FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM
EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

 Mons pubis/
Veneris- is mound
of fatty tissue
that covers the
symphysis
pubis- at puberty,
mons pubis become
covered with
pubic hair.
STAGES OF PUBIC HAIR
DEVELOPMENT
◼

TANNERSCALE
TOOL - used to determine
sexual maturity rating.
◼ Stage 1 – Pre-adolescence.
No pubic hair. Fine body hair
only

◼ Stage 2 – Occurs between

ages 11 and 12 – sparse,
long, slightly pigmented &
curly hair at symphysis pubis
◼ Stage 3 – occurs between ages 12 and 13
– darker & curlier at labia

◼ Stage 4 – occurs between ages 13 and

14, hair assumes the normal appearance
of an adult but is not so thick and does
not appear to the inner aspect of the
upper thigh.
• Stage 5 – sexual
maturity; seen
among normal
adult; appearance
of hair at the
inner aspect of
upper thigh.
•LABIA MAJORA
– large lips longitudinal
fold, extends from
the symphysis
pubis to the
perineum
1. LABIA
MINORA
2 sensitive
structures
2. CLITORIS
— anterior, pea
shaped erectile
tissue with lots
of sensitive nerve
endings; site of
sexual arousal
3. FOURCHETTE
posterior, tapers
posteriorly of the
labia minora;
sensitive to
manipulation; torn
during delivery; site
of episiotomy
4. PERINEUM
muscular structure;
located between
lower vagina &
anus
5. VESTIBULE
– an almond shaped area that
contains the hymen, vaginal orifice,
and Bartholin’s glands.

◼ Skenes glands/or paraurethral gland –

secretes mucus for lubrication
6. Hymen – covers vaginal orifice,
membranous tissue
7. Vaginal orifice – external opening of
vagina
8. Bartholin’s glands— para-vaginal
gland or vulvo vaginal gland; two
small mucus secreting alkaline
substance.
9. URINARY MEATUS
small opening of
urethra, serves for
urination
It is placed about 2.5 cm behind
the gland clitoris and immediately in
front of that of the vagina; it
usually assumes the form of a
short, sagittal cleft with slightly
raised margins
Hymen- fold of vaginal mucosa partially blocks the
vaginal entrance.
Hymen is usually ruptured during first intercourse,
physical activities and insertion of a tampon.
2/24/2022 17
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
1. VAGINA
female organ of
copulation;
passageway of
menstruation &
fetus;
3 – 4inches or 8 – 10
cm long, dilated
canal
***Rugae – permits
stretching without
tearing
2. UTERUS (hotel of the baby)
Organ of menstruation,
is a hollow, thick
walled muscular organ.
It varies in size,
shape and weight
◼ Pregnant—ovoid shaped
◼ Non pregnant- Pear
shaped organs; 7 cm (3
in.) long and 2 cm (less
than 1 in) wide at its
broadest point in non
pregnant woman.
4 segments:
Fundus,
Corpus,
Cervix and
the
Internal os
WEIGHT of uterus:
◼ NONPREGNANT=50-60 g;
◼ PREGNANT=1,000 g
Muscular compositions:
1. Endometrium—innermost layer, composed of
specialized mucous membrane. inside
uterus; lines the non-pregnant uterus;
muscle layer for menstruation; sloughs
during menstruation.
❖ Divided into 2 layers (ENDOMETRIUM)

(1) Stratum functionalis- lines the uterine cavity

and sloughs of during menstruation
(2) Stratum basalis- permanent deeper layer which
gives rise to a new stratum functionalis after
each menstruation.
**Monthly, in response to estrogen secretion, the
endometium is prepared for possible
implantation of fertilized ovum (the beginning
of pregnancy).
** If implantation does not occur, a layer of the
endometrium is shed together with blood
through cervical canal and vagina→ process of
menstruation.
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2. Myometrium –middle, muscular layer,
which makes up the bulk of the uterine
wall.
❖ During labor and childbirth, coordinated
contractions of the myometrium help
expel the fetus from the uterus.
3. Perimetrium – It covers the urinary
bladder and forms a shallow pouch.
Function(UTERUS): Provides passageway for
sperm,receives blastocyst, retains &
nourishes fetus & expells fetus at term.
Uterus

Perimetrium

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Function: Muscular contractions.

Myometrium

2/24/2022 27
Function: Uterine lining in
which implantation occurs.

Endometrium

2/24/2022 28
◼ OVARIES
2 female sex
glands,
almond shaped
FUNCTIONS:
◼Ovulation
◼Production
of hormones
Function: Produce oocytes & the hormones
estrogen and progesterone.

Ovaries

Fimbrae- overlay the ovary.

Ovaries- production of
oocyte and hormones

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FALLOPIAN TUBES
2-3 inches long that serves as
a passageway of the sperm
from the uterus to the
ampulla or the passageway of
the mature ovum or fertilized
ovum from the ampulla to the
uterus.
◼ 4 SIGNIFICANT SEGMENTS
1. Infundibulum – distal part of FT, trumpet or
funnel shaped, swollen at ovulation
2. Ampulla – outer 3rd or 2nd half; site of
fertilization
3. Isthmus – site of sterilization or tubal ligation
4. Interstitial – site of ectopic pregnancy (most
dangerous)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

1. PENIS
 The male organ of copulation and
urination.
 It contains of a body of a shaft
consisting of 3 cylindrical layers
and erectile tissues.
 At its tip is the most sensitive area
comparable to that of the clitoris
in the female – the glans penis.
 2. SCROTUM
 A pouch hanging below the pendulous
penis, with a medial septum dividing
into two sacs, each of which contains
a testes; cooling mechanism of
testes;
 Divided sac of skin that hang outside
the abdominal cavity,between the legs
and at the root of the penis.
Tanner Scale for Males
 TANNER I prepubescent (testicular
volume less than 1.5 ml; small penis
of 3 cm or less) [typically age 9 and younger]

 TANNER II testicular volume

between 1.6 and 6 ml; skin on
scrotum thins, reddens and enlarges;
penis length unchanged [9-11years old]
 TANNER III testicular volume between 6
and 12 ml; scrotum enlarges further;
penis begins to lengthen to about 6 cm
[11-12.5 years old]

 TANNER IV testicular volume between 12

and 20 ml; scrotum enlarges further and
darkens; penis increases in length to
10 cm and circumference [12.5-14 years old]
 TANNER V testicular
volume greater than 20 ml;
adult scrotum and penis of
15 cm in length [14+ years
old]
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
1. URETHRA
transports urine and
semen.
2. TESTES
are glands that produce
sperm (reproductive
cells) and hormones.
3. EPIDIDYMIS
is a coiled tube that
holds sperm while
they mature.
4. VAS DEFERENS
carry sperm from the
epididymis to the
penis.
After sexual arousal, sperm move away from
the epididymis through the vas deferens.
Along the way, the sperm mix with fluids
produced by the seminal vesicles
and prostate gland to form
semen. The semen helps nourish sperm
and carry them along
THE
SPERM
1. How long do sperm live outside
the body in room temperature?
◼ A. Until they dry up.
◼ B.4 to 6 hours.
◼ C. 72 hours
◼ C. Whichever (A, B, or C) comes
first.
2. How long does it take sperm
to mature in the testicles?
◼ 74 seconds
◼ 74 hours
◼ 74 days
◼ 74 years
3. Males produce more than
_____ sperm each mL.
◼ 10million
◼ 100 million
◼ 50-130 million
◼ 50 – 130 billion
4. Sperm may live up to
_______ days in the female
reproductive system.
◼ Two
◼ Three
◼ Four
◼ Five
5. Under normal temperature the:
❑ Scrotum wrinkles
❑ Scrotum hand loosely

6. External condition is cold

❑ Scrotums become heavily wrinkled as it
pulls the testes closer to the warmth of
the body wall.
❑ Scrotums become loose as it pulls the
testes to the scrotum.
6. The clitoris consists of erectile tissue and is a
highly sensitive organ involved in female
sexual intercourse. It is formed from the
same embryonic tissue as the:
❑ Shaft of the penis
❑ Scrotum
❑ Prepuce
❑ Glans penis
7. Responsible for stimulating Luteinizing hormone
spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion.
Affects only the testes
❑ Follicle stimulating hormone
❑ Testosterone
❑ Luteinizing hormone
7. Affects only not only spermatogenesis but also
the development of sex organs, secondary male
characteristics
❑ Follicle stimulating hormone
❑ Testosterone
❑ Luteinizing hormone
 SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
(IN ORDER)

MALE

increase in weight
growth of testes
growth of face, Axillary, and pubic hair
voice changes
penile growth
increase in height
spermatogenesis
 FEMALE
Growth spurt
Increase in the transverse diameter of the pelvis
Breast development (thelarche)
Growth of pubic hair (adrenarche)
Onset of menstruation (menarche 12.5 y/o ave.)
Ovulation occurs 1 – 2 years after menarche
Growth of axillary hair (adrenarche)
Vaginal secretion