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AFES Storage Tank Foundation Design Guidedoc PDF Free
AFES Storage Tank Foundation Design Guidedoc PDF Free
PURPOSE
This practice establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of Tank foundations using
AFES (Automatic Foundation Engineering System). AFES can design Tank foundations as either soil- or pile-
supported footings.
CONTENTS
This practice comprises the following:
FOUNDATION TYPES
Types of foundations normally considered as are the following:
Gravel ring walls supporting the tank shell.
Concrete ring walls supporting the tank shell.
Concrete mat on grade supporting the entire tank.
Concrete mat on piles supporting the entire tank.
Concrete rib beams and mat foundation for cold storage tanks.
Concrete mat and heating coils for cold storage tanks.
Foundation type to be utilized depends on the design requirements, type of tank, tank dimensions, soil and site
conditions, environmental conditions, material availability, local codes, and Client requirements.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Design data sample for equipment is shown below based from actual projects. This equipment is a Exchanger
supported by rectangular shape foundation.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Assumptions:
The center to center diameter of ring wall is equal to the nominal tank diameter. If not applicable, an alternate
foundation type shall be used.
Bottom Plate Weight = γ steel x Bottom Plate Thickness x Bottom Plate Area
2 xW
t.cal = t.min = 300 mm
q x H − 2 x h x (γ c − γ s )
γ s 1 x h1 + γ s 2 x h2
γs =
h1 + h2
Where:
q = unit weight of Tank fluid
γ c = unitweight of concrete
h1, h2 : Filling material height of ring wall
γ s 1, γ s 2 : unitweight of soil under Tank
W = weight of Tank shell plus the tributary weight of a cone perimeter of circumference
N = thickness of Tank shell plate
H = height of Tank
h = height of Ring wall
D = tan k diameter
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The first step is to enter project specific items. These items include general data, client data and Job
data about a project. General data includes project No. Project Name, Client Name, Site Name, any
more. The client data includes your client manager name, e-mail, number of telephone and fax,
address. Job data includes assigned engineer, supervisor, duration of project, project rate that values
the program needs to use for the specific project.
The Project Number and Structure Name entered in Project Information will display as a menu header
Note: General Data should be input. This data needs to use for the specific project.
To open the existing project, or create a new project, Click on the “New/Open Project” from Top
toolbar menu
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Or
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Setting of constants options include design information that AFES needs in order to design a
foundation. This includes a number of parameters such as design code, safety factor, bearing
capacity of soil, capacity of pile, material and unit weight, clear cover, allowable increase of soil,
allowable increase of pile, strength reduction factors, supports and anchor bolt options.
In case of New project, set all design parameters from the “Setting of Constant” form.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Every input and output data can be saved in AFES Data Base according to projects, which
provide work efficiency in control over project information. An engineer is able to create a file
for a new project, reuse data from projects conducted previously, or eliminate old and useless
data for the user’s own sake.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
This function enables us to export load combination data that was saved in text file in AFES program.
After exporting the file, it will be available for import in this program.
Export Load Combination before assigning group otherwise they will be deleted.
Click OK button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Click Export button.
Choose directory to save file, assign file name then click Save button.
The Assign Foundation Grouping command is used for assigning group for models with multi-
foundations. This is very important because it eliminates repetitions of commands. Foundations with
the same load combinations are recommended to join in one group.
The foundation modules in red box shown in above figure are normally used for Storage Tanks. At
the end of this step, we will create the structure as shown below.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Click Assign Foundation Grouping button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The Feature Data (Dimension) command is used to define the dimensions and other parameters
necessary for the foundation and piers.
Plan footing dimensions should be in even 2 inch (50 mm) increments. The footing thickness shall be
12 inches (300 mm) minimum and thickened in 4 inch(=100 mm) increments. Size for both footings
should normally be the same.
The footing thickness adequate for embedment of pier or column reinforcement should be checked in
accordance with Building Code. If top tension exists, the footing thickness shall be checked in
accordance with Building Code.
For thin footings with a large concentrated pier moment, the possibility of the moment increasing the
punching shear should be considered similar to the way it would be for slabs (refer to Building Code).
Engineering judgment should be used in deciding when this might be applicable.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
<Footing tab>
<Pier tab>
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier.
Click Save button.
<Footing tab>
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
<Pier tab>
Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier.
Click Save button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
<Footing tab>
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
<Pier tab>
Enter values as shown in the Feature form for Footing and Pier. Note that only Grout
Thickness is activated.
Click Save button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The Reinforcement Data command is used to assign bar sizes and spacing for piers and footings.
Reinforcement bar sizes depend on the design code designated in the Setting of Constant command.
Set of bar array options are available in the Footing option. The arrangement of footing bars are
parallel to the X and Y axis except for Tank1 and Tank2 Ring type modules which are in radial and
longitudinal directions.
From the main tool bar, click the “Reinforcement data” button. Reinforcement data form will
appear as shown in below figure.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Tank1 Foundation with Ring Wall Pier
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Select Save then Close button.
Select Pier tab.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double
layer arrangement are presented.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The Pile Data command is used to layout and assign piles in the foundation. Regular pile
arrangements are available for circular or rectangular arrays.
This function is activated only when the selected type is Pile fdn. in the Assign Foundation Grouping
command. Define pile features first before proceeding to this function in the Setting of Constant
command.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Repeat above steps in creating new circular pile array arrangement then click “Add Draw” to include to defined
pile arrangement.
The Load Case/Combination command is used to define, add, edit or delete load cases and
combinations.
Assigned load cases can be combined with factors in accordance with a few design methods and
specifications. Mainly applied load combinations are Allowable Strength Load Combination and
Ultimate Load Combination. Combinations by Allowable Strength Design are normally applied with
1.0 factored value.
The purpose of the combinations is to take into account soil bearing capacity, sliding, overturning,
uplift check, and pile capacity check for a pile supported foundation.
Combinations referring to Ultimate Strength Design are used for footing reinforcement, pier design,
one way shear check, and taking different factors for various cases.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Below are load cases and load combinations usually used for Horizontal Vessel and Exchanger
footing based from Building code. Load cases definitions are also discussed for further information.
These are also based from our actual projects.
DESIGN LOADS
The following design loads shall be considered for design of the foundations.
The empty weight is defined as the in-place weight of the completed exchanger/vessel (De1) plus the
weight of internals, piping, insulation, and ladders and platforms, but excluding the weights of fluids or
products which will be placed in the exchanger/vessel during operation. This information is taken from
the vessel/exchanger drawings/data sheets and planning study drawings.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
wind loads and the loads shown on the equipment drawings, coordinate with the Mechanical Discipline
for resolution.
LOAD COMBINATIONS
(g) 1.2 Dt
The load factors shown above are based on ACI 318, except for load combinations (c) and (e), which are
based on the slightly more conservative requirements of IBC 2000. Also, in load combination (g), the
factor of 1.2 is used (instead of 1.4) due to the transient nature of hydrotesting conditions. The load
combinations 0.9D ± (1.6W or 1.0E), as listed in ACI 318, do not need to be considered since they are
covered by load combinations (b) and (c).
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Wind load is calculated in accordance with ASCE 7-98 (including the directionality factor) and seismic
load is calculated in accordance with IBC 2000 (based on strength-level methods, rather than service-
level). If wind load is calculated using another code which does not include the wind directionality
factor, the load factors for wind in the various load combinations should be reduced appropriately.
Similarly, for service-level seismic loads based on another code, the seismic load factors should be
increased as appropriate. (See Section R9.2 of ACI 318 for guidance.)
The weight of the foundation and of the soil on top of the foundation shall be included as dead load in all
of these load combinations.
You can actually create new load combinations through the Load Combination button but in this
example, we will use Import command.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
A warning message will appear as shown.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Equipment data is essential for Storage Tank Foundations. Empty load is used to determine required
ring wall thickness to be compared to the minimum allowed. Nevertheless, the input load values for
the Empty, Operation and testing weights may need to be entered again in the load case tables as they
have no direct links. Tank dimensions and soil parameters including of the backfill materials are also
necessary.
Figure 1: Sample equipment input data for a certain equipment type normally used for Storage Tanks.
AFES executes Foundation Analysis and Design according to design standards widely accepted. It is
assumed that all external forces are loaded at the center of the piers and the connection between the
pier and the footing is considered to be rigid enough to carry those forces. Strength, stability and
sectional design of components of footing, pier, corbels and tie girders are properly examined.
The design codes of AFES support ACI318-99, 02, BS 8110, Korean, AIJ-WSD99, CP-65 and IS456
(2000).
Click on the Foundation Analysis/Design button to be able to start analysis and design.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
For through discussion on setting other functions such as General, Temperature and
Shrinkage/Stability, Tank Design, Detail Report Option and Contents, you may refer to help menu.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
BOM functions are used for estimate of earthworks including other related items such as excavation,
backfill, disposal, concrete, lean concrete, crushed stone, grout, formworks, protection materials,
anchor bolts and steel reinforcements.
Options for BOM take off for active structure and all structures in a project is supported.
From Design menu, select Quantity (BOM) then Take off BOM 3D.
Click OK button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The Bill of Material form will display as shown below.
From Design menu, select Quantity (BOM) then Take off BOM 3D (All Structure).
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Set parameters from the Afes – Bill of Material form.
Click OK button.
Check structures to include BOM Take off calculation from the form below.
Click OK button.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
The Bill of Material form will display as shown below.
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Construction Drawing
The Export DXF File command is used to export the drawing files made from AFES to other
programs such as AutoCAD and MicroStation. Standard drawings are already set up for various
design codes.
The program will create the DWG or DXF file format and display a construction drawing through a
viewer.
The drawing report consists of the Standards, Layout and Drawing detail including plan and sections
of foundation with reinforcement schedules. You can set from this command the drawing preferences
to be utilized before exporting to AutoCAD.
<Tank1>
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
<Tank1Block>
<Tank1 Ring>
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Storage Tank Foundation Analysis and Design Guide
Today, plant design works involve many design parts, modeling objects from each part allows other
parts to assess those object on their work process helping streamlining the work process through
project completion. A 3D foundation model of the objects designed by various design parts
effectively communicates the geometric design data. Therefore automating the work process from
design to 3D modeling forms an integral component of reducing overall project cost. With our design
to modeling interface from AFES to Frameworks Plus, you will experience significant productivity.
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