CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

What compound can soften towels, regenerate a car battery, clear your skin, or deter
slugs all in one? That’s right, Magnesium sulfate can do the trick! Magnesium sulfate, generally
known as Epsom salt, has many repairing properties coming from the salts of the sea. This
compound was beginning to be put to use in the early 17th Century.  High society would use
magnesium sulfate in England spas. Dr. Nehemiah Grew sold and distributed this healing
substance. Dr. Grew faced disputes with apothecaries at the time because the salts were so
valuable. But, as the century continued, more and more clinical purposes were being discovered
with the Epsom salts. The main discovery being that the salts came from siliceous hydrate of
magnesia. By the 18th century, the world now knew Manufacturing and Supplying Chemical
comprises EPSOM and MagnesiumSulfate .
Magnesium Sulfate occurs in many chemical reactions in the human body. It is a trace
mineral, meaning the body needs some of it to sustain life fully. Another chemical property of
magnesium sulfate is that it is found in all hydrates other than heptahydrate. This hydrate form
is found in most evaporated seawater, because it is contained with many salts. Epsom salt has a
pH value of six, the same as milk. The pH means that magnesium sulfate is neither an acid nor a
base, but it is closer to the acidic side of the scale.  Magnesium sulfate also has the chemical trait
of being a polyatomic ion. Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms with overall charges to each. 
The picture shown below is the chemical compound of magnesium sulfate. The four oxygen
atoms (O) surround the one sulfur (S) atom. Two of the oxygen atoms have a double bond with
the sulfur atom and the other two are negatively charged with the magnesium between them.
The magnesium sulfate compound creates a tetrahedron shaped molecule. Epsom Salt’s bond
(between Magnesium and Sulfate) is ionic because it is between a metal (Magnesium) and non-
metal but it has a covalent bond in it, which is SO4 (SulfurOxygen).
Since Magnesium Sulfate is ionic, it has a needle-like crystal structure. These structures contain
no color or smell to them. Epsom salt is very soluble in water and other inorganic solvents, but
only partially in organic solvents. Magnesium sulfate is also hygroscopic, meaning it has a great
ability to absorb water from the air. Having this ability, magnesium sulfate is often used for
drying in organic synthesis. Magnesium sulfate also absorbs high frequency sounds in sea water.
Along with its scientific physical properties, Epsom salt has medicinal properties that can be
helpful both inside and outside the body Magnesium sulphate.  
            Magnesium sulfate has many uses to treat the body. Supplements of magnesium sulfate
can be used as a laxative or antacid, treating digestion issues in the stomach. Another oral form
can be used for regulating electrolyte imbalances, but can also be in an intravenous (IV) form. IV
of magnesium sulfate can also treat asthmatic or chronic heart failure patients. Along with major
illnesses, Epsom salt can be dissolved in warm water to soak sore feet, bruises, or sprains. (5,2)
In gardening, magnesium sulfate is used to help in magnesium deficiencies in soil, mainly
tomatoes, potatoes, and roses.  Magnesium sulfate is very use full for organic maintenance and
Agriculture Fertilizers.  
            There are not many safety measures for magnesium sulfate because it is used in the body,
but there are some. It is not recommended to inhale or ingest it without medical attention. If the
magnesium sulfate causes irritation on the skin you should wash the area with soap and water
and if in the eye, then wash with plenty of water for at least five minutes and seek medical
attention. When excessive amounts are exposed, use protective gloves and eyewear and cover the
skin depending on the amount being handled. It is not flammable or a fire risk, however
firefighters should wear apparatus in case of toxic vapors being released.   

            Magnesium sulfate, or Epsom salt, is a very useful and complex compound.  
Procedure:

To begin the experiment, the experimenter gathers a 50 mL beaker, 25 mL of copper (II)

sulfate, and a strand of magnesium. Next, the experimenter measures out a strand of 0.2 grams of
magnesium. Then setting aside the magnesium strip, 25 mL of the blue copper (II) sulfate liquid
is poured into the 50 mL beaker. After the liquid is poured, the 0.2 g magnesium strip is dropped
inside the beaker with the solution. The beaker is now left alone for approximately thirty minutes
at room temperature to react. Once the experimenter returns, black rust- like particles are shown
to identify the copper. The crystallization on and around the now copper remains shows the
product, magnesium sulfate, exemplifying a successful formation.

History:
Humphry Davy:

The name magnesium originates from the Greek word for a district in Thessaly called
Magnesia. It is related to magnetite and manganese, which also originated from this area, and
required differentiation as separate substances. See manganese for this history.
In 1618, a farmer at Epsom in England attempted to give his cows water from a well there.
The cows refused to drink because of the water's bitter taste, but the farmer noticed that the water
seemed to heal scratches and rashes. The substance became known as Epsom salts and its fame
spread.[26] It was eventually recognized as hydrated : magnesium sulfate, MgSO4.
 The use of magnesium sulphate (MgSO,) in obstetrics has consistently aroused
controversy despite many years of experience with its use. MgSO, was first used to prevent
eclamptic seizures in 1906 by Horn in Ger- many, who injected it intrathecally' . An
intramuscular regimen was used in 1926 to prevent recurrent seizures in women with eclampsia2
and the drug was given intra- venously in 1933 to women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia3.
Despite such early suggestions of its potential, the choice of MgSO, for seizure prophylaxis has
continued to vary enormously. In the United States, for example, MgSO, is the anticonvulsant of
choice for women with either eclampsia or pre-eclampsia4, while in the United Kingdom in 1992
it was used by only 2% of obstetri- cian. Over the years the use of MgSO, for pre-eclamp-
sideclampsia was deemed more a 'religious conviction than a scientifically established treatrnenP.
The Collab- orative Eclampsia Trial7 has now provided irrefutable evidence of the superiority of
MgSO, when compared with diazepam and phenytoin in the prevention of recur- rent seizures in
women with eclampsia. Other recent studies indicate that MgSO, has potential benefits for the
fetusRa nd can significantly reduce the incidence of eclamptic convulsions in women with pre-
eclampsiag. The purpose of this review is to present the clinical pharmacology of MgSO, as it
applies to obstetric prac- tice that may serve a source of reference for clinicians

List of countries by magnesium production on 2017 to 2018:

Country’s production

China 661,000

U.S.A 63,500

Russia 37,000

Israel 30,000
 Kazakhstan 21,000

Brazil 16,000

Ukraine 2,000

Serbia 1,700

India 1,500

Total 833,700

CHAPTER-II
INDUSTRY PROFILE

The Global Magnesium Sulfate Industry Report is a professional and in-depth study on
the current state of the Magnesium Sulfate industry.The report provides a basic overview of the
industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The
Magnesium Sulfate market analysis is provided for the international markets including
development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development
status.Development policies and plans are also discussed and manufacturing processes and cost
structures analyzed. Magnesium Sulfate industry import/export consumption, supply and demand
figures and cost price and production value gross margins are also provided.
The report focuses on fourteen industry players providing information such as company profiles,
product picture and specification, capacity production, price, cost, production value and contact
information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also
carried out. The Magnesium Sulfate industry development trends and marketing channels are
analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and
overallreportconclusions offered. Magnesium sulfate is a naturally occurring mineral and is
commercially known as Epsom salt, which is a mixture of magnesium, oxygen, and sulfur. It is
also produced synthetically by reacting sulphuric acid with magnesium, and oxides. Its flavor
enhancing ability has established a commercial importance in the food and beverage industry and
its consumption is increasing year by year. Moreover, the importance of magnesium sulfate for
human health and plant nutrition has been well-established and is prominently consumed in
related applications of both of this sectors. Plant nutrition sector holds the greater importance
about the magnesium sulfate due to its use as a fertilizer.

The agriculture industry is going under tremendous pressure imposed by the governmental
bodies to increase the crop yield with good quality food. Governments across the agricultural
economies have been opting for favorable policies to increase the agriculture output and are
investing a huge amount inreportand development for technological development. Therefore, this
industry is surely heading towards the growth expansion resulting into the greater consumption
of fertilizers. The overall consumption of fertilizer in India was ~32 million tons in 2016. India is
the third largest farm-based economy and is consistently supporting fertilizer growth. Thus, the
agriculture industry as a whole likely to provide higher gains for magnesium sulfate driven by
increasing fertilizer growth.  The market is also expecting a lucrative gains from personal care
industry due to the fact that magnesium sulfate is being increasingly used in a range of
applications in personal care products. As per the industry experts, the personal care applications
of magnesium sulfate to grow at the highest growth rate and is likely to bring several product
innovations due to the customization required from consumers. Therefore, the market could see
some new growth opportunities over the assessment period of 2017-2023.

Increasing healthcare spending:

Gone are the days, wherein health used to be the primary agenda for majority population
across the globe. Globalization, technological reforms, and infrastructural developments have led
to rapid lifestyle changes and resulting in heavy and hectic lifestyle pattern. Therefore, the
priorities of most of the population have changed and health issues have shifted from primary to
secondary. On the other hand, most of developing and developed economies have been going
through parallel economic reforms, and they altogether have ended up with increased healthcare
spending.

The relevance of the growth of this market with healthcare spending came into the picture
when the WHO recommended magnesium sulfate as the first-line drug in the treatment of
eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. As of 2016, total cases registered for eclampsia and pre-eclampsia
were 4 million, among overall cases 1.96 million cases were left untreated by magnesium sulfate.
On the split side, healthcare expenditure of various regions such as the Americas and Europe has
increased significantly over the last decade.  According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services, in 2015, the U.S. healthcare spending is likely to increase by 5.8% annually and
reaching USD 3.2 trillion. Taking into account the aforementioned spending power, it is
concluded that increasing healthcare expenditure is likely to boost market effectiveness in terms
of global demand.  

Industrial competition: A race toward survival

The global magnesium sulfate market is consist of few leading players who have been
holding the control of the global market. However, the market has been influenced by the
cosmetic industry players and may witness their penetration due to magnesium sulfate offers a
range of application in the cosmetic product formulations. According to the industry experts, the
global magnesium sulfate market is projected to dominate by the leading cosmetic industry
leaders since they have invested a huge amount for the product innovation and research.

  The agriculture industry is the leading application segment for magnesium sulfate and is
consistently developing a considerable demand in the global market due to growing awareness to
produce good quality food. Therefore, fertilizer producers are becoming more cautious and
adopting strategic alliances to reduce the gap between the demand and supply. Agriculture gains
cover the vital part of the global GDP as well as holds a greater importance. Thus, the
government initiatives among agriculture economies such as India, Brazil, the U.S., and others
are creating opportunities to new entrants. With the aforementioned scenario, it can be said that
the market is heading towards intensified global competition and is likely to create equivalent
growth opportunity in the coming years for magnesium sulfate market.

From above market scenario, it can be concluded that industrial expansion has triggered
the market competition and expected to uncover untapped markets across the globe.
Consumption pattern of magnesium sulfate is directly proportional to aforementioned industrial
growth and

SendMagnesium sulfate (anhydrous) is an inorganic salt made up of magnesium, oxygen,

and sulfur. The molecular formula of magnesium sulfate is MgSO4. Magnesium sulfate is also
known as Epsom salt (heptahydrate), English salt, and Bitter salt. Magnesium sulfate also occurs
in hydrated forms, including monohydrate and heptahydrate. The monohydrate and heptahydrate
forms contain one and seven H2O molecules, respectively. Magnesium sulfate is commonly
encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite. It is usually called as Epsom salt.
Magnesium sulfate exists as white crystalline solid. Magnesium sulfate shows very high
solubility in water. Magnesium sulfate is odorless. Magnesium sulfate can be prepared artificially
by neutralizing sulfuric acid with magnesium carbonate or oxide to obtain the heptahydrate form,
but it is usually obtained directly from natural sources. The only known method for preparing
anhydrous magnesium sulfate is by the dehydration of a hydrate.

In gardening and other agriculture processes, magnesium sulfate plays an important role to
correct magnesium or sulfur deficiency in soil. Magnesium sulfate is important component of
various fertilizers. Magnesium is an essential element in the chlorophyll molecule, and sulfur is
another important micronutrient. Magnesium sulfate is also effective in the removal of splinters.
Magnesium sulfate is an effective anticonvulsant drug. Magnesium sulfate is well known for its
application as most effective, low cost, and safe treatment available for severe pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate also has ability to act as a vasodilator, having actions which
relieve vasoconstriction, decrease cerebral edema formation, protect the blood-brain barrier, and
act as a cerebral anticonvulsant. Magnesium sulfate can be administered either intravenously or
intramuscularly. Magnesium sulfate is the main preparation of intravenous magnesium.
Magnesium sulfate plays an important role to increase water content in the intestines.
Magnesium sulfate is can also preferably used as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate exhibits features, which make it a suitable drying agent. The
anhydrous magnesium sulfate form is hygroscopic i.e. it readily absorbs water from the air.
Magnesium sulfate is also recognized for its use as a beauty product. Athletes prefer magnesium
sulfate to soothe sore muscles.

The growing population, along with strong demand for high quality food, has resulted in
increased pressure on farmers to enhance the quality of their agricultural products. Increased
demand for food, coupled with increased application of magnesium sulfate for medicinal
purposes are acting as major drivers for the growth of the magnesium sulfate market. 

Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest growing market for magnesium sulfate in the next
six years. The main reason for this is the growing demand for greater quantity of food from
countries such as China and India, as a result of increasing population in these countries. As
fertilizer consumption is increasing to achieve higher yield, as a result consumption of
magnesium sulfate is also increasing in these countries.  China is the leading producer of
magnesium sulfate, followed by the U.S., and Russia respectively. The global magnesium sulfate
market is expected to grow at a moderately paced CAGR from 2014 to 2020.
 

Some of the major companies operating in the global magnesium sulfate market are PQ
Corporation, UMAI CHEMICAL Co. Ltd., Laizhou Guangcheng Chemical Co., Ltd., Laizhou
Zhongda Chemical Co. Ltd., Giles, Balaji Industries, China Nafine Group International Co. Ltd.,
Laizhou City Laiyu Chemical Co. Ltd., and Weifang Guomei Chemical Co. Ltd.

Thisreportreport analyzes this market on the basis of its market segments, major
geographies, and current market trends. Geographies analyzed under thisreportreport include 

• North America 
• Asia Pacific 
• Europe
• Rest of the World
• Indin 
This report provides comprehensive analysis of 
• Market growth drivers 
• Factors limiting market growth
• Current market trends 
• Market structure
• Market projections for upcoming years 
This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and
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developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top
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success in the market. The report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions,
classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Magnesium Sulfate market analysis
is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape
analysis, and key regions development status. Development policies and plans are discussed as
well as manufacturing processes and cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states
import/export consumption, supply and demand Figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.
The report focuses on global major leading industry players providing information such as
company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue
and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand
analysis is also carried out. The Magnesium Sulfate industry development trends and marketing
channels are analyzed. Finally the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and
overallreportconclusions offered. With 168 tables and figures the report provides key statistics.

Market:
Magnesium sulfate is a naturally occurring mineral and is commercially known as Epsom
salt, which is a mixture of magnesium, oxygen, and sulfur. It is also produced synthetically by
reacting sulphuric acid with magnesium, and oxides. Its flavor enhancing ability has established
a commercial importance in the food and beverage industry and its consumption is increasing
year by year. Moreover, the importance of magnesium sulfate for human health and plant
nutrition has been well-established and is prominently consumed in related applications of both
of this sectors. Plant nutrition sector holds the greater importance about the magnesium sulfate
due to its use as a fertilizer.

The agriculture industry is going under tremendous pressure imposed by the

governmental bodies to increase the crop yield with good quality food. Governments across the
agricultural economies have been opting for favorable policies to increase the agriculture output
and are investing a huge amount in research and development for technological development.
Therefore, this industry is surely heading towards the growth expansion resulting into the greater
consumption of fertilizers. The overall consumption of fertilizer in India was ~32 million tons in
2016. India is the third largest farm-based economy and is consistently supporting fertilizer
growth. Thus, the agriculture industry as a whole likely to provide higher gains for magnesium
sulfate driven by increasing fertilizer growth.  The market is also expecting a lucrative gains
from personal care industry due to the fact that magnesium sulfate is being increasingly used in a
range of applications in personal care products. As per the industry experts, the personal care
applications of magnesium sulfate to grow at the highest growth rate and is likely to bring
several product innovations due to the customization required from consumers. Therefore, the
market could see some new growth opportunities over the assessment period of 2017-2023.

2000 Global Magnesium Sulphate Market Analysis, Overview, Growth, Demand And Forecast
Research Report To 2050

Latest Report On Magnesium Sulphate Market of “Global Magnesium Sulphate Market

Research Report – Forecast to 2023”The “Magnesium Sulphate Market” Report likewise gives a
review of Magnesium Sulphate Industry, including characterization, application, fabricating
innovation, industry chain investigation and most recent market progression. Worldwide
Magnesium Sulphate Industry report 2018-2023 Provides proficient and inside and out
examination on the present condition of the worldwide Magnesium Sulphate advertise with an
attention on the global market.

According to the Magnesium Sulphate Market Report, the global market is expected to
witness a relatively higher growth rate during the forecast period. The report provides key
statistics on the market status of Global and Chinese Magnesium Sulphate manufacturers and is a
valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the
industry.Magnesium Sulphate Market Regional Segment Analysis: (North America, Europe,
China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India.)
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from the report or only charts or tables.Magnesium sulfate (anhydrous) is an inorganic salt made
up of magnesium, oxygen, and sulfur. The molecular formula of magnesium sulfate is MgSO4.
Magnesium sulfate is also known as Epsom salt (heptahydrate), English salt, and Bitter salt.
Magnesium sulfate also occurs in hydrated forms, including monohydrate and heptahydrate. The
monohydrate and heptahydrate forms contain one and seven H2O molecules, respectively.
Magnesium sulfate is commonly encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite. It is
usually called as Epsom salt. Magnesium sulfate exists as white crystalline solid. Magnesium
sulfate shows very high solubility in water. Magnesium sulfate is odorless. Magnesium sulfate
can be prepared artificially by neutralizing sulfuric acid with magnesium carbonate or oxide to
obtain the heptahydrate form, but it is usually obtained directly from natural sources. The only
known method for preparing anhydrous magnesium sulfate is by the dehydration of a hydrate.In
gardening and other agriculture processes, magnesium sulfate plays an important role to correct
magnesium or sulfur deficiency in soil. Magnesium sulfate is important component of various
fertilizers. Magnesium is an essential element in the chlorophyll molecule, and sulfur is another
important micronutrient. Magnesium sulfate is also effective in the removal of splinters.
Magnesium sulfate is an effective anticonvulsant drug. Magnesium sulfate is well known for its
application as most effective, low cost, and safe treatment available for severe pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia. Magnesium sulfate also has ability to act as a vasodilator, having actions which
relieve vasoconstriction, decrease cerebral edema formation, protect the blood-brain barrier, and
act as a cerebral anticonvulsant. Magnesium sulfate can be administered either intravenously or
intramuscularly. Magnesium sulfate is the main preparation of intravenous magnesium.
Magnesium sulfate plays an important role to increase water content in the intestines.
Magnesium sulfate is can also preferably used as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate exhibits features, which make it a suitable drying agent. The
anhydrous magnesium sulfate form is hygroscopic i.e. it readily absorbs water from the air.
Magnesium sulfate is also recognized for its use as a beauty product. Athletes prefer magnesium
sulfate to soothe sore muscles. 

The growing population, along with strong demand for high quality food, has resulted in
increased pressure on farmers to enhance the quality of their agricultural products. Increased
demand for food, coupled with increased application of magnesium sulfate for medicinal
purposes are acting as major drivers for the growth of the magnesium sulfate market. 

Asia Pacific is projected to be the fastest growing market for magnesium sulfate in the next
six years. The main reason for this is the growing demand for greater quantity of food from
countries such as China and India, as a result of increasing population in these countries. As
fertilizer consumption is increasing to achieve higher yield, as a result consumption of
magnesium sulfate is also increasing in these countries.  China is the leading producer of
magnesium sulfate, followed by the U.S., and Russia respectively. The global magnesium sulfate
market is expected to grow at a moderately paced CAGR from 2014 to 2020. 

• North America 
• Asia Pacific 
 • Europe
• India
• California
• Arizona

Global Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Market Report includes detailed market data and

penetrating insights such as Market Size, Development and Forecasts offers the most up-to-date
industry data on the actual market situation and future outlook for Magnesium Sulfate
Heptahydrate Industry with forecasts until 2024, which makes the report a helpful resource for
industry executives, marketing, sales and product managers, consultants, analysts, and other
people looking for key industry data in an eagerly accessible document with clearly presented
tables and graphs.

Front Headrest Market Global Outlook on Key Growth Trends, Factors: 2017

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1. Global Beverage Flavoring Agents Market 2019 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and
Application,
The worldwide market for Beverage Flavoring Agents is expected to grow at a CAGR of
roughly xx% over the next five years, will reach xx million US$ in 2024, from xx million US$ in
2019, according to a new GIR  study. This report focuses on the Beverage Flavoring Agents in
global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle
East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and
application.

Market Study Report recently introduced new title on 2019-2024 Global Industrial Ethanol
Market Report from its database. The report provides study with in-depth overview, describing
about the Product, Industry Scope and elaborates market outlook and status to 2024.

Considered to be one of the most acclaimed business spheres of the modern-day industrial
space, the Industrial Ethanol market, in this report, has been touted to emerge as a highly
remunerative vertical in the years to come, depicting an appreciable growth rate over the forecast
period. The report encompasses a highly intrinsic summary of the Industrial Ethanol market,
providing elaborate details regarding the numerous segments that this industry vertical has been
split into, in addition to the other parameters that would help toward better understanding this
business space.

The Industrial Ethanol market report is basically an all-exhaustive analysis of this

industry that includes information about the product scope, market size, sales and revenue, and
vital market dynamics. Essentially, market dynamics here comprises the opportunities that
Industrial Ethanol market has to offer, the risks that the industry is presently characterized by,
and the major drivers influencing this business space.

The competitive spectrum of Industrial Ethanol market is inclusive of some of the most
renowned companies of today, along the likes of Cargill, ADM, LyondellBasell, POET, Sasol,
Warner Graham and Jiangsu Lianhai Biological Technology. The report enumerates, in
excruciating detail, entire manufacturer base of this market, including the competitive profile of
each of the manufacturers partaking in this business, some basic information regarding the
company, and an overview of the firm with respect to its current position and reach in the
market. Further, the report comprises the products manufactured by the company, while
analyzing the product portfolio in terms of suitable industry parameters such as sales volume and
applications.

Further information about the manufacturers includes the product price, revenue amassed
by the firm, gross margins, and the overall share accrued by the company in Industrial Ethanol
market. Details regarding the stance of the manufacturer when compared to its rivals, and a spate
of other information along the likes of market competition trends and the market concentration
rate, which includes the specifics about the top few players of the Industrial Ethanol market are
also outlined in the report.

The Industrial Ethanol market study enumerates the geographical spectrum of the
industry in appreciable detail. Traversing the belts of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South
America, Middle East and Africa.  it basically explains the significance of every regional
contender in Industrial Ethanol market. The report elucidates intricately, pivotal pointers such as
the sales volume in every region and the market share accumulated over the forecast period. The
valuation currently held by the region has also been provided.

The report elucidates elaborate details about the Natural and Synthetic and Food &
Beverage, Fuels, Industrial Applications, Others,,The content of the study subjects, includes a
total of 15 chapters:,Chapter 1 and to describe Industrial Ethan spectrums with respect to their.
Industrial Ethanol market report is also incorporated with pivotal information such as the
sales channels chosen for product marketing – that basically include direct and indirect
marketing channels. Further, the study include details of the distributors, dealers, and the traders
that form a part of the competitive terrain of this industry. The future trends regarding the
marketing channels and a spate of other research findings are also enumerated in the report.
Rifaximin Market: Technological Advancement & Growth Analysis with Forecast
to 2024

Rifaximin Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current
state of the global industry. The report provides a basic overview of the industry including
definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Rifaximin Market
analysis is provided for the international market including development history, competitive
landscape analysis, and major regions development status.

Rifaximin, sold under the trade name Xifaxan among others, is an antibiotic used to treat
traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. It has poor absorption
when taken by mouth.

Considered to be one of the most acclaimed business spheres of the modern-day industrial
space, the Rifaximin market, in this report, has been touted to emerge as a highly remunerative
vertical in the years to come, depicting an appreciable growth rate over the forecast period. The
report encompasses a highly intrinsic summary of the Rifaximin market, providing elaborate
details regarding the numerous segments that this industry vertical has been split into, in addition
to the other parameters that would help toward better understanding this business space.

The Rifaximin market report is basically an all-exhaustive analysis of this industry that
includes information about the product scope, market size, sales and revenue, and vital market
dynamics. Essentially, market dynamics here comprises the opportunities that Rifaximin market
has to offer, the risks that the industry is presently characterized by, and the major drivers
influencing this business space.

The competitive spectrum of Rifaximin market is inclusive of some of the most

renowned companies of today, along the likes of Salix Pharmaceuticals. The report enumerates,
in excruciating detail, entire manufacturer base of this market, including the competitive profile
of each of the manufacturers partaking in this business, some basic information regarding the
company, and an overview of the firm with respect to its current position and reach in the
market. Further, the report comprises the products manufactured by the company, while
analyzing the product portfolio in terms of suitable industry parameters such as sales volume and
applications.

Further information about the manufacturers includes the product price, revenue amassed
by the firm, gross margins, and the overall share accrued by the company in Rifaximin market.
Details regarding the stance of the manufacturer when compared to its rivals, and a spate of other
information along the likes of market competition trends and the market concentration rate,
which includes the specifics about the top few players of the Rifaximin market are also outlined
in the report. The Rifaximin market study enumerates the geographical spectrum of the industry
in appreciable detail.

Traversing the belts of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle
East and Africa.  it basically explains the significance of every regional contender in Rifaximin
market. The report elucidates intricately, pivotal pointers such as the sales volume in every
region and the market share accumulated over the forecast period. The valuation currently held
by the region has also been provided.The report elucidates elaborate details about the 200 mg
Tablets and 550 mg Tablets and Hospital and Drug store spectrums with respect to their growth
rate, market share, sales forecast and revenue

A detailed analysis of the performance of Types and Applications across the outlined
geographies of Rifaximin market has also been explicated in the report.Rifaximin market report
is also incorporated with pivotal information such as the sales channels chosen for product
marketing – that basically include direct and indirect marketing channels. Further, the study
include details of the distributors, dealers, and the traders that form a part of the competitive
terrain of this industry. The future trends regarding the marketing channels and a spate of other
research findings are also enumerated in the report.
 CHAPTER-III
COMPANY PROFILE
T Chendur Chemical:
Established in the year 1998, (Tamil Nadu, India), we “T Chendur Chemical” are
successfully engaged in Manufacturing and Supplying pure assortment of Agriculture Fertilizers.
The list of our industrial chemical comprises EPSOM Salt, Crystalline Magnesium Sulphate,
Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate and Magnesium Sulphate. In addition, our extensive array of
products is broadly used in various sectors including Agriculture Fertilizers, Tannery, Soaps and
other industries
Equipped with the latest manufacturing unit and other required facilities, we have
managed to follow the entire production process in an organized and arranged manner. We have
included all the requisite machinery and technology for the preparation of our products. Other
than it, we have appointed a team that is skilled and expert in the respective area of work. Adding
up, as quality factor remains intact in any sort of work as a quality examination team has been
hired for testing products at different stages of the production. Conducting our every task in a
close communication with each other, it has been possible for us to meet the diversified demands
of clients at domestic as well as international level.
As our products are prepared using the optimum grade material, these are worth admiring due to
their acute composition, precise pH value, longer shelf life, purity, environment friendliness and
more. For the sake of avoiding any kind of chemical reaction at the time of delivering these
products, we make sure that packing would be done with high grade material.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

We are the leading Manufacturer and Supplier of a broad assortment of Agriculture

Fertilizers. Due to their wide scientific application, these are used in various industries including
Agriculture Fertilizers, Tannery and more. All our products are formulated using high quality
ingredients and complying with the internationally approved quality norms. In addition, our
products are known for purity and zero manufacturing defect. Quality remains the centered
priority to our company.
We offer:
• EPSOM Salt

• Crystalline Magnesium Sulphate

• Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate

• Magnesium Sulphate

• unreacted Magnesite sludge

General Information:

About Epsom salts [MgSo4.7H20]

Epsom salt magnesium sulfate U.S.P

Why not Epsom salt and wood ashes for fertilizing in Colorado?

Preparing a complete fertilizer solution

Product Description:
The expertise of our organization lies in offering Magnesium Sulphate to our clients. It has
been composed using remnants of magnesium and sulphate. It is offered in bulk quantities and is
widely used in both laboratories and chemical industries. It is basically an inorganic salt which
consists of magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. There is huge demand for this chemical compound
among our client base. .
Features:

•Eco friendly

•Accurate formulation

•Effective quality
About  the Product Shea Nuts

• Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. f.

• Shea Butter Fatty Acid Profile

• Shea Butter profile

• Predicting Fruit Production - Use of Indigenous Knowledge in Predicting Fruit

Production of Shea Butter Tree in Agroforestry Parklands of Uganda. Spacing on farms,
Size, Growth Habits.
 • Oil Seeds - Product Profile : Shea Nut Yields a Lauric Oil used by Industrial
Manufactures of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products and with Potential Applications
as Cocoa Substitute.
Projects, Processing & Technology:
• Shea Butter Project Evaluation and Comparison of Feasibility.

• Project Concept

• Oil Extraction - Principles, Raw Material Preparation, Methods of Extraction, Equipment

Suppliers and Contact Information

• Vitalleria Production and Collection

Markets:
• Shea Butter Export Guide

• Shea Nut Market and Technical Survey, Import and Export, Prices and Quality Standards,
List of Importers and References

• Feasibility Study & Market Potential of Shea Nut in Uganda

• Product Profile Shea Butter - Market Requirements

• EU Imports of Shea Nuts.

• French Imports of Shea Nuts.

• US Imports of Shea Nuts.

• Marketing Manual - End Users : Chocolate, Cosmetics & Natural Product Industries,
Shea Nut Grinding and Pressing Procedure, Clinical Properties of Shea Butter,
Organizational Contact list, Buyers Contact List.
Function in plants:

• Plants require magnesium to synthesize chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis.

Magnesium in the center of the porphyrin ring in chlorophyll functions in a manner
similar to the iron in the center of the porphyrin ring

• in heme. Magnesium deficiency in plants causes late-season yellowing between leaf

veins, especially in older leaves, and can be corrected by either applying epsom salts
(which is rapidly leached), or crushed dolomitic limestone, to the soil.

Basic information

Nature of business: Manufacturer

Additional business: supplier and Distributor

Company CEO: T.Rajendran

Total number of Employees: 25 people

Year of establishmend: 1998

Legal status of firm: sole proprietorship

Annual Turnover : Rs 2-5 crore

Company usp

Quality Measures/Testing

Facilities: NO

packaging/payment and shipment Details

• Customized packaging : No

• Payment terms : 100% Advance

• Payment Mode :
 1.Cash

2.Cheque

3.Credit Card

4.DD

5.Online

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Production prosses:

Use of Equipment and materials

Preparation of magnesium sulfate worksheet

Making magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate is a complex fertilizer. This simple salt is a
source of two nutrients – magnesium and sulfur. Magnesium sulfate occurs naturally as the
mineral kieserite, MgSO4.H2O. This is dissolved in water (usually hot) and the purified sulfate
is obtained by crystallization from solution. Industrially, the crystals are centrifuged, dried and
sieved. It is also prepared from magnesium oxide. This is obtained by the thermal decomposition

• magnesium hydroxide (obtained from sea water):

Mg(OH)2(s) = MgO(s) + H2O(g)

• magnesium carbonate (from the ore magnesite): MgCO3(s) = MgO(s) + CO2(g) In either
case, the oxide is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulphate: MgO(s) +
H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) Magnesium sulfate-7-water, MgSO4.7H2O, crystals are obtained by
evaporation. They may be recrystallised to increase purity. You can make magnesium sulfate-7-
water in the laboratory by reacting magnesium oxide with
Equipment and materials

• Weighing bottle (or small beaker)

• Balance

• Evaporating basin

• 250 cm3 beake

• Bunsen burner, tripod and gauze

• 25 cm3 measuring cylinder

• Filter funnel and filter paper

• Hot water bath

• Watch glass

• Thermometer (10 – 110 °C)

• Stirring rod

• 250 cm3 beaker to act as a water bath

• Sample bottle

• Spatula

• 1 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid, 25 cm3

• Magnesium oxide, 1.5 g

Method Care: Wear eye protection. 1 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid is an irritant.

1. Weight out about 1.5 g magnesium oxide.

2. Using a measuring cylinder, measure 25 cm3 of 1 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid into a 100 cm3
conical flask.

3. Warm the acid to about 60 °C and, while stirring the acid, add magnesium oxide a little at a
time. Make sure each portion dissolves before adding more. After about 1 g no more will
dissolve and you will see a cloudy suspension in the beaker.

4. Filter the warm mixture into an evaporating basin and evaporate the filtrate slowly over a hot
water bath at about 60 °C until crystals form.

5. Allow the concentrated solution to cool.

6. Filter off the crystals and put the filter paper and crystals on a watch glass and dab dry with
another piece of filter paper. Cover the crystals with a piece of clean filter paper and leave them
to dry at room temperature.

7. Label a sample tube with the name of the product, your name and the date. Weigh the labelled
sample tube and record its mass.

8. Tip your dry product into the sample tube. Weigh the tube again. Record its Calculations You
used an excess of magnesium oxide and so the theoretical yield depends on the volume of 1 mol
dm−3 sulfuric acid used.

Calculations:

From the equation

MgO(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l) 1 mole of sulfuric acid produces 1 mole of

magnesium sulfate.

Calculate

• the number of moles of H2SO4 in 25 cm3 of 1 mol dm−3 sulfuric acid;

• the number of moles of MgSO4 that can be made;

• the theoretical yield of magnesium sulfate-7-water, MgSO4.7H2O;

• the percentage yield of magnesium sulfate-7-water, MgSO4.7H2O. Mass.

Manufacturing
The raw material used in the manufacture of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is the
mineral kieserite. Kieserite, an almost white salt that is slowly soluble in cold water and more
easily soluble in hot water, forms naturally in marine evaporate deposits where seawater has been
concentrated and exposed to prolonged evaporation. A typical analysis of kieserite reveals 15.0%
magnesium (25% as magnesium oxide, 75% as magnesium sulfate), 20.0% sulfur (as sulphate),
up to 2.5% chlorides, and 12% water.
When not stored in closed containers, specimens of kieserite will absorb water from the air and
be converted to magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.
Magnesium sulfate is produced from sea water, mineral spring and minerals such as kieserite and
epsomite, or by reacting magnesium oxide with sulphuric acid.
Manufacturing Process
Magnesium oxide is prepared by igniting magnesium hydroxide (obtained from sea water)
or ignition of magnesite ore (consists of MgCO3). The magnesium oxide formed is then reacted
with sulfuric acid to produce magnesium sulfate. The target product is recrystallized for higher
purity.
Chemical Characterization
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is isolated via crystallization in the heptahydrate form
with a minimum chemical purity of 99.5% (w/w) following ignition. It also contains trace levels
of other mineral components. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is stable in moist air under 48°.
While, in dry air, it is effloresce to lose water of crystallization and become hexahydrate at room
temperature, monohydrate over 68° and anhydrous at 200 – 300°. Magnesium sulfate is partially
decomposed to magnesium oxide over 450°.
• Preparation of liquid fertiliser stock solutions

• Production of epsom, gypsum and other industrial products from the mill tailings of
Jhamarkotra rock phosphate project, India

• Testing Fertilizing Injector and Stock Tank Preparation

• Magnesium Sulphate fertilizer Suppliers

• Magnesium Sulphate fertilizer Sellers

 • Magnesium Sulphate fertilizer Selling leads

Uses of product:

Medical
Magnesium sulfate (medical use):

It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications
needed in a basic health system.

Magnesium sulfate is a common mineral pharmaceutical preparation of magnesium,

commonly known as Epsom salt, used both externally and internally. Magnesium sulfate is
highly water-soluble and solubility is inhibited with lipids typically used in lotions. Lotions often
employ the use of emulsions or suspensions to include both oil and water-soluble ingredients.
Hence, magnesium sulfate in a lotion may not be as freely available to migrate to the skin nor to
be absorbed through the skin, hence both studies may properly suggest absorption or lack thereof
as a function of the carrier (in a water solution vs. in an oil emulsion/suspension). Temperature
and concentration gradients may also be contributing factors to absorption.

Externally, magnesium sulfate paste is used to treat skin inflammations such as small boils
or localised infections. Known in the UK as 'drawing paste' it is also used to remove splinters. [6]
The standard British Pharmacopoeia composition is dried Magnesium Sulfate 47.76 % w/w,
Phenol 0.49 % w/w. and glycerol (E422).

Epsom salt is used as bath salts and for isolation tanks. Magnesium sulfate is the main
preparation of intravenous magnesium.

Internal uses include:

• Oral magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a saline laxative or osmotic purgative.

• Replacement therapy for hypomagnesemia

• Magnesium sulfate is a antiarrhythmic agent for torsades de pointes in cardiac arrest

under the ECC guidelines and for managing quinidine-induced arrhythmias.

• As a bronchodilator after beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents have been tried, e.g. in
 severe exacerbations of asthma, magnesium sulfate can be nebulized to reduce the
symptoms of acute asthma. It is commonly administered via the intravenous route for the
management of severe asthma attacks.

• Magnesium sulfate is effective in decreasing the risk that pre-eclampsia progresses to

eclampsia.[11] IV magnesium sulfate is used to prevent and treat seizures of eclampsia. It
reduces the systolic blood pressure but doesn't alter the diastolic blood pressure, so the
blood perfusion to the fetus isn't compromised. It is also commonly used for eclampsia
where compared to diazepam or phenytoin it results in better outcomes.

Agriculture:

In agriculture, magnesium sulfate is used to increase magnesium or sulfur content in soil.

It is most commonly applied to potted plants, or to magnesium-hungry crops, such as potatoes,
roses, tomatoes, lemon trees, carrots, and peppers. The advantage of magnesium sulfate over
other magnesium soil amendments (such as dolomitic lime) is its high solubility, which also
allows the option of foliar feeding. Solutions of magnesium sulfate are also nearly neutral,
compared with alkaline salts of magnesium as found in limestone; therefore, the use of
magnesium sulfate as a magnesium source for soil does not significantly change the soil pH.

Food preparation:

Magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer.

It may also be used as a coagulant for making tofu.

Chemistry:

Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a desiccant in organic synthesis due to

its affinity for water. During work-up, an organic phase is treated with anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. The hydrated solid is then removed with filtration or decantation. Other inorganic sulfate
salts such as sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate may be used in the same way.

Niche uses:

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is also used to maintain the magnesium concentration in

marine aquaria which contain large amounts of stony corals, as it is slowly depleted in their
calcification process. In a magnesium-deficient marine aquarium, calcium and alkalinity
concentrations are very difficult to control because not enough magnesium is present to stabilize
these ions in the saltwater and prevent their spontaneous precipitation into calcium carbonate.[16]

Minerals:

Magnesium sulfates are common minerals in geological environments. Their occurrence is

mostly connected with supergene processes. Some of them are also important constituents of
evaporitic potassium-magnesium (K-Mg) salts deposits.Bright spots observed by the Dawn
Spacecraft in Occator Crater on the dwarf planet Ceres are most consistent with reflected light
from magnesium sulfate hexahydrate. Almost all known mineralogical forms of MgSO 4 are
hydrates. Epsomite is the natural analogue of "Epsom salt". Another heptahydrate, the copper-
containing mineral alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, was recently recognized. Both are, however, not
the highest known hydrates of MgSO4, due to the recent terrestrial find of meridianiite,
MgSO4·11H2O, which is thought to also occur on Mars. Hexahydrite is the next lower (6)
hydrate. Three next lower hydrates—pentahydrite, starkeyite, and especially sanderite are rare.
Kieserite is a monohydrate and is common among evaporitic deposits. Anhydrous magnesium
sulfate was reported from some burning coal dumps.

Safety:

An abnormally elevated plasma concentration of magnesium is called hypermagnesemia.

Product profile

Magnesium Sulphate

Rs 11/ Kilogram Get Latest Price

Physical State : Powder
Usage : Laboratory, Industrial
Packaging Type: Drum, Hdpe Bag
Grade Standard: Reagent Grade, Technical Grade, Analytical Grade
Packaging Size : 25 Kg

Fertilizer Grade Magnesium Sulphate99% (MgSO4.7H2O)

• Certification: CIQ
• Purity: ≥99%
• Type: Magnesium Sulfate
• Appearance: Powder
• Grade Standard: Agriculture Grade
• Type..: Magnesium Sulphate
•  ISO 9001, ISO 9000, ISO 14001, ISO 14000,
OHSAS/ OHSMS 18001, HSE, ISO 14064, QC
080000, GMP, BSCI, BRC, SA 8000, QHSE,
HACCP, SEDEX, ISO 22000, AIB, GAP, IFS

CHAPTER - IV

OUTCOME LEARING 15 DAYS

Chemical learning is a change, resulting from practice or a novel experience, in the

capability for responding. It often involves improving the smoothness and accuracy of
movements and is obviously necessary for complicated movements such as speaking,
playing the piano, and climbing trees but it is also important for calibrating simple
movements like reflexes, as parameters of the body and environment change over time.
Chemical learning research often considers variables that contribute to chemical
program formation (i.e., underlying skilled chemical behavior), sensitivity of error-
detection processes, and strength of movement schemas Chemical learning is "relatively
permanent", as the capability to respond appropriately is acquired and retained.

As a result, the temporary processes that affect behaviour during practice or

experience should not be considered learning, but rather transient performance effects. As
such, the main components underlying the behavioral approach to chemical learning are
structure of practice and feedback given. The former pertains to the manipulation of
timing and organization of practice (potentially for different subtasks or variations of the
task) for optimal information retention (also see varied practice), while the latter pertains to
the influence of feedback on the preparation, anticipation, and guidance of movement.

  Chemical program is an abstract representation of movement that centrally

organizes and controls the many degrees of freedom involved in performing an
action .Signals transmitted through efferent and afferent pathways allow the central
nervous system to anticipate, plan or guide movement. Evidence for the concept of
chemical programs include the following

• Processing of afferent information (feedback) is too slow for on-going

regulation of rapid movements.
• Reaction time (time between “go” signal and movement initiation)
increases with movement complexity, suggesting that movements are
planned in advance.
• Movement is possible even without feedback from the moving limb.
Moreover, velocity and acceleration of feedforward movements such as
reaching are highly proportional to the distance of the target.
• The existence of chemical equivalence, i.e., the ability to perform the same
action in multiple ways for instance using different muscles or the same
muscles under different conditions. This suggests that a general code
specifying the final output exists which is translated into specific muscle
action sequences
• Brain activation precedes that of movement. For example, the
supplementary chemical area becomes active one second before voluntary
movement.
 This is not meant to underestimate the importance of feedback information, merely that
another level of control beyond feedback is used:

• Before the movement as information about initial position, or perhaps to

tune the spinal apparatus.
• During the movement, when it is either “monitored” for the presence of
error or used directly in the modulation of movements reflexively.
• After the movement to determine the success of the response and
contribute to chemical learning.
Objectives of the study:

• To know the industrial scope and respondents of T.chendur chemical private limited

• To know the departments function in the company.

• To know the important features of the company.

• To study the effectiveness of department.

CHAPTER-V
CONCLUSION
The future for the Indian Bank looks promising, beyond by both strong domestic
consumption as well as export demand. With consumerism and disposable income on the rise,
the retail sector has experienced a rapid growth in the past decade with the entry of several
international players like Marks & Spencer, Guess and Next into the Indian market. High
economic growth has resulted in higher disposable income. This has led to rise in demand for
products creating a huge domestic market. The company utilize the opportunities and to promote
the business in higher level.
 REFERANCE
BIBLOGRAPHY:
BOOK:

• Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride"
(PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B.
doi:10.1086/163620.

• Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida:
Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

• K. A. Gschneider, Solid State Phys. 16, 308 (1964)

• Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride"
(PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B.
doi:10.1086/163620.

• Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
pp. 305–06. ISBN 978-0131755536.

• Ash, Russell (2005). The Top 10 of Everything 2006: The Ultimate Book of Lists. Dk
Pub. ISBN 0-7566-1321-3. Archived from the original on 2006-10-05.

• Jump up to: a b "Abundance and form of the most abundant elements in Earth's
continental crust" (PDF). Retrieved 15 February 2008.

• Anthoni, J Floor (2006). "The chemical composition of seawater". seafriends.org.nz.

• Jump up to: a b c d e "Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Magnesium". Office of Dietary

Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 13 October
 2016.

• Jump up to: a b Dreizin, Edward L.; Berman, Charles H. & Vicenzi, Edward P. (2000).
"Condensed-phase modifications in magnesium particle combustion in air". Scripta
Materialia. 122: 30–42. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00101-2.[permanent dead link]

WEBSITES:
• Www.Tmr.Com
• Www.T.Chendur Chemical. In
• www.alok.in