GREEN

TURBINE
GREEN TURBINEtm 
 GREEN TURBINE™

converting heat into electricity

Governments all over the world are now introducing new

regulations, tax benefits and deductions for those that “go
green”. By setting these incentives, companies, as well as
homeowners are encouraged to contribute to a worldwide
quest to reduce the global CO2 emission. The US have set
their own goals, the Obama administration wants to bring
back greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent before 2050.
The United Kingdom is aiming to reach 60 percent by 2050 but
already wants to see real progress by 2020.

GREEN TURBINEtm fully supports these intentions and is putting all her
efforts into making this goal a reality.

While these current global developments are taking place, we see that
both consumers and producers are searching for more sustainable energy
alternatives, as well as aiming for more efficient ways of dealing with
energy, which are less damaging for the environment. In this regard our
product line, GREEN TURBINEtm, is fully consistent with the current
zeitgeist, despite the basic principle being more than a century old.
GREEN TURBINEtm is a small, lightweight, steam driven turbo generator
which generates electricity with a relatively high yield. In addition, the
turbine operates silently with virtually no vibration. GREEN TURBINEtm
has an integrated generator in the power range of 1-15kW. Commercial
turbines of this size do not as yet exist

 
Because of its small size (somewhat larger than a football),
and it’s light weight (approx. 9 kg), the GREEN TURBINEtm can be
used for a variety of purposes:

• Micro combined heaters

• Solar energy: the heat from the sun can be converted into steam
• Hybrid cars and trucks: the heat of the engine can be used to
generate electricity
• Biomass: biodegradable waste that can be burned as fuel
• Greenhouse heating whilst simultaneously generating electricity
and extra heat.
• Vessels: can use the heat from the engine and therefore have
cleaner emissions
• Heating swimming pools and at the same time generating
electricity
• Diesel engines/gast turbines in Combined Cycle applications
• Wood (pellet) stoves
The steam that drives the turbine, can be obtained by any type of fuel
including solar energy, waste heat from industrial pocesses and internal
combustion engines, thus greatly improving the overall efficiency.This
makes GREEN TURBINEtm highly suitable for the present-day renewable
energy industry. With combustion taking place externally, it is possible to
control combustion and therefore emission levels to a very high degree,
consequently helping to reduce the CO2 levels and contributing to a
cleaner environment..

As a result, our management believes that GREEN TURBINEtm will offer

customers one of the most cost effective and environmentally friendly
ways to produce electricity.

Waste heat recovery

Waste heat refers to heat produced by machines, vehicles, electrical
equipment and industrial processes for which no useful application can
be found and is therefore regarded as a waste by-product. The burning of
transport fuels is a major contribution to waste heat. Instead of wasting
this heat, we would be better off using its potential by coverting it into an
extra source of energy that can help increase the efficiency of an applica-
tion. This will result in saving fuel and/or energy for the benefit of our
environment.
Fuel savings is the most obvious benefit of waste heat recovery and this
is the key motivating factor for companies to invest in equipment to tap
their waste energy. Other than that, a reduction in fuel usage also results
in less emission of pollutants, which include carbon monoxide, hydrogen
sulphide and sulphur dioxide, to the environment. Moreover, emission of
carbon dioxide, which is a green house gas, will also be reduced.
GREEN TURBINEtm is the only CHP application that can convert low
temperature waste heat (130° C or higher) into electrical
power, hot and/or cold water.

When excess heat is being rejected, the efficiency of the ap-

paratus will decrease below 100%. When, for instance, the
waste heat from a car engine in the winter is used for the car
radiator, the efficiency will increase. In the summer time this
heat might be released via the radiator which will decrease the
efficiency. Unless a method is used to utilize this heat energy,
for example in the air conditioning of the vehicle, the efficiency
will decrease again. You can apply this principle generally in a
whole range of operations.

Waste heat can have a low temperature, in that case it is hard or impos-
sible to convert it to electricity. The only option is to use the heat for
space heating or water heating. Though this is not always possible, due to
economic reasons or too great a distance from producer to market.

GREEN TURBINEtm 
With temperatures of 130° C and higher, we can use steam turbines, such
as GREEN TURBINEtm to produce electricity. Practically no other energy
generator is capable of converting this low temperature waste heat into
electrical energy. In Combined Cycle applications GREEN TURBINEtm
can be used as a second stage turbine which will boost the total efficiency
once again. Scientists dictate that the conversion of heat into electricity
is more efficient when the temperature of the waste heat is higher. But
even with low efficiency the recovery costs can be substantial, as not
using waste heat always means throwing away energy!

As we have earlier referred to, when the temperature of the waste heat
rises, as in large diesel engines, the possibilities of conversion into
electricity is greater. Diesel engines dispose of high temperature waste
heat, often around 600 °C. The conversion of this high temperature waste
heat with GREEN TURBINEtm can give a very good return on increasing
the efficiency.

This utilization of waste heat can prove to be a good investment;

1 megawatt waste heat generates 110- 190 kWe. At a annual 24/7 base of
0.1 euro per kW/h will yield € 95.000 to €160.000.

Applications

Micro co-generation
Micro CHP (Combined Heat and Power) , also known as Micro co-genera-
tion, is a generic term for a large amount of techniques that can produce
heat and electricity for a house or small business. CHP is the use of a heat
engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and
useful heat. It is one of the most common forms of energy recycling.
Conventional power plants emit heat created as a by-product of
electricity generation to the natural environment. With (micro) CHP
this waste heat can be recovered and converted into, for example, spacial
heating which saves energy and reduces the CO2 emissions. Co-generation
plants are now producing about 8 percent of all energy in the US. Outside
the U.S. energy recycling is more common, with Denmark leading as the
most active energy recycler.

Micro CHP heaters

A domestic CHP heater is an alternative option to a normal central
heating unit. Contrarily to the well used central heating unit, it is driven
by heat-demand, delivering electricity as a by-product. This electricity
can be used within the home or business or fed back into the
electric power grid.

The current market for CHP heaters has not yet been fully realized.
Existing micro CHP products have high initial costs – between €10.000
and €20.000 – which make them less attractive for cost recovery.
Usually the units are quite big in size, approximately the size of a
refrigerator, which limits the application for domestic use. There are
other disadvantages such as the noise they produce, also the life span is
not yet fully proven which could in turn influence the life-cycle costs.

GREEN TURBINEtm has the following advantages over

other types of generators:

• the small size

• low costs
• silent operation
• less vibrations
• practical design
• long service intervals
• high power to weight ratio
• fit for all fuel types
• clean combustion, no pollution by lubricants
• very flexible in electric power type: AC, DC, 1 or
3 phase, voltage, frequency

GREEN TURBINEtm powered heaters will enable any homeowner or

small business to produce 100% of their heating and hot water needs
at a huge savings while generating up to 80% of their electriity needs.
Besides micro CHP heaters, GREEN TURBINEtm can also be used in
Combined Cycle applications in the range up to 25 kWe.
The total savings on electricity bills per household can amount to as
much as 500 to 900 dollars per year. It is very likely that energy prices
will rise even more in the future. Within 5 years of purchase, a micro
CHP heat with GREEN TURBINEtm will have earned enough to fully
repay it’s purchase costs.
GREEN TURBINEtm is also suitable for CHP applications in small and
medium-sized businesses. A 15 kW turbine is operating at 2,500 hours
/ year 37,500 kWh to produce electricity and also provide spacial
heating and hot water. At €0.1 electricity costs, the investment
is quickly recouped.

Because of it’s ability to efficiently convert and harness waste heat,

GREEN TURBINEtm is an excellent product to use in the current green
energy market. One of the difficulties renewable energy systems (e.g.
solar energy, fuel cells and bio gas) encounter, is that they produce a
great amount of waste heat which has a negative impact on the total
efficiency of the system. In these cases GREEN TURBINEtm can con-
vert the waste heat into extra electricity and increase the attainable
efficiency of, for instance solar energy with 10 – 20 %.

Hybrid/fuel cars and trucks

GREEN TURBINEtm can prove to be a valuable addition to a hybrid car
or truck. It’s steam turbine can extend the range of a hybrid car with 20%.
Approximately 75 % of the total energy consumption of a car consists of

GREEN TURBINEtm 
waste heat. This is a considerable quantity. GREEN TURBINEtm can collect
some of this heat and put it to use by converting it into electricity which is
an important money-saver.

In hybrid cars or cars with fuel cells, 10% of the waste heat can be
converted into electricity, as the following example illustrates;

A car, when driving on the highway, uses 25% of it’s total energy capacity.
This means that the other 75% is being wasted. A car that requires 30 kW
to be able to drive at a constant speed of 120 km an hour, will use 120 kW
(25 % of 120 = 30kW). The remaining 90 kW is lost to the environment.
GREEN TURBINEtm can turn 10 kW of the 90 kW waste heat into
electricity. This will increase the cars fuel efficiency with 33% from 30 kW
to 40 kW. In practice the car will not go at a steady speed of 120 km/an
hour so the increase will be likely to be around 20%.

The price for a 1-5 kWh application with GREEN TURBINEtm suitable for
a hybrid car , could be as low as 1200 dollar and would be able to achieve a
gross margin of 50%.

HGV trucks with diesel engines also produce a large amount of heat. Both
these and hybrid trucks can improve their efficiency when applying GREEN
TURBINEtm. The waste heat can be converted and used for the cars
heating and cooling system (incl. air-conditioning), lighting or other
electrical powered facilities available in the truck.

(Hybrid) trucks with a 15 kWh GREEN TURBINEtm application can achieve

a 20% fuel efficiency improvement. Such savings can make a
major contribution to improving both the automobile efficiency and
engine emissions.

Solar thermal application

GREEN TURBINE™ can use heat energy from solar thermal collectors,
solar panels and heat pipes to generate electricity for residential and small
commercial applications. The remaining heat can be stored for further
use or used for heating and/or hot water needs when direct sunlight
isn’t available.
A (60 square meter) solar thermal collector with GREEN TURBINE™ is
capable of converting 42 kW thermal energy into 4 kW electricity.

Cargo ships and inland shipping

Vessels with diesel engines suffer from a lot of heat loss since the engines
can reach an estimate temperature of around 600 °C. GREEN TURBINE™
can act as an excellent waste heat recovery unit to convert this heat loss
into extra electricity. For example, in a barge of 15-20 kWe GREEN TURBINE™
can be implemented to boost overall efficiency. The result is that the
engine doesn’t need to operate at full power and can therefore save fuel.
It goes without saying that the environment will also greatly benefit from
reducing these diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Wood-burning stoves and pellet stoves
A wood-burning stove uses wood fuel and wood-derived biomass fuel for
burning. When the extra heat from the stove is harnessed to generate
electricity with the help of GREEN TURBINE™, the remaining heat can be
used for spacial heating or water heating.

Diesel engines and gas turbines

Large diesel engines are an attractive market for GREEN TURBINE™;
given the average waste heat temperature of 600 °C. This results in a
good efficient conversion. As previously said, ships with diesel electric
propulsion can benefit from this. We estimate that in a 50KW stationary
diesel GREEN TURBINE™ application, would cost between U$7,500 to
U$10,000 installed, which would be significantly less than
other competing alternatives.

A Combined Cycle gas turbine plant with GREEN TURBINE™ enhances

the efficiency of electricity generation. The waste heat from the gas
turbine is used to make steam and generate the additional electricity.

GREEN TURBINEtm 
A brief summary on why Green Turbine would work for you:

• GREEN TURBINEtm is small in size, operates quietly and is

almost vibration-free
• GREEN TURBINEtm uses external combustion, making it
suitable for almost any fuel type, including waste heat. By making
the best use of waste heat, the efficiency of an application will be greatly
improved.
• Consumers that opt for a mCHP-boiler with GREEN TURBINEtm
have a payback of less than 5 years, while simultaneously saving
substantially on their energy bills. In the Netherlands the average
consumer consumes 2500 kWh of electricity per year. When using
a 28 kW micro CHP boiler
• GREEN TURBINEtm consumers would save 300 Euros per year on
their energy bills.
• GREEN TURBINEtm is the only energy generator that can
use existing waste heat to produce power (electricity), heat and /
or hot water. Therefore, no fossil fuels are needed to generate
heat and electricity resulting in lower operating costs.
• GREEN TURBINEtm provides the possibility to cut down on
power consumption, and at the same time significantly reducing
CO2 emissions thus contributing to a cleaner environment.
• GREEN TURBINEtm uses waste heat, so no CO2 is emitted. As
the the generator uses no oil or other harmful substances, this
results in a clean combustion. Most other generators provide no
real contribution to a solution for waste heat recovery; they rely
on burning fuel for heat and electricity generation.
• In an application of solar energy or fuel cells GREEN TURBINEtm
can be used to capture the generated waste heat
(with temperatures up to 800 C) subsequently convert it into
steam and electricity. Experts believe fuel cells will dominate the
market in the long term, because of their effectiveness.
• GREEN TURBINEtm is very suitable for Combined Cycle
applications. The turbine can be matched with a micro gas
turbine, such as the Capstone C30, to convert the collected waste
heat into electricity.
• GREEN TURBINEtm is able to stay significantly below the price
set by competitors because of the simple design. We can
offer industrial customers an attractive payback.
Specifications
The weight of a GREEN TURBINEtm of 2,5 kW output is approximately
9 kg, the length is 25 cm, diameter 19 cm. GREEN TURBINEtm produces
steam pressure of 5.2 bar (approximately 75 PSI) absolute, condenser
pressure is 0. 1 bar. By comparison, a home espresso machine operates
between 10, 0 to 15, 0 bars. A higher condenser pressure (0,25 bar) is
possible but output and efficiency would be somewhat lower.

The smallest size of the GREEN TURBINEtm will deliver 1 kW, the
largest size 15 kW.

The generators deliver 3 phase AC, frequency 2000 Hz. After rectification
the power is fed to a DC/AC converter, capable of conversion to the
desired output (e.g. 120 VAC/60 Hz)

The GREEN TURBINEtm is compact of size, lightweight and

has almost silent operation.

Now for the first time, by using modern materials and a design based on
techniques by De Laval and Curtiss, it is possible to create a turbine of this
size that can achieve maximum efficiency.

The high speed is about 30,000 rpm.

The steam is fed at high speed into jet tubes and converted into electrical
energy. The remaining heat of lower pressure is pumped back in a
condenser/boiler that provides a closed feed water/steam circuit. This
heat, released in the condenser, can be used for heating or
chilling purposes.

GREEN TURBINEtm captures the waste heat of an engine (via a vacuum-

sealed boiler that is inserted into exhaust manifold of the heat source) to
create steam which will spin a turbine to produce electricity.

The modern design (patent pending) does not need guide blades and
gears, increasing reliability and efficiency. Losses are further reduced by
using a near vacuum for the turbine wheels and generators.

GREEN TURBINEtm 
 GREEN TURBINEtm is a Research and Development company, established in 1997
Our headquarters in the Netherlands, while part of the development is achieved in the Canada .
Development of the turbine started in 2004. In August of 2008, a working prototype was completed and fulfilled the
specifications. Patent for most countries is pending (PCT application).
The development was completely funded by
GREEN TURBINEtm

If you have suggestions for the application of GREEN TURBINEtm, or if you would like more information, please visit
www.greenturbine.eu or email to info@greenturbine.eu