10th

UNIT Objectives Grade

* Explore short stories that provide insights about human
condition and experiences
* Discuss how short story elements and literary devices are
effectively used
* Demonstrate communicative competence through understanding
of literature
* Understand how world literature can express and resolve
personal conflicts
* Compose persuasive text using intensive and reflexive pronouns,
words and expressions that emphasize a point, and modals
* Enhance communication skills and learn the ethics and
strategies of public speaking
 10th
• Lesson 1 Grade
Fortifying Family Values and Traditions

Skills in Focus
* Determine how connected events contribute to the totality
of a material viewed
* Explain how the elements specific to a selection build its
theme
* Differentiate between formal and informal definition of
words
* Use textual aids to understand a text
* Use reflexive pronouns in sentences
* Write a persuasive essay about a chosen topic
Sharing Prior Knowledge
The “ Mats” is about the Angeles family whose patriarch
frequently travels for work. Despite being away from his
family, he makes sure to keep his lines of communication with
them open. One day, he comes home to his family with a very
special treat, the mats.

Essential Questions
How did families in the past strengthen their family ties?
How different are their ways from the ways of families today?
About the Author
Francisco “Franz” Arcellana ( 1916-2001) was a Filipino
writer, essayist, journalist, poet and educator. He is one of the
forerunners of the modern Filipino short story. Majority of his
work were written in English and were eventually translated to
Tagalog, Malaysian, Russian, Italian and German. His most
notable works were “ The Flowers of May,” a short story
which won second prize in the 1951 Don Carlos Palanca
Memorial Award for Literature and “Wing of Madness”,
another short story which won second prize in the Philippine
Free Press literary contest in 1953. He became National Artist
of the Philippines in Literature in 1990 as proclaimed by the
late President Corazon C. Aquino.
Building Word Power for Vocabulary Development

1. 1. She labored over a reply to him.

2. 2. So consummate was the artistry of the mat.
3. 3. The stories petered out and dinner was over.
4. 4. Wiping the table clean did not at all seen tedious.
5. 5. He disengaged a ponderous bundle.
6. 6. His voice had risen shrill.

7. Reading of the story

8. “ The Mats “
Elements of the Short Story
*Theme is the fundamental idea that the author wants to convey
to his/ her readers. It is what the short story is all about.
*Setting refers to the time and location in which it takes place. It
may also refer to the weather conditions, prevailing social order, and
culture described in the story.
*Characters are the main contributors to the action in a short
story. There is usually one central character that dominates in a
short story.
*Plot consists of related and chronological events that develop
the theme of the story. It describes what happened in the
beginning,middle and end of the story.
*Conflict of the story is a struggle or opposition between the
ideals of two or more characters.
Integrating Values
“The Mats”, the Angeles family’s close- knit relationship was portrayed. As
the head of the family, Mr. Angeles endured being away from his family in
order to be a good provider. Although he was always away, he made sure to
have an open line of communication with his family. Nana Emilia stayed home
and devotedly attended to the needs of the children and her husband. The
assignment of roles between the father and mother and can be considered
old-fashioned because now a days, both parents can decide to the
breadwinners of the family. In other families, the mother goes to work while
the father stays home.
The children in the short story showed respect to their parents in their
actions and words. As a family, they gave importance to every member, even
the deceased ones. Even though the three children had passed away,they
remained in the hearts and minds of the Angeles family.
Writing and Composition
Study the outline and then write a paragraph about your position on one of the given topics.
Choose a title that will capture the gist of your persuasive speech.

I. Introduction
It contains the argument of your essay and provides the background information about the topic.
It should also answer The 5Ws and 1 H ( who, what, when, where, why and How ).

II. The Body

T he body contains the topic sentence which has two purposes:
introducing the content of the paragraph and introducing the next steps of your argument.
Thus, you need to elaborate at this point of your essay by incorporating validated facts, useful
information, data, and statistics to back up your claim.

III. Conclusion
The conclusion brings the essay to a close and summarizes where the argument of your paper
has gone. An effective conclusion explains why readers need to take action after learning your
position about the topic.
 Suggested Topics:
* Is it important to have a close- knit family?
* How does technology affect the relationship
of the family?
* Should parents monitor their children’s
networking accounts?
* Should students bring their mobile phones to
school?
* How do you end bullying?
Grammar Awareness
Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns refer back to the subject of the

sentence. It can be used as direct object ( when the verb is
transitive), indirect object ( when the verb is intransitive), or
object of the preposition in the sentence.
Examples:
Mr. Angeles balanced himself on his toes. ( DO)
The children gave themselves time to relax. ( IO)
The female guest had to cook for herself. ( OP)
 Reflexive pronouns are also used with the preposition by
to indicate that the subject performed an action alone and
without assistance.
Examples:
The little girl was proud that she brushed her teeth by
herself.
The crippled man drives to work by himself.
Grammar Notes.
1. It is important to know the use reflexive pronoun in order to avoid
repetition of noun antecedents.
2. Reflexive pronouns should not be used as the subject or direct
object of the sentence.
When used as subject
(X) Tessie and myself directed the group to the auditorium.
( / ) Tessie and I directed the group to the auditorium.

When used as direct object

( x ) The chief executive officer commended my partner and
myself for a job well done.
( / ) The chief executive officer commended my partner and
me for ajob well done.
Activity 1 Identify whether the following reflexive pronouns are
used as direct object (DO), indirect object (IO) or object of the
preposition (OP).
1. I am teaching myself to play the guitar. (DO)
2. The baby amused herself by playing with her rattle. ( DO)
3. The farmer built a makeshift but for himself. ( OP)
4. Andrea treats herself to a shopping spree every payday.( DO)
5. The players prepared themselves for the championship by
practicing twice a week.( IO)
6. Dexter promised himself he’d be president of the student council.
7. My clumsy sister hit herself with the golf club she was holding.(
8. The bird built itself a nest above the canopy.
9. We barrowed ourselves some books to entertain us.
10. The orphaned siblings take care of themselves.
Activity 2
Write a meaningful sentences for each use of
reflective pronouns.

1. Used as a Direct Object

2. Used as an indirect object

3. Used as the object of the preposition

 Lesson 2
Celebrating One Another’s Diversity

Skills in Focus
* Express insight based on the ideas presented in the material
viewed / read
* Explain how the elements of a particular genre contibute to
the theme of a selection
* Give technical and operational definitions of words
* Formulate a statement of opinion or assertion
* Describe and interpret the ethics of public speaking
* Use intensive pronoun in meaningful sentences
Sharing Prior Knowledge
The featured short story, “A Very Old Man with Enormous
Wings”, is about an old man whose strange physical appearance and
unexplain emergence in the yard of a couple stir mixed reactions
from neighbors. A neighbor claims he is a fallen angel who has come
to take the couple’s sick child. Because of the couple’s uncertainty
about the old man’s identity, they confine him to a chicken coop
where he becomes a pectacle for the whole town to scrutinize.

Essential Questions
How should a person be treated? Should treatment and
acceptance of human beings be according to appearance, race,
culture, dialect, age, gender, occupation, etc?
 About the Author
Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014), a
Colombian novelist, is considered one of the
greatest writers of the 20th century and the best
known Latin American writer in history. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982 for
his masterpiece, ‘ One Hundred of Solitude”. He
was the fourth Latin American to be so honored,
after Chilean poets Gabriela Mistral in 1945,
Pablo Neruda in 1971, and Guatemalan novelist
Miguel Angel Asturias in 1967. Apart from being a
novelist, he was an accomplished novelist and
superb short story writer.
Building Word Power
1. The government has lost control over criminality, causing social cataclysm to begin.
a. gathering b. upheaval c. indifference
2. The spectators made all kinds of conjectures concerning the captive’s future.
a. baseless theories b. profanities c. credible comments
3. He couldn’t get up for his wings impeded his every movement.
a. aided b. sped up c. hindered
4. The grandfather’s antiquarian eyes can barely distinguish colors now.
a. timeworn b. squinting c. sharp
5. The rich business man, without the slightest reverence, mocked the beggar.
a. hatred b. respect c. pleasantry
B. Give the operational and technical meaning of each words.
Operational Definition Technical Definition

television a device for audio a telecommunication / medium that

visual entertainment transmit sound

1. book _______________ ______________________

2. telescope _______________ ______________________

3. chocolate _______________ ______________________

4. airplane _______________ ______________________

5. astronaut _______________ ______________________

Reading of the selection
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings pp.20-26

Literary Appreciation
Elements of the story
Elements Real Magical
_____________ ____________
1. 1. Theme

2. 2. Setting _____________ ____________

3. 3. Characters _____________ ____________
4. 4. Plot _____________ ____________
_____________ ____________
5. 5. Conflict
Integrating Values
Humans have always been fearful of anything that is unknown.
Anything that looks out of the ordinary brings discomfort
and doubt. In the story, the whole village, aside from being intrigued,
was cautious of the strange visitor. Because of the old man’s
angel like features, the villagers speculated two things: that he
would either bring luck or that he was a disaster waiting to happen.
His peculiar physical appearance made the human characters in the
story neglectful of his needs. H e was treated callously.
Grammar Awareness
Intensive Pronouns
An intensive pronoun, as its name suggests, intensifies or
emphasizes the subject of the sentence.
Example:
Nana Emilia herself wrote the letter to Mr. Angeles.
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The mat weavers themselves made the colorful mats.

Grammar Notes
One way to identify an intensive pronoun against a reflexive
pronoun is to remove it from the sentence. If the sentence makes
sense without the pronoun, the pronoun removed is an intensive
pronoun. Otherwise, it is a reflexive pronoun.
Activity 1
Write R if the underlined pronoun is reflexive and I if it is intensive.
Write X if the pronoun is used incorrectly in the sentence.

1. The journalist herself witnessed the violent eruption of the volcano.

2. Edward propped himself up against the wall.
3. Get yourself a well-deserved massage.
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4. The security guard assisted Shaun and myself in finding the bookstore.
5. The interviewer would like you to describe yourself.
6. I myself am afraid of heights.
7. The proud toddler showed the painting he did himself.
8. Our relatives ourselves prepared for the surprise party.
9. Marcus, Aileen and Alex treated themselves to a shopping spree.
10. My sister loves to go swimming by herself at the clubhouse.
Activity 2
Provide predicates that will make the sentence meaningful. Use
the appropriate reflexive or intensive pronouns based on the given
subjects.

( intensive) 1. The student inventors ________________________.

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( reflexive) 2. After the recollection, we _____________________.

( reflexive) 3. The tree ___________________________.

( intensive) 4. The ballerina ___________________.

( reflexive) 5. Our guests ____________________.

Writing and Composition
Formulating Statements of Opinion and Assertion
Assertion is a confident and forceful statement of fact and
belief while an opinion is judgment formed based on one’s
emotion and thoughts; not necessarily on fact or knowledge
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Opinion: The Philippines needs a president with a soft
heart for the poor and needy, but an iron fist for the law
breakers.
Assertion: The Philippines needs a president who could
help the poor by improving the economy and social welfare
programs, and diminish crime by strictly promoting law and
order, and strengthening the justice system.
Activity 1
Share your opinion about the short story, “ A Very Old
Man with Enormous Wings”.
Write the emotions you felt while reading the selection.
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Lesson 3
Overcoming Personal Transformation

Skills in Focus
* Single out direct and indirect signals used by a speaker
* Draw generalizations and conclusions based on the
materials viewed 24.7%
* Express appreciation for sensory images used
* Describe the techniques in effective public speaking
* Use words and expressions that emphasize a point
effectively
Sharing Prior Knowledge
“ Araby” narrates the personal transformation of a boy who is
infatuated to a friend’s sister. The short story is set in a low- middle
income neighborhood in Dublin. As the story progresses, the boy
describes what he goes through everyday until he eventually realizes
that he is already inlove. He travels to the bazaar to fulfill a promise
he has made to his friend’s24.7%
sister. However, his unfortunate
experience in Araby has changed his perceptions about love.

Essential Questions
What physical, emotional, and social changes do teenagers go
through during puberty?
How are their relationships with others affected by these changes.
About the Author
James Joyce ( 1882-1941), an Irish novelist and poet, is
one of the Ireland’s most influential and renowned writers. He
was noted for his experimental use of language and
exploration of new literary methods in his words of fiction. To
fund his passion for literature, he planned to study medicine
24.7%
in Dublin. However, he abandoned his plan to become a
doctor and pursued his literary career instead. His best works
are his novels, “Ulysses,” “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young
Man,” and Finnegan’s Wake”, as well as his short story
collection,” Dubliners.”
Building Word Power
Unlock the meaning of each of the italicized words to
understand the narrative better.
1. brown imperturbable faces
2. we ran the gauntlet of the rough tribes
3. we came near the point at which our ways diverged
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4. the houses had grown somber
5. she was an old, garrulous woman
6. my soul luxuriated
7. the fine incessant needles of water
8. the tedious intervening days
9. their feeble lanterns
10. driven by vanity
Literary Selection
Araby
by James Joyce
1. Describe the mood in
the first paragraph. Where
was the story set?
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2. What is Araby? Why did
the narrator want to go there?
3. How did the narrator feel
while counting the days to his trip to
Araby?

4. Why was the boy appointed when he finally arrived at Araby?

5. What realization did the narrator have at the end of the story?
Drawing Generalizations and Conclusions

What do following lines from the selection imply?

1. If my Uncle was seen turning the corner, we hid in the

shadow until we had seen him safely housed.
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2. My eyes are often full of tears ( I could not tell why) and at
times a flood in my heart seemed to pour itself out into my
bosom.

3. I stood by the railings looking at her. Her dress swung as

he moved her body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from
side to side.
4. I had hardly patience with the serious work of life which--- now
that it stood between me and my desire--- seemed to me child’s play,
ugly monotonous child’s play.

5. He was fussing at the hall stand, looking for the hat brush, and
answered me curtly: “Yes, boy, I know.”
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6. At nine o’clock I heard my Uncle’s latchkey in the hall door., heard
him talking to himself and heard the hallstand rocking when it had
received the weight of his overcoat. I could interpret these signs.

7. Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and

derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.
 Identifying Sensory Images Used
The author used vivid and detailed descriptions in the short story.
Identify the sense organ/ s used in the following.

1. North Richmond Street, 24.7%

being blind, was a quiet street except at
the hour when the Christian Brother’s School set the boys free.

2. Air, musty from having been long enclosed, hung in all the rooms.

3. The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple tree
and a few straggling bushes.

4. The cold air stung us and we played till our bodies glowed.
5. The curses of labourers, the shrill litanies of shop- boys,
the nasal chanting of street- singers, who sang a come-all-
you about O’Donovan Rossa

6. It crept onward among ruinos houses and over the

twinkling river. 24.7%

Integrating Values
Young people who are transitioning to adulthood may notice
different changes in their lives ---- physically, emotionally, and
socially. These are normal in the puberty stage.
Grammar Awareness
Words and Expressions That Emphasize a Point
Emphatic words or expressios are used to highlight an
important detail in a text. They also give more stress to any emotion,
statement, description, etc.

Weak: He was very tired.

Emphatic: He was exhausted.

Weak: She was waiting for him under the heat of the sun.
Emphatic: She was impatiently waiting for him under the scorching
heat of the sun.

Weak: Mom is mad because her children were misbehaving.

Emphatic: Mom is a ball of fury because her children are such brats.
Grammar Notes
One way of drawing attention to a point is by using emphatic words and
expressions. Carefully chosen words and expressions will give dimension to
an otherwise flat sentence.

* Avoid weak and one-dimensional words, such as very, so, good, new,
old

* Use potent adjectives and adverbs that will awaken the reader’s
senses.

* Use figurative language, like simile, metaphor, personification,

hyperbole, etc.
Activity 1
Study the following words and expressions. Which one in the pair
is emphatic? Choose your answer.

1. a superb performance a good performance

2. his new album his latest album
3. waited long hours waited endless hours
4. a decrepit book an old book
5. we deny we strongly deny
6. it is absolutely illegal it is illegal
7. my eyes were very angry my eyes burned w/ anguish/anger
8. I stayed long in her stall I lingered before her stall
9. the hall was pitch black the hall was so dark
1o. It was quiet in the house there was no sound in the house
Activity 2
Improve the following sentences by adding emphatic words or
expressions, or by replacing one-dimensional words with more
effective ones.

1. The wind is blowing. _________________________________

2. I am scared of the dog. _______________________________
3. The beautiful beach is crowded. _______________________
4. My wound is painful. _________________________________
5. It is raining hard. _____________________________________
6. Mom cooks delicious meal. ____________________________
7. He is selling old books. _______________________________
8. She got bored from waiting too long. ____________________
9. The teacher got very angry. ____________________________
10. Lydia run fast. ______________________________________
Writing and Composition
Writing a story about One’s Most Unforgettable Moment

In 2 to 4 paragraph, write an experience that you consider one for

the book. Be as detailed as possible so that it would be able to see in
mind’s eye. Use emphatic words and expressions to make it more
interesting .
Effective public Speaking Techniques

1. Be prepared and know your presentation by heart.

2. Acclimatize yourself with the audience.
3. Use visual aids when necessary.
4. Speak to one person at a time.
5. Use hand gestures and body movements.
Lesson 4
Standing Up against Diversities

Skills in Focus
* Explain the literary devices used in the short story
* Show appreciation for songs, poems, and other listening
text
* Evaluate literature as a way of expressing and resolving
personal conflicts
* Use words and expression that emphasize a point effectively
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Greek mythology is the body of traditional stories and teachings
from the ancient Greeks. These myth talks about gods, and heroes,
the order of the world, the early history of people, and the
significance of ancient rituals and supernatural practices.
“ The Gorgon’s Head” is a popular myth from the Greeks. It
depicts the fate of a hero named Perseus who overcome diversities
thrown upon his way.

Essential Questions
Can you say that the mandates set out by the different kings in
the story are just? Why or why not? What role did the gods and
goddesses play in the story?
About the Author
Anne Terry White (1896-1980), was a Ukrainian
teacher, editor, translator, and author. She is known
for her work in children’s literature. She is also
known for her non fiction pieces in literature,
history, and science. She has created several
stories and books for the young, including retelling
of the myth “ Demeter and Persephone.”
Building Word Power for Vocabulary Development
Meaning Pronunciation
1. wily _______ ____________
2. appease _______ ____________
3. abashed _______ ____________
4. venomous _______ ____________
5. evade _______ ____________
6. valorous _______ ____________
7. perilous _______ ____________
8. truant ________ ____________
9. dowry ________ ____________
10. ordain ________ ____________
Reading of the Selection ( The Gorgon’s Head)
by Anne Terry White
Reading/ viewing comprehension
1. Describe the main character of the short story. What
characteristics does he possesses?
2. Describe King Acrisius and King Polydectes. What do they have in
common?
3. What was the oracle that King Acrisius dreaded? What did he do
to prevent it from happening?
4. Why did King Polydectes send Perseus to kill Medusa? What was
his motive?
5. What adversities did Perseus experience? How did he overcome
them?
6. What items did Perseus use to kill Medusa? How did he secure
this items?
7. What was the role of the gods, Hermes and Athene in the story?
8. What transpired prior to the wedding Perseus and Andromeda?
Do you think such kind of marriage arrangement is still acceptable
today?

Understanding Literary Devices Used

1. What was the point of view in “ The Gorgon’s Head”?

2. When did the story takes place? Describe the setting of the story.

3. Discuss the theme /s of the story.

4. Which elements of the story contributed in building
suspense?

5. Explain the following symbolisms in the story. What are

they equivalent to in our current society?
a. The oracle ordained to King Acrisius
b. The fisherfolk, Dictys
c. The mandates of King Acrisius and King Polydectes
d. The role of Hermes and Athene
e. The heroism and triumph of Perseus
f. The fate of the two Kings
Appreciating Songs, Poems, and Other Listening
Texts
From the short story Perseus persevered to become successful
in his in his quest to win glory for his name. In attaining his goal, he
remained noble despite the perilous circumstances he found himself
in. Through the action of Perseus, the reader could deduce that no
matter how difficult it was for him to overcome trials, justice
eventually prevailed at the end.
Go over the internet and look for songs, poems, and other texts
that discuss justice. Then, answer the following questions.
1. What does your chosen listening text say about justice?
2. Which lines suggest how justice could be achieved for all?
3. How should a person conduct himself/ herself in times of trials?
4. What does it take to preserve and attain justice?
Integrating Values
“The Gorgon’s Head” teaches a valuable lesson about karma, a
belief that the intention and action of a person ( cause) influence
his/her fate ( effect). Perseus faced all the challenges given to him
with valor and integrity. In the end, he emerged as the hero of the
story. On the other hand, the kings who harbored ill feelings and
acted unjustly towards Perseus received unfavorable results in their
lives.
Discuss the karma of the characters in the story.
Perseus
Danae
Andromeda
Dictys
King Acrisius
King Polydectes
Phineas
Grammar
More Techniques to Emphasize a Point
Use the emphatic verb tense
The present tense and the past tense are used to emphasize
that an action happened. The auxiliary verb do + base of the verb are
used.
Present Tense Past tense

The homebuilders do work We did invite him for

hard. dinner.

Ed does follow instructions Meg did not receive the

letter.
She does not study
everyday.
Use coordinating sentences to emphasize equal ideas.
She walks to work in the morning and rides the train in the
afternoon.
I spoke him personally yesterday, but today, we only exchanged
text messages.

Use subordinating sentences to emphasize unequal ideas.

I will join the fun run on Saturday unless it rains.
Madie cooked a palatable dish of pork sisig; it was unhealthy
though.

Use parallelism to emphasize pair ideas.

Vic sells comic books in his store while Cita sells pocket books
in hers.
The boy left her in the dark crying, hurting, pleading, hoping.
Use parallelism to emphasize the last idea in a series.
This year, I got to fulfill almost all of my goals--- graduate in
college, find a new place for myself, travel to Hong Kong with my
family, and finally, secure myself a job.

Use repetition to emphasize the main idea.

I am the captain of my fate; I am the captain of my soul.
My mind is wandering in this lonely room, in this empty house,
in this abandoned village.

Use the active voice to highlight the subject; the passive voice to
highlight the predicate.
The chauffer immediately started the car. ( active)
The car was immediately started by the chauffer. ( passive)
Grammar Notes
There are several techniques to make ideas stand out in a
sentence. Some of which are the following.

* Use the emphatic tense of the verb.

* Use coordinating sentences for equal ideas.
* Use subordinating sentences for unequal ideas.
* Use parallelism for paired ideas.
* Use parallelism to emphasize the last idea in a series.
* Use repetition to emphasize the main idea.
* Use active voice to highlight the subject; passive voice to
highlight the predicate.
Activity 1
Complete the sentences below by choosing the correct emphatic
expressions from the word box.
dead striking exceptional abandoned
jovial
took a beating dilapidated deafening
workable ambitious

1-2. She wore _____ colors that reflect her ______ personality.
3. The family ____ when they lost all their properties to fire.
4. Her ____ rubber shoes never made it to the finish line.
5. The veteran journalist’s writing skills are _______.
6. Baby Ethan let out ___ wails when his mother left.
7-8. In the ____ of night, the lady braved walking the ____ streets.
9-10. He had _____ goals, but they were ______.
Activity 2
Give (2) meaningful sentences for each technique in
emphasizing details.
1. Use the emphatic tense of the verb

2. Use coordinating sentences for equal ideas

3. Use subordinating sentences for unequal ideas

4. Use parallelism for paired ideas

5. Use parallelism to emphasize the last idea in the series

6. Use the repetition to emphasize the idea

7. Use active voice to highlight the subject; passive voice to

highlight the predicate.
Writing and Composition
Responding to a News Article

Tips on how to write an effective response to a

news article
1. Gather information on how to submit a letter to the editor.
2. Respond immediately.
3. Cite the original story by name, date, and author.
4. Start your letter by either by negating or supporting the argument
of the article you are responding to.
5. Conclude your letter by making a call to action.
6. Include your contact information so that the newspaper could
contact you before printing your letter.
Lesson 5
Upholding the Common Goods

Skills in Focus
* Determine the tone, mood, technique, and
purpose of the author
* Express insight based on the text read
* Determine signal markers that suggest the
functions of statements
* Write a lobbying letter to promote a cause
* Use modals properly in meaningful sentences
Sharing Prior Knowledge
The story is about the sacrifice of a young girl for
the benefit of her tribe. According to her ancestors,
her life had to be offered in order for the drought to
end and for rain to come. In real life, sacrificing for
the common good could be a simple
as giving up playtime to be able to look after a
younger siblings or saving some of your money to
donate for the education of the poor.
Have you sacrificed something in order to be of
service to others?
Essential Questions

How important is rain to the people of Luo? Is

it reasonable to offer the life of a human being in
exchange for rain?
Why or why not?
About the Author
Grace Ogot (1930-2015) was a Kenyan nurse,
author, journalist, politician and diplomat. She was one of the
first Kenyan- English speaking female writers to be published.
Her father taught her the stories of the Old Testament and her
grandmother taught her about the traditional folk of the
district of Nyanza. These folktales eventually one of her
inspirations in writing. She was a nurse by profession but
later became a Kenyan delegate to the general assembly of
the United Nations. Her political career started in 1983 when
she was became a member of Parliament and the only woman
assistant minister in then President Daniel arap Moi’s cabinet.
Building Word Power for Vocabulary Development
Root/s Affix/es Meaning

1. breathlessly ______ _______ _______

2. co- wife ______ _______ _______
3. hunger- stricken ______ _______ _______
4. enthroned ______ _______ _______
5. enviable ______ _______ _______
6. disobeying ______ _______ _______
8. marriage ______ _______ _______
9. entangled ______ _______ _______
10. panicky _______ _______ _______
Reading of the Selection - The Rain Came
by Grace Ogot

Reading / Viewing Comprehension

1. Describe the setting of the story. What was the tribe of Luo
experiencing?

2. Where was the chief from before coming back to the

village/

3. What was the prophecy? How did the chief feel about it/
How did his relatives feel about it?

4. What did Oganda assume the chief and her family were
talking about?
5. Describe the men whom Oganda considered for marriage.

6. How did Oganda feel about the prophecy?

7. If you were Oganda, would you have offered your life to

save your tribe? Explain

8. Why did the rain come despite the interference of Osinda

with the prophecy? What other explanation could rationalize
the coming of the rain?
Analyzing Cultural Content and Expressing Insights
Read the following excerpts and determine what they
reveal about the culture , traditions, and beliefs of the Luo
tribe.

1. Out of Labong’o’s twenty children, Oganda was the only

girl. Though she was the chief’s favorite, her mother’s co-
wives swallowed their jealous feeling and showered her with
love.

2. Instead of asking the messenger to beat the drum, he went

straight and beat it himself. In no time the whole household
had assembled under the siala tree where he usually
addressed them.
3. “ It must be marriage,” she concluded. It was an accepted
custom for the family to discuss their daughter’s future
marriage behind her back.

4. She wanted to picture the size and shape of the lake

monster, but fear would not let her. The society did not talk
about it, nor did the crying children who were silenced by the
mention of its name.

5. “ A young man who has not known a man must die so that
the country may have rain.”
Integrating Values

In the story, Oganda was fated to save her whole

tribe from dying of drought through self-sacrifice.
She upheld the common good even if it means that
she will miss out on life and love, even if it means
she will no longer have a future to look forward to,
even if it means losing her life.
Activity
Group Work

1. If you were the chieftain, would you consent to the

ancestor’s prophecy to offer Oganda’s life to the lake
monster?
If yes, how would you tell your child about her fate? If no,
what solution would you present the ancestors and the tribe
to spare your child’s life?

2. If you were Oganda, would you have easily agreed to die for
the tribe? If yes, would you do during the last days of your
life? If no, how would you convince your father and the tribe
to spare your life?
3. If you were Oganda’s mother, would you allow your
daughter to be offered to the lake monster? If yes, how would
you move on and accept her death? If no, how would you
have saved your child who is already approaching the lake?
Grammar Awareness
Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Modal Auxiliary verbs or modals, such as can, could, may, might,

will, would, shall, should, must, and ought, are helping verbs that
add certain kinds of meanings to a sentence --- degrees of certainty
and obligation and freedom to act.

Uses Examples
Complete certainty I shall be away tomorrow.
( positive or negative) I shall not be late on Thursday.
The plane will leave at 3:00 pm.
It will not rain this evening.
You must be tired.
You must not have heard me.
You can send me a message.
Probability/ Saying that She should / ought to be here
something is logical or soon.
normal ( positive or negative) It should not / ought not to be
that difficult to get there.

Possibility / Chances that We may be buying a new

something is true or will house.
Happen The water may not be warm
( positive or negative) enough.

Weak possibility Things might not be as bad as

they seem.
We could all be millionaires
someday.
Grammar Notes

The negative is formed simply by adding “not” after the

verb.
You shall not loiter around the corridors.
I may not be able to finish my project on time.

Modals never change their form; it is not necessary to

add –s to put a modal for it to agree with the subject or –ed
for it to show past action.
( X )Tess mays be absent tomorrow.
( / ) Tess may be absent tomorrow.
Activity 1
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modals to complete the
sentences.

1. According to the publisher, the author’s new book _______ be

released on Thursday.

2. Mother _______ cook supper while keeping the baby entertained.

3. The hardworking father _____ not be back until tomorrow.

4. Richard ______ be at home because he only leaves on Sundays.

5. The procedure ______ not take long; the doctors will be done in an
hour.
6. Some of the applicants _______ be coming from the nearby
provinces.

7. Kim ____ not have received my text message. She has bad
reception at home.

8. The pizza they ordered ______ arrive in 20 to 45 minutes.

9. Madie is on her way. She ______ be on the train.

10. Cost of living _____ be high in Singapore.

Activity 2
Use each modal in meaningful, grammatically- acceptable
sentences.

1. shall; shall not

2. will; will not

3. must; must not

4. can; cannot

5. should; should not

6. may; may not

Writing and Composition

Writing a Travelogue
Have you traveled somewhere lately? Have you joined
festivals in the provinces? What did you discover about the culture
of the place you visited?
Share your experience by writing a travelogue.
Lesson 6
Coping With Technology
Skills in Focus
* Explain how stories are influenced by culture, history,
environment and other factors
* Make generalizations and conclusions based on a story read
* Show appreciation for songs, poems, and other listening
texts
* Compare new insights with previous learning
* Use modals properly in meaningful sentences
* Write a persuasive text using different techniques and
devices
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Dystopian fiction is a literary genre that depicts
futuristic civilization that is contrary to the writer’s current
way of living. It usually tackles negative views in the world,
like oppression, mass poverty, mistrust, and suspicion.
Authors use dystopian fiction to provide an out- of –the
ordinary perspective on pressing issues thet are often
overlooked and taken for granted.

Essential Questions
How do you like your current living environment? Is there
anything you would like to change in it?
About the Author
Ray Bradbury ( 1920-n2012)
was an American novelist, short story
writer, essayist, playwright, screenwriter,
and poet. He started to write stories
during the Great Depression when he
was only 11 years old. He is a recipient
of various writing awards, such as the
National Book Foundation Medal for
Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 2000, The
National Medal of Arts in 2004, and the Pulitzer Prize Special
Citation in 2007
Building Word Power
What does each italicized word mean? Choose the letter
of the correct answer.

1. The dogs in intermittent squads

a. incoming b. random c. numerous

2. A faint incense puttering from their exhausts

a. making soft, explosive sounds
b. moving in a casual, unhurried way
c. spraying or splashing
3. He stood entranced as the officer called him.
a. straight attention b. fidgety and nervously
c. filled with wonder
4. Crime was ebbing.
a. diminishing b. increasing c. widespread
5. Every window had a loud yellow illumination.
a. dull spark b. fading color c. glowing light
6. The citizens have regressive tendencies.
a. to advance b. to relapse c. to endure
Reading of the Selection
“ The Pedestrian” by Ray Radbury, pp.82-86

Understanding the Elements of the Short Story,

p.87

Integrating Values
In the story, despite the restraint put upon the citizens,
Mr. Mead chose to continue to be who he was. He took nightly
walks because it cleared his head and made him calm.
However, he was reprimanded because of walking in the
street at night. Such a harmless activity caused him to be
brought to the Psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive
Tendencies.
 What are other advantages ( pros) and
disadvantages
( cons) of technology?

Pros Cons
Grammar Awareness
More on Modal Auxiliary Verbs

Uses Examples
Strong obligation Students must register in the
first week of term.
All sales staff will arrive for
work at 8:00 a. m.
We need a visa for Japan.

Prohibition Students must not use the staff car

park.
Books may not be taken out of the
library.
You can’t come in here.
 Weak obligation; You should try to work harder.
Recommendation She really ought to wash her hair.
You might see what John thinks.
What shall we do?

Willingness, volunteering, I will definitely work harder next

resolving, insisting, and semester.
Offering Shall I give you a hand?

Permission You can use the car if you like.

Could I talk to you for a minute?
May we use the phone?
Do you think I might take a break
now?
Absence of obligation You need not work this Saturday.

Ability She can speak six languages.

You could get to my old school by
bus.
Activity 1
Supply the correct modal auxiliary verb in each sentence. Then,
identify its use in the sentence. Choose your answer from the word
box.
prohibition absence of obligation

possibility recommendation

strong obligation ability

probability permission

willingness complete certainty

1. We _______ get to the ceremony on time because our flight was
delayed.
2. The security guard knows that he _________ lock the gates at all
times.
3. My power chord is broken. The dog _______ have chewed on it.
4. Richard ________ pay for his tuition anymore. He got a
scholarship.
5. You ________ want to put on your sweater because it is freezing
outside.
6. _______ I pick you up tomorrow morning?
7. The delivery man ________ be on his way now.
8. You ______ never lose your key for it does not have any duplicate.
9. I need to go to the comfort room. ______ I please be excused?
10. I ______ be my sister’s maid of honor.
Activity 2
Write two meaningful sentences for each use of the intensive
pronoun.
1. strong obligation

2. prohibition

3. Weak obligation, recommendation

4. Willingness, volunteering, resolving, insisting and offering

5. Permission

6. Absence of obligation

7. Ability
Writing and Composition

Writing a News Article

A news article is a written piece that discusses current

and relevant events, people, places, topics, etc. Its purpose is
to disseminate information about issues that may affect
public interest.
A news article is informative and not partial. Thus, it
should objectively address the 5 W s and 1 H ( who, what,
when, where, why, how) of the story.
Parts of a News Article
a. headline or title
b. byline
c. lead
d. body

a. The headline or title gives the reader an idea about the story
he/she is about to read. Headlines are usually short yet catchy.
b. The byline states the name of the reporter who wrote the news
article.
c. The lead is a journalism term that refers to the first sentence/s of
the story. It is meant to encapsulate the topic or the story straight
forwardly and completely.
d. The body of the news article includes supporting paragraphs that
supply the reader all the information that backs up the lead.
Activity
Be a news reporter for a day! Review the events that took place in
the short story and write a short news article about the arrest of Mr.
Leonard Mead.
You may add the following direct quotes to make your article
more realistic.( pp. 92-93)
 Writing a Short Story Analysis
1. Explain why you chose the story. What is it about?
2. Talk about the new information, human conditions,
cultures, lessons, and values you learned from the story.
How has this learning changed your perspective about the
world?
What characteristics of the main character would you like
to emulate?
3. Do you agree or disagree with the author’s view of the
world?
Is there anything you would have changed in the story?
4. Conclude your review with a reflection on how the story
relates to your current status in life. Give emphasis on the
lessons you have learned from the story.
Unit II

Drama for Personal

Development:
Teamwork, Creativity,
and Leadership
Lesson 7 Many Facets of Drama
Skills in Focus
* Differentiate between classical and popular definitions of
tragedy and those of comedy
* Explain the meaning of closet drama, bourgeois drama,
melodrama, fierce, and romantic comedy
* Explain how elements of drama build its theme
* Employ appropriate pitch, stress, juncture and intonation in
reading a play
* Observe correct grammar in writing an argumentative essay
* Use patterns and techniques of developing an
argumentative claim
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Essential Questions

Building Word Power for Vocabulary Improvement

1. Drama
2. Playwright
3. Genre
4. Protagonist
5. Antagonist
6. Spine
Lesson 8
The Glorious Era of Drama

Skills in Focus
* Read closely to get explicitly and implicitly stated
information
* Explain how a play maybe influenced by culture, history,
environment, and other factors
* Evaluate literature as a vehicle of expressing and resolving
conflicts between and among individuals or group
* Use the correct sound of English when delivering
impromptu or extemporaneous speech
* Use words and expressions that affirm or negate
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Grammar Unit Old English Modern-day English
Verb ( 3rd person) holdest holds
Flieth flies
wasteth wastes
Abrreviated verb O’er over
Personal pronoun Ye you
Thy your
Subject + verb Press ye You press
‘Tis It is
Modal ( positive) Hath Has
Modal ( negative ) Canst cannot
Essential Questions
1.How is drama a reflection of culture?
2. How are teamwork and respect relevant to
drama?
3. What features in a dramatic piece identify it
as an example of a specific genre?
About the Author
Sophocles ( c.495-405 B.C),
great Athenian dramatist who,
together with contemporaries
Aeschylus and Euripides, was
one of the founders of Greek
tragedy. Only seven of about
thirteen of his plays survived, the best- known
being Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone,
and Electra.
Building Word Power

1. chorus

2. thespian

3. tragedy

4. scene

5. hypocrite
Understanding Drama

* The Origins of Theater – First Actor

* Greek Drama

* Greek Comedy

* Greek Tragedy
Oedipus The King
by Sophocles (496-406 B.C.)
 Characters in the Play
* Oedipus, supposed son of Polybus, King of Corinth; now
King of Thebes
*Jocasta, Queen of Thebes; widow of Laius, the late King, and
now wife to Oedipus
* Creon, a Prince of Thebes; brother to Jocasta
* Tiresias, an old blind seer
* Priest of Zeus
* A stranger from Corinth
* A Shepherd of King Laius
* A Messenger from the Palace
* Chorus of the Elders of Thebes
* A Crowd of Suppliants, men, women, and children
Part II
Characters
(pp.141- 146) (pp.151- 156)
Oedipus – Andrew Oedipus- Andrew
Jocasta – Aiah Jocasta - Unica
Leader – Esing Stranger - Glaiza

(pp. 147-150) (pp.157- 160)

Jocasta – Unica Stranger - Esing
Oedipus – Zcyan Oedipus - Zcyan
Chorus – Nichelle Leader – Glaiza
Jocasta – Aiah
Chorus – Keenwel
Shepherd - Unica
 ( pp.161- 166)
Stranger – Jomar ( pp. 171-174)
Shepherd – Nichelle Creon - Andrew
Oedipus – Keenwel Oedipus - Zcyan
Chorus – Aiah
Messenger – Andrew
Leader – Zyrel

( pp.167-170)
Chorus – Aiah
Leader – Unica
Oedipus - Zyrel
Reading / Viewing Comprehension
Activity 1: Literary Comprehension

1. What is the tragedy of Oedipus?

2. Is Oedipus basically a good person?
3. Who or what is Oedipus’ antagonist?
4. What is the role of fate in the tragedy of Oedipus? Can a
person avoid his/ her fate?
5. What is the irony in the play?
6. What is Sophocles trying to say in the play?
7. How is Sophocles’ Oedipus similar or different from
Shakespeare’s Hamlet in terms of theme, character, and
conflict?
Activity 2: Personal Writing
Try to analyze the characters from the play
Oedipus the King. Write a personal letter to a
character in proper personal letter form expressing
your interpretation of the character .
 9 Ways to Emphasize Important Points in Oral
Communication

1. Call it Out
2. Use Repetition
3. Talk Softly
4. Slow Down your Voice during the Point You Want to
Emphasize
5. Instigate Intense Eye Contact with Your Audience
6. Stop Moving around the Stage and Assume the Power
Stance
7. Sit Down
8. Make it the Climactic Ending to Your Story
Writing and Composition
Emphasizing Your Ideas

Three basic kinds of materials to be used in order to

come up with an utterly convincing literary analysis.
1. Statements expressing your own ideas;
2. Summarized, paraphrased, or quoted data or evidence from
the selection; and
3. Discussion of how your evidence supports your own ideas.

* Using the three materials provided in emphasizing ideas,

write a paragraph- long analysis of the character of Oedipus
as a king. Is Oedipus a good or a bad king?
Grammar Awareness
Using Words and Expressions That Emphasize a
Point

a. deeply – strongly; with much feeling

b. fully – completely; without any doubt
c. positively – without any doubt
d. really – strongly
e. sincerely – with best wishes in mind
f. strongly – with conviction
g. totally – without any doubt
h. utterly – without any doubt
i. very much - strongly
1. The blind prophet ______ refuses to reveal the
truth.
2. It is possible that Jocasta ______ regrets her
decision.
3. Oedipus _____ appreciates the help of his
adoptive parents.
4. The Theban elders _____ believe that Oedipus is
a good person.
5. The oracle in Delphi ____ suggested the solution
to the problem.
6. The children were ____ affected by what
happened to their father.
7. Everyone is ____ encouraged to read the play.
8. Our school ______ supports staging Oedipus the
King for the English week.
9. My teacher _____ rejects any late submission of
names for audition.
10. I am ____ convinced that I will get the role of
Oedipus.
Lesson 9
The Origin of Drama I English Literature

Skills in Focus
* Trace the origin of modern drama
* Explain how the elements of modern drama contribute to the
theme of the selection
* Present information using a table
* Read closely to get the author’s purpose
* Observe correct stance and proper correct behavior
* Use words and expressions that affirm or negate
* Compose a persuasive essay
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Interesting movements have occurred and major
dramatists have flourished through the centuries.

Literary Events in England

a. Church as Origin
b. Going Out Into the Streets
c. Introducing dialogue
d. Morality plays
e. Influence on Shakespeare
f. The Elizabethan Age
 Elizabeth I ( Queen of England and
Ireland, 1558-1603)
 “The University Wits”

Thomas Kyd, ( baptized

Nov.6,1558, London, Eng._ died c. December
1594, London)

Christopher Marlowe ( baptized 26 February

1564; died 30 May 1593)
 John Lyly, born in Kent in
1554

Robert Greene
William Shakespeare

Ben Jonson
*The Transition ( 1610-1640)

*End of Elizabethan Age ( 1642-1659)

Period of Restoration (1660-late 17th Century)

*Victorian Era ( 18th Century)

*The Theater in 1901-1945

*Twentieth- Century Theater

Activity
Event map
What happened

Where did it happen? When did it happen?

Elizabethan Era

Who was involved

in the event? How did it happen?

Why did it happen?

Challenge 1. Match the author in Column A with his
famous play in Column B by writing the letter of the correct
answer.
A B
1.Christopher Marlowe a. The Spanish Tragedy
2.John Webster b. Doctor Faustus
3. James Shirley c. Eupheus
4. Thomas Kyd d. Friar Bacon / Friar Bungay
5. Robert Greene e. Hamlet
6.Ben Jonson f. Every Man in His Humuor
7. John Ford g. The Maid’s Tragedy
8. John Fletcher h. The White Devil
9. John Lyly i. The Broken Heart
10. William Shakespeare j. The Cardinal
Challenge 2. Can you tell the significant event in
the given period of time?

1. Elizabethan Age :
2. The Transition years:
3. End of Elizabethan Age :
4. Period of Restoration
5. Victorian Era:
6. End of 20th Century:
7. 20th Century:
 Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation

- words which confirm or deny the action of the

verb
- They are: no longer, hardly, very, never, surely,
certainly, definitely, etc.
 Uses of Adverbs of affirmation and negation
Examples

1. Drama is no longer interesting to most of the youth.

2. The members of the drama guild in school hardly ever meet
one another.
3. She is not very active in co-curricular activities.
4. He has never seen a live musical.
5. The film starring Brad Pitt will surely be a box-office hit.
6. The best actor and actress should certainly get an award
for good acting.
7. They will play definitely start tomorrow.
Exercise 1 With a partner, answer the following questions
with adverbs of affirmation while your partner responds using
adverbs of negation. Take turns.

1. Have you been to a play at Cultural Center of the

Philippines?
2. Are you a supporter of performing art?
3. Do you make it a habit to read a book at least once a
month?
4. How well did you perform in the test?
5. Do you think Mark knows the answer to the question?
6. Did you study for the test?
7. Were you at the mall last Sunday at 3 o’clock in the
afternoon?
8. When do you think we could produce our own play?
9. Is drama on stage merely for the elite?
10. Do you mind escorting me to the prom?

Exercise 2
Write 10 original sentences using adverbs of affirmation
and negation.
Writing and Composition

Writing a Persuasive Essay

Collaborative writing
Lesson 10
The American Drama through Periods
of War and Victory

Skills in Focus
* Illustrate the development of the modern American theater
through concept maps
* Explain the various movements which took place in the
modern theater in the U.S.A.
* Read closely to get explicitly and implicitly stated
information
* Evaluate text content, elements, features, and properties
using a set of criteria
* Demonstrate confidence and ease of delivery
Sharing Prior Knowledge

*Early Century

* 19th Century

* Postwar theater

* The 20th Century

* Hallams were the first to organized a complete company

of actors in Europe bringing with them a repertoire of plays
popular at he time in London including Hamlet, Othello, The
Recruiting Officer, and Richard III.
 * New York a place where Hallams founded the American
company and opened a theater.
* Prince of Parthia, by Thomas Godfrey was the first
professionally mounted American play.
* Timothy Dwight IV “the Yale College President”
- urged by the American Revolutionary War to declare
that indulging in such activity means loss of the soul.
* Satires were fertile ground for such works, as evidenced
by the writings of Mercy Otis Warren and Colonel Robert
Munford.
* William Dunlap is considered by many as the Father of
American Drama for his significant contribution to theater as
playwright, translator, manager, and theater historian.
 * The Walnut – the oldest theater in America, founded in 1809
by the Circus of Pepin and Breschard.
*Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a famous example of melodramas,
adapted by Goerge Aiken
*Minstrel show features white actors painted in dark makeup to
imitate the skin color of an African or African- American
* Victorian “burlesque” – a form of indecent comic theater
mocking high art and culture became a form of farce in America.
* American rail transport – travelling between towns became
easy.
*Theatrical syndicate was formed in 1896 which established
systematized booking networks throughout the United States and
created a management monopoly until the turn of the 20th century.
Writing and Composition
Write a three paragraph essay on “ Why I Prefer a Play
over a Film ( or vice versa) “
Remember to have a beginning, middle, and end whenever
write a composition.

Suggested rough outline in making a personal essay.

I. Introduction
II. Reason/s
III. Recapitulation / Conclusion
Literary Selection
* This is a one-act play printed from Trifles. Susan
Glaspell. New York: Frank Shay, 1916.
It is now in the public domain and may therefore be performed
without royalties.

Characters:
George Henderson, County Attorney
Henry Peters, Sheriff
Lewis Hale, a neighboring farmer
Mrs. Peters
Mrs. Hale
Susan Glaspell
 Actors and Actresses

pp. 202- 207 ( Narrator)- Nichelle

County Attorney – Andrew
Mrs. Peters- Aiah pp. 212-216
Mrs. Hale – Unica Mrs Peters - Aiah
Sheriff – Zcyan Mrs. Hale - Unica
County Attorney-
pp. 208- 211 Keenwel
County Attorney – Esing Sheriff - Jomar
Mrs. Peters – Nichelle
Mrs Hale - Glaiza
Reading / Viewing Comprehension

1. How do you explain the tittle? In what ways does the

ironic, title of the play shapes its meaning?
2. What are the differences between Minnie Forster and
Minnie Wright?
3. Why doe the men miss the real evidence, and why do the
women cover it up?
4. In what ways is Minnie Forster related to the canary?
5. Explain the symbolism of the house, quilt, birdcage, and
bird.
Lesson 11
Comedy: The Lighter Side of Drama

Skills in Focus
*Explain how the elements specific to a genre contribute to the
theme of a particular literary selection
*Evaluate text content, elements, features, and ptoperties using a set
of criteria
*Detect bias and prejudice in the material viewed
*Read closely to get explicitly and implicitly stated information
*Make and deliver impromptu and extemporaneous speeches with
ease and confidence
*Compose an argumentative essay
*Use words and expressions that affirm or negate
 Comedy
-is a type of drama whose primary purpose is to amuse. It
is the opposite of tragedy in the sense that the main character
in a comedy usually meets a happy ending or the conflict of
the story is resolved.

Essential Question
How do you explain some unpleasant situations that, in
the end, actually caused you great happiness and relief?
Building Word Power
1. dazed
2. dub
3. uncanny
4. scatter
5. astonishment
6. soaked
7. atheist
8. plunged
9. dreadful
10.vaccillates
 Alice Erya Gerstenberg
( 1885-1972)
 Activity
* Reading of the selection
pp. 222- 240
* Answering Reading and Viewing Comprehension
pp. 240-241
* Group Activity
* Integrating Values
1. Do you have some instances where something
untoward turned to luck?
2. What is your idea of fate?
3. Does the “unseen” pertain to something supernatural?
More on Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation
Uses of adverbs of affirmation and negation
*Used to answer questions raised by others, “yes” as in
adverb of affirmation, “ no” is an adverb of negation.
*Tell whether a statement is true or false.
Examples
1. He no longer takes interest in his work.
2. The brothers hardly ever meet each other.
3. He is not very active.
4. I have never seen him.
5. He will surely give you money.
6. The soldier should certainly get an award for bravery.
7. We are definitely leaving tomorrow.
Writing and Composition

Writing an Argumentative Paper

Based on the selection that you read, write 3- paragraph

essay, with at least five each of adverbs of affirmation, and
negation, stating why you should or should not attribute “ the
unseen” to fate or destiny.
Lesson 12
Modern Play as Mirror of Life

Skills in Focus
*Recognize new techniques and features in the modern drama
*Use previous experiences as scaffold to the message by a
material viewed
*Evaluate text content, elements, features, and properties of
modern play, using set of criteria
*Determine tone, mood, technique, and purpose of the author
*Write a reaction paper on the play studied
*Perform certain parts of a play
*Identify with specific characters in a play
Thirst was the title play from a self –published volume of
plays by Eugene O’Neill, written in the fall of 1913 while he
live in New London, CT, just month after he had been released
from a sanitarium for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Essential Question
What sacrifice are you willing to make in order to
survive?

About the Author

Eugene O’Neill (1888- 1953)
Reading / Viewing Comprehension
1. What is the subject of the play? Was it effectively
developed?
2. How about its theme? Is it directly stated or
implied?
3. Eugene O’Neill has been known to include the
drama technique of realism in his plays. How
faithful is the play to realism?
4. How far would you go to preserve your life
amidst misery?
5. How is “horror” depicted in the play? What
specific symbols were used by O’ Neill?
Integrating Values
1. What realization about life expressed by
some characters has particularly touched
you because it is meaningful to your life?

2. Has the play made such an impact on you

that you have thought of making resolutions
to live more fully? Cite specific play part/s
that affected you to make such resolution.
Writing and Composition
Organize your ideas under Integrating Values for
a short write –up as journal entry.
Entitle it “What I Have Realized about
Life”, after reading “Thirst” by Eugene O’Neill.”
UNIT III Poetry for Cultural Appreciation
Reading and writing
poetry effectively will be parts of the great
achievements of
humankind.
Lesson 13 Valuing People’s Voices

Skills in Focus
*Explain the elements of poetry and how they
contribute to the theme
*Raise questions and seek clarifications on issues
discussed in the text listened to
*Give expanded definitions of words
*Use pronouns effectively in conveying ideas
Sharing Prior Knowledge
Below are two columns. Fill out the needed information
with your partner.
Reasons why I like Reasons why I do not
_________ (poet) like ______ ( poet)
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
 Rhyme is what gives a poem its identity and structure. It
connects the lines, creating a cohesive thematic bond
between them.
Black verse are poems that lack rhyme but they have a
set of rhythm and meter pattern.
Rhyming is what differentiates poetry from prose and
drama.
Rhythm and meter are elements of poetry that have to
do with the total number of syllables present in each line, total
count of accented or stressed syllables in each line, and the
tally of recurring patterns of two or three syllables.
 Stanza is a fixed number of lines of verse forming a
single unit of a poem.
Stanzas are usually made up of equal number of lines in a
single poem.

Couplet ( a stanza that has 2 lines)

Tercet ( composed of 3 lines)
Quatrain (consists of 4 lines)
Cinquain (consists of 5 lines)
Sestet ( contains 6 lines)
Sonnet ( a poet with 14 lines )
 Emma Lazarus is considered America’s first
important Jewish poet. Her sonnet “The New Colossus” is
engraved on the base of the Statue of Liberty.

The New Colossus

 Emily Dickinson was born in 1830 in
Massachusetts. She lived in almost total isolation from the
outside world and she is now considered, along with Walt
Whitman, the founder of a uniquely American poetic voice.

It Was Not Death, for I Stood Up

( 5 10 )
 Alexander Pope was born in 1688. His poetry often
used satire to comment on society and politics.

Ode to Solitude
Literary Appreciation

POEM LITERARY
DEVICE

SIMILE METAPHOR SYMBOLIS IMAGERY

M

#1

#2

#3
Population growth
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Neptune
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste It’s the farthest planet
the new one here. For more info, click here from the Sun
Awesome
words
Natural resources

Mars Mercury Venus

Despite being red, Mars is It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name
actually a cold place. It’s full Sun and the smallest in the and is the second planet from
of iron oxide dust Solar System the Sun
Population and the environment
Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is composed of
planet to the Sun hydrogen and helium

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is the biggest Venus is the second
planet of them all planet from the Sun
Human impact on the
environment
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear? Lists like this one:

1. They’re simple
2. You can organize your ideas clearly
3. You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience

won’t miss the point of your presentation
Succession in extinction

Neptune Mercury Jupiter

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Saturn is a gas giant
2000 planet to the Sun planet from the Sun and has rings

Pluto is now
Mars is actually a very Jupiter is the biggest
2005 cold place planet of them all
considered a dwarf
planet

Neptune is the farthest Ceres is located in the Earth is the beautiful

2010 planet from the Sun main asteroid belt planet we live on
Benefits of ecological research

Mercury Venus

It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name

Sun and the smallest in the and is the second planet from
Solar System the Sun

Mars Neptune

Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest planet

actually a cold place. It’s full from the Sun. It's also the
of iron oxide dust fourth-largest object
Population size and structure
Venus
30% Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mercury
10% Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Neptune
60% It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
Natural resources

Mars Mercury Venus

Despite being red, Mars is It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name,
actually a cold place Sun and the smallest one but it’s very hot

Neptune Saturn Ceres

Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is composed of Ceres is located in the main
from the Sun hydrogen and helium asteroid belt
 “This is a quote, words full
of wisdom that someone
important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”

—Someone famous
Physical environment
Mars

Despite being red, Mars is

actually a cold place

Mercury

It’s the closest planet to the

Sun and the smallest one

Venus

Venus is the second planet

from the Sun
Organizational hierarchy

Earth

2000 2010 2015

Venus is the second Mars is actually a very Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun cold place planet of them all

Venus Mars Jupiter Ceres Pluto Sun

A picture always
reinforces the
concept

Images reveal large amounts

of data, so remember: use an
image instead of a long text.
Your audience will appreciate
it
 Mercury Mars

It’s the closest planet to the Despite being red, Mars is

Sun and the smallest one actually a cold place

$ 20,000,000
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's
composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
Philosophy of ecology
Mercury Venus

It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name,

Sun and the smallest one but it’s terribly hot

Neptune Mars

Neptune is the farthest planet Despite being red, Mars is

from the Sun actually a cold place

Saturn Ceres

Saturn is composed of Ceres is located in the main

hydrogen and helium asteroid belt
Natural resources

Venus Mercury Mars

Venus has a beautiful name, It’s the closest planet to the Despite being red, Mars is
but it’s terribly hot Sun and the smallest one actually a cold place

Neptune Saturn

Neptune is the farthest planet Saturn is composed of

from the Sun hydrogen and helium
9h 55m 23s
is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000.000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
Energy flow in ecosystems

15% 25% 60%

Saturn Ceres Mars

Saturn is composed of Ceres is located in the Despite being red, Mars

hydrogen and helium main asteroid belt is actually a cold place
The cycles of matter

Venus Saturn
01 It’s the second planet
03 It’s composed of
from the Sun hydrogen and helium

Mars Neptune
02 Despite being red, it’s
a very cold place
04 It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun
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