Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Qualitative Research)
1st Quarter, 2nd Semester
Practical Research 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1- 2nd Semester
First Edition 2021
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any manner
without written permission of the writer and consultants.
GRACE T. MACABABBAD
Secondary School Principal II
Good day, learner! This learning activity sheet focuses on the importance of research in
daily life. There are tasks that you need to do to deepen your understanding about the
importance of research. Strictly follow the instructions in every activity and accomplish the
activity within the given timeline. Before you start, sign the contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Reflection
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the K-W-
L chart below.
What I KNOW What I WANT to know What I have LEARNED
I thought that … I want to … I learned that …
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
https://owlcation.com/academia/Why-Research-is-Important-Within-and-Beyond-the-
Academe
Answer Key:
Activity 1: BOOST YOUR UNDERSTANDING! Activity 2: LET’ HEAR IT FROM YOU!
1. Students’ answer vary Students’ answer vary
2. Students’ answer vary
3. Students’ answer vary Activity 3: LET’S SHARE IT!
4. Students’ answer vary Students’ answer vary
5. Students’ answer vary
6. Students’ answer vary Activity 4: LET’S INTERVIEW
7. Students’ answer vary Students’ answer vary
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicable. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable
the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
Ethics in Research
Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper
or improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be
ethical is to conform to accepted professional practice.
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
MELC: The learner describes the characteristics, processes and ethics of research.
K12 CG Code: CS_RS11-IIIa-3
Directions: Explain briefly why the following processes in conducting a research are
important.
1. Select a general problem
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Review the literature of the problem
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Select a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES 9
4. Collect data
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Analyze and present or display data
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Interpret the findings and state conclusions or generalizations regarding the problem
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reflection:
Write your answer for the following:
1. I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Hi, dear learner! We are now at the stage of deepening your understanding on the
differences of quantitative and qualitative data to avoid confusion during the conduct of your
research. So in this learning activity sheet, your task is to identify and determine quantitative
and qualitative research in the given activities. This will clarify the differing philosophical
assumptions of quantitative and qualitative researchers. Strictly follow the instructions in every
activity and accomplish the activity within the given timeline. Before you start, sign the
contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Learning Competency
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Objectives
Data Analysis
Outcomes
__________1. Much attention to assessing and improving reliability of scores obtained from
instruments.
__________2. Unwillingness to tamper with naturally occurring phenomena.
__________3. Preference for statistical summary of result.
__________4. Preference for narrative/literary descriptions of procedures
__________5. Much attention to assessing and improving reliability of scores obtained from
instruments.
__________6. Primary reliance on researcher to deal with procedural bias
__________7. Preference for precise definitions stated at the outset.
__________8. Preference for hypotheses that emerge as study develops.
__________9. Preference for expert information (purposive) samples.
_________10. Preference for logical analysis in controlling or accounting for extraneous
variables.
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Answer Key:
Activity 1: UNLOCK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
Students’ answer vary
Activity 2: YOU DECIDE!
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Quantitative
4. Qualitative
5. Quantitative
6. Qualitative
7. Qualitative
8. Quantitative
9. Qualitative
10. Quantitative
Activity 3: SCAVENGER HUNT!
Students’ answer vary
Hello, learner! You are about to explore your learning/s on examples of research in areas
of interest of research. Just follow the instructions given for every task. Before you start, sign
the contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Learning Competency
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Answer Key:
Activity 1: ELABORATING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Action Pure Applied Descriptive Explanatory Correlation
E A, L B,C,F,G,H,J, D, E I
Hello, learner! Perform the different activities in this learning material. Just follow the
instructions given for every task. Before you start, sign the contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Learning Competency
1. What comes to your mind the moment you hear qualitative research?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. If you need to conduct research about your favourite restaurant in town, what method of
qualitative research is appropriate in your study? Explain your choice.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
22
3. Differentiate subjectivity from objectivity.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain the connection between subjectivity / objectivity and your research work.
__________________________________________________________________________
5. How is grounded theory different from other qualitative research methods?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Is the researcher himself / herself the data gathering instrument? Why? Why not?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Can all research methods be used in one study? Give reasons for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Pretend you are the subject of a phenomenological study. How will the researcher obtain
data through you?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Given the chance to research, would you right away choose qualitative research? Give
reasons for your answers.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. If you will do qualitative research about the area in which your house is situated, what
could be your research problem or topic?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reflection:
Write your answer for the following:
1. I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Guidelines in Formulating Research Questions
1. Establish a clear relation between the research questions and the problem or topic.
2. Base your research questions on your RRL.
3. Formulate research questions that can arouse your curiosity and surprise you with
your discoveries or findings.
4. State your research questions in such a way that they include all dependent and
independent variables referred to.
5. Let the set of questions be preceded by one question expressing the main problem of
the research.
6. Avoid asking questions that are answerable with yes or no and use the how questions
only in a qualitative research.
7. Be guided by the acronym SMART.
Hello, learner! Perform the different activities in this learning material. Just follow the
instructions given for every task. Before you start, sign the contract below. Good luck, learner!
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
26
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Learning Competency
MELC: The learner designs a research project related to daily life, writes a research title,
and provides justifications for conducting research.
K12 CG Code: CS_RS11-IIIc-e-1, 2 and 3
Research Steps:
1. Choose your topic. What are you interested in learning about?
2. Make a plan. Where will you look for information?
3. Take notes. In your own words, write down important facts and big ideas.
4. Cite your sources. Write down the places you found your information.
MY RESEARCH NOTE
Topic:
Details: These are interesting facts that Source: Where did you find this
support the main idea. Paraphrase each information? Write the title and
fact in your own words. page number of the book or the
name and URL of the website
Example: Japanese spider crabs have Crab Facts
legs that are 13 feet long. https://www.education.com/worksheet/
article/crab-facts/
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Answer Key:
Activity 1: EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Students’ answer vary
Activity 2: EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Activity 3: LET’S START
Students’ answer vary
Example:
Generally, this study aims to qualitatively assess sources of stress, signs or symptoms of stress
and coping mechanisms employed among high school students.
1. Establish clear relation between the research questions and the problem or topic
2. Base the research problem on the RRL. Convincing solutions to research problems stem
from their alignment to what the world already knows or what previous research studies
have already discovered
3. Formulate research questions that arouse curiosity.
4. State the research questions in such a way that they include all dependent and
independent variable in your underlying research work.
5. Avoid research questions that are answerable by “Yes or No” and use the “How”
question only in quantitative research.
6. Apply the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bound) in
formulating the questions.
Hello, learner! Perform the different activities in this learning material. Just follow the
instructions given for every task. Before you start, sign the contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
1. Make a list of some problems in your environment that need immediate solutions.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Choose one problem in the list. Based on this problem you selected, identify your research
topic, give or describe the justifications/ reasons behind your decision to do a research work,
and mention, too, the benefits and the beneficiaries of your research work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Formulate one general or “mother” question to reflect your research problem or topic.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Banking on whatever background knowledge you have about your chosen topic, formulate
five research questions or sub- problems that are closely related to the general question.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
31
Reflection:
Write your answer for the following:
1. I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Answer Key:
Activity 1: STIRRING UP IMAGINATION
Students’ answer vary
Activity 2: EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Students’ answer vary
Example:
This study is beneficial to the following:
Students. This study will help them know the factors of stress and coping skills that can help
them navigate through various challenges and problems in life.
Guidance counsellors. This study will give them ideas on how to help students respond more
appropriately to stressful predicaments.
Parents. This study will give them knowledge on how to deal with their children coping with
stress.
Future researchers. The findings presented may be used as reference data in conducting
related researches.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The scope of the study identifies a reasonable area covered by the study. A specific statement
of the study must indicate the subjects, the number, and the treatment involved in the study.
Example:
The study will focus on the stressors, stress symptoms and coping mechanisms of high school
students. The data collection will be conducted among 60 students with 10 students each grade
level in the STEM curriculum/ strand of Cagayan National High School, School Year 2019-
2020. The respondents will be determined using purposive and availability sampling. The
students who do not belong in the STEM strand of Cagayan National High School are not
within the scope of this research. The study will be done through the utilization of
questionnaires to the students as surveys and through conducting an interview.
Hello, learner! Perform the different activities in this learning material. Just follow the
instructions given for every task. Before you start, sign the contract below. Good luck, learner!
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
MELC: The learner indicates scope and delimitation of research, cites benefits and
beneficiaries of research and presents a written statement of the problem.
K12 CG Code: CS_RS11-IIIc-e-4
References:
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
An important part of research is giving credit to the sources that you use. This is called
citing your sources. A final list of sources used in a research paper is called a bibliography.
When sources are organized into a bibliography, they must be in alphabetical order.
Purposes of RRL
Your reasons for reviewing relate literature are true for both qualitative and quantitative
research. You re-examine written works related to your research for the following purposes:
1. To find out the connection of your research to the current conditions or situations
of the world.
2. To know more about theories or concepts underlying your research and learn from
them with respect to your own research study.
3. To discover the relation of your research with previous research studies.
4. To obtain information on the accuracy or relevance of your research questions.
5. To familiarize yourself with technical terms related to your research.
Standard Styles in RRL Citations or References
Three terms used to express appreciation.
1. Acknowledgment- the beginning portion of the work that identifies individuals who have
contributed something for the production of the paper.
2. References or Bibliography- a complete list of all reading materials, including books,
journals, periodicals, etc. from where the borrowed ideas came from.
3. Citation or In-text Citation- references within the main body of the text, specifically in
RRL
How to Write a Concise Review of Related Literature
Doing the review of related literature is not the usual enumeration of references.
Presentation of the data gathered should be by topic based on the given objectives of the
research. The literature should not be too detailed or brief. Text should be based on the current
edition of the American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association of
America (MLA) or the Chicago Manual of Style and other standards relevant to one‘s
discipline.
The references for each of the following styles may be seen and searched on the
following websites for references: (Note: You may ask your subject teacher to provide you
a copy).
1. APA:
http://student.ucol.ac.nz/library/onlineresources/Documents/APA_guide_2015
.pdf
http://web.calstatela.edu/library/guides/3apa.pdf
http://www.ecu.edu/csdhs/laupuslibrary/upload/apa_style_guide_6th_ed_oct0
9.pdf
2. MLA:
http://www.lib.washington.edu/help/guides/44mla.pdf
http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/MLACitationStyle.pdf
https://www.library.unlv.edu/help/mla_2009.pdf
3. Chicago:
https://www.utica.edu/academic/library/Chicago.pdf
https://www.mvsu.ca/site/media/msvu/StyleGuideChicago(1).pdf
4.Turabian/Chicago
https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/PDF/chicago_turabian_uwmadison_writin
gcenter_june2013.pd
http://www.otago.ac.nz/library/pdf/chicago-turabianstyle.pdf
5. AMA:
http://www.lib.jmu.edu/citation/amaguide.pdf
http://library.stkate.edu/sites/default/files/sites/citingwriting/citeAMA.pdf
In-text Citation
All reading materials related to your research that you intend to review or re-examine
offer you concepts, ideas, or information belonging to other people. Having honesty, respect,
or courtesy to the owners of these varied forms of knowledge as well as gratefulness for
their valuable contribution to the field, you see to it that the names of these idea owners or
authors appear in the appropriate sections of your research paper.
Other people’s idea incorporated in the central section or main body of your paper are
to be cited or referred to the true owners of borrowed ideas. Referring to authors within the
main body of the paper is called Citation or In-text Citation. As mentioned earlier, there are
different styles of citing information in a literature review. The two most commonly used
are the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style and the Modern Language
Association (MLA) citation style
The APA style is commonly used within the social sciences discipline. It follows the
author-date system of citation. This means that the last name of the author and the date of
publication of the work must appear in the text (e.g., Avilla, 2009), and the complete
Note: In the rare case the “Anonymous” is used for the author, treat it as the author’s
name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name “Anonymous” as the
author.
Commonly used within the liberal arts and humanities disciplines, the MLA format
follows the author-page method of in-text citation. Instead of the author’s surname and year of
publication, this style uses the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the
quotation or paraphrase in the citation was lifted, and the complete bibliographic information
appears on the “Works Cited” page. The author’s name may appear either in the sentence itself
or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the number(s) should always
appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence.
Examples:
Author’s name in text:
Palomar emphasized that (20-21)
Author’s name in parentheses:
This is given emphasis (Palomar 20-21)
Multiple authors:
This formula (Avilla and Santos 9) proved
… to be tested (Garcia and Reyes 24)
Organization as Author:
(National Institute of Chemistry, 40-42)
You have to take note that whatever style is used, you have to make sure that all the
sources cited, not in the literature review but throughout the research paper, should appear in
the “Reference” list for APA or “Works Cited” list for MLA.
LEARNING CONTRACT
AGREEMENT: By signing the contract, you are hereby accepting the responsibility to finish the
activity package and submit it to your teacher (____________________) on
(____________________).
Learning Competency
MELC: The learner selects relevant literature and cites related literature using standard style.
K12 CG Code: CS_RS11-IIIf-j-1and 2
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
39
Activity 1: TRANSFORMING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Directions: Use your research title as a basis in selecting relevant literature or studies
that will help you come up with a meaningful research. Use the space provided below.
Make sure to cite the related literature using standard style using the format given in
each box.
Activity 2: IN A BUBBLE
Directions: Identify and write down all the important words or phrases that come to
mind in relation to your topic. These are likely to be useful terms when researching for
your relevant literature. Write these words inside the bubble map graphic organizer. Out
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
40
of the identified words, formulate sentences relevant to your study using in-text citations with
the correct formatting according to MLA or APA.
Title/Topic
of your
Study
Reflection:
Write your answer for the following:
1. I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
Avilla, R. (2016). Practical Research 1 (pp 39-40). DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC
Baraceros, E.2016. RBS Practical Research 1
Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education
Websites:
Practical research 1. (2020). [Ebook] (1st ed.). Retrieved 18 June 2020, from
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/pdf-view/13028
PRACTICE PERSONAL HYGIENE PROTOCOLS AT ALL TIMES
42
How to do a literature search. The Royal Literary Fund. (2020). Retrieved 6 July 2020, from
https://www.rlf.org.uk/resources/how-to-do-a-literature-search/.
Library and Academic Success: APA (6th ed.) Citing Guide: Citation within a Quotation.
Library.georgiancollege.ca. (2020). Retrieved 6 July 2020, from
https://library.georgiancollege.ca/citing/citequote.
Library Guides: MLA Citation Guide (MLA 8th Edition): In-Text Citation.
Guides.library.unr.edu. (2020). Retrieved 6 July 2020, from
https://guides.library.unr.edu/mlacitation/in-
textcite#:~:text=In%2Dtext%20citations%20include%20the,list%2C%20such%20as%20quot
ation%20marks.
Answer Key:
Activity 1: TRANSFORMING LEARNED CONCEPTS
Students’ answer vary
Activity 2. IN A BUBBLE