Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Background
Production history
European market
North American market Overview
Manufacturer Audi AG
Press reviews
Also called Ur-Quattro
Audi quattro Spyder concept (1991)
Production 1980–1991
Audi quattro concept (2010)
11,452 produced
Audi Sport quattro concept (2013)
Assembly Ingolstadt, Germany
Motorsport
Quattro - A1 and A2 evolutions Designer Jörg Bensinger
Sport Quattro Walter Treser
Sport Quattro S1 E2 Ferdinand Piëch
Sport Quattro RS 002 Franz Tengler
WRC results (transmission)
Summary
Martin Smith (exterior
WRC victories
styling)
In popular culture Body and chassis
See also Class Mid-size car, rally car
References Body style 2-door coupé
Notes
Layout longitudinal front engine,
Bibliography
all-wheel drive
External links
Platform Volkswagen B2
Related Audi 80 (B2),
Background Audi Coupé (B2)
Powertrain
The word quattro is derived from the Italian word for Engine 2.1 L SOHC I5 (1980–87)[2]
"four" to represent the fact that the vehicle drives on all
four wheels. The name has also been used by Audi to 2.2 L SOHC I5 (1987–89)
refer to the quattro four-wheel-drive system, or any four-
wheel-drive 2.2 L DOHC 20V I5 (1989–
version of an Audi 91)
model. The
original Quattro Transmission 5-speed manual
model is also Dimensions
commonly referred Wheelbase 2,524 mm (99.4 in)
to as the Ur-
Quattro - the "Ur- Length 4,404 mm (173.4 in)
Audi Quattro in rally trim " (German for Width 1,722 mm (67.8 in)
"primordial",
Height 1,346 mm (53.0 in)
"original", or "first
of its kind") is an augmentative prefix. The idea of such a Kerb weight 1,290 kg (2,844 lb) to
car came from the Audi engineer Jörg Bensinger. 1,350 kg (2,976 lb)
Chronology
The Audi Quattro was the first rally car to take advantage
of the then-recently changed rules that allowed the use of Predecessor Audi 100 Coupé S
four-wheel drive in competition racing. It won consecutive Successor Audi S2
competitions for the next two years.[4] To commemorate
the success of the original vehicle, all subsequent Audi production automobiles with this four-wheel-drive
system were badged with the trademark quattro with a lower case "q" letter.
The Audi Quattro shared many parts and platform with the Coupé version of the Audi 80 (B2).[4] The
quattro was internally designated Typ 85, a production code it shared with the quattro versions of the Audi
Coupé. Its characteristic flared wheelarches were styled by Martin Smith. The Audi Quattro also had
independent front and rear suspension.[5][6]
Production history
The idea for a high-performance four-wheel-drive car was proposed in 1977 by Audi's chassis engineer,
Jörg Bensinger, after he found that the Volkswagen Iltis military vehicle could outperform other vehicles
when tested in the snow. An Audi 80 variant was developed in co-operation with Walter Treser, Director of
Pre-Development.[7][8]
European market
Audi introduced the original Quattro to European customers in late 1980,[4] featuring Audi's quattro
permanent four-wheel drive system, and the first to mate the front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout with a
turbocharged engine.[4]
The original engine was the 2,144 cc (2.1 L), longitudinally-mounted inline-5-cylinder 10 valve SOHC,
with a turbocharger and intercooler. It generated 147 kW (200 PS; 197 hp) and torque of 285 N⋅m
(210 lbf⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm, propelling the Quattro from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.1 seconds, and on to a
top speed of over 220 km/h (137 mph).[4]
The displacement of the engine was dropped slightly from 2144 cc to 2133 cc with a bore x stroke of
79.3 mm × 86.4 mm (3.1 in × 3.4 in) for the Rally car so that Audi could satisfy the 3-litre rallying class
with a 1.4 times multiplication factor. Valvetrain was DOHC 4 valves per cylinder (20 valves in total) with
an oil cooled KKK K27 turbocharger at 1.03 bars (14.9 psi) and Air-to-Air - Längerer & Reich intercooler
fed by Bosch LH-Jetronic fuel injection, generating 225 kW (306 PS; 302 hp) at 6,700 rpm and 350 N⋅m
(258 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 3,700 rpm.[9]
The engine was eventually modified to a 2,226 cc (136 cu in) inline-5 with 10 valves, still generating
147 kW (200 PS; 197 hp), but with peak torque lower in the rev-range.[4] In 1989, it was then changed to a
2,226 cc (136 cu in) inline-five 20-valve DOHC setup generating 162 kW (220 PS; 217 hp), now with a
top speed of 230 km/h (143 mph).[4]
Sales of the Quattro in North America began in the 1983 model year.[11] They entered the all-wheel-drive
market established by the AMC Eagle, the first full-time automatic all-wheel-drive line of passenger cars to
reach mass production.[12][13] The small Subaru Leone station wagon offered an optional part-time 4-
wheel drive system in the US market starting in 1975.[14]
The North American Quattro was manufactured concurrently and were of the same design as their
European 1982 model year counterparts (they did not include the minor cosmetic changes of the 1983
European model) and continued through 1986. Total sales in the U.S. totalled 664 units. The Canadian
market cars were identical to the U.S. version with exception of the speedometer, which was metric.
Official sales figures for Canada were 99 units, which included 61 sold in 1983, 17 sold in 1984, 18 sold in
1985, and 3 sold in 1986.
The U.S./Canadian cars were equipped with larger impact bumpers with built-in shock absorbers, like the
rest of the 4000/Coupé models. They did not have anti-lock braking system (ABS), but included air
conditioning and leather upholstery. Most of the 1984 and 1985 Canadian models came without sunroofs.
The remainder of the electric, suspension, and cosmetic updates took place at the same time as the
European cars.
The initial 2.1 L (2,144 cc, engine code "WX") engine for U.S./Canadian models included minor
component and engine control unit (ECU) changes, lowered turbocharger boost pressure, different
camshaft, as well as emission controls that consisted of a catalytic converter and lambda stoichiometric fuel
control that lowered power output to 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS). Other mechanical specifications were
identical to the European market vehicles. The WX engine was also utilized in Swiss and Japanese market
cars. Audi built 200 special edition cars in 1988 with the WX engine and analogue instrument cluster, with
everything else identical to the MB model of that year.
Press reviews
In May 1981, Autocar magazine road tested a left hand drive Quattro (registration number WBD 335W),
one of the first magazines to do so since it was introduced. Beginning with a photograph in the magazine of
a Quattro cornering hard on Pendine beach in South-west Wales, Autocar's Road Test Editor raved about
the Quattro's "thrilling performance" being impressed with its traction and acceleration particularly on wet,
greasy and slippery surfaces, noting that only the Porsche 911 could match its traction and acceleration in
slippery conditions. After extensive driving across the mountain roads of Wales, the Road Test editor
mentioned that while the 60/40 front/rear weight distribution can make the Quattro "tricky in extremis"
under very hard cornering, the editor wrote that "When Driven with respect, once you have learned its
ways, the Quattro is nevertheless magnificent, particularly through a wet and deserted roundabout or series
of open bends." The road test editor praised the interior's "comfortable refinement" and judged that its 1981
£14,500 price tag "is very good value for money considering its performance and the fact that its BMW,
Porsche and Jaguar rivals cost £5000 more." (In summer 1981 both a Jaguar XJS V12 and BMW 6 Series
Coupe on sale in the UK cost almost £20,000). Adding the caveat that in 1981 (and until summer 1983) the
Quattro was only available in left hand drive in the UK, the Autocar Road Test concluded that the Quattro
"is a vastly satisfying and enjoyable car to drive."
The car was production-ready and garnered a lot of acclaim from both the motoring press and prospective
buyers but due to the economic downturn of the 1990s, Audi decided not to press ahead with the project as
the demand would not outweigh the development costs for the model.
The concept car was unveiled at the 1991 Frankfurt Motor Show.[15][16]
The Quattro four-wheel-drive system used in the concept was a rear-biased design utilising a two-stage
differential distributing power front and aft through planetary gears.
The concept utilised carbon-ceramic braking system for improved stopping power. The car had a claimed
0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) acceleration time of 3.8 seconds.
It was reported that Audi was considering a limited production model (200–500 cars) based on the quattro
concept. However, the idea of production was scrapped in favour of expanding the company's crossover
range.[18][19]
At the 2014 Geneva Motor Show, Audi presented the new 2014 Audi TT Quattro Sport Concept. It was
powered by a 2.0 L four-cylinder TFSI engine generating a maximum power output of 420 PS (309 kW;
414 hp) and 331 N⋅m (244 lb⋅ft) of torque. The concept featured Audi's Quattro AWD system and an S
Tronic dual-clutch transmission.[22]
Motorsport
In 1988, the Audi Ur-Quattro driven by Audi Tradition Transmission 6-speed manual
driver Luciano Viaro won the 13th Silvretta Classic Dimensions
Montafon.[25] Wheelbase 2,204 mm (86.8 in)
Length 4,240 mm (166.9 in)
Sport Quattro Width 1,860 mm (73.2 in)
Height 1,344 mm (52.9 in)
Kerb weight 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Audi Sport Quattro
The car in competition form also featured a body shell composed of carbon-kevlar[4] and wider wheel
arches, wider wheels (nine inches as compared to the Ur-Quattro's optional 8-inch-wide (200 mm) wheels),
the steeper windscreen rake of the Audi 80 (requested by the Audi Sport rally team drivers to reduce
internal reflections from the dashboard for improved visibility) and, most noticeably, a 320 mm (12.6 in)
shorter wheelbase.
In addition to Group B competition in rallying, the Sport Quattro won the 1985 Pikes Peak International
Hill Climb with Michèle Mouton in the driving seat, setting a record time in the process.[28] 224 cars in
total of this "short version" Sport Quattro were built, and were offered for sale for DM 203,850.[4]
Sport Quattro S1 E2
The Audi Sport Quattro S1 E2 was introduced at the end of 1985 as an update to the Audi Sport Quattro
S1. The car featured an inline five-cylinder engine that displaced 2,110 cc (128.8 cu in) from a bore and
stroke of 79.5 mm × 85.0 mm (3.13 in × 3.35 in) and generated an officially quoted power output figure of
480 PS (353 kW; 473 hp).[4] However, the turbocharger utilised a recirculating air system, with the aim of
keeping the unit spinning at high rpm, when the driver closed the throttle, either to back off during
cornering, or on gearshifts. This allowed the engine to resume full
power immediately after the resumption of full throttle, reducing
turbo lag. The actual power figure was in excess of 500 PS
(368 kW; 493 hp) at 8,000 rpm.[4]
The S1 E2 made its debut at the 1985 Rally Argentina, with Blomqvist driving. This variant was successful
in the rally circuit, with Röhrl[4] and Christian Geistdörfer winning the 1985 San Remo Rally. A modified
version of the E2, was also driven by Michèle Mouton.[4] The S1 E2 would become the final Group B car
produced by Audi, with the works team withdrawing from the Championship following the 1986 rally in
Portugal.[4] The final factory cars of 1986 were rated at 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp).[4] In 1987, the car won
the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb driven by Walter Röhrl.
The car has a longitudinal mid-engine layout and a four-wheel drive system.[29] The car is displayed in the
museum "Audi museum mobile" in Ingolstadt.
Specifications:
Kerb weight: 1,000 kg (2,205 lb)
WRC results
Summary
Season Model(s) Driver Pos. Pts
WRC victories
Fabrizia
2 23º Rallye Sanremo 1981 Michèle Audi Quattro
Pons
Mouton
Hannu Arne
3 30th Lombard RAC Rally 1981 Audi Quattro
Mikkola Hertz
32nd International Swedish Stig Björn
4 1982 Audi Quattro
Rally Blomqvist Cederberg
Fabrizia
6 29º Acropolis Rally 1982 Michèle Audi Quattro
Pons
Mouton
Fabrizia
7 Rally of Brazil 1982 Michèle Audi Quattro
Pons
Mouton
Hannu Arne
8 32º 1000 Lakes Rally 1982 Audi Quattro
Mikkola Hertz
Stig Björn
9 24º Rallye Sanremo 1982 Audi Quattro
Blomqvist Cederberg
Hannu Arne
10 31st Lombard RAC Rally 1982 Audi Quattro
Mikkola Hertz
33rd International Swedish Hannu Arne Audi Quattro
11 1983
Rally Mikkola Hertz A1
Audi Sport
Walter Christian
23 27º Rallye Sanremo 1985 Quattro S1
Röhrl Geistdörfer
E2
In popular culture
A red 1983 Quattro was driven by DCI Gene Hunt (played by
Philip Glenister) in the television drama Ashes to Ashes (aired on
BBC1 from 2008 to 2010). Two cars were used through the run of
the series: the original, and a stunt car that was acquired for series
2. Both portrayed the same car.[30] The original vehicle (also used
in the Children in Need Top Gear crossover mini-episode) lacked a
sunroof which was present on the car(s) used in series 2 and 3,
hence a fake one was added for the sake of continuity.
The stunt
car was written off for the jump in series 3, episode 1 by the Gene Hunt's Quattro in the car park
of BBC Television Centre
director of that episode and used as a parts and interior shots car
until it was shot up in the finale, leaving the original car intact[31]
References
Notes
1. "25 Years of Audi quattro" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121023044743/http://www.audius
anews.com/newsrelease.do?id=211) (Press release). Audi of America Press Site. 22
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2. World Cars 1985. Herald Books. 1985. ISBN 0-910714-17-7.
3. Achorn, George (16 March 2005). "Audi Tradition at the Techno Classica 2005" (http://fourtitu
de.com/Audi_News_1/audi-tradition-at-the-techno-classica-2005/). Retrieved 3 May 2014.
4. "25 Years of Audi Quattro" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121023044743/http://www.audius
anews.com/newsrelease.do?id=211) (Press release). Audi of America Press Site. 22
February 2005. Archived from the original (http://www.audiusanews.com/newsrelease.do?id
=211) on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
5. "1984 Audi Quattro Treser Coupé" (http://www.motorbase.com/auctionlot/by-id/121425831
2/). Motorbase. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
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585/audi_quattro_sport.html). Automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
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gravel+roads,+over&pg=PP137). Popular Science. 215 (3): 90–91. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
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s/NewsArticle/AllCars/253226/). Autocar. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
19. Ireson, Nelson (10 March 2012). "Audi Kills Quattro Sports Car In Favor Of Crossover
Coupe" (https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1079589_audi-kills-quattro-sports-car-in-favor
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20. Paukert, Chris (10 September 2013). "Audi Sport Quattro Concept speaks softly, carries a
700-hp stick" (http://www.autoblog.com/2013/09/10/audi-sport-quattro-concept-frankfurt-201
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21. "Audi Sport quattro concept" (https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/pu
blic/pressemitteilungen/2013/09/04/audi_sport_quattro.html) (Press release). Audi-
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22. "2014 Audi TT Quattro Sport Concept Review" (http://2015carreviews.com/2014-audi-tt-quat
tro-sport-concept-review/). Retrieved 3 May 2014.
23. "Audi Sport Quattro S1" (http://gamma.nic.fi/~globe/rally/paradise/stat/car_b_quattros1.htm).
Rally Paradise. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
24. Holmes, Martin (11 July 1985). "The Sport's evolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014042
8204924/http://homepage.virgin.net/shalco.com/quattro_s1.htm). Autosport. Archived from
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25. "Audi ur-quattro and R8 e-tron win the Silvretta Classic and E-Auto Rally" (https://www.audi-
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26. "1983 - 1984 Audi Sport Quattro" (https://www.ultimatecarpage.com/spec/26/Audi-Sport-quat
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External links
Evolution of the models Audi quattro, 1980-1991: English (https://web.archive.org/web/2014
0104210949/http://www.audi.com/com/brand/en/company/audi_history/model_evolution/196
5-1990/audi_quattro.html),German (https://web.archive.org/web/20120701085708/http://ww
w.audi.de/de/brand/de/unternehmen/historie/evolution_der_modelle/1965-1990/audi_quattr
o.html)
Audi Quattro Sport S1 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7AQmgeMoM0A)