21st

Century
Literature
 MODULE 1
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE
-Folk tales.
-The Epic Age.
-Folk Songs.

Period of Enlightenment (1972- 1898)

-The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)

The American Regime (1898-1944)

-Characteristics of Literature during this period:

The Japanese Period (1941-1945)

-Filipino Poetry during this period
Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945)
-In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period.

Period of Activism (1970-1972)

-The Literary Revolution

Period of the New Society (1972- 1980)

-The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued
to give annual awards.

Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

-The Philippines became a
new nation, and this, former President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”

Post-Edsa 1 Revolution (1986-1995)

-History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence, which they
lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng
Bayan) prevailed.
 MODULE 2
21st Century Literature Genres

-ILLUSTRATED NOVEL =Story through text and illustrated images

-DIGI-FICTION =Triple Media Literature
-GRAPHIC NOVEL = Narrative in comic book formats
-MANGA = Japanese word for comics
-DOODLE FICTION = Drawing enhances the story, often adding humorous elements
-TEXT-TALK NOVELS =Blogs, email and IM format narratives
-CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE = Scarlet Bailey’s The night before Christmas and Miranda
Dickinson’s It started with a Kiss are examples of this.
-FLASH FICTION= There is no widely accepted definition of the length and category. It could range
from word to a thousand.
-SIX-WORD FLASH FICTION = Margaret Atwood: Longed for him. Got him, Shit.
-CREATIVE NON-FICTION = Also known as literary non-fiction or narrative non-fiction
-SCIENCE FICTION = Examples include Suzanne Collins’ Mockingjay and Sarah Maas’ Kingdom of Ash.
-BLOG = A weblog, a website containing short articles called posts that are changed regularly.
-HYPER POETRY = Digital poetry that uses links and hypertext mark-up
 MODULE 3
Imagery
= is creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the
senses.
Visual imagery
= produced by the use of words that appeal to the sense of sight.
Auditory Imagery
= produced by the use of words that appeal to the sense of hearing.
Kinesthetic imagery
= produced by the use of words that appeal to the actions and movement.
Literary Techniques
= are methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to convey what
they want to impart to the reader, such as Flashback where the events have taken
place before the present time the narration is following.
 MODULE 4
Blog
= or a “weblog” is a website containing informational articles about a person’s own
opinions, interests and experiences.
Mind mapping
=is a graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces of
information.
Mobile phone text tula
= is a traditional Filipino poem.
Slideshow presentation
= is created with the use of Microsoft PowerPoint.
Tag cloud
= is created with
the use of Microsoft PowerPoint.
Video
= is a visual, stylized arrangement of words or tags within a textual content such as websites,
articles, speeches and databases.
 MODULE 5
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
Character = A character in a short story is a person, in some stories an animal, who takes part in the action of the
story or other literary work.
A.protagonist = is considered as the main character or most important of all the
characters.
B.antagonist = is the character that challenges the main character. It has no concern
for the well-being of the main character.
Setting = The setting may be based on real place and real time or it may also be based on the author’s imagination.
Plot = A plot is the actual story.
A.Exposition = This is the beginning of the story.
B.Rising Action = This is where conflicts start to build.
C.Climax = It is the most exciting part of a short story.
D.Falling Action = The excitement becomes less and less as the conflict is resolved.
E.Falling Action = This is the solution to the problem in a story.
Conflict = Every story needs to have a problem and this problem is called conflict.
Theme = This is the central idea in a short story and a general truth.
Point of View = This is the way the story is told or narrated.
A.First Person = narrator participates in and tells the story using the pronoun ‘I’.
B.Limited Third Person = the narrator is not in the story and narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. Also, the
narrator is unable to see into the minds of the characters.
C.Omniscient Third Person = the narrator is not in the story and tells the story using the
pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. In this point of view.
 MODULE 6
BIOGRAPHY
= Comes from the Greek words bios, which means life .
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
= Also narrative of person, but written by the person himself or
herself.