JOB NO.

: 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

DESIGN INFORMATION Existing Ground Level

Dimensions W e = 5300
Internal width Wi = 4.500 m Tw = 400 Wi = 4500 Tw = 400 Df = 1000 mm
Internal Height Hi = 2.000 m

D WTable
Length L = 1.000 m Ts = 400
Thickness of top slab Ts = 0.400 m
Wall thickness Tw = 0.400 m
Base slab thickness Tb = 0.400 m
Height of Dry weather flow Hdwf = 0.150 m

2950

2000
Width of Dry weather flow Wdwf = 4.500 m 25x25

He =

Hi =
Total external width We = 5.300 m
Total external height He = 2.950 m Wdwf= 4500
Haunch chamfer internal Ci = 25.0 mm Hdwf = 150
Chamfer external Ce = 25.0 mm Tb = 400
25x25 Chamfer
Soil Data Tw =400
Depth of fill Df = 1.000 m
Density of concrete gc = 25.00 kN/m³
Density of soil gs = 19.00 kN/m³ qs1 = 13.7 qo = 12.0 kN/m²
Depth of Water Table from existing ground DWTable = 0.000 m below existing ground
Earth pressure coefficients K1 = 0.600 Max.
K2 = 0.330

2550
K3 = 0.200 Min.
Partial Load Factors

h=
SLS ULS
Load Type
gf3 gfL gf3*gfL gf3 gfL gf3*gfL
1) Culvert Self-weight 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.265
2) Superimposed Dead Load qs2 = 42.8 qo = 12.0
2a) Min. Fill load = gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000 Live Load Surcharge
Soil pressure
2b) Max. Fill load = βgH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.320
3) Lateral Soil Pressure
3a) Min 0.2 gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
3b) Max 0.6 gH and 0.33 gH 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.50 1.650
4) Live Load surcharge 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.50 1.650
5) Vertical Live Load 1.0 1.1 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.430
6) HB Traction Force 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.10 1.10 1.210
7) Buoyancy/hydrostatic 1.0 1.1 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.210
8) For Relieving effects 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000

Live Load - HB 45 Units Loading Live Load - HB 45 Units Loading

Due to HB 45 Units Point Load for fill > 0.6m P = 112.50 kN { HB 45 Units = 112.5kN , HB 30 = 75kN, HB 25 = 62.5kN and HA KEL = 120kN/2.5m notional lane }
Due to HB 45 Units Vertical Live Load pressure LL = 78.93 kN/m² { LL = P × 4/(Df + 0.32)/(Df + 3.32) but min. 20 for HB & 10 kN/m² for HA }
Due to HB 45 Units Live Load surcharge Udl = 20.00 kN/m²
Do you want to consider Traction Force in the design ? = No (Yes/No)
Traction Force due to HB 45 Units Fh = 0.00 kN/m {Fh = 25% of total HB or HA×(We - Df)/(We - 0.6)/ET } - See BD31/01 Clause 3.2.7(d)(e)(f)
Distribution Width for Traction Force ET = 3.32 m { See BD31/01 Clause 3.2.7(f)(g) }

Loading Criteria
Superimposed Dead Load Factor β = 1.15 { β = 1.15+0.50(Df - 8)/3 OR β = 1.5+0.35(Df - 8)/3 for foundations on hard material only }
Self weight of top slab Sw1 = 10.00 kN/m² {Sw1 = Ts×gc }
Self weight of walls Sw2 = 7.55 kN/m² {Sw2 = 2×Tw×Hi×gc /(Wi + 2×Tw) }
Self weight of Soil, consider neg. arching effect Sw3 = 21.85 kN/m² {Sw3 = Df × gs × β } ==> Arching effect increase by a factor of β as per Cl. 4.2 of BD 31/01
Ultimate Design point load on top slab Pult = 0.00 kN {Pult = P applicable only for fill ≤ 0.6m }
Ultimate Design pressure on topslab, Self-wt qt1 = 10.00 kN/m² {qt1 = Sw1}
Earth fill qt2 = 21.85 kN/m² {qt2 = Sw3 }
Live Load qt3 = 78.93 kN/m² {qt3 = LL for fill > 0.6m }
Lateral pressure due to surcharge qo = 12.00 kN/m² {qo = K×Udl} ==> when K = 0.60
= 6.60 kN/m² when K = 0.33
Ultimate Design pressure at base, Self-wt qb1 = 17.55 kN/m² {qb1 = (Sw1 + Sw2) }
Earth fill qb2 = 21.85 kN/m² {qb2 = Sw3 }
Live Load qb3 = 78.93 kN/m² {qb3 = LL for fill > 0.6m }
Earth pressure at top of wall qs1 = 13.68 kN/m² {qs1 = K×gs×(Df + Ts/2)} ==> when K = 0.60
= 7.52 kN/m² when K = 0.33
= 4.56 kN/m² when K = 0.20
Earth pressure at base of wall qs2 = 42.75 kN/m² {qs2 = K×gs×(Df +Ts + Hi + Tb/2+ Hdwf } ==> when K = 0.60
= 23.51 kN/m² when K = 0.33
= 14.25 kN/m² when K = 0.20

DESIGN CONSIDERATION USING BS 5400

Concrete Grade fcu = 30.00 N/mm²
Reinforcement Grade fy = 460.00 N/mm²
Concrete cover c = 45.00 mm

ANALYSIS OF BOX-CULVERT BASED ON RIGID FRAME FORMULAS BY PROF. DR. ING. A. KLEINTOGEL
Analysis Coefficients
Width to center of wall l = 4.9000 m {l = Wi + Tw }
Height to center of bottom slab h = 2.5500 m {h = Ts/2 + Hi + Tb/2 + Hdwf }
n
k1 = J3 /J1 J1 = Tb /12, J2 = Tw /12
3 3
k1 = 1.0000
b c
k2 = J3 /J2 * ( h/l ) and J3 = Ts /12
3
k2 = 0.5204
n
K1 = 2k2 + 3 K1 = 4.0408
K2 = 3k1 + 2k2 K2 = 4.0408 h g g f f
R1 = 3k2 + 1 R1 = 2.5612
e
R2 = k1 + 3k2 R2 = 2.5612
a d
F1 = K1*K2 - k22 F1 = 16.0574 e
F2 = 1 + k1 + 6k2 F2 = 5.1224 l
Load Case 1 - Self-Weight of Structure - Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 1a Case 1b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 10.00 kN/m² 17.55 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 1.95 kNm -26.51 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) } and {Ma = -wl2/4*(k2K1/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -15.11 kNm 3.41 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1) } and {Mb = wl2/4*(k1K2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -15.11 kNm 3.41 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 1.95 kNm -26.51 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 14.91 kNm 3.41 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } and {Mn = (Mb + Mc )/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 1.95 kNm 26.16 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } and {Me = wl2/8 + Ma }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -6.58 kNm -11.55 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 } and {Mf = (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -6.58 kNm -11.55 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 24.50 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {Vb = 0.00 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -24.50 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -42.99 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { Va = -wl/h }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 42.99 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 6.69 kN -11.73 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -6.69 kN 11.73 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 6.69 kN -11.73 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -6.69 kN 11.73 kN {Ha = Hb }
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 1 of 7
 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

Load Case 2 - SIDL(Earth Fill) - Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 2a Case 2b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 21.85 kN/m² 21.85 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 4.25 kNm -33.00 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) } and {Ma = -wl2/4*(k2K1/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -33.00 kNm 4.25 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1) } and {Mb = wl2/4*(k1K2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -33.00 kNm 4.25 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 4.25 kNm -33.00 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 32.57 kNm 4.25 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } and {Mn = (Mb + Mc )/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 4.25 kNm 32.57 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } and {Me = wl2/8 + Ma }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -14.38 kNm -14.38 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 } and {Mf = (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -14.38 kNm -14.38 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 53.53 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {Vb = 0.00 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -53.53 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -53.53 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { Va = -wl/h }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 53.53 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 14.61 kN -14.61 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -14.61 kN 14.61 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 14.61 kN -14.61 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -14.61 kN 14.61 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 3 - Live Load Uniform Pressure at ULS Acting Downwards and Upwards on the Slab
Case 3a Case 3b
Downwards pressure @ top Upwards pressure @ base slab
Ultimate Uniform Pressure w = 78.93 kN/m² 78.93 kN/m²
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 15.35 kNm -119.22 kNm {Ma = wl2/4*(k2/F1) } and {Ma = -wl2/4*(k2K1/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -119.22 kNm 15.35 kNm {Mb = -wl2/4*(K2/F1) } and {Mb = wl2/4*(k1K2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -119.22 kNm 15.35 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 15.35 kNm -119.22 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 117.66 kNm 15.35 kNm {Mn = wl2/8 + Mb } and {Mn = (Mb + Mc )/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 15.35 kNm 117.66 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 } and {Me = wl2/8 + Ma }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -51.94 kNm -51.94 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 } and {Mf = (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -51.94 kNm -51.94 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 193.38 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = wl/h } and {Vb = 0.00 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -193.38 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN -193.38 kN {Va = 0.00 } and { Va = -wl/h }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 193.38 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 52.78 kN -52.78 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -52.78 kN 52.78 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 52.78 kN -52.78 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = -52.78 kN 52.78 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 4 - HB Wheel Load(Point Load) at ULS acting on Top Slab for Fill ≤ 0.6m Only (Use 2 HB wheel loads if internal width > 1.8m)
Case 4a(1 P @ center) Case 4b(For 2 Point Loads) a = (l - 1.8)/2 = 1.550 mm
HB wheel load at topslab P = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² One OR Two equal point loads symmetrical about center of slab
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Ma = 3Pl/8*(k2/F1) or Ma = 3Pa(1-a/l)*(k2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Ma = -3Pl/8*(K2/F1) or Ma = -3Pa(1-a/l)*(K2/F1) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mn = Pl/4 + Mb or Mn = Pa + Mb }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Max. shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = P or 2P/2++ approx. }
Max. shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = -Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Va = 0.00 }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/ h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Hb = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 5 - Uniform Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.60 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Hand Side
Case 5a Case 5b Case 5c
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.60 @ LHS OR 0.60 @ RHS OR 0.33 @ LHS The formulae below are for UDL lateral pressure @ LHS
Earth pressure qh = 13.68 kN/m² 13.68 kN/m² 7.52 kN/m² {At top of wall, qh = qs1}
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -14.65 kNm 12.11 kNm -8.06 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 7.59 kNm -10.13 kNm 4.18 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -10.13 kNm 7.59 kNm -5.57 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 12.11 kNm -14.65 kNm 6.66 kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -1.27 kNm -1.27 kNm -0.70 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.27 kNm -1.27 kNm -0.70 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.99 kNm 7.59 kNm 0.54 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 7.59 kNm 0.99 kNm 4.18 kNm {Mg = qh h2/8 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -3.62 kN 3.62 kN -1.99 kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -3.62 kN 3.62 kN -1.99 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -5.46 kN 5.46 kN -3.00 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -5.46 kN 5.46 kN -3.00 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 8.72 kN 8.72 kN 4.80 kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -8.72 kN -8.72 kN -4.80 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 8.72 kN -26.16 kN 4.80 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 26.16 kN -8.72 kN 14.39 kN {Ha = qh h - (Md - Mc)/h }

Load Case 6 - Uniform Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.20 @ LHS and K = 0.20 @ RHS
Case 6a Case 6b
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.20 @ LHS OR 0.20 @ RHS The formulae below are for UDL lateral pressure @ RHS
Earth pressure qh = 4.56 kN/m² 4.56 kN/m² {At top of wall, qh = qs1}
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -4.88 kNm 4.04 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 2.53 kNm -3.38 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -3.38 kNm 2.53 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 4.04 kNm -4.88 kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -0.42 kNm -0.42 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -0.42 kNm -0.42 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.33 kNm 2.53 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 2.53 kNm 0.33 kNm {Mg = qh h2/8 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -1.21 kN 1.21 kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -1.21 kN 1.21 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -1.82 kN 1.82 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -1.82 kN 1.82 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 2.91 kN 2.91 kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -2.91 kN -2.91 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 2.91 kN -8.72 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 8.72 kN -2.91 kN {Ha = qh h - (Md - Mc)/h }

T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 2 of 7

 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

Load Case 7 - Uniform Horizontal Live Load Surcharge With K = 0.60 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Hand Side
Case 7a Case 7b Case 7c
Earth Pressure coefficient K = 0.60 @ LHS 0.60 @ RHS 0.33 @ LHS The formulae below are for UDL lateral pressure @ RHS
Live Load surcharge qh = 12.00 kN/m² 12.00 kN/m² 6.60 kN/m² {At top of wall, qh = qs1}
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -12.85 kNm 10.62 kNm -7.07 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 6.66 kNm -8.88 kNm 3.66 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -8.88 kNm 6.66 kNm -4.89 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K2 -k2)/(2F1)+qh h2/2*(R2 -k2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 10.62 kNm -12.85 kNm 5.84 kNm {Md = -k2*(qh h2/4)(K1 -k2)/(2F1) -qh h2/2*(R1+k2)/(2F2) }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -1.11 kNm -1.11 kNm -0.61 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.11 kNm -1.11 kNm -0.61 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.87 kNm 6.66 kNm 0.48 kNm {Mf = qh h2/8 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 6.66 kNm 0.87 kNm 3.66 kNm {Mg = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -3.17 kN 3.17 kN -1.74 kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -3.17 kN 3.17 kN -1.74 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -4.79 kN 4.79 kN -2.63 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -4.79 kN 4.79 kN -2.63 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 7.65 kN 7.65 kN 4.21 kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -7.65 kN -7.65 kN -4.21 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 7.65 kN -22.95 kN 4.21 kN {Hd = qh h - (Md - Mc)/h }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 22.95 kN -7.65 kN 12.62 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 8 - Varying Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.60 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Left Hand Side
Case 8a Case 8b Case 8c
Pressure coefficient at rest Ko = 0.60 @ LHS 0.60 @ RHS 0.33 @ LHS
Earth pressure at top of wall q1 = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² The formulae below are for varying pressure @ LHS
Earth pressure at base of wall q2 = 29.07 kN/m² 29.07 kN/m² 15.99 kN/m² {q2 = qs2 - qs1}
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -11.74 kNm 8.81 kNm -6.46 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 4.24 kNm -6.71 kNm 2.33 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -6.71 kNm 4.24 kNm -3.69 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 8.81 kNm -11.74 kNm 4.85 kNm {Md = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -1.23 kNm -1.23 kNm -0.68 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.46 kNm -1.46 kNm -0.81 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 1.05 kNm 8.07 kNm 0.58 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 8.07 kNm 1.05 kNm 4.44 kNm {Mg = 3qs h2/48 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -2.23 kN 2.23 kN -1.23 kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -2.23 kN 2.23 kN -1.23 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -4.19 kN 4.19 kN -2.31 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -4.19 kN 4.19 kN -2.31 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 6.09 kN 6.09 kN 3.35 kN {Hc = (Md - Mc)/h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -6.09 kN -6.09 kN -3.35 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 6.09 kN -30.98 kN 3.35 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 30.98 kN -6.09 kN 17.04 kN {Ha = qs h/2 - (Md - Mc)/h }

Load Case 9 - Varying Horizontal Soil Pressure With K = 0.20 On Bothsides and K = 0.33 On the Right Hand Side
Case 9a Case 9b Case 9c
Pressure coefficient at rest Ko = 0.20 @ LHS 0.20 @ RHS 0.33 @ RHS
Earth pressure at top of wall q1 = 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² 0.00 kN/m² The formulae below are for varying pressure @ RHS
Earth pressure at base of wall q2 = 9.69 kN/m² 9.69 kN/m² 15.99 kN/m² {q2 = qs2 - qs1}
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -3.91 kNm 2.94 kNm 4.85 kNm {Ma = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 1.41 kNm -2.24 kNm -3.69 kNm {Mb = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -2.24 kNm 1.41 kNm 2.33 kNm {Mc = -k2*(qs h2/15)(7K2/4-2k2)/(2F1)+qs h2/2*(R2/3-k2/2)/(2F2) }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 2.94 kNm -3.91 kNm -6.46 kNm {Md = -k2*(qs h2/15)(2K1-7k2/4)/(2F1)-qs h2/2*(R1/3+k2/2)/(2F2) }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -0.41 kNm -0.41 kNm -0.68 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -0.49 kNm -0.49 kNm -0.81 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.35 kNm 2.69 kNm 4.44 kNm {Mf = 3qs h2/48 + (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 2.69 kNm 0.35 kNm 0.58 kNm {Mg = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = -0.74 kN 0.74 kN 1.23 kN {Vb = -(Mb - Mc)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -0.74 kN 0.74 kN 1.23 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -1.40 kN 1.40 kN 2.31 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = -1.40 kN 1.40 kN 2.31 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 2.03 kN 2.03 kN 3.35 kN {Hc = (Ma - Mb)/h }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -2.03 kN -2.03 kN -3.35 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 2.03 kN -10.33 kN -17.04 kN {Hd = -qs h/2 + (Ma - Mb)/h }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 10.33 kN -2.03 kN -3.35 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 10 - Horizontal Traction Force Acting at Point B ie. @ LHS

Horizontal force Fh = 0.00 kN/m

Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = 0.00 kNm {Ma = -Fh h R1 /2/F2 }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = 0.00 kNm {Mb = Fh h R2 /2/F2 }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = 0.00 kNm {Mc = -Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = 0.00 kNm {Md = -Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 0.00 kNm {Mn = (Mb + Mc)/2 }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 0.00 kNm {Me = (Ma + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 0.00 kNm {Mf = (Mc + Md)/2 }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 0.00 kNm {Mg = (Ma + Mb)/2 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 0.00 kN {Vb = (Mc - Mb)/l }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = 0.00 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN {Va = (Ma - Md)/l }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 0.00 kN {Hc = Fh / 2 }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = 0.00 kN {Hb = Fh / 2 }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = 0.00 kN {Hd = Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 0.00 kN {Ha = Hb }

Load Case 11 - For External Hydrostatic Pressure Acting @ Both Sides of Wall a= 2.55 b= 0
Case 11a Case 11b α = a/h and β =b/h
K = 0.60 0.20 ψ = qa²(8+9β+3β²)/60 and ξ = qa²(10-3α²)/60
External Hydrostatic Pressure, at top p = 4.80 kN/m² 9.60 kN/m² {if Z>h, p = 10(Z-h)(1-K) else p = 0 }
External Hydrostatic Pressure, at base slab q = 15.00 kN/m² 30.00 kN/m² {q = 10 *( h + Ts/2 + Df - DWTable) * (1-K) }
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -1.92 kNm -3.84 kNm {Ma = -k2 (ψK1 - ξk2 ) /F1 - ph²/4*k2 (K1 - k2 ) /F1 }
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -1.75 kNm -3.51 kNm {Mb = -k2 (ξK2 - ψk2 ) /F1 - ph²/4*k2 (K2 - k2 ) /F1 }
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -1.75 kNm -3.51 kNm {Mc = Mb }
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -1.92 kNm -3.84 kNm {Md = Ma }
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = -1.75 kNm -3.51 kNm {Mn = Mb }
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = -1.92 kNm -3.84 kNm {Me = Ma }
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 6.21 kNm 12.42 kNm {Mf = q*a²/12+(Ma+Mb)/2 if b>h/2 OR = q*a²/12-q(h/2-b)³/6a+(M a+Mb)/2+ph²/8 if b<h/2}
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 6.21 kNm 12.42 kNm {Mg = Mf }
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vb = 0 }
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vc = Vb }
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Va = 0 }
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN {Vd = Va }
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 10.39 kN 20.78 kN {Hc = qa²/6h + (Ma - Mb)/h + p*h/2 }
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -10.39 kN -20.78 kN {Hb = -Hc }
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -14.85 kN -29.71 kN {Hd = -Ha }
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 14.85 kN 29.71 kN {Ha = qa(2h+b)/6h + (Mb - Ma)/h + p*h/2 }
T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 3 of 7
 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

LOAD COMBINATIONS :-
A) Case (1a+1b)*gf3*gfL1 + Case (2a+2b)*gf3*gfL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*gf3*gfL5 + Case (5a+5b+8a+8b) *gf3*gfL3 + Case (7a+7b) *gf3*gfL4 + Case 11a*gf3*gfL7
ULS SLS MSLS_Live MSLS_Dead MSLS
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -232.57 kNm -177.37 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -215.33 kNm -163.86 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -215.33 kNm -163.86 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -232.57 kNm -177.37 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 247.95 kNm 192.31 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 259.36 kNm 201.44 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -160.28 kNm -129.08 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -160.28 kNm -129.08 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 378.19 kN 290.75 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -378.19 kN -290.75 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -401.58 kN -309.24 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 401.58 kN 309.24 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 80.30 kN 51.30 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -80.30 kN -51.30 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -119.45 kN -79.02 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 119.45 kN 79.02 kN

B) Case (1a+1b)*gf3*gfL8 + Case (2a+2b)*gf3*gfL8/β + Case (5a+5b+8a+8b) *gf3*gfL3 + Case (7a+7b) *gf3*gfL4 + Case 11a*gf3*gfL7
ULS SLS MSLS_Live MSLS_Dead MSLS
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -64.58 kNm -59.37 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -50.74 kNm -45.85 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -50.74 kNm -45.85 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -64.58 kNm -59.37 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 36.30 kNm 41.18 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 45.11 kNm 50.32 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = 6.01 kNm -11.07 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = 6.01 kNm -11.07 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 71.05 kN 71.05 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -71.05 kN -71.05 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -89.54 kN -89.54 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 89.54 kN 89.54 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 81.63 kN 51.30 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -81.63 kN -51.30 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -118.12 kN -79.02 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 118.12 kN 79.02 kN

C) Case (1a+1b)*gf3*gfL1 + Case (2a+2b)*gf3*gfL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*gf3*gfL5 + Case (6a+6b+9a+9b)*gf3*gfL8 + Case 11b*gf3*gfL8
ULS SLS MSLS_Live MSLS_Dead MSLS
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -223.22 kNm -173.23 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -206.46 kNm -159.88 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -206.46 kNm -159.88 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -223.22 kNm -173.23 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 256.82 kNm 196.29 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 268.71 kNm 205.59 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -191.10 kNm -142.82 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -191.10 kNm -142.82 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 378.19 kN 290.75 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -378.19 kN -290.75 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -401.58 kN -309.24 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 401.58 kN 309.24 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 24.27 kN 25.61 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -24.27 kN -25.61 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -50.20 kN -48.87 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 50.20 kN 48.87 kN

D) Case (1a+1b)*gf3*gfL1 + Case (2a+2b)*gf3*gfL2 + Case (3a+3b+4)*gf3*gfL5 + Case (5b+8b)*gf3*gfL8 + Case (5c+8c)*gf3*gfL3 + Case 7c*gf3*gfL4 + Case 10*gf3*gfL6
ULS SLS MSLS_Live MSLS_Dead MSLS
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -232.24 kNm -168.23 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -201.33 kNm -161.37 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -212.79 kNm -157.01 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -215.32 kNm -176.61 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 256.22 kNm 196.98 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 268.15 kNm 206.40 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -191.12 kNm -143.88 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -187.12 kNm -146.82 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 375.85 kN 291.64 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -380.52 kN -289.86 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -405.03 kN -307.53 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 398.12 kN 310.95 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 28.80 kN 22.11 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -28.80 kN -22.11 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -43.15 kN -49.84 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 64.26 kN 34.29 kN

E) Case (1a+1b)*gf3*gfL8+Case (2a+2b)*gf3*gfL8/β +Case (3a+3b+4)*gf3*gfL8+Case (5b+8b)*gf3*gfL8+Case (5c+8c)*gf3*gfL3+Case 7c*gf3*gfL4 + Case 10*gf3*gfL6
ULS SLS MSLS_Live MSLS_Dead MSLS
Moment at Joint, Ma Ma = -168.12 kNm -154.09 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mb Mb = -140.62 kNm -147.23 kNm
Moment at Joint, Mc Mc = -152.07 kNm -142.88 kNm
Moment at Joint, Md Md = -151.20 kNm -162.47 kNm
Midspan Moment at top slab, Mn Mn = 177.58 kNm 178.87 kNm
Midspan Moment at base slab, Me Me = 186.92 kNm 188.29 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mf Mf = -128.70 kNm -129.74 kNm
Midspan Moment at wall, Mg Mg = -124.70 kNm -132.68 kNm
Shear at support of top slab, Vb @ LHS Vb = 262.09 kN 265.32 kN
Shear at support of top slab, Vc @ RHS Vc = -266.77 kN -263.54 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Va @ LHS Va = -286.37 kN -281.21 kN
Shear at support of base slab, Vd @ RHS Vd = 279.46 kN 284.63 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hc @ RHS Hc = 30.14 kN 22.11 kN
Shear at top of wall, Hb @ LHS Hb = -30.14 kN -22.11 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Hd @ RHS Hd = -41.81 kN -49.84 kN
Shear at bottom of wall, Ha @ LHS Ha = 62.92 kN 34.29 kN

T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 4 of 7

 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

DESIGN OF WALL

Wall : Section at base slab/wall junction (per m strip) ie. Bottom corner

Service Moment at base/corner of wall Ms = 177.37 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -60.89 & MSLS_Live = -116.48 }
Ultimate Moment at base/corner of wall Mu = 232.57 kNm/m
Effective depth d = 342.50 mm {d = Tw - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0661 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 311.38 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1866 mm² {Min. Steel = 800.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1000.00 mm² }
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 7 T Ø 25 @ Spacing = 143 mm c/c 1st layer
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 3436 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 1.00 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

Check Crack Width

Depth to Neutral Axis x = 115.88 mm
Average strain for crackwidth calculation em = 0.001
Point on surface of conc. to nearest face of bar acr = 79.20 mm
Calculated crackwidth Crack_design = 0.204 mm < 0.25 mm ==> OK

Check Bottom Shear (per m strip) Of Wall at "d" From Face Of Base Slab
Ultimate shear force at base support Vu = 119.45 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at base support vu = 0.349 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 64.08 kN/m {Assume d = 342.5 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.187 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.108 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.672 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3/gm } and (0.15<=100As/bd <=3)
Depth factor xs = 1.099 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.739 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = - mm
Nos. of leg used N = - legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.551 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement required !
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0.4 - xsvc )/0.87fyv )
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = - mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !

Wall : Section at top slab/wall junction (per m strip) ie. Top corner

Service Moment at top/corner of wall Ms = 163.86 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -47.38 & MSLS_Live = -116.48 }
Ultimate Moment at top/corner of wall Mu = 215.33 kNm/m
Effective depth d = 342.50 mm {d = Tw - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0612 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 313.92 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1714 mm² {Min. Steel = 800.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1000.00 mm² }
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 7 T Ø 25 @ Spacing = 143 mm c/c 1st layer
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 3436 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 1.00 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

Check Crack Width

Depth to Neutral Axis x = 114.41 mm
Average strain for crackwidth calculation em = 0.001
Point on surface of conc. to nearest face of bar acr = 79.20 mm
Calculated crackwidth Crack_design = 0.188 mm < 0.25 mm ==> OK

Check Top Shear (per m strip) Of Wall at "d" From Top Wall
Ultimate shear force at top wall Vu = 81.63 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at top support vu = 0.235 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 51.74 kN/m {Assume d = 347.0 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.149 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.108 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.672 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3/gm } and (0.15<=100As/bd <=3)
Depth factor xs = 1.096 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.736 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd < vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity OK !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm�
Diameter of link used f = - mm
Nos. of leg used N = - legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = -0.587 N/mm² ==> if -ve, no shear reinforcement required !
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 0.000 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0.4 - xsvc )/0.87fyv )
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 0.00 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = - mm c/c ==> Shear Link Not Required !

Wall : External Wall @ Mid-Span

Moment at midspan of wall (-ve moment) Mf = -191.12 kNm/m

Maximum moment at wall (outer face) Mu = 192.94 kNm/m
Effective depth d = 347.00 mm {d = Tw - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd2 ) K = 0.0534 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 322.04 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1497 mm²
Diameter of reinforcement bars used dia. = 16 mm
Nos. of bar required N req. = 8 nos
Nos. of bar provided N prov. = 8 nos > Required. So OK !
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 1608 mm² {Min. Steel = 800.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1000.00 mm² }
Spacing of bar provided s = 125 mm c/c
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 0.46 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 5 of 7

 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

DESIGN OF TOP SLAB

Max. SLS Moment at of top slab(midspan) Ms = 196.98 kNm {MSLS_Dead = 50.66 & MSLS_Live = 146.32 }
Max. ULS Sagging Moment of top slab Mmax = 256.82 kNm
Effective depth of top slab d = 342.50 mm {d = Ts - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0730 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K) )×d
1/2
z = 307.7 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 2085 mm² {Min. Steel = 600.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1000.00 mm² }
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 8 T Ø 25 @ Spacing = 125 mm c/c 1st layer
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 3927 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 1.15 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

Check Crack Width

Depth to Neutral Axis x = 117.19 mm
Average strain for crackwidth calculation em = 0.001
Point on surface of conc. to nearest face of bar acr = 80.97 mm
Calculated crackwidth Crack_design = 0.221 mm < 0.25 mm ==> OK

Shear Check
Ultimate shear force at support Vu = 380.52 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at support vu = 1.111 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ultimate shear at "d" from face of support Vd = 296.78 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.867 N/mm² {vd = Vd /Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.108 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.702 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3/gm } and (0.15<=100As/bd <=3)
Depth factor xs = 1.099 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.772 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd > vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity Not OK ! Try to increase rebars or provide links !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = 12 mm
Nos. of leg used N = 3 legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = 0.094 N/mm�
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 1.235 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0.4 - xsvc )/0.87fyv )
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 256.88 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = 200 mm c/c ==> So O.K. !

DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

Base Slab : Side of haunch

Service moment at corner of base slab Ms = 177.37 kNm/m {MSLS_Dead = -60.89 & MSLS_Live = -116.48 }
Moment at support/corner of base slab Mu = 232.57 kNm/m
Depth of section D = 550.0 mm {D = Hdwf + Tb }
Effective depth d = 492.5 mm {d = D - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0320 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 467.88 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 1313 mm² {Min. Steel = 825.00 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1312.50 mm² }
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 7 T Ø 25 @ Spacing = 143 mm c/c 1st layer
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer ==> Shear Capacity Not OK ! Try to increase rebars @ support !
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 3436 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 0.70 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

Base Slab : Midspan

Max. SLS moment at base slab(midspan) Ms = 206.40 kNm {MSLS_Dead = 60.08 & MSLS_Live = 146.32 }
Maximum Moment at mid-span (ULS) Me = 268.71 kNm
Maximum +ve moment at inner face Mu = 268.71 kNm
Minimum base thickness Tb = 400.00 mm mm
Effective depth d = 342.50 mm {d = Tb - c - dia./2 }
K = Mu/(fcubd² ) K = 0.0764 < 0.15, So OK !
Lever arm = (0.5 + 0.5(1 - 5K)1/2)×d z = 305.90 mm {but z < 0.95d }
Tension steel required = Mu/(0.87fy z) Ast,req. = 2195 mm² {Min. Steel = 712.50 mm² } and { Min. Shrinkage Steel = 1187.50 mm² }
Reinforcement bars provided :-
Provide 8 T Ø 25 @ Spacing = 125 mm c/c 1st layer
+ -T Ø- @ Spacing = - mm c/c 2nd layer
Reinforcement provided/metre width Ast,prov. = 3927 mm² > Required. So OK !
Percentage of steel provided 100As/bd = 1.15 % Less than 4 % - O.K.!

Check Crack Width

Depth to Neutral Axis x = 118.09 mm
Average strain for crackwidth calculation em = 0.001
Point on surface of conc. to nearest face of bar acr = 80.97 mm
Calculated crackwidth Crack_design = 0.232 mm < 0.25 mm ==> OK

Check Shear (per m strip) Of Base Slab At "d" From Face Of Base Wall
Ultimate shear force at support Vu = 405.03 kN/m
Ultimate shear stress at support vu = 0.934 N/mm² {vu = Vu / Ld }
Ult. shear at "d" away from face of support Vd = 312.66 kN/m {Assume d = 433.9 mm }
Ultimate shear stress at "d" away vd = 0.721 N/mm² {vd = Vd / Ld }
Allowable Maximum ULT shear stress 0.75 fcu1/2 = 4.108 N/mm² {but < 4.75 N/mm2 }
Ultimate shear stress in concrete vc = 0.595 N/mm² {vc = 0.27*(100As/bd)1/3*(fcu)1/3/gm } and (0.15<=100As/bd <=3)
Depth factor xs = 1.036 {xs = (500/d)1/4) but > 0.7 }
Allowable ULT shear stress vcxs = 0.617 N/mm²
Shear Stress Checks : vu < 0.75 fcu1/2 or 4.75 ==> O.K.!
vd > vcxs ==> So Shear Capacity Not OK ! Try to increase rebars @ support or provide links !
Design for shear link reinforcement(if required) :-
Reinforcement Grade for shear link fyv = 460 N/mm²
Diameter of link used f = 12 mm
Nos. of leg used N = 3 legs of links per meter
Shear stress taken by shear link vd - vcxs = 0.104 N/mm²
Shear resistance Asv/sv = 1.259 ==> Asv/sv = Maximum of ( 0.4b/0.87fyv, b( vu + 0.4 - xsvc )/0.87fyv )
Spacing of link required Sv req. = 269.48 mm c/c
Spacing of link provided Sv prov. = 150 mm c/c ==> So O.K. !

T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 6 of 7

 JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN TO BS 5400: PART 4 : 1990 & BD 31/01 BASED ON SIMPLY SUPPORTED Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

MINIMUM STEEL/DISTRIBUTION STEEL

Wall Main Bars Secondary Bars

Grade of reinforcement used fy = 460 N/mm² = 460 N/mm²
Minimum % area of steel As,min. = 800 mm² (0.2% bh) = 0.12 % bh
Minimum shrinkage steel (Cl.5.8.9) As,shr. = 1000 mm² (As=Kr(Ac - 0.5Acor)
Required area of steel As,req. = 1000 mm�/metre length = 480 mm�/metre length
Reinforcement provided = Ø 16 mm @ 200 mm c/c = Ø 12 mm @ 200 mm c/c
Area of steel provided As,prov. = 1005.3 mm² So OK ! = 565.5 mm² So OK !
Nos. of bar provided N prov. = 5 nos/metre length = 5 nos/metre length

Top Slab Main Bars Secondary Bars

Grade of reinforcement used fy = 460 N/mm² = 460 N/mm²
Minimum % area of steel As,min. = 600 mm² (0.15% bh) = 0.12 % bh
Minimum shrinkage steel (Cl.5.8.9) As,shr. = 1000 mm² (As=Kr(Ac - 0.5Acor)
Required area of steel As,req. = 1000 mm�/metre length = 480 mm�/metre length
Reinforcement provided = Ø 20 mm @ 250 mm c/c = Ø 12 mm @ 200 mm c/c
Area of steel provided As,prov. = 1256.6 mm² So OK ! = 565.5 mm² So OK !
Nos. of bar provided N prov. = 4 nos/metre length = 5 nos/metre length

Base Slab Main Bars Secondary Bars

Grade of reinforcement used fy = 460 N/mm� = 460 N/mm²
Minimum % area of steel As,min. = 712.5 % bh = 0.12 % bh where h is average thickness
Minimum shrinkage steel (Cl.5.8.9) As,shr. = 1187.5 mm² (As=Kr(Ac - 0.5Acor)
Required area of steel As,req. = 1187.5 mm�/metre length = 570 mm�/metre length
Reinforcement provided = Ø 25 mm @ 333 mm c/c = Ø 12 mm @ 167 mm c/c
Area of steel provided As,prov. = 1472.6 mm² So OK ! = 678.6 mm² So OK !
Nos. of bar provided N prov. = 3 nos/metre length = 6 nos/metre length

For Maximum Height of Fill = 1000 mm

We = 5300

Tw = 400 Wi = 4500 400

T 20 - 250 mm c/c
T25 - 143 mm c/c T 12 - 200 mm c/c Shear links required/metre run :-

Slab :- Top = 3 legs T12 - 200 c/c

Ts = 400
Bottom = 3 legs T12 - 150 c/c
Wall :- Top = Shear Links Not Required
T25 - 125 mm c/c Bottom = Shear Links Not Required

T16 - 200 mm c/c T 12 - 200 mm c/c (Each Face)

Hi = 2000

He = 2950

Ci =
25
T25 - 333 mm c/c T 12 - 200 mm c/c
25

T25 - 125 mm c/c

Hdwf = 150

Tb = 400
Ce = 25

T25 - 143 mm c/c Ce = 25

T 12 - 167 mm c/c (Top & Bottom)

Box Culvert Dimension & Reinforcement Details

Note:- (Not To Scale)
1. All Dimensions are in mm Unless Otherwise Stated.
2. Maximum Height of Fill = 1000 mm
3. Concrete Grade = 30/20.
4. Nominal Concrete Cover to steel = 45 mm.
5. All Reinforcement Bars shall be complied with BS 4449 (1984).
6. Minimum Lap Length for Reinforcement shall be 50 Diameter of the Smaller Bars and shall be Staggered Wherever Possible.

Legend : ALT : Alternate c/c : Center to Center

Nominal Box-Culvert Dimensions
Size Wi Hi We He Ts Wdwf Hdwf Tw Tb Ce Ci
mm x mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
4500 x 2000 4500 2000 5300 2950 400 4500 150 400 400 25 25

T.C. Lim/Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01).xls Page 7 of 7

 SEPAKAT SETIA PERUNDING SDN BHD (14142-M) JOB NO. : 38051

TITLE : DRAINAGE BOX CULVERT DESIGN - CHECKING OF SLIDING AND BEARING PRESSURE TO BD 31/01 Designed : THH Date : 25-Feb-2022
SUBJECT : 4500 W x 2000 H x 1000 L DRAINAGE BOX-CULVERT C/W DWF, FILL = 1000 mm Checked : MBM Date : 25-Feb-2022
PROJECT : BATANG KALI Filename : Drainage-Boxculvert(BD31-01) Rev. : 1.1

Written by Ir. T.C. Lim, Revised on 30th October 2003

DESIGN INFORMATIONS
Internal width Wi = 4.500 m Existing Ground Level
Internal Height Hi = 2.000 m We = 5300
Length L = 1.000 m Tw = 400 Wi = 4500 Tw = 400 Df = 1000 mm

D WTable
Thickness of top slab Ts = 0.400 m
Wall thickness Tw = 0.400 m Ts = 400
Base slab thickness Tb = 0.400 m
Height of Dry weather flow Hdwf = 0.150 m
Width of Dry weather flow Wdwf = 4.500 m

2950

2000
Total external width We = 5.300 m

He =

Hi =
Total external height He = 2.950 m
Depth of fill Df = 1.000 m
Density of concrete gc = 25.00 kN/m³ Wdwf= 4500
Density of soil gs = 19.00 kN/m³ Hdwf = 150 Lproj = 0 mm
Depth of Water Table from existing ground DWTable = 0.000 m below existing ground Tb = 400
Earth pressure coefficients K1 = 0.600 Max.
K2 = 0.330

CHECK FOR SLIDING

Live Load associated with Traction in most onerous position: gfL = 1.0, gf3 = 1.0

Ground Level LL = 78.93 kN/m²

Maximum SDL Df gfL = 1.0, gf3 = 1.0

6.60 7.52 gsHsoil per m² 13.68
Traction Force
= 0.00
DL Structure
gfL = 1.0 Water Table Level
gf3 = 1.0
Z = 3.950 m

6.60 23.51 A 42.75

Friction
Live Load Surcharge Earth Pressure Buoyancy Earth Pressure Partial Load Factors
LLSC Earth Earth Buoyancy, gfL×gf3 = 1.21
K = 0.33 K = 0.33 K = 0.60 Traction, gfL×gf3 = 1.21
gfL = 1.50 gfL = 1.50 gfL = 1.00 Surcharge, gfL×gf3 = 1.65
gf3 = 1.10 gf3 = 1.10 gf3 = 1.00 Earth Pressure, gfL×gf3 = 1.65

Base projection from external face of wall, Lproj = 0 m {Extra Length of base projection from external face of wall }
Vertical Load due to:- Culvert Self Weight (DL) = 151.62 kN {DL = Ts×gc×We + 2×Tw ×Hi×gc + Tb×gc×We + (Hdwf×Wi - Asector)×gc + 2×Lproj×Tb×gc }
Min. Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) = 100.70 kN {SDL = Df × gs × We + ( Df + He - Tb )×gs × Lproj×2 }
Max. Live Load (MLL) = 225.00 kN {MLL = Live Load - HB 45 Units Point Load }
Buoyancy = -253.31 kN ↑ {Buoyancy = 10 ×( He + Df - DWTable) ×( We + 2×Lproj )×gf3×gfL7 }
Total Vertical Load, Vtot = 224.00 kN downwards ↓, so no uplift!

Horizontal Load at LHS Due to Earth = 75.54 kN {Fsoil = ( qs1+ qs2 )/2×He ×gf3×gfL3 } ==> where K = 0.33
Due to Live Load Surcharge = 32.13 kN {Fsurcharge = qo ×He×gf3×gfL4 } ==> where K = 0.33
Due to Traction Force = 0.00 kN {Ffriction = Fh × gf3×gfL6 }
Total Horizontal force at LHS, PLHS = 107.66 kN →

Relieving Horizontal Earth Pressure at RHS, PRHS = 83.23 kN ← {PRHS = ( qs1+qs2)/2×He } ==> where Kr = 0.60 {See BD31/01 Clause 4.4.2 (c), but max. 1.5 }
Friction Due to DL, SDL, MLL & Buoyancy FR = 97.00 kN ← {FR = Vtot × 0.75× tan Φ' } where Φ' = 30.00 degree
Friction Due to Cohesion of Soil FS = 26.50 kN ← {FR = (We + 2×Lproj)× C1 } where C1 = 5.00 kN/m², C1 = soil cohesion
Total Horizontal force at RHS, PRHS + FR + FS = 206.73 kN ←

For Sliding, the following relationship shall be satisfied for the structure as a whole as per BD 31/01 Clause 4.4.2(c):-
(Traction + Disturbing Earth Pressure)×gf3×gfL < (Relieving Earth Pressure + Friction Force)
i.e. Total Horizontal force at LHS, PLHS < Total Horizontal force at RHS, PRHS + Friction Force FR
So 107.66 < 206.73 kN ==> So OK. Sliding Pass !

CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE

LL = 78.93 kN/m²
Live Load in most onerous position
Ground Level

Maximum SDL All loads are "nominal"

β = 1.15
Df
12.00 13.68 βgsHsoil per m² 13.68

DL Structure Water Table Level

Z = 3.950 m
42.75 42.75
Live Load Surcharge Earth Pressure A Buoyancy Earth Pressure
LLSC Earth Earth
K = 0.60 K = 0.60 K = 0.60

Vertical Load due to:- Culvert Self Weight (DL) = 151.62 kN {DL = Ts×gc×We + 2×Tw ×Hi×gc + Tb×gc×We + (Hdwf×Wi - Asector)×gc + 2×Lproj×Tb×gc }
Max. Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) = 115.81 kN {SDL = Df × gs × β× We + ( Df + He - Tb )×gs × Lproj×2 }
Max. Live Load (MLL) = 225.00 kN {MLL = Live Load - HB 45 Units Point Load }
Buoyancy = -209.35 kN ↑ {Buoyancy = 10 ×( He + Df - DWTable) ×( We + 2×Lproj ) }
Therefore Total Vertical Load, Vtot = 283.07 kN downwards ↓, so no uplift!
Horizontal Load at LHS Due to Earth = 83.23 kN → {Fsoil1 = qs1×He + Fsoil2 = (qs2-qs1)×He /2 } ==> where K = 0.60
Due to Live Load Surcharge = 35.40 kN → {Fsurcharge = qo×He } ==> where K = 0.60
Horizontal Load at RHS Due to Earth = 83.23 kN ← {Psoil1 = qs1×He + Psoil2 = (qs2-qs1)×He /2 } ==> where K = 0.60

Taking Moment about Point A at the base,

Due to Vertical Seft-Weight (DL) = 401.78 kNm { DL × We /2 }
Due to Vertical Superimposed Dead Load (SDL) = 306.88 kNm { Df × gs × β× We× We/2 + ( Df + He - Tb )×gs × Lproj×[ (We+Lproj/2)-Lproj/2 ] }
Due to Vertical Live Load (MLL) = 990.00 kNm { HB45 × (We+We-1.8) }
Due to Buoyancy Load = -554.78 kNm { Buoyancy × We /2 }
Due to Earth @ LHS = 101.69 kNm { Fsoil1 × He /2 + Fsoil2 × He /3 }
Due to Live Load Surcharge @ LHS = 52.22 kNm { Fsurcharge × He /2 }
Due to Earth @ RHS = -101.69 kNm { Psoil1 × He /2 + Psoil2 × He /3 }
Net Moment, Mnet = 1196.10 kNm

Therefore z = Mnet / Vtot z = 4.225458 m

Eccentricity e = (We + 2×Lproj )/2 - z e = -1.57546 m ==> Resultant lies outside middle third
Calculation of Bearing Pressure:- 1) For Resultant outside middle third; 2) For Resultant inside middle third;
Maximum Bearing Pressure smax = 175.62 kN/m² { smax1 = (2´Vtot)/(3´((We+2´Lproj) 2 - abs(e))) smax2 = Vtot / (We+2´Lproj) + 6´Vtot ´ abs(e) / (We+2´Lproj)² }
Minimum Bearing Pressure smin = 0.00 kN/m² { smin1 = 0 smin2 = Vtot / (We+2´Lproj) - 6´Vtot ´ abs(e) / (We+2´Lproj)² }
Allowable Bearing Pressure sallow = 250.00 kN/m²
Bearing Pressure Within Allowable, So OK!
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CRACKING CHECK - (BS 5400, CL. 4.1.1.1)

BOTTOM
BOTTOM TOP OF TOP SLAB
Description UNIT SYMBOL
OF WALL WALL @ MIDSPAN
SLAB @
MIDSPAN

The serviceability limit state moment; MSLS = MSLS_Dead + MSLS_Live kNm/m MSLS = 177.37 163.86 196.98 206.40
Design serviceability moment per metre width - dead; kNm/m MSLS_Dead = 60.89 47.38 50.66 60.08
Design serviceability moment per metre width - live; kNm/m MSLS_Live = 116.48 116.48 146.32 146.32
Calculations assume a 1m width of slab mm b= 1000 1000 1000 1000
Slab depth; mm h= 400 400 400.00 400.00
Nominal cover to reinforcement; mm cnom = 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00
Characteristic strength of concrete; N/mm² fcu = 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; N/mm² fy = 460.00 460.00 460.00 460.00
Diameter of shear reinforcement; mm Ldia = 0 0 12 12
Diameter of 1st layer main tension reinforcement; mm Ø1 = 25 25 25 25
1st layer Tension bar centres; mm s_T1 = 142.86 142.86 125.00 125.00
Diameter of 2nd layer main tension reinforcement; mm Ø2 = 0 0 0 0
2nd layer Tension bar spacing; mm s_T2 = 0 0 0 0
Cover to tension reinforcement; cten = cnom + Ldia mm cten = 45 45 57 57
Effective depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cten - Ø /2 mm d= 342.50 342.50 330.50 330.50
Total area of tension reinforcement provided; mm²/m AsT = 3436 3436 3927 3927
MODULAR RATIO
Modulus of elasticity for reinforcement; kN/mm² Es = 200 200 200 200
Short term modulus of elasticity for concrete; Ecs = Ec_5400(fcu) kN/mm² Ecs = 28 28 28 28
Modulus for concrete; Ec = Ecs ´ (1- (0.5 ´ MSLS_Dead)/( MSLS_Dead + MSLS_Live )) kN/mm² Ec = 23.19 23.95 24.40 23.92
Modular ratio; m = Es / Ec m= 8.62 8.35 8.20 8.36
NEUTRAL AXIS POSITION
Solving for x gives the position of the neutral axis in the section:-
x = d ´ [ -1´Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d) + Ö( Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d) ´ (2+Es´AsT/(Ec´b´d)))] mm x= 115.88 114.41 117.19 118.09
Depth of concrete in compression; dc = x mm dc = 115.88 114.41 117.19 118.09
CONCRETE AND STEEL STRESSES
fc = 2 ´ MSLS / ( b ´ x ´ (d - x/3)) N/mm² fc = 10.07 9.41 11.54 12.01
Maximum concrete stress = 0.5 ´ fcu N/mm² 0.5 ´ fcu = 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Check whether fc < 0.5fcu ? So OK ! So OK ! So OK ! So OK !
fst = MSLS / ( AsT ´ (d - x/3)) N/mm² fst = 169.87 156.68 172.11 180.53
Maximum steel stress = 0.75 ´ fy N/mm² 0.75 ´ fy = 345.00 345.00 345.00 345.00
Check whether fst < 0.75fy ? So OK ! So OK ! So OK ! So OK !
CONCRETE AND STEEL STRAINS
Strain in the reinforcement; es = fst / Es es = 849.4E-6 783.4E-6 860.6E-6 902.7E-6
Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required mm; a' = h = 400 400 400 400
Level of crack; e1 = es ´ (a' - x)/(d - x) e1 = 1.1E-3 980.9E-6 1.1E-3 1.2E-3
em = min( e1, max(0, e1 - [ 3.8´b´h´(a' - dc)/(es´ AsT ´(h - dc))]´[(1 - Mq/Mg)´10-9 ])) em = 1.1E-3 980.9E-6 1.1E-3 1.2E-3
Distance from tension bar to crack; acr = Ö ((s_T1/2)²+(cten + Ø1/2)²)-Ø1/2 mm acr = 79.20 79.20 80.97 80.97
Allowable crackwidth mm CrackAllowable = 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Design crack width; Crack_design = 3´acr ´em /(1+2´(acr - cnom)/(h - dc)) mm Crack_design = 0.204 0.188 0.221 0.232