1/SIMALTENOUS INTERPRETATION: is when an interpreter translates the message from the

source language to the target language in real-time Unlike in consecutive interpreting, this way
the natural flow of the speaker is not disturbed and allows for a fairly smooth output for the
listeners.

2/ON-SINGHT TRANSLATION: activity in which one produces a first and final translation
on the basis of a one-time exposure to an expression in a 
The most common two modes of interpreting are simultaneous interpreting, which is
done at the time of the exposure to the source language, and consecutive interpreting,
which is done at breaks to this exposure.
Interpreting is an ancient human activity which predates the invention of
writing.] However, the origins of the profession of interpreting date back to less than a
century ago.

3/CONSECUTIVE TRANSLATION: the interpreter starts to interpret after the speaker

pauses.
Therefore, the time needed is much longer (possibly double the time needed).
Traditionally, the interpreter will sit or stand near the speaker
Consecutive interpretation can be conducted in a pattern of short or long segments
according to the interpreter's preference. In short CI, the interpreter relies mostly on
memory whereas, in long CI, most interpreters will rely on. The notes must be clear and
legible in order to not waste time on reading them. [  Consecutive interpreting of whole
thoughts, rather than in small pieces, is desirable so that the interpreter has the whole
meaning before rendering it in the target language. This affords a truer, more accurate,
and more accessible interpretation than where short CI or simultaneous interpretation is
used.

4/PRESS BRIEFING:  is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them
speak and, most often, ask questions. A joint press conference instead is held
between two or more talking sides.

5/ BOOTH:  is a chain of high-end supermarkets in Northern England. Most of its

branches are in Lancashire, but there are also branches in  and. It has been described
as the "Waitrose of the North" by sources such as The Daily Telegraph.[3] Booths has
competed on quality as opposed to just price and has been developed on the motto "to
sell the best quality goods in shops staffed by first class assistants".
6/PHONOLOGICAL FACTOR: is a branch of linguistics that studies how languages or
dialects systematically organize their sounds (or constituent parts of signs, in sign
languages). The term also refers to the sound or sign system of any particular language
variety. At one time, the study of phonology only related to the study of the systems
of phonemes in spoken languages. Now it may relate to

7/CONTEXTUAL FACTOR:  is based on a constructivist theory of teaching and

learning] Learning takes place when teachers are able to present information in such a
way that students are able to construct meaning based on their own experiences.
Contextual learning experiences include internships, service learning and study
abroad programs]
Contextual learning has the following characteristics:

8/IDIOMS: is a phrase or expression that typically presents a figurative, non-

literal meaning attached to the phrase; but some phrases become figurative idioms
while retaining the literal meaning of the phrase. Categorized as formulaic language, an
idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning.I Idioms occur frequently
in all languages; in English alone there are an estimated twenty-five thousand idiomatic
expressions.

9/NOVICE:  is a person who has entered a religious order and is under probation, before
taking vows. A novice can also refer to a person who is entering a profession with no
prior experience.

10/CREVICES: efers to corrosion occurring in confined spaces to which the access of

the working fluid from the environment is limited. These spaces are generally called
crevices. Examples of crevices are gaps and contact areas between parts, under
gaskets or seals, inside cracks and seams, spaces filled with deposits and under sludge
piles.[1][2]

 is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood,

11/AXE:

to harvest timber, as a weapon, and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. The axe has

many forms and specialised uses but generally consists of an axe head with a handle,
or helve.
Before the modern axe, the stone-age hand axe without a handle was used from 1.5
million years BP. Hafted axes (those with a handle) date only from 6000 BC. The
earliest examples of handled axes have heads of stone with some form of wooden
handle attached (hafted) in a method to suit the available materials and use. Axes made
of copper, bronze, iron and steel appeared as these technologies developed.
12/PROFIENCEY: is the ability of an individual to use language with a level of accuracy
that transfers meaning in production and comprehension. There is no singular definition
of language proficiency, however, and this has implications for its application in other
language domains such as literacy, testing, endangered languages, language
impairment, etc. There is little consistency as to how different organizations classify it.
Native-level fluency is estimated to require a lexicon between 20,000 and 40,000 words,
but basic conversational fluency might require as few as 3,000 words. [1]
13/ORTHEOGRAPHICFACTOR:
is largely concerned with matters of spelling, and in particular the
relationship between phonemes and graphemes in a language.[4][5] Other elements that
may be considered part of orthography include hyphenation, capitalization, word
breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.[6] Orthography thus describes or defines the set of
symbols used in writing a language, and the rules regarding how to use those symbols.

14/SYNTANTIC TRANSLATION: refers to a method of compiler implementation where

the source language translation is completely driven by the parser.
A common method of syntax-directed translation is translating a string into a sequence
of actions by attaching one such action to each rule of a grammar.[1] Thus, parsing a
string of the grammar produces a sequence of rule applications. SDT provides a simple
way to attach semantics to any such syntax.
15/BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES: an be unidirectional, meaning that they list the
meanings of words of one language in another, or can be bidirectional, allowing
translation to and from both languages. Bidirectional bilingual dictionaries usually
consist of two sections, each listing words and phrases of one language alphabetically
along with their translation. In addition to the translation, a bilingual dictionary usually
indicates the part of speech, gender, verb type, declension model and other
grammatical clues to help a non-native speaker use the word. Other features
sometimes present in bilingual dictionaries are lists of phrases, usage and style guides,
verb tables, maps and grammar references. In contrast to the bilingual dictionary,
a monolingual dictionary defines words and phrases instead of translating them.