DATE INVENTION\ PRESENT INVENTION
DISCOVERY
(484 – 425 BC) ABACUS
Herodotus most likely
refers to aline abacus
in his records : “The
Egyptians move their
hands from right to left
in calculation, while the
Greeks from left to
right”. A famous
example of the line
abacus is the Salamis
Abacus preserved at
the Athens Museum. It
consists of a white
marble board (149 by
75 Cm) with lines
drawn on it.
The ancient Egyptians
(3000 B.C.E) invented it, of course!
Papyrus was invented
in 3000 B.C.E, and
although paper has
changed dramaticly, it
is still used everywhere
today. Papryus was
invented along the Nile
river, for the material
substance used to
make papyrus grew
there. Papyrus had
many uses. The
papyrus plant was used
to make papryus
paper.
IMPORTANCE\RELEVANCE
CALCULATOR Useful Calculators for
Businesses There are
tools which, crucial in any
business environment,
should be used in the day
to day running of your
finances and company,
such as, compatibility
tools, tax calculators and
even personal financial
calculators.
PAPER The ability to document
processes, place or fill
orders, manage human
resources, communicate
between employees,
store information, edit
documents, bill
customers, and legally
protect oneself or the
company can be the core
of business operations.
Historically, providing
these services required
the use of paper.
( 1800s) Analytical engine
generally considered
the first computer,
designed and partly
built by the English
inventor Charles
Babbage in the 19th
century (he worked on
it until his death in
1871).
1876–1877 Alexander Graham Telephone/Cellphone
Bell.His research on
hearing and speech
further led him to
experiment with
hearing devices which
eventually culminated
in Bell being awarded
the first U.S. patent for
the telephone, on
March 7, 1876.[N 3]
Bell considered his
invention an intrusion
on his real work as a
scientist and refused to
have a telephone in his
study
COMPUTER can enhance the speed &
efficiency in the business ,
They save the time , They
make the accurate data
available to the business
owners & related parties ,
They help in the flow of
the information by
supporting group team
decision making within a
business or organization .
Along with sales through
the company's website or
physical storefront, the
telephone plays a major
role in many businesses
that offer products or
services. Sales staff can
use telephones to call
leads they've generated
through marketing lists or
online research or leave
voicemails prompting
potential buyers to follow
up with the company.
Customers can learn more
about the company's
offerings over the phone
and can even place an
order with a credit card to
close the sale
immediately. Employees
can also hold phone
interview sessions with
potential buyers and
make presentations that
help customers with their
buying decisions.
1494 Accounting Why is accounting
In 1458 Benedetto important, you ask?
Cotrugli invented the Without accounting, you
double-entry wouldn’t know how much
accounting system, money your business has
which revolutionized earned. You could easily
accounting. Double- forget how much money
entry accounting is you paid out. And, you
defined as any wouldn’t remember how
bookkeeping system your current profit or loss
that involves a debit compared to the previous
and/or credit entry for quarters’.
transactions. Italian
mathematician and
Franciscan monk Luca
Bartolomes Pacioli,
who invented a system
of record keeping that
used a memorandum,
journal, and ledger,
wrote many books on
accounting.
 1982 SOFT (Satisfactory SWOT ANALYSIS Opportunities can include
(good in the present), an unfulfilled need of
Opportunity (good in consumers or new
the future), Fault (bad technological arrivals,
in the present), Threat according to the article
(bad in the future)). "SWOT Analysis" at
quickmba.com. For
This was the outcome example, the Internet
of the research work became a new way to
on corporate planning market products in the
conducted at Stanford mid-1990s. Also, a
Research Institute (SFI) competitor can go out of
from 1960-1970. business and provide a
company with a new
market segment in which
Weihrich (1982) to sell its products.
subsequently modified
SWOT in the format of
a matrix, matching the
internal factors (i.e. the
strengths and
weaknesses) of an
organization with its
external factors (i.e.
opportunities and
threats) to
systematically generate
strategies that ought to
be undertaken by the
organization. It is
Weihrich who is
credited with the four
box matrix we now
use.

(618-917) BCE During the Tang
Dynasty (618–907 CE),
however, merchants
began to leave those
heavy strings of coins
with a trustworthy
MONEY There is one thing above
all that is the most
important factor to a
business: money. Without
money, a business hasn’t
got much at all. Money
 agent, who would may not be the
record how much motivating factor behind
money the merchant every single decision that
had on deposit on a a business makes, but it
piece of paper. The certainly has a huge place
paper, a sort of of importance in business.
promissory note, could Simply put, a business
then be traded for can’t do anything and
goods, and the seller won’t amount to much at
could go to the agent all without money.
and redeem the note
for the strings of coins.
With

4000BC Numbers, and Numbers Understanding your

counting, began about critical financial
4,000 BC in Sumeria, numbers may not be as
one of the earliest exciting as making a big
civilizations. With so sale, but keeping an
many people, livestock, eye on these must-
crops and artisan goods know figures will give
located in the same you precious peace of
place, cities needed a mind—and a glimpse of
way to organize and what the future holds
keep track of it all, as it for your business.
was used up, added to
or traded. Their
method of counting
began as a series of
tokens
19th century Software is a set of APPS
programmed
instructions stored in
the memory of stored-
program digital
computers for
execution by the
processor. Software is
a recent development
in human history
1969 The Birth of APRANET. INTERNET
Scientists and military
experts were especially
concerned about what
might happen in the
event of a Soviet attack
on the nation’s
telephone system. Just
one missile, they
feared, could destroy
the whole network of
lines and wires that
made efficient long-
distance
communication
possible.
Use of business
software assists in
elimination of human
errors therefore
allowing effectiveness
and consistency. Its use
is important for
completing business
tasks and reporting the
organization’s
activities. It increases
efficiency and
effectiveness of the
company’s activities.
Moreover, it helps in
performing the
business activities in
shorter period of time
that reduces the work
load.
Department of Defense
experiment–driven by the
Cold War–eventually gave
birth to the Internet.
Today, it’s hard to
imagine doing business
without email, social
media, a website, or
electronic invoicing. The
Internet also
democratized the
business world. Anyone
can now become a
merchant, commentator,
or expert with minimal
effort. Now that
classifieds, formerly hard-
to-find research sources,
job sites, and payment
services are all online,
business has officially
been revolutionized.