HOME GARDENS AS GREEN SPOTS – THE EFFECTS OF

HOME GARDEN ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH

AMONG WORKERS, CASE STUDIES IN
CITIES ON THE JAVA ISLAND

SAMUEL NANDA L.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
IPB UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2021
Home Gardens as Green Spots – The Effects of Home Garden on Psychological
Health Among Workers, Case Studies in Cities on the Java Island
Samuel Nanda L., SP., Dr. Ir Bambang Sulistyantara, M.Agr., Dr. Prita Indah Pratiwi, S.P.,
M.Si.

SUMMARY

Urbanization that continues to increase from year to year makes conditions in

big cities in various countries become increasingly dense and unorganized. The
increase in the rate of urbanization has also reduced the amount of land that can be used
as green open space (RTH), this is happening in several big cities, especially in Java.
Clearly, previous studies have explained that interaction with nature can make human
psychological and physiological conditions better. The difficulty of accessing green
open spaces in urban areas can be overcome in one way, namely by providing sufficient
land for home gardens. This study aims to analyze the psychological effects on
workers, with the presence of home gardens in urban areas. Sampling of participants
will be carried out by distributing questionnaires using the Snow Ball method from
cities in Java. The survey of participants was conducted by asking several questions
and filling out a questionnaire regarding the background of the participants, especially
in terms of work and psychological health conditions of the participants (stress level
and mental health level) which will be answered on a 5-point Likert scale. The results
of the questionnaire in the first stage will be analyzed for the level of validity and
reliability using Pearson product moment correlation (validity) and Cronbach alpha
(reliability). Data from the sample will be analyzed using ANOVA analysis or using
Repeated Meassured ANOVA.

Keywords: home garden, psychological effects, stress, feeling nature, Java Island
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HOME GARDENS AS GREEN SPOTS – THE EFFECTS OF HOME
GARDEN ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AMONG WORKERS,
CASE STUDIES IN CITIES ON THE JAVA ISLAND

SAMUEL NANDA L.

Thesis Proposal
as one of the requirements for obtaining a degree
Master in
Landscape Architecture

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
GRADUATE SCHOOL
IPB UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2021
 LIST OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD .............................................................................................................. iii

LIST OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... v
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... v
I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background .................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Problem Formulation ...................................................................................... 1
1.3. Reseach Purpose ............................................................................................. 2
1.4. Research Benefit ............................................................................................. 2
1.5. Research Scope ............................................................................................... 2
1.6. Research Framework ...................................................................................... 2
II. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 4
2.1. Home Garden ................................................................................................. 4
2.2. Healing Garden ............................................................................................... 4
2.3. Stress .............................................................................................................. 5
2.4. Stress reliever plant ........................................................................................ 5
III. RESEARCH METHOD .................................................................................. 7
3.1. Research Location and Time .......................................................................... 7
3.2. Tools and materials ........................................................................................ 7
3.3. Data Types and Sources ................................................................................. 8
3.4. Sampling Method ........................................................................................... 8
3.5. Study Design .................................................................................................. 9
3.6. Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 9
IV. BUDGET PLAN ............................................................................................. 11
V. RESEARCH SCHEDULE ................................................................................ 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 13
ATTACHMENT........................................................................................................ 16
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Classification of Aromatic Plants ................................................................... 5
Table 2. Research tools and materials .......................................................................... 8
Table 3. Types, forms, and sources of research data .................................................... 8
Table 4. Research budget plan.................................................................................... 11
Table 5. Research schedule ........................................................................................ 12

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Research framework ..................................................................................... 3
Figure 2. Java Island map............................................................................................. 7
Figure 3. Schematic of the research method flowchart .............................................. 10
 1

I. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
Urbanization that continues to increase from year to year makes conditions in big
cities in various countries increasingly congested (Houlden et al., 2018) and
disorganized. This increase in the rate of urbanization also reduces land that can be
used as green open space (RTH), this occurs in several big cities, especially in Java,
such as DKI Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Jogjakarta, and Surabaya (Budiman et al.,
2014). More than 20% of green open space in these cities has been reduced in a period
of approximately ten years (Budiman et al., 2014). As stated by Febrianti et al. (2015),
that only 12.12% of the area of DKI Jakarta is used as green open space (Febrianti et
al., 2015). This is not in accordance with the rules written in the Law of the Republic
of Indonesia No. 26 of 2007, concerning Spatial Planning (Article 29) and Government
Regulation no. 15 of 2010, concerning the Implementation of Spatial Planning (Article
36), that the ideal area of green open space is at least 30% of the urban area (20% public
green open space and 10% private green open space).
The benefits that can be obtained by having green open space are, providing a
place to do sports, social activities or activities related to nature, providing fresh air,
and making the environment healthier physically (de Vries et al., 2003), and mentally
(Douglas et al., 2017; Houlden et al., 2018). Maintaining psychological and
physiological health of the body is very important for people in urban areas with dense
population and heavy work demands. This requires each individual to do refreshment
so that they can return to work with enthusiasm and with a healthy body. Performing
physical activity significantly improves heart function, body flexibility, and emotional
state (Xie et al., 2020). In addition, social interaction is also very important for both
types of health. The more frequent interactions with the surrounding community,
indirectly also improves psychological and physiological health (Kemperman and
Timmermans, 2014; Xie et al., 2020). Meanwhile, when a pandemic occurs like the
one that is still going on today, activities outside the home are severely restricted. This
restriction results in very limited opportunities to access public green open spaces that
can be used as a means of refreshing the body.
The difficulty of accessing green open spaces in urban areas can be overcome in
one way, namely by providing sufficient land for home gardens. The home garden in
question is a home garden that broadly can provide the best place for both individuals
and families and componentally has plants that can overcome psychological disorders,
especially depression or stress due to the pressures of everyday life. Therefore, this
study will conduct a survey on the psychological effects of having a home garden and
the types of activities carried out in the garden to relieve the effects of stress on workers.

1.2. Problem Formulation

The formulation of the research problem is as follows.
1. What is the psychological condition of workers in several big cities in Indonesia?
2. How are the benefits and effects of having a garden in the house area on the
psychological condition of workers in big cities?
 2

3. What is the relationship pattern between the frequency of visits, duration in the
park, and the types of activities carried out?

1.3. Reseach Purpose

The objectives of this research are as follows.
1. Assessing the psychological condition of workers, especially in terms of stress
levels.
2. To examine the effect of a house garden on the psychological health of the
occupants of the house, especially among workers in several big cities in
Indonesia.
3. To examine the pattern of the relationship between the frequency of visits,
duration, and types of activities carried out in the home garden.

1.4. Research Benefit

The expected benefit of this research is to provide knowledge to the wider
community, especially the people of Indonesia, the benefits and effects on
psychological health of having a garden that is adequate enough to carry out outdoor
activities, in the home area. This is also expected to be useful for preventing the
emergence of psychological disorders due to stress during the pandemic.

1.5. Research Scope

This research is limited by the scope of the area and study. The scope of the area
is limited in the form of a home garden in each house in all cities in Indonesia.
Meanwhile, the scope of the study is limited to the benefits and effects of having a
home garden on the psychological health of workers during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The results of the study were limited to an analysis of the influence of the home garden
and the pattern of the relationship between the frequency of visits, duration, and types
of activities carried out in the home garden.

1.6. Research Framework

Java Island has a population of 57% of the whole of Indonesia, this makes Java
Island also the island with the largest number of labor force. The population will
continue to increase over time. With limited land to accommodate population growth
and also the development of each city, it has an impact on decreasing the quantity and
quality of green open space (RTH). The increase in population with limited land also
makes space for each individual to decrease, this also has an impact on increasing
stress, especially on the condition of workers. The need for space can be overcome with
one option, namely the use of private green open space (home garden) to the fullest.
Activities in the home garden by interacting with garden elements, especially plants, in
some literature are believed to reduce stress levels in humans. This will be studied
further in this study so that it can describe whether the presence of a home garden has
an impact on human psychological conditions, especially reducing stress levels.
Systematically, the framework of this research can be seen in Figure 1.
 3

Figure 1. Research framework

 4

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Home Garden

Home garden are described as a mixed planting system between vegetable plants,
fruit plants, spice plants, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants (Galhena et al., 2013).
Kumar & Nair (2004) previously summarized the definition of a home garden as a
concurrent combination of various trees and other plants, including pets, which are
partly or wholly used for household consumption (Galhena et al., 2013). In addition,
some experts describe the home garden as a multi-storied and multi-use area near the
family residence maintained by household members (Eyzaguirre and Linares, 2004;
Galhena et al., 2013; Hoogerbrugge I., 2016). Furthermore, it was also disclosed that
there is no standard definition of a home garden.

2.2. Healing Garden

Broadly speaking, the Healing Garden is an environment dominated by greenery,
flowers, water, and other natural aspects that reflect the owner or user, thereby creating
an atmosphere that soothes, rejuvenates, or restores mental and emotional health
(Vapaa, 2002). As part of the realization of a sustainable landscape, Healing Garden
has three main principles that are reviewed comprehensively. The first principle is
“human welfare”, which prioritizes the health and well-being of human beings; second,
“environmental welfare” which prioritizes the effect of environmental restoration and
the welfare of the surrounding environment; third, “economic benefits” which looks at
business benefits from the perspective of the landscape profession (Moh El-Barmelgy,
2013). These three principles are described in more detail by Marcus & Barnes (1999)
and refined by Stark (2013). Healing Garden can be said as a health promoter, this is
because Healing Garden is able to maintain a balance between body, mind, and spirit
in a sustainable manner (Barmelgy, 2013; Vapaa, 2002). Franke (1996) states that the
core of a sustainable landscape is health, from both a human and environmental
perspective, so the Healing Garden is included in the category of a sustainable
landscape (Barmelgy, 2013).
He describes gardens as a haven for humans to find a pleasant and relaxing
“escape” from the stresses of everyday life (Barmelgy, 2013). Vapaa (2002) explains
that the healing benefits obtained from a garden, especially the Healing Garden, are not
healing someone from their illness, but rather a reduction in stress levels and their
ability to provide a calming effect, so that people who appear physically ill as well as
those who look physically fit can benefit from this garden (Barmelgy, 2013). Overall,
Healing Gardens can be divided into three types, the first type is a natural sanctuary, a
place where nature including its contents is preserved, this can be found in urban green
open spaces, green trails, and urban forests. The second type is a meditation garden in
a hospital setting or in a health care center. The last type is a privately owned garden
or in another sense a home garden. This third type is agreed upon by most researchers
as the type of meditation garden or the type of Healing Garden with the best healing
effect, because the more often humans come into contact and interact with nature, the
greater the healing impact (Barmelgy, 2013).
 5

2.3. Stress
The rapid development in urban areas in Indonesia has never been matched by
the right spatial pattern, this has an impact on the emergence of various problems such
as environmental degradation, congestion, social crises, and crime, especially in big
cities. The phenomenon of sick city, sick people, sick world, arises because the city has
become a source of tension and stress (Jamaludin, 2015). A city that has a good quality
of life is a city that has green open space in accordance with the standards of its
residents' needs. The decrease in the quantity and quality of green open space in urban
areas will worsen environmental quality with increasing air pollution, land that loses
its ability to store water, causing flooding, increasing social crises including crime,
decreasing community productivity due to stress due to lack of interaction with nature.
and social (Jamaludin, 2015). DKI Jakarta Province, which has more than ten million
inhabitants, ranks 29th as a densely populated city in the world, out of a total of 1100
cities in the world (World Population Review, 2021). With a total population of more
than ten million, by 2020 Jakarta will also rank 6th as a city with high stress levels
(Christy, 2020). People in big cities experience stress because they face workloads and
demands, while in small cities it is because of economic problems, such as poverty or
difficulty finding work.

2.4. Stress reliever plant

A study by Kahn et al. (2008), stated that someone who experiences mild stress
feels more of a healing or healing effect from looking at natural scenery from a window
than looking at the same view from a screen or just looking at a blank wall (Kahn et
al., 2008; Marcus and Sachs, 2014). Most studies have also stated that experiencing
nature directly, making physical contact with all the senses directly, is irreplaceable
when discussing the impact on psychological and physiological health (Marcus and
Sachs, 2014). Hyun-Ju et al. (2010) and Fujita et al. (2010) stated that inhaling the
aroma of plants affects brain performance for the better, reduces dizziness, reduces
stress levels, and prevents depression (Fujita et al., 2010; Jo et al., 2010; Marcus and
Sachs, 2014). Even Oka et al. (2008) also stated that the smell of forage has an effect
on stress levels which can be seen from systolic and diastolic blood pressure in humans
(Marcus and Sachs, 2014; Oka et al., 2008). Because it has been proven that the smell
of forage affects psychological and physiological conditions, here are some examples
of a list of plants that can be used according to their classification (Qinhua et al., 2016).

Table 1. Classification of Aromatic Plants

Name Basis of Classification
Fragrant grass Generally speaking, fragrant
grass refers to aromatic herbal
plants that deliver fragrance
through the whole grass or the
ground.
Common Varieties
Lavender, mint, verbena,
purple perilla, sage,
parsley, spearmint and
cymbopogon
 6

Fragrant flower Fragrant flower refers to a type Sweet-scented osmanthus,

of aromatic plants whose flowers
deliver fragrance.
Fragrant leaf Fragrant leaf refers to a type of
plants whose leaves deliver
intense fragrance.
Fragrant root Fragrant root refers to woody or Juniper, asarum sieboldin
herbal plants that deliver
fragrance.
Fragrant wood Fragrant wood refers to aromatic
plants whose trunks and timber
can deliver fragrance.
Fragrant fruit Fragrant fruit refers to aromatic Citrus, vanilla planifolia,
woody or herbal plants whose
fruits deliver fragrance.
Fragrant tree Fragrant tree mostly refers to
aromatic woody plants, which
deliver fragrance through two or
above organs.
wintersweet, narcissus,
banana shrub, freesia,
edgeworthia chrysantha,
rose chinensis, fragrant
plantain lily, Chinese
wisteria, gardenia, orchid,
jasmine, magnolia flower
and sophora flower
Camphor tree, acorus
calamus and cajeput
and vetiver grass
Phoebe bournei,
cinnamon camphora,
aquilaria, agallocha
mango, grapefruit, lemon
and kumquat
Camphor tree, cinnamon,
algum
 7

III. RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Research Location and Time

The study was conducted on the island of Java, located between 6o50'44” – 6o55'44”
south latitude and 109o37'55” – 109o42'19” east longitude (Fajar et al., 2019), is an
island in Indonesia with an estimated population in 2015 of 149,162 161 people,
equivalent to 58.45% of the total population in Indonesia and also as an island with a
workforce of 56.76%, the highest among other islands (Wihastuti and Rahmatullah,
2018). Java Island has a land area of 132,107 km2 (Sholeh and Wibowo, 2015),
administratively has the following geographical boundaries.
North side : Java Sea
East side : Bali Strait and Bali Island
South side : Indian Ocean
West side : Sunda Strait and Sumatra Island

Figure 2. Java Island map

(Source: Larder, 2018)

This research will be carried out from October 2021 to March 2022 in three stages. The
first stage is the preparation of research proposals and licensing arrangements which
will be carried out in October 2021. The second stage is the implementation of a
preliminary survey, followed by the preparation of questions according to the character
of each home garden, and then quantitative and qualitative data collection is carried out
after the participants carry out the experimental procedures. The last stage is data
processing and preparation of results reports in the form of theses and publications
(Table 4).

3.2. Tools and materials

Tools and materials that will be used in this research include hardware and
software. The types and uses can be seen in Table 2.
 8

Table 2. Research tools and materials

Alat dan Bahan Kegunaan
Hardware
Laptop To operate software and process data
Handphone To fill out an online questionnaire for participants
Books and other literature To support secondary data
Software
R-Studio To process statistical data
IBM SPSS Statistics To process statistical data
Microsoft Excel To process statistical data
Microsoft Word To prepare proposals, papers, and theses
Microsoft PowerPoint To create a presentation file
Web Browser To make a questionnaire and support secondary data
Google Earth Pro To support secondary data
CorelDraw 2019 To design a questionnaire poster

3.3. Data Types and Sources

This study uses primary and secondary data. Primary data used in the form of data
obtained from the distribution of questionnaires (online). While the secondary data
obtained from the study of literature.

Table 3. Types, forms, and sources of research data

Data type Data form Data source
Geographical location Map (location, boundaries and area) Study of literature
Psychological condition of
Descriptive Questionnaire
participants
The benefits and effects of a Questionnaire and
Descriptive
home garden literature study

3.4. Sampling Method

Sampling will be carried out by distributing questionnaires using the Snow Ball
method. The sample population will be obtained as much as possible according to the
results of the distribution of the questionnaire (expected to exceed 100 participants
from all cities in Java). Participants (or can be called research subjects) come from the
study locations, namely cities on the island of Java. The participating participants are
the workforce with an age range of 20-54 years (Law No. 13 of 2003) who work outside
the home or inside the home and are not currently studying at school or university.
Participants will be described by sex and by age range (seven age groups, range 20-24,
range 25-29, range 30-34, range 35-39, range 40-44, range 45-49, and range 50-39).
54). Before the participants are determined, data will be collected first regarding the
psychological condition of the participants, the condition of the participant's home
garden, and the level of interaction of the participants with the garden, then they will
be grouped according to the required criteria.
 9

3.5. Study Design

The study will begin with a preliminary survey step on the condition of the home
garden and the condition of the participants first. The survey on the condition of the
participants' home gardens was only carried out online through a questionnaire that
would ask questions about the condition of the garden, the estimated garden area,
garden elements, types of plants, and the number of plants in the home garden. The
survey of participants was conducted by asking several questions and filling out a
questionnaire regarding the background of the participants, especially in terms of work,
psychological health conditions of the participants (stress level and mental health level)
which will be answered on a 5-point Likert scale (such as very good, good, fair, bad,
and very bad) (Corley et al., 2021). Stress levels will be assessed using the Perceived
Stress Scale (PSS-14) (Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, 1983; Huang et al.,
2020; Ribeiro Santiago et al., 2020), while mental health levels will be assessed. using
the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well Being (WEMWBS) scale (Chalmin-Pui et al.,
2021, 2020). Psychological conditions will also be observed before and after
interaction with the house garden for a minimum of 15 minutes and a maximum of 30
minutes. This measurement uses the Profile of Mood States (POMS-40) questionnaire
(Grove and Prapavessis, 1967; Mehler et al., 2021). Participants will also be asked to
take photos of the plants they like or interact with the most, and upload them to the
questionnaire. This will be done independently by the research participants.

3.6. Data Analysis

The results of the questionnaire in the first stage will be analyzed for the level of
validity and reliability using Pearson's product moment correlation (validity) and
Cronbach's alpha (reliability). Data from the sample will be analyzed using descriptive
analysis, in addition to using ANOVA (if the data distribution looks normal) or using
Repeated Meassured ANOVA (if the data distribution looks abnormal) for the results
of the stress level questionnaire (PSS and WEMWBS) in the group of participants who
do not have gardens with those who have gardens, as well as conditions before and
after interacting with home gardens (Corley et al., 2021; Oka et al., 2008; Xie et al.,
2020). The data processing application that will be used is RStudio with version R-
4.0.5.
 10

Figure 3. Schematic of the research method flowchart

 11

IV. BUDGET PLAN

The budget plan for this research includes all the research costs needed from the
preparation stage to the completion of the final research report. The total planned
budget for this research is Rp 8,200,000.00 (eight million two hundred thousand
rupiah). Details of the budget plan for this research can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4. Research budget plan

Unit Price Total
Num. Type of Work Volume Unit
(Rp) (Rp)
Preparation
1 Proposal printing 2 copies 20,000 40,000
Submission of ethical
2 1 time 100,000 100,000
review
3 Ethics review document 1 copies 50,000 50,000
Multiplication of
4 5 copies 2,000 10,000
research permits
Execution
Giving vouchers for
5 20 person 50,000 1,000,000
respondents
Compiling Results
6 Internet quota 6 month 150,000 900,000
7 Drafts and improvements 10 copies 150,000 1,500,000
Preparation of seminar
8 4 piece 200,000 800,000
results
9 Final exam preparation 4 piece 200,000 800,000
10 Multiply thesis results 6 copies 200,000 1,200,000
11 Scientific publications 1 copies 2,000,000 2,000,000
Sub Total (Rp) 8,400,000
 12

V. RESEARCH SCHEDULE

This research will be carried out for 7 (seven) months from October 2021 to April
2022. The schedule of research implementation is in accordance with the following
matrix.

Table 5. Research schedule

Year 2021-2022
Type of Activity
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Preparation
Proposal preparation
Research preparation
including licensing
management
Implementation
Grand survey
Questionnaire creation
Research implementation
Penyusunan Hasil
Writing the results in the
form of theses and
publications
Seminar
Final exam
Publication
 13

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 16

ATTACHMENT

Appendix 1 Psychological condition questionnaire

Google Form questionnaire link (https://ipb.link/ Efek-Taman-Rumah)
Google Form POMS questionnaire link (https://ipb.link/pomskuesioner-ss)
Note: All of this questionnaire are written in Bahasa

Study Objectives
The thesis entitled "Home Gardens as Green Spots – Effects of Home Gardens on
Psychological Health Among Workers, Case Studies in Cities on the Island of Java"
aims to determine the effect of having a home garden on the psychological health of
workers so as to reduce stress due to work.
Benefits for Participants
You will know your current stress level and will be able to figure out how to reduce
your stress level as a result. You will also feel the benefits when interacting with plants
in your home garden. In addition, your participation will lead to a conclusion whether
the presence of a home garden is beneficial for the psychological health of the
community among workers.
How will Participant confidentiality be maintained?
All information that you provide in this study will remain confidential and only
available to the researcher. During the research and after the program is completed, the
data will be stored securely in the researcher's Google Drive and no one can access it
except the researcher. The results of the analysis of this survey will be published in
national or international journals without disclosing or disclosing the identity and
personal data of participants. I, Samuel Nanda Blue, will be fully responsible for any
leakage of participant information in this study.
Advanced Information
If you need further information regarding this study, or other interests, please contact
me (Samuel Nanda L.) as a researcher, via number +6281227709513. If you have a
complaint against the research implementation and do not get a satisfactory solution
from the researcher, then you can contact the Research Ethics Commission of IPB
University via e-mail (etikmanusia.ipb@gmail.com).
Are you required to join?
Your participation in this study is completely voluntary and is not coerced. You are
free to not follow the next process in this study without giving reasons. Your
willingness to participate in the next stage will be indicated by the statement below.
 17

Personal Data
Efek Hadirnya Taman Rumah bagi Kondisi Psikologis Kalangan Pekerja
DATA DIRI
Nama/Inisial
Domisili (cont: Bandung,
Jawa Barat)
Jenis Kelamin Pria Wanita
Usia
Tidak
Pendidikan terakhir SMP SMA S1 S2 S3
bersekolah
Pegawai Pegawai
Jenis pekerjaan Wirausaha
Negeri Swasta
Pekerja Pekerja
Jenis pekerjaan (lanjutan) Wirausaha
lapangan kantoran
Penyakit kronis yang
diderita
TEMPAT TINGGAL
Di lingkungan seperti apa Perumahan
Perdesaan Perkotaan
Saudara/i tinggal? khusus
Rumah
Rumah
Status tempat tinggal Kos/Kontrak keluarga/
pribadi
kerabat
Berapa jumlah orang yang
tinggal bersama atau
berada pada tempat
tinggal Saudara/i?
Apakah terdapat taman
pada tempat tinggal Ya Tidak
Saudara/i?
Sebarapa sering Saudara/i
berinteraksi dengan taman ≤ 1 hari 2-4 hari ≥ 5 hari
rumah Anda?
Berapa lama Saudara/i
menghabiskan waktu di
taman rumah? ≤ 30 menit 31-60 menit 1-2 jam ≥ 2 jam
Bercocok tanam
Bersantai
Apa yang Saudara/i sering (melakukan kegiatan Bermain Berkontem
dan
lakukan di taman rumah Berolahraga budidaya, seperti dengan plasi
menikmati
selama ini? menanam, menyiram, peliharaan seorang diri
udara segar
merawat, dsb)
Pukul berapa Saudara/i
sebelum setelah
lebih sering berada di 9:00-12:00 12:00-14:00 14:00-18:00
pukul 9:00 18:00
taman rumah?
Seberapa luas taman
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 > 20
rumah Saudara/i? (m2)
Apakah terdapat elemen
Ya Tidak
air pada taman Saudara/i?
Berapa jumlah tanaman
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 > 20
dalam taman Saudara/i?
Jenis tanaman apa saja Semak Semak Semak
Penutup Perdu rendah
yang terdapat pada taman rendah (0.5- sedang (1- tinggi (2- dst
tanah (< 2m)
Saudara/i? 1m) 2m) 3m)
 18

The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS)

Skala Kesehatan Mental Warwick-Edinburgh (WEMWBS)
Tidak Pernah Selalu
Saya merasa optimis
1 2 3 4 5
tentang masa depan saya
Saya merasa berguna 1 2 3 4 5
Saya merasa tenang 1 2 3 4 5
Saya merasa tertarik
berinteraksi dengan orang 1 2 3 4 5
lain
Saya memiliki banyak
1 2 3 4 5
energi untuk disalurkan
Saya dapat menyelesaikan
1 2 3 4 5
permasalahan dengan baik
Saya dapat berpikir
1 2 3 4 5
dengan jernih
Saya merasa baik-baik saja
1 2 3 4 5
terhadap diri saya pribadi
Saya merasa memiliki
kedekatan dengan orang 1 2 3 4 5
lain
Saya merasa percaya diri 1 2 3 4 5
Saya yakin dengan apa
yang menjadi pendirian 1 2 3 4 5
saya
Saya merasa dicintai 1 2 3 4 5
Saya tertarik dengan hal-
1 2 3 4 5
hal baru
Saya merasa ceria 1 2 3 4 5
 19

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 14 items)

Skala Stres yang Dirasakan (PSS-14)
Tidak Pernah Selalu
Seberapa sering Anda
kesal karena sesuatu yang
0 1 2 3 4
terjadi secara tidak
terduga?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa tidak mampu
mengendalikan hal-hal 0 1 2 3 4
penting dalam hidup
Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
0 1 2 3 4
merasa gugup dan “stres”?
Seberapa sering Anda
berhasil mengatasi
0 1 2 3 4
masalah dan gangguan
sehari-hari?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa bahwa Anda
secara efektif mengatasi 0 1 2 3 4
perubahan penting yang
terjadi dalam hidup Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa yakin tentang
kemampuan Anda untuk 0 1 2 3 4
menangani masalah
pribadi Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa bahwa segala
0 1 2 3 4
sesuatunya berjalan sesuai
keinginan Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
menemukan bahwa Anda
tidak dapat mengatasi 0 1 2 3 4
semua hal yang harus
Anda lakukan?
Seberapa sering Anda
mampu mengendalikan 0 1 2 3 4
iritasi dalam hidup Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
marah karena hal-hal yang
0 1 2 3 4
terjadi di luar kendali
Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa berada di atas 0 1 2 3 4
segalanya?
Seberapa sering Anda
mendapati diri Anda
0 1 2 3 4
memikirkan hal-hal yang
harus Anda capai?
Seberapa sering Anda
dapat mengontrol cara
0 1 2 3 4
Anda menghabiskan waktu
Anda?
Seberapa sering Anda
merasa kesulitan
menumpuk begitu tinggi 0 1 2 3 4
sehingga Anda tidak bisa
mengatasinya?
 20

Thank you for filling out the previous questionnaire and thank you for following the
research procedures so far. Here are 40 statements about how you are feeling right now.
Choose a number on a scale of 0 – 4 that best describes how you feel right now.
Although some questions are similar, there are differences between them and you
should treat each one as a separate question.

ATTENTION!
You can fill in the statement below right BEFORE AND AFTER DOING
ACTIVITIES IN THE GARDEN OF THE HOUSE. If at this time you have not been
able to do activities in your home garden or relax in your home garden, please do not
fill in the statements below. After you have filled in the statements below, feel free to
do activities or relax in your garden for about 15-30 minutes. The longer you are in the
park, the more positive effects you will receive will be felt. Thank you.

Abbreviated Profile of Mood States (POMS 40 items)

Tidak sama
sekali Sangat
Tegang 0 1 2 3 4
Marah 0 1 2 3 4
Sangat lelah 0 1 2 3 4
Tidak bahagia 0 1 2 3 4
Bangga 0 1 2 3 4
Hidup (penuh energi) 0 1 2 3 4
Bingung 0 1 2 3 4
Sedih 0 1 2 3 4
Aktif 0 1 2 3 4
Sedang berada di tepi
0 1 2 3 4
(terpojok)
Pemarah (cepat marah) 0 1 2 3 4
Malu 0 1 2 3 4
Energik 0 1 2 3 4
Tanpa harapan 0 1 2 3 4
Gelisah 0 1 2 3 4
Tidak dapat
beristirahat/bersantai 0 1 2 3 4
(akibat kondisi pikiran)
Tidak dapat berkonsentrasi 0 1 2 3 4
Kelelahan (akibat kondisi
psikologis maupun fisik, 0 1 2 3 4
atau dalam kondisi sakit)
Kompeten 0 1 2 3 4
Terganggu 0 1 2 3 4
Patah semangat 0 1 2 3 4
 21

Kepahitan/Marah (akibat
0 1 2 3 4
perlakuan tidak adil)
Grogi 0 1 2 3 4
Menderita 0 1 2 3 4
Percaya diri 0 1 2 3 4
Getir 0 1 2 3 4
Sangat lelah 0 1 2 3 4
Cemas (terhadap suatu
kejadian atau hasil yang 0 1 2 3 4
tidak pasti)
Tidak berdaya 0 1 2 3 4
Lelah (akibat aktivitas
berlebihan atau kurang 0 1 2 3 4
tidur)
Puas 0 1 2 3 4
Sangat bingung 0 1 2 3 4
Sangat marah 0 1 2 3 4
Penuh semangat 0 1 2 3 4
Tidak berguna 0 1 2 3 4
Pelupa 0 1 2 3 4
Kuat dan sehat 0 1 2 3 4
Tidak pasti tentang
0 1 2 3 4
beberapa hal
Lelah (fisik) 0 1 2 3 4
Malu (canggung) 0 1 2 3 4