Kalvi Kadal: Jpuj Jpaikf FG GL L GHLJ JPL LJ JPD GB KHJPHP TPDHJ Jhs - 1 (2020-2021)

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in
2021>Nk muRg;nghJj;Njh;tpy;
vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; tpdh tpilfs;
jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;gb
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;-1 (2020-2021)
Neuk;: 3:kzp tFg;G-12 kjpg;ngz;:90
nghJj;jkpo;
gFjp-1
midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf 14x1=14
1. “kpd;Ndh; jdpahop ntq;fjpnuhd;W VidaJ

jd;Ndh; ,yhj jkpo;!” - ,t;tbfspy; gapd;W te;Js;s njhileak;
L
m) mbNkhid> mbvJif M) rPh;Nkhid> rPh;vJif
,) mbvJif> rPh;Nkhid <) rPh;vJif> mbNkhid
A
2. itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wyhpJ – vjw;F?
m) nra;ahky; nra;j cjtp M) gad;J}f;fhh; nra;j cjtp
,) jpidj;Jiz ed;wp <) fhyj;jpdhy; nra;j ed;wp
D
3. “cth cw te;J $Lk;
cLgjp> ,utp xj;jhh;” – ahh; ahh;?
m) rlhA> ,uhkd;
,) ,uhkd;> Ffd;
4. gpioahd njhliuf; fz;lwpf
A
M) ,uhkd;> Rf;ht
<) ,uhkd;> rthp
P d;
K
m) fhisfisg; G+l;b taiy cOjdh;.
M) kiy kPJ Vwpf; fy;ntl;Lfisf; fz;lwpe;jdh;.
,) fhisapy; G+j;j ky;ypif kdk; tPrpaJ.
<) new;gaph;fs; kio ePhpy; %o;fpd.
I
5. ‘cs;nshd;W itj;J Gwk;nghd;W NgRthh;’ - ,j;njhlh; czh;j;Jk; gz;G

m) Neh;kiwg;gz;G M) vjph;kiwg;gz;G
LV
,) Kuz; gz;G <) ,it midj;Jk;

6. ‘chpikj;jhfk;’ vd;Dk; rpWfijapd; Mrphpah;
m) cj;jkr; Nrhod; M) Gjikg;gpj;jd;
,) n[afhe;jd; <) G+kzp
7. ‘Fopkhw;W’ ve;jj; JiwNahL njhlh;Gila nrhy;?
A
m) ,yf;fpak; M) fzpjk;
,) Gtpapay; <) Ntshz;ik
8. ,yf;fpaj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; xU Nrug; NgRk; ,yf;fzE}y;
K
m) ahg;gUq;fyf;fhhpif M) jz;bayq;fhuk;
,) njhy;fhg;gpak; <) ed;E}y;
9. ‘gyh; JQ;rTk; jhk; JQ;rhd;’ - tpopj;jpUe;jtUk; mtiug; ghbatUk;-
m) Nrhod; neLq;fps;spia> ghzh;
M) Nrhod; eyq;fps;spia> NfhT+H fpohh;
,) fizf;fhy; ,Uk;nghiwia> fgpyh;
<) fhpfhyid> cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhh;
10. ‘METRO TRAIN’ vd;gjd; jkpohf;fk;
m) kfh njhlh;tz;b M) nkfh njhlh;tz;b
,) khefuj; njhlh;tz;b <) ngUefuj; njhlh;tz;b
Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020
Please send your Materials & Question Papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (OR) Whatsapp - 9385336929
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11. jkpopy; jpizghFghL ………….. mbg;gilapy; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

m) nghUl;Fwpg;G M) nrhw;Fwpg;G
,) njhlh;fF; wpg;G <) vOj;Jf;Fwpg;G
12. ‘cd;dyph;’ – vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
m) tpidahyizAk; ngah; M) Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W
,) Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W <) tpidnar;rk;
13. ‘jho;fly;’ – vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
m) Ntw;Wikj;njhif M) tpidj;njhif
,) gz;Gj;njhif <) ctikj;njhif
14. nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLf;f
m) chpikj;jhfk; - 1. ghurPrf; ftpQh;
L
M) mQ;Qhb - 2. G+kzp
,) [yhYj;jPd; &kp - 3. gf;jtr;ry ghujp
A
<) jkpoh; FLk;g Kiw - 4. Rhjpj;jpa mfhnjkp
m) 2>3>4>1 M) 3>4>1>2
,) 2>4>1>3 <) 2>3>4>1
D
gFjp - II
gphpT – 1
,uz;L my;yJ %d;W thpfspy; tpiljUf
vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F tpiljUf A 3x2=6
K
15. ftpQh; rpw;gp vtw;iw tpae;J ghl jkpopd; Jiz Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;?
16. fyptpoh> xyptpoh – tpsf;fk; jUf.
17. tWikAk; rpWikAk; jUtJ vJ?
18. ,iwkfdhhpd; ,d;diyf; fz;L kf;fs; vt;tpjk; Gyk;gpdh;?
I
LV
gphpT – 2
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpiljUf 2x2=4
19. “Gf;fpy;> jd;kid” – rpWFwpg;G vOJf

20. ‘gUtj;Nj gaph; nra;’ – Neu Nkyhz;ikNahL nghUj;jp vOJf
A
21. mf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tp Kiwapy; ‘kddg; gapw;rpf;F’ cjtpa E}y;fs; vit?
gphpT – 3
K
vitNaDk; VoDf;F tpiljUf 7x2=14
22. ty;ypd nka;ia ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJf

ek; tho;f;ifapd; juk; ekJ ftdj;jpd; juj;ij nghWj;jpUf;fpwJ. Gj;jfk;
gbf;Fk; nghOJ $h;e;jf; ftdk; mwpit ngWtjw;Fk; mbg;gil NjitahFk;.
23. kaq;nfhypr; nrhw;fis xNu njhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf
fiy> fis> fio
24. njhlhpYs;s gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf
m) mg;grp mlkioapy; CUdp epiwe;jJ
M) khdk; ghh;j;j G+kpapy; gapW tiffs; gapuplg;gLfpd;wd.
25. VNjDk; xd;wDf;F kl;Lk; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf

m) gopj;jdh; M) te;J
26. fiyr; nrhw;fSf;Nfw;w jkpo;r;nrhy; vOJf
m) Stapler M) Jurisdiction
27. Ngr;R tof;if vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wf

m) Gs;isf;F clk;G rhpapy;iy %Z ehsh rpukg;gLJ.
M) ‘T+l;lhz;l ntisahz;l nfhae;ijia mg;gh vq;f ,];JfpZ NghdhU.
28. VNjDk; xd;wDf;Fg; Gzh;rr ; p tpjp jUf
m) ntq;fjph; M) Kd;Dil
29. nrhy;iyg; gphpj;Jk; Nrh;j;Jk; njhluikf;f
L
m) jhkiu
30. xU tpfw;gk;> gy tpfw;gk; vd;why; vd;d?
A
gFjp – III
gphpT-1
D
Ie;J my;yJ MW thpfspy; tpil jUf 2x4=8
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F kl;Lk; tpiljUf
A
31. ‘Vq;nfhypePh; Qhyj;J ,Usfw;Wk;’ - ,lQ;Rl;bg; nghUs; tpsf;Ff.
32. ehl;ba muq;fpd; mikg;ig ,sq;Nfhtbfs; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; ghq;F Fwpj;J cq;fs;
fUj;ij vOJf.
K
33. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; fe;jNtsplk; vj;jifNahh; cwT Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;fpwhh;?
34. “ahid Gf;f Gyk;Nghyj; jhDk; cz;zhd; cyfKk; nfLNk”- ctikiaAk;
nghUisAk; nghUj;jp tpsf;Ff.
I
gphpT-2
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F kl;Lk; tpiljUf 2x4=8
LV
35. rq;fg; ghly;fspy; xypf;Nfhyk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU gz;ghFk; - tpsf;Ff.

36. gz;ila tphpe;j FLk;gj;jpd; njhlh;r;rpNa ,d;iwa $l;Lf; FLk;gk; - tpsf;fk;
vOJf.
37. Ntshz; Nkyhz;ik Fwpj;J ePtph; ghpe;Jiug;gdtw;iw vOJf
A
38. kzypy; vOjpaJ Kjy; jw;fhyk; tiu vOJk; Kiwapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s khw;wq;fisj;
njhFj;Jiuf;f.
K
gphpT-2
vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk; tpiljUf 3x4=12
39. ‘vWk;G Cuf; fy;Yk; NjAk;’ – vd;Dk; gonkhopapid Ek; tho;f;if epfo;tpy;
mikj;J vOJf.
40. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyadpia tpthp
(my;yJ)
md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if
gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ - ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;Ff
41. jkpohf;fk; jUf

m) A new language is a new life
M) Knowledge of language is the doorway to wisdom
,) The limits of my language are the limits of my world
<) Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere
42. gh eak; ghuhl;Lf: ikaf;fUj;ij vOjp VNjDk; %d;W eaq;fis vOJf
G+kpr; rUfhk; ghiyia
Kj;JG+j;j fly;fshf;FNtd;
Gaiyf; $WgLj;jpNa – Nfhbg;
Gjpa njd;wyhf;FNtd;
,utpd; tpz;kPd; fhrpid – nrYj;jp
L
,utyNuhL NgRNtd;!
,unthpf;Fk; ghpjpia – Vio
A
tpwnfhpf;f tPRNtd;
- eh.fhkuhrd;.
43. gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfspy; VNjDk; xd;wpy; vl;L thpfspy; ftpij Gidf
D
el;G (my;yJ) ,aw;if
gFjp – IV
A
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F ,U gf;fq;fSf;F kpfhky; tpil jUf 3x6=18
K
44. m) gz;gpd; gbkkhfg; gilf;fg;gl;l ,uhkd;> gpw caph;fSld; nfhz;bUe;j cwT
epiyiag; ghlg;gFjp top epWTf
my;yJ
M) nra;e;ed;wpawpjNy mwk; vd;gij thAiw tho;j;jpd; Jiznfhz;L epWTf.
45. m) gz;ilaf; fhyf; fy;tpKiwapy; Mrphpah; khzth;fspilNa epfo;e;j fw;wy;>
I
fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisj; njhFj;J vOJf

LV
my;yJ
M) ftpijapd; eiliaf; fl;likf;Fk; mofpay; $Wfis vLj;Jf;fhl;b tpsf;Ff.
46. m) ghujpapd; fbjk; thapyhf ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhz;l nkhopg;gw;W> r%fg;gw;W
Mfpatw;iw tpthpf;f.
my;yJ
M) ‘fpuhkq;fs; jq;fs; Kfthpia ,oe;J tUfpd;wd’ - ,J Fwpj;J cq;fs;
A
fUj;ij tpthpf;f.
gFjp- V
K
mbkhwhky; nra;As; tbtpy; vOJf 4+2=6
47. m) ghjjw; FOkp vd;W njhlq;Fk; ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfg; ghliy vOJf

M) ‘kfw;F’ vd KbAk; jpUf;Fwis vOJf
jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;gb
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;-1 (2020-2021)
tFg;G-12
nghJj;jkpo;
tpilfs;
L
gFjp - I
midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf 14x1=14
A
1.
,) mbvJif> rPh;Nkhid
2.
m) nra;ahky; nra;j cjtp
D
3.
M) ,uhkd;> Rf;uPtd;
4.
,) fhisapy; G+j;J ky;ypif kdk; tPrpaJ
5.
,) Kuz; gz;G
6.
<) G+kzp
7.
M) fzpjk;
8.
,) njhy;fhg;gpak;
A
K
9.
M) Nrhod; eyq;fps;spia> NfhT+H;fpohh;
10.
,) khefuj; njhlh;tz;b
11.
m) nghUl;Fwpg;G
12.
,) Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
13.
M) tpidj;njhif
I
14.
,) 2> 4> 1> 3
LV
gFjp – II
gphpT – 1
vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F tpil jUf 3x2=6
15. nre;epwj;J thdk;Nghyj; jq;fs; iffs; rpte;jpl ciof;Fk; njhopyhsh;fspd;

A
tpah;it nts;sk; mth;fspd; jpuz;l Njhs;kPJ Kj;JKj;jha; tPw;wpUf;Fk;. ,e;j

mofpid tpae;J ghlr; nre;jkpod; Jiz Ntz;Lnkdf; ftpQh; rpw;gp $Wfpwhh;.
K
16. fyptpoh - jpUkapiyapy; eilngWk; vOr;rp kpf;f tpoh

xyptpoh - jpUkapiyapy; eilngWk; Muthu tpoh
17. XUtUf;Fj; Jd;gk; gytw;iwAk; cz;lhf;fp mtUila Gfiof; nfLj;Jr;

rpWikAk; tWikAk; jUtJ #J MFk;.
18. ,iwkfDf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l ,d;dy;fisf; fz;L kdk; nghWf;fhj kf;fs;.

“,j;jid nfhLikfSf;Fg; gpwFk; ,t;Tyfk; gpse;J ntbf;ftpy;iyNa! thdk;
,be;J tpotpy;iyNa! fly;ePh; tw;wpg;Nghftpy;iyNa! ,e;j cyfk; ,d;Dk;
mopahky; jhkjpg;gJk; VNdh” vd tUe;jpg; Gyk;gpdh;.
gphpT – 2
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpiljUf 2x2=4
19. Gf;fpy;:
Gf;fpy; vd;gJ jw;fhypfkhfj; jq;Fk; ,lj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
jd;kid:
jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; fztDk; kidtpAk; ngw;NwhhplkpUe;J gphpe;J
jdpahf thOk; ,lk; jd;kid vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
20. gUtepiy khw;wq;fis mwpe;J ve;jg; gUtj;jpy; vijg; gaph; nra;jhy; tpisr;ry;
if$b tUk;. ciog;Gf;Fg; gyd; fpl;Lk; vd;gijj; njhpe;J gaph; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
L
,y;iynad;why; kiof;fhyj;jpy; cg;G tpw;Fk; fijahfpLk;. mJNghy fhyj;NjhL
nra;a Ntz;ba nraiyf; fhyk; flj;jpr; nra;tjd; %yk; mr;nraYf;Ff; fpilf;f
Ntz;ba gyd; KOikahff; fpilf;fhky; Nghfyhk;.
A
MfNt me;je;jf; fhyj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;batw;iwr; rhpahf Neh;j;jpahf nra;a Neu
Nkyhz;ik kpf kpf mtrpak;.
D
21. epfz;L> ed;D}y;> fhhpif> jz;bayq;fhuk;> ePjp E}y;fs;> fzpjj;jpy;
fPo;thapyf;fk;> Nky;thapyf;fk;> Fopkhw;W Kjypa gytif tha;ghLfs;> Mj;jp#b>
nfhd;iwNte;jd; Nghd;wit mf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpKiwapy; kidg; gapw;rpf;F
cjtpa E}y;fshFk;.
A
K
gphpT – 3
vitNaDk; VoDf;F tpiljUf 7x2=14
22. ek; tho;f;ifapd; juk; ekJ ftdj;jpd; juj;ijg; nghWj;jpUf;fpwJ. Gj;jfk;

gbf;Fk; nghOJ $h;e;j ftdk; mwpitg; ngWtjw;Fk; mbg;gilj; NjitahFk;.
I
(gf;:70)
LV
23. fiy – El;gk;> Mil> fy;tp> fiykhd;

fis – ePf;F> moF
fio - %q;fpy;
fio fhl;by; jPg;gpbj;jjhy; fisnrbfSld; Nrh;e;J fiykhd;fSk;
A
jPf;fpiuahfpd. (gf;:44)
24. m) Ig;grp milkioapy; CUzp epiwe;jJ

K
M) thdk; ghh;j;j G+kpapy; gaW tiffs; gapug;gLfpd;wd. (gf;:102)
25. VNjDk; xd;wDf;Fg; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf

m) gopj;jdh; - gop+j;+j;+md;+mh;
gop – gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; - rhhpia
mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;WtpFjp (gf;:199)
M) te;J – th(t)+j;(e;) +j; +c

th – gFjp ‘t’ vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk;
j; - re;jp> ‘j;’> ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
c – tpidnar;rtpFjp (gf;:9)
26. fiyr;nrhw;fSf;F Vw;w jkpo;r;nrhy; vOJf

m) Stapler - fk;gp ijg;Gf; fUtp (gf;:218)
M) Jurisdiction - mjpfhu vy;iy (gf;:128)
L
27. Ngr;R tof;if vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wf.
m) gps;isf;F (Foe;ijf;F) clk;G rhpapy;iy %d;W ehl;fshff; rpukg;gLfpwJ.
(gf;:127)
A
M) tPl;bd; mUfpy; tpisahbf; nfhz;bUe;j Foe;ijia mg;gh vq;F ,Oj;Jf;
nfhz;L Nghdhh;. (gf;:127)
D
28. VNjDk; xd;wpDf;Fg; Gzh;rr ; p tpjp jUf
m) ntq;fjph; - ntk;ik + fjph;
i. ‘<WNghjy;’ > ntk;fjph;
A
ii. ‘Kd;dpd;w nka;jphpjy;’ > ntq;fjph; (gf;:9)
M) Kd;Dil – Kd; + cil
K
i. ‘jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk;’ > Kd;d; + cil
ii. ‘cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng’ > Kd;Dil (gf;:199)
29. nrhy;iyg; gphpj;Jk; Nrh;j;Jk; njhluikf;f

I
jhkiu – G+
LV
jhkiu – jh + kiu = jhTfpd;w khd;

i. jhkiu kyh; ekJ ehl;bd; Njrpa kyuhFk;.
ii. Gyp Ntl;ilahLk; NghJ Ntfkhfj; jh(Tk;) kiuapd; (jhTfpd;w khdpd;)
Xl;lk; ek;ik nka;rpyph;f;f itf;Fk;.
A
30. xU tpfw;gk;
xU tpfw;gk; vd;why; ntz;ghtpd; vy;yh mbfSk; XNu vJif ngw;W
tUtJ MFk;.
K
gy tpfw;gk;
gy tpfw;gk; vd;why; ntz;ghtpd; mbfspy; NtWNtW vJif ngw;W
tUtJ MFk;.
gFjp – III
gphpT-1
Ie;J my;yJ MW thpfspy; tpil jUf 2x4=8
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F kl;Lk; tpiljUf
31. ,lk;:
 ,g;ghly; thp jz;bayq;fhuk; vd;Dk; mzp ,yf;fz E}ypd; nghUszpapaypy;
,lk; ngw;Ws;s ciu Nkw;Nfhs; ghlyhFk;. ,jd; Mrphpah; jz;b Mthh;.
nghUs;:
 xypf;fpd;w flyhy; #og;gl;l ,t;Tyfj;jpd; ,Uis mfw;Wtd ,uz;L xd;W
L
#hpad;> kw;nwhd;W jdf;F epfh; ,y;yhj jkpo;nkhop vd;gNj ,j;njhlhpd;
nghUshFk;.
tpsf;fk;:
A
 vg;NghJk; xypnaOg;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fly; #o;e;j ,e;j cyfpd; ,Uis
mfw;Wk; fjputd; kf;fshy; Nghw;wg;gl;L> cah;e;j kiyfSf;F ,ilNa
Njhd;wp> rhd;Nwhuhy; njhog;gLfpd;w xd;whFk;. jkpNoh> kiyapy; Njhd;wpdhYk;
D
kf;fspd; mwpahik ,Uis mfw;Wk; rpwg;GilaJ.
32. ehl;ba muq;fpd; mikg;G:

A
 jpwk;glf; fw;Wzh;e;j rpw;g E}yhrphpauhy; nrhy;yg;gl;l ,ay;GfspypUe;J
khWglhj ed;dpyj;ij Mly; muq;fpw;fhfj; Njh;e;njLj;jdh;.
K
 nghjpif kiy Nghd;w kiyfspNy ePz;L tsh;e;j %q;fpy;fspNy>
xd;Wf;nfhd;W ,ilNa xU rhz; msT fZf;fisf; nfhz;l %q;fpiyf;
nfhz;L te;jdh;.
 jk; ifg;ngUtpuypy; ,Ugj;J ehd;F mstpidf; nfhz;ljhf mk;%q;fpiy
I
ntl;bdh;.
 muq;fj;jpd; ePsk; vl;Lf;Nfhy;> mfyk; VONfhy;> cauk; xUNfhy;.
LV
 cj;jpug;gyiff;Fk; jsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gyiff;Fk; ,ilntsp ehd;FNfhy;

msT
 muq;fj;jpd; cs;Ns nry;yTk; ntspNa tuTk; ,U thapy;fs;
 J}z;fspd; epoyhdJ mitapYk; ehlf muq;fpYk;> tpohjgb ey;y mofhd
epiy tpsf;Ffs; mike;jpUe;jd.
A
 xUKfj;jpiu> nghUKfj;jpiu> fue;Jtuy; jpiu vd %d;Wtifahf jpiufs;

mikj;jdh;
K
 Xtpa Ntiyg;ghLkpf;f Nky; tpjhdk; mike;jpUe;jJ.

 rpwe;j Kj;Jfshy; ,ad;w khiyfis muq;fk; KOtJk; njhq;ftpl;ldh;.
 ,t;thW vq;fpUe;J ghh;j;jhYk; ehl;ba epfo;r;rp fhzj;jf;f tifapy;
jpl;lkplg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk;> Ml;l muq;F> Ml;lj;ijf; fz;L Ritg;gth;
mkUk; mitiatpl caukhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; njspTglf;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
33. ,sk; ngz;fs; midtUk; ,ize;J Muthuj;NjhL nfhz;lhb kfpOk;

jpUtpohf;fs; epiwe;j tPjpfisAila nghpa Ch; jpUkapiy. kapiy vd;W
miof;fg;gLk; kapyhg;G+hpy; fghyPr;ruk; vd;Dk; Nfhtpypy; tPw;wpUf;Fk;
,iwtDf;Fj; jpir NjhWk; G+irapLk; gq;Fdp cj;jpu jpUtpoh Muthuj;NjhL

eilngw;wJ vd jpUQhd rk;ge;jh; $Wfpwhh;.
34. ctik:
ahid GFe;J cz;zj; njhlq;Fk; epyj;jpy; tpise;j ney;fjph; mjd; thAs;
GFtij tpl fhy;fspy; kpjpgl;L moptJ kpFjpahfp nfl;Lg; NghFk;.
ghly; nghUs;:
Kiwawpah kd;dd; kf;fis tw;GWj;jp thpia t#y; nra;jhy; kf;fs;
Jd;gg;gl;L thpiaf; nfhLg;gh;. murd; jdJ Njitf;F mjpfkhf thp t#y;
nra;jhy; ehl;L kf;fs; mtdJ Ml;rpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;skhl;lhh;fs;
ctikAk; nghUSk; nghUj;jk;:
L
Kiwawpah kd;dd; kf;fis tw;GWj;jp thpia kf;fsplk; ,Ue;J ngWtJ
ahid GFe;J cz;zj; njhlq;Fk; epyj;jpy; tpise;j ney;fjph;> mjd; thapDs;
GFtijtplf; fhy;fspy; kpjpgl;L moptJ kpFjpahfNt ,Uf;Fk;. vt;tpj eyKk;
A
fpilf;fhJ. ahid jhd; cz;Zk; msit tpl fhy;fshy; mopg;gJ kpFjpahjy;
Nghy;> murd; jdf;Fj; Njitahd msitAk; ngwhky;> mopT mjpfkhfNt
,Uf;Fk;.
D
murd; Kiwawpe;J thp t#ypj;jhy; ehl;L kf;fs; tpUg;gj;NjhL mspj;J
kf;fSk; kfpo;r;rpNahL tho ehl;bd; nry;t tsk; ngUFk;.
Kiw mwpahJ thp t#ypf;Fk; kd;dDf;F ahidAk;> mjdhy; mopAk;
A
kf;fSf;F kpjpgl;L mopAk; fjph;fSk; ctikahapd.
K
gphpT-2
vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F kl;Lk; tpiljUf 2x4=8
35. xypf;Nfhyk;:
 ,irNahLk; ,irf;fUtpNahLk; jhd; nkhop rhh;e;j ftpij gpwf;Fk;
I
 XirAk; nghUSk; ,ize;J fiytbtk; nfhs;tij xypf;Nfhyk;

LV
(xypg;gpd;dy;) vd;gh;
 td;ik czh;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;j rq;fg;ghlypy; ty;ypd nka;nahypfs;
kpFjpahf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
rhd;W: fle;jL jhid…… (Gwk;:110)
 ,dpa ,irf;fhf neby; xypfs; mjpfkhf ,lk;ngWk;
A
rhd;W: glhmk; <j;j…. (Gwk;:145)

 rpy xypfSk; rpy nrhw;fSk; jpUk;g jpUk;gtUk; jd;ikAk; cz;L.
rhd;W: Gzhpd; GzuhJ…..(ew;:16)
K
 nrhy;tpisahl;LfSk; rq;fg;ghly;fspy; ,lk;ngWtJ cz;L.

rhd;W: Ee;ij je;ijf;F ,td; je;ij je;ij….(Gwk;:290)
,itNa rq;fg;ghly;fspy; xypf;Nfhyk; nfhz;bUe;j Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
gz;GfshFk;.
36. tphpe;j FLk;gk;:

jdpf;FLk;g mikg;gpy; ngw;Nwhh; xUthpd; je;ijAk; cld; tho;tJ tphpe;j FLk;g
mikg;G KiwahFk;.
$l;Lf;FLk;gk;:
,e;j tphpe;j FLk;gj;jpd; njhlh;r;rpNa $l;Lf; FLk;gkhf ,d;iwa r%fj;jpy;
khw;wk; ngw;Ws;sJ. $l;Lf; FLk;gk; vd;gJ ngw;Nwhh;> mth;fsJ kzkhfhj
gps;isfs;> kzk; Kbj;j gps;isfs; mth;fsJ Jizth;> mth;fsJ gps;isfs;
,ize;J tho;tjhFk;. rpy Neuq;fspy; $l;Lf;FLk;gq;fspy; ngw;Nwhhpd;
cld;gpwe;jth;fs;> ngw;Nwhh;fspd; jha;> je;ij> ,uj;j cwthy; gpizf;fg;gl;l
Neh;top> fpistop cwtpdh;fs; vd midtUk; xNu tPl;by; xNu FLk;gkhf
tho;tJ $l;Lf; FLk;gkhFk;.
37. Ntshz; Nkyhz;ik gw;wp ehd; ghpe;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs;:

 rhpahd gapiuj; Njh;e;njLj;jy;
L
 chpa Neuj;jpy; tpijj;jy;
 ePh; Nkyhz;ikia newpg;gLj;Jjy;
A
 mWtilf;Fg; gpd; ghJfhj;jy;
 chpa tpiy tUk;tiu ,Ug;G itj;jy;
 vd;W xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; tpopg;Gzh;Tk;> nghWg;Gzh;Tk;> epUthf newpAk;
D
,ize;jhy; Ntshz;ik nropf;Fk;
 fk;guhkhazj;jpy;> jrujd; jd; ehl;il kpfTk; nrg;gkhfTk;> EZf;fkhfTk;
Ml;rp nra;jhd; vd;gijf; fk;gh;.
“itafk; KOtJk; twpQd; Xk;Gk; Xh;A
nra; vdf; fhj;J ,dpJmuR nra;fpd;whd;” (ghyfhz;lk; - 179)
K
 vd;fpwhh;. twpatd; xUtd; jd; rpW taiyg; ghJfhg;gJ Nghy> ,t;Tyfk;
KOtijAk; ghJfhj;J kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; Ml;rp nra;jhd; vd;W mth;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
 kdNk xU Ntshz;ikf;Fl;gl;l Nkyhz;ikAilaNj
I
“,d;nrhy; tpisepydh <jNy tpj;jhf

LV
td;nrhy; fisf;fl;L tha;ik vUtl;b

md;GePh; gha;r;rp mwf;fjph; <dXh;
igq;$o; rpWfhiyr; nra;” (mwnewpr;rhuk;-16)
 vd;fpw newpiar; nra;gth;fNs rpwe;j Nkyhsh;fshfTk; epUthfpfshfTk;
,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fspy; gzpGhpgth;fs; gzpiag; ghukhf;fhky; rhukhf;Fthh;fs;.
A
38. Mrphpah; Kjypy; khzhf;fh;fspd; tyf;if Ms;fhl;b tpuiyg; gpbj;Jj; jl;by;

gug;gp itj;Js;s mhprp my;yJ jhdpaq;fspy; vOjpf;fhl;Lthh;. kzypy; vOj;jpd;
K
thptbit vOJthh;. khzhf;fh; xyp tbit ed;whfr; nrhy;yj; njhpe;j gpd;Gjhd;

thptbit Xiyapy; tiue;J fhl;Lthh;. Xiyia ,lf;ifapy; gpbj;J>
tyf;ifahy; vOj;jhzpiaf; nfhz;L vOjpg; gof;Fthh;. vOj;jhzpiag; gpbj;J
vOJk;NghJ Xiyiaj;jhd; efh;j;Jthh;. vOj;jhzp gpbj;j ,lj;jpypUe;Nj tiuAk;.
Xiyapy; thpthpahf vOj;jpd;kPJ kw;Nwhh; vOj;Jg;glhkYk;> xUthpapd; kPJ
kw;Nwhh; thp ,izahkYk; Nghjpa ,lk; tpl;L vOJthh;fs;. fy;ntl;Lfspy;
fy;jr;rh;fshy; rpw;Wsp nfhz;L vOj;Jfs; nghwpf;fg;gl;ld. fspkz; gyifapYk;
vOj;jhzp nfhz;Nl vOjpdh;. vOj;Jfspd; cUtk; gy fhykhf khwhky; ,Ue;J.
fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y vOJNfhiyg; gad;gL;j;jpf; fhfpjq;fspy; vOJk; Kiwiaf;
fw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;. fhfpjq;fspy; vOJk;NghJ ifia efh;j;jp vOJth;.
gphpT-3
vitNaDk; %d;wDfF kl;Lk; tpiljUf 3x4=12
39. gonkhop tpsf;fk;:

xU nraiyr; nra;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpia ehk; njhlh;e;J Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk;
vd;why; Kbtpy; ehk; vz;zpa Nehf;fk; epr;rakhf epiwNtWk;.
tho;tpay; epfo;T:
fgb tpisahl;by; rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; vd; ez;gd; Ntytd;. kz;lymstpy;
eilngWk; Nghl;bapy; fye;J nfhs;s mtdJ ngw;Nwhh; rk;kjpf;ftpy;iy.
vg;NghJk; tpisahbf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; gbg;gpy; mtd; ftdk; rpjWfpd;wJ vd;W
mtd; ngw;Nwhh; epidj;jdh;. Ntytd; tpisahlr; nry;ytpy;iy vd;why; jq;fs;
L
mzp Njhy;tpia mile;JtpLk; Nkw;nfhz;L khtl;l mstpNyh khepy mstpNyh
tpisahl KbahJ vd;gij mwpe;j mtd; gs;sp fgb tpisahl;L tPuh;fs;
A
tUj;jk; mile;jdh;.
mth;fs; midtUk; xd;whfr; Nrh;e;J Ntytd; tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W mtdJ
ngw;Nwhhplk; Nfl;gJ vd;W KbT nra;J midtUk; Ntytd; tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W
D
mtdJ ngw;Nwhhplk; njhlh;e;J Nfl;ldh;.
khzth;fs; Nfl;ljhy; Ntytdpd; ngw;Nwhh; Ntytid mioj;J ,dpNky;
xOq;fhfg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidAld; mtd; tpisahl mDkjp
A
mspj;jdh;. vWk;G Cuf; fy;Yk; NjAk; vd;gJ cz;ikjhd;.
40. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp

K
mzp ,yf;fzk;
nra;Aspy; te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPzL ; k; te;J je;j nghUisNa jpUk;gj;
jpUk;g je;jhy; mJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp MFk;.
rhd;W:
I
vg;nghUs; ahh;ahh;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mt;nghUs;

LV
nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

rhd;W tpsf;fk;:
vg;nghUis ahh; ahh; nrhy;yf; Nfl;lhYk; mg;nghUspd; nka;ahd nghUisf;
fhz;gNj mwpthFk;.
mzpg;nghUj;jk;:
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; nghUs; vd;w nrhy; kPzL ; k; kPz;Lk; te;J XNu nghUisj;
A
jUtjhy; ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
(my;yJ)
K
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp epuy;epiw mzpahFk;

mzp ,yf;fzk;:
xU nra;Aspy; Kjypy; xU nrhy;iyAk; nghUisAk; thpirahf (epuyhf)
epWj;jp> mt;thpir gbNa nghUs; nfhs;Sk; Kiw epuy; epiwahFk;. mjhtJ rpy
nrhw;fis Kjypy; xU thpirapy; itj;J mr;nrhw;fNshL njhlh;Gila nrhw;fis
mLj;j thpirapy; Kiwkhwhky; nrhy;tJ epuy; epiw mzpahFk;.
rhd;W:
‘md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if
gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ’
ghly; nghUs;:
,y;tho;f;ifapy; ehk; md;Gk; mwDk; nfhz;L xOfpdhy;> mJNt ekf;F
tho;f;ifapd; gz;gpidAk; gaidAk; KOikahfj; jUk;.
mzpg;nghUj;jk;:
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; md;G> mwd; vd;w nrhw;fis Kjypy; xU thpirapy; epWj;jpa
jpUts;Sth; mtw;NwhL njhlh;Gila gz;G> gad; vd;gtw;iw KiwNa mLj;j
thpirapy; ,izj;Jg; nghUs; nfhs;SkhW mikj;Js;shh;. vdNt ,e;jj;
jpUf;Fws; epuy;epiw mzpahFk;.
41. m) Gjpa nkhop Gjpa tho;f;if

M) nkhopfspd; mwpT Qhdj;jpd; jpwTNfhy / topj;jlk;
L
,) vd; nkhopapd; vy;iy vd; cyfj;jpd; vy;iy
<) fw;NwhUf;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G
A
42. Gjpa G+kp
D
Kd;Diu:
eh.fhkuhrd; jkpo; GJf;ftpij ,af;f Kd;NdhbAk; jkpo;j;jpiug;glg;
ghlyhrphpaUk; Mthh;. njhlf;fj;jpy; kuGf; ftpijfs; vOjp te;j ,th;
A
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; trdftpij> GJf;ftpij Mfpa JiwfSf;F khwp mtw;wpNy jd;
rpwg;ig ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. ‘GJf;ftpij Mrhd;’ vd;W miof;fg;gl;l eh.fhkuhrd;
mth;fs; vOjpAs;s ,g;ghlypd; eaq;fisf; fhz;Nghk;.
K
ikaf;fUj;J:
,y;yhik vd;gJ ,y;yhky; MfNtz;Lk; ehnlq;Fk; tsik nropf;f Ntz;Lk;
nrhy;eak;:
rpwe;j nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L ftpijia eak;glg; ghbAs;shh; ftpQh;
I
,g;ghlypy; milr;nrhy;iyf; ftpQh; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.

rhd;W:
LV
milr;nrhw;fs;: G+kpr;rUfhk;> Kj;J G+j;j fly;> Gjpa njd;wy;> tpz;kPd; fhR>

,unthpf;Fk; ghpjp Nghd;w nrhw;fs; eakhf mike;J ghlypd; nghUisj;
njspthf;FfpwJ.
nghUs; eak;:
,g;G+kpapy; ,y;yhik vd;gJ ,y;yhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why;> ,utyh;fs;
A
,Uf;ff; $lhJ. Viofs; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ> G+kp tskhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;>

,aw;ifg; Nghplh;fs; tuf;$lhJ. vy;NyhUk; tskhf Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; nghUis
czh;j;j nghUj;jkhd nrhw;fisf; ifahz;L kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy;
K
,f;ftpijia ,aw;wpAs;shh;.
njhileak;:
ghlypy; Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG> Kuz;> msngil Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L
njhLg;gJ njhilahFk;.
Nkhid eak;:
rPh;fspNyh> mbfspNyh Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tuj; njhLg;gJ NkhidahFk;.
,g;ghlypy; rPh;NkhidAk; mbNkhidAk; gapd;W te;Js;sd.
rhd;W:
G+kpr;rUfhk; - ghiyia - ,t;thpapy; rPh;Nkhid gapd;W te;Js;sJ
1. Gaiyf; - Gjpa
2. ,utpy; - ,utyNuhL
,g;ghlypy; mbNkhid gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
G+kpr;rUfhk;…. ,utpy;…….
Gaiy…. ,unthpf;Fk;……
vJif eak;:
ghlypd; mbNjhWk; my;yJ rPh;NjhWk; Kjy; vOj;J msnthj;J epw;f
,uz;lhtJ vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ vJif vdg;gLk;. ,g;ghlypy; rPh; vJif> mb
vJif gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
rPh; vJif
L
rhd;W
,utpy; - ,utyNuhL
mbvJif:
A
rhd;W:
,utpy;
,unthpf;Fk;
D
,iaG eak;:
xU nra;Aspy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l mbfspy; ,Wjpapy; cs;s vOj;Njh
xd;wp te;jhYk; m/J ,iaG vdg;gLk;.

rhd;W:
A
my;yJ ,Wjpr; nrhy;Nyh> my;yJ XNu mbapy; cs;s rPh;fspd; ,Wjp vOj;Jfs;
K
fly;fshf;FNtd;
njd;wyhf;FNtd;
NgRNtd;
tPRNtd;
Kuz;eak;:
I
nra;Aspy; nrhy; my;yJ nghUs; Kuz;gl;L eak; gaf;Fk; tifapy; miktJ

LV
Kuz; njhilahFk; ,g;ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s Kuz; njhilr; nrhy;

Gay; x njd;wy;
re;j eak;:
,g;ghliy Vw;w ,irf;fUtpAld; ,irj;Jg; ghbdhy; ghLNthh;f;Fk;
Nfl;gth;fF ; k; ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; tifapy; kpFe;j ftp eaj;JlDk;> jhseaj;JlDk;>
A
re;j eaj;JlDk; ftpQh; ,g;ghliy ,aw;wpAs;shh;.

,g;ghly; rpe;Jg;gh tifiar; rhh;e;jJ.
mzpeak;:
K
,g;ghlypy; ghiyia Kj;J G+j;j flyhf;FNtd; vd;Wk;> tpz;kPid fhrhf;FNtd;

vd;Wk; ghbAs;shh;. ghiyia Kj;JG+j;j flyhfTk;> tpz;kPdf ; isf; fhrhfTk;
cUtfg;gLj;jpAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy; cUtfmzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
Rit eak;:
,g;ghlypy; ,aw;ifg; nghUl;fis khw;wk; nra;J ,y;yhikia mfw;WNtd;
vd;W ftpQh; $Wtjhy; ,g;ghlypy; kUl;ifr; Rit gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
KbTiu:
“fhyk; ftpQidf; nfhd;wJ: Mdhy;
mtd; ftpij fhyj;ij ntd;wJ”
vd;w $w;wpw;F Vw;g ftpQh; eh.fhkuhrd; ,f;ftpijapy; ftpijf;Fhpa eaq;fs;

vy;yhk; mikj;J ftpeaq;fshy; jkpod;idf;Fg; ngUik Nrh;j;Js;shh;.
khzth;fNs!
ikaf;fUj;ij vOjp VNjDk; %d;W eaq;fis kl;Lk;
vOjpdhy; NghJk;. cq;fSf;F vspjhfj; Njhd;Wk; %d;W
eaq;fis kl;LNk vOJq;fs;
43. m) el;G
el;G vd;w %d;nwOj;jpy;
md;G vd;w Mir fye;J
L
caph; vd;w cd;dj %r;ir
ctg;G vd;w Njhzpapy;
cwit tpQ;rp epd;w
A
cd; el;G fpilf;f
nra;j jtk; vd;dNth? – vd;W
D
,iwtdplk; Nfl;f
nrd;w gpwtpapd; njhlh;G
vd;whh;> tpae;Njd; el;ig vz;zp!
M) ,aw;if
gr;irg;Nry; fhl;rpapy; epyk; moF;
A
K
ePyepw tz;zf; flypd; miy moF;
,sQ;rptg;G epw xspf;fw;iw neUg;G moF;
epwkw;w fhw;wpy; caph;thOk; caph;fhw;W moF;
cyifia xU Filf;Fs; mlf;Fk; Mfhak; moF;
I
,j;JizAk; je;j ,aw;if md;id moF;

LV
,aw;if md;id ngw;nwLj;j tsq;fs; moF;

,aw;if md;idNa cd;idg; ghJfhg;gNj vkf;foF….!
gFjp – IV
gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F ,U gf;fq;fSf;F kpfhky; tpil jUf 3x6=18
A
44. m) ,uhkd; midj;J caph;fisAk; fPo; Nky; vdf; fUjhJ rkkhf md;G
fhl;Lk; gz;gpd; milahskhf tpsq;Ffpd;whd;. je;ij> jha; kPjhd md;G>
K
cld;gpwg;Gfs; kPJ md;G Mfpatw;iw vy;iyfs; midj;ijAk; fle;J ,uhkd;

tphpTgLj;Jfpwhd;. Ntld;> gwit> vspa Kjpats;> thduk;> vjphpapd; jk;gp vd;w
Ntypfs; mtd; md;gpw;Fj; jilahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
kfd; vd;w cwT epiy:
 rPijia ,uhtzd; rpiw vLj;Jr; nrd;wnghJ mjidj;jLj;J ,uhtzDld;
Nghhpl;L> fhakile;J gpd; caph; Jwe;jhd; rlhA.
 Nfs;tpg;gl;l ,uhkd; kpFe;j tUj;jkile;jhd;.
 jd; je;ij jrujdpd; ez;gdhd rlhAitj; jd; je;ijahff; fUjp>
je;ijf;F kfd; nra;Ak; ,Wjpr; rlq;Ffis Kiwahfr; nra;jhd;.
 jd;idNa epidj;Jj; jtk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j vspa Kjpatshd rthpaplk;

jhaplk; fhl;Lk; md;igf; fhl;bdhd;.
 mts; ,uhkidg; ghh;j;jjhy; jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l jtk; gypj;jJ vd;W $wp
,dpa cztpid tpUe;jhfg; gilj;jhs;.
 mts; md;gpy; kdk; kfpo;e;j ,uhkd; jd; jhahf mtis epidj;J. kfd;
jha;fF; r; nrYj;Jk; md;igr; nrYj;jpdhd;.
cld;gpwg;G vd;w cwTepiy:
 jd;kPJ mstw;w md;igf; nfhz;bUe;j Ffd;. jd;idg; gphpa kdkpy;yhky;
tUe;Jtij ,uhkd; mwpfpd;whd;.
 ,uhkd; Ffdplk; “Kd;G cld; gpwe;jth;fs; ehd;FNguhf ,Ue;Njhk;. ,g;NghJ
cd;idAk; Nrh;j;J Ie;J Nguhf cs;Nshk;” vd;whd;.
L
 ,yq;if nrd;w ,uhtdDld; fLk;Nghh;Ghpe;J jpUk;gpa Rf;ht P dpd; nraiyf;
fz;L tpae;j ,uhkd; Rf;htP dplk; eP NtW ehd; Ntwy;y vd;W $Wfpd;whd;.
A
 rPijiaf; fth;e;J te;j ,uhtzdpd; nraiyf; fz;bj;jhd; tPlzd;.
,uhtzd; mtidf; fbe;J nfhz;ljhy; ,yq;ifia tpl;L ntspNawpa
tPlzd; ,uhkdplk; milf;fykhdhd;.
D
 tPlzDf;F ,yq;ifia MSk; chpikiaf; nfhLj;jJld; mtidAk; jd;
cld;gpwg;ghf ,uhkd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whd;.
A
,t;thwhf ,uhkd; gzpahsdha;> rNfhjudha;> je;ijf;F cw;w kfdha;>
jha; kPJ md;G nfhz;l Nraha;> caph;jUk; ez;gdha;> chpikia toq;Fk;
cld;gpwg;gha; gpw caph;fSld; cwT nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
K
my;yJ
M) <by;yh cjtp:
xUtd; gpwUf;F ve;j xU cjtpAk; nra;ahkypUf;Fk; epiyapYk; mth;
I
ekf;Fr; rhpahd Neuj;jpy; VNjDk; cjtp nra;jhy;> me;j cjtpf;Ff; ifk;khwhf

LV
,e;j epyTyfj;ijAk;> thDyfj;ijAk; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhLj;jhYk; <lhfhJ.
cyfpDk; nghpa cjtp:

xUth; ekf;F chpa fhyj;jpy; nra;j cjtpahdJ mstpy; rpwpajhf
,Ue;jhYk; mt;Tjtp ,e;j cyiftplg; nghpajhFk;.
A
gad; vjph;ghuhj cjtp:

xUth; ve;jg; gaidAk; ek;kplk; ,Ue;J vjph;ghh;f;fhky; ekf;Fr; nra;j
cjtpapd; msit Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mjd; ed;ik fliytplg; nghpajhFk;.
K
cjtpapd; gad; gidasT:

xUth; jpidasT cjtpiar; nra;jhYk; me;j cjtpapd; gaidj;
njhpe;jth;fs;> jpidasT cjtpiaAk; gidasthff; nfhz;L Nghw;Wth;.
mwj;ij mwpf:
xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j ed;ikia xUehSk; kwf;ff;$lhJ. Mdhy; xUth;
ekf;Fr; nra;j jPikia mg;NghONj kwe;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;.
jg;gpf;f $Ljy; top:
xUth; ve;j mwj;ij mopj;jhYk; mjpypUe;J jg;gpg; gpiof;f tha;g;G cz;L.
Mdhy; xUth; nra;j cjtpia kwe;jth;fF ; mjpypUe;J jg;gpg;gpiof;Fk; topNa
fpilahJ.
45. M) gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; kd;wnkd;Wk; mk;gynkd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk; kuj;jbapy;

cs;s jpz;izapNy fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; gzp ,aw;ifNahL ele;jJ.
 fy;tpg;gapw;rpf;fhf tUk; khzhf;fh;fsplk; Vl;bd; kPJ kQ;rs; G+rpg; G+rpj;J
khzhf;fh;fsplk; thrpf;fr; nrhy;th; ,jid m$uhg;gpahrk; (vOj;J mwptpj;jy;)
vd;gh;.
 Mrphpah; neLq;fzf;ifr; nrhy;ypf; nfhLf;f khzhf;fd; mjidg; gpd;gw;wpr;
nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
 Mrphpah; xd;iwr; nrhy;y mij khzhf;fh;fs; gyUk; Nrh;e;J nrhy;Yk; ‘Kiw
itg;G’ Kiwapy; fw;gpj;jy; eilngw;wJ.
 ‘ikahly; tpoh’ %yk; khzhf;fUf;F vOj;Jfis vOJk; Kiwia Mrphpah;
L
fw;Wf; nfhLg;ghh;.
 Mrphpah; Kjypy; jiuapy; vOj mjd;Nky; khzhf;fh; vOJth;. ,t;thW
A
vOj;Jfisf; fw;gpj;jdh;. khzhf;fUk; vOj;Jfis thpirahfTk;> ed;whfTk;
vOjf; fw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.
 gioa fhyj;jpy; vOj;Jfs; xd;NwhL xd;W Xl;lhky; thpNfhzhky; vOJk;
D
Kiwiaf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdh;.
 Gs;sp> fhy;> nfhk;G> tpyq;F Kjypait thpnaOj;jpd; cWg;GfshFk;. ,jid
Kiwahff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdh;.
A
 jkpopy; epfz;L> ed;D}y;> fhhpif> jz;bayq;fhuk;> ePjpE}y;fs; Kjypad
%ykhfTk;> Mj;jp#b nfhd;iwNte;jd; Kjypa mfuhjp thpirapy; mike;j
K
E}w;fs; %ykhfTk; kddk; nra;Ak; Kiwiaf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdh;.
 fzpjj;jpy; fPo;thapyf;fk;> Nky;thapyf;fk;> Fopkhw;W Kjypa gytif
tha;ghLfs; %yk; fw;gpj;jy; eilngw;wJ.
 vy;NyhUk; xd;whff; $b Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;Lk; tpil$wpAk; tUk; KiwAk;
I
,Ue;jJ.
 Rtbapy; vOj;Jfis vOJk; KiwiaAk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdh;
LV
 khzhf;fh;fs; mjpf Kaw;rp vLj;J kddk; nra;jdh;.

 Mrphpah;fs; khzhf;fh;fis md;gpdhy; top elj;jp te;jhh;fs;.
 fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypy; Kf;fpakhf tpsq;fpa thjk; nra;Ak; fw;wy; KiwAk;
,Ue;jJ.
 muritapy; $l thJGhpAk; mstpw;Ff; fw;wy; Kiwfs; ,Ue;jd.
A
 gs;spf;$lj;jpy; khzhf;fh;fs; E}y; gapYk; ,ay;ig ed;D}y; E}w;gh ,t;thW

$Wk;.
K
“tpdhjy; tpdhait tpLj;jy; vd;wpit

fldhf; nfhspNd kledp ,ff;Fk;” - (ed;D}y; - 41)
 Qhgf rf;jpia tsh;f;f jpdKk; G+> kpUfk;> gl;rp> Ch; ,tw;wpd; ngah;fspy;
tiff;F xt;nthd;iw Mrphpah; nrhy;yp mDg;g khzhf;fh; me;jg; ngah;fis
kWehs; kwthky; te;J nrhd;dhh;fs;.
 ,t;thW khztdpd; vy;yh jpwikfisAk; tsh;f;Fk; tpjkhff; fw;gpj;jy;
,Ue;jJ. khzth;fSk; jq;fspd; mwptpid tsh;f;Fk; tpjkhff; fw;wdh;.
my;yJ
M) ftpijapd; eiliaf; fl;likf;Fk; mofpay; $Wfspy;

 xypf;Nfhyq;fs;
 nrhw;Gyk;
 njhlhpay; Nghf;Ffs;
Mfpait kpf Kf;fpakhditahFk;.
Xypf;Nfhyq;fs;:
 ,irNahLk; ,irf;fUtpNahLk;jhd; nkhop rhh;e;j ftpij gpwf;Fk;.
 XirAk; nghUSk; ,ize;J fiy tbtk; nfhs;tij xypf;Nfhyk; (xypg;
gpd;dy;) vd;gh;.
 td;ik czh;r;rpia ntspg;gLj;j ghly;fspy; ty;ypd nka;nahypfs;
kpFjpahf ,lk;ngWk;.
L
 ,dpa ,irf;fhf neby; xypfs; mjpfkhf ,lk;ngWk;.
 rpy xypfSk; rpy nrhw;fSk; jpUk;g jpUk;g tUk; jd;ikAk; ghly;fspy;
A
,lk;ngWk;.
nrhw;Gyk;:
 czh;Tk;> nghUSk;> fiyAk;> gz;ghLk;> tuyhWk;> murpaYk; nrhw;fspy;
D
nghjpe;J fplf;fpd;wd.
 xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; gy nrhw;fSk;> gy nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; xU
nrhy;Yk; nrhy; tsj;jpw;Fr; rhd;W.
A
 gy;NtW Jiwfs;> #oy;fs;> GidTfSf;Fk; chpa tifapy; czh;Tk;
njspTk; nfhz;ljhfr; nropg;ghdnjhU jsj;ijr; nrhy; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
K
 jdpr;nrhy;yhfTk;> njhif nkhopahfTk; nrhw;fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
njhlhpay; Nghf;Ffs;:
 ghlypd; jsj;ij KOikaila nra;tJ njhlhpay; Nghf;fhFk;.
 nrhy;gtDila nkhopj;jpwid> Nfl;gtd; my;yJ thrpg;gtd; KOikahfg;
I
ngw Ntz;Lk;.
 nrhy;yg;gLk; czh;TfSf;Fk; nra;jpfSf;Fk; Vw;gj; njhlh;fs;
LV
1. Neh; ele;Jk;
2. Vwpapwq;fpAk;
3. jpUk;gpAk; Rod;Wk; - ,aq;Fk;
,itNa ftpijapd; eiliaf; fl;likf;Fk; mofpay; $Wfs; MFk;.
A
46. m) nkhopg;gw;W:
 ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo;nkhop Nghy ,dpjhd nkhop vJTkpy;iy vd;W
$wpa ghujp> jhd; R.ney;iyag;gUf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpYk; mjid
K
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.
 ney;iyag;ghplk; mth; $Wk;NghJ> ‘eP gpwnkhopfis mwpe;jpUe;jhYk;
jkpio tsh;g;gijf; flikahff; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;’ vd;W $Wfpd;whh;.
 Gjpa Gjpa nra;jpfSk; Gjpa Gjpa cz;ikfSk;> Gjpa Gjpa ,d;gKk;
jkpo;nkhopapy; Vw;wk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.
 jkpo;ehl;by; tPjpfs; NjhWk; jkpo;g; gs;spf;$lq;fs; ngUf Ntz;Lk;. me;jg;
gs;spfspy; vy;yhk; Gjpa Gjpa fiyfs; gapw;rp mspf;fg; ngw;W tsu
Ntz;Lk;.
 jha; nkhopapNy fw;gjhy; jkpo; czh;T mjpfkhFk;> jha;ehl;bd; kPJ gw;W

Vw;gLk;.
 gpwehl;L nkhopfs; vy;yhk; mile;Js;s tsh;r;rpiag; ghh;j;j gpd;ghtJ ehk;
ek; jha;nkhopahk; jkpo;nkhopapd; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhs;s KayNtz;Lk;.
 Gjpa Gjpa rpe;jidfs; jkpo;nkhopapy; Njhd;wy; Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;.
r%fg;gw;W
 r%fj;jpd; mtykhf ,Uf;fpd;w Mz; ngz; NtWghL Kw;wpYkhf mopa
Ntz;Lk;.
 Mz; cah;e;jtd; ngz; mbik vd;w epiy r%f mtykhFk;.
 “MZk; ngz;Zk; xUaphpd; ,uz;L jiyfs;> mtw;wpy; xd;wpnyhd;W
jho;tpy;iy”> vd;fpwhh;.
L
 ngz;izj; jho;j;jpdhy; r%fNk rhgf;Nfl;bw;Fs;shFk; vd;gij czh;j;j
ngz;izj; jho;j;jpdtd;> jd; fz;izf; Fj;jpatDfFr; rkk; vd;W
A
MNtrj;Jld; $Wfpd;whh;.
 ngz;iz tPl;Lf;Fs;Ns milj;jtd; jd; fz;iz ,oe;j FUld; Nghyg;
ghpjtpg;ghd; vd;Wk; $wp MZk; ngz;Zk; rkk; vd;w r%f ePjpia
D
typAWj;Jfpd;whh;.
 r%fk; tsh;r;rp milaj; njhopy; ngUf Ntz;Lk;> tpahghuk; rpwf;f
A
Ntz;Lk; njhopw;rhiyfs; tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;.
 r%f khw;wk; fhz rq;fPjk;> rpw;gk;> ,ae;jpuk;> G+kp> thdk;> ,aw;if rhh;e;j
E}y;fs; Mapuk; Mapukhfj; jha;nkhopapy; cUthfpl Ntz;Lk;.
K
 ek; jkpo;r;r%fk; khw;wk; ngw midtUk; vz;zpl Ntz;Lk;
 mjw;Fhpa rf;jpia midtUk; ngw;wplTk; Ntz;Lnkd;W ghujpahh;
R.ney;iyag;gUf;F vOjpa fbjk; %yk; jd; cs;sf; fUj;ij
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.
I
my;yJ
LV
M) ,e;jpahtpd; KJnfYk;G fpuhkkhFk;. mofpay; jd;ikNahL tpsq;Fk;

fpuhkq;fs; ,d;W jq;fs; mofpaiy ,oe;J fpuhkj;jpw;Nf chpa
,yf;fzq;fis ,oe;J> nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhfj; jkJ tbtoifAk; ,oe;J
tUfpd;wd.
tho;NthL ,ize;j fpuhkk;:
A
mjpfhiyapy; vOk;gp tPl;L Kw;wj;ijj; J}a;ik nra;J> Nfhykpl;Lf; flTisj;

njhOJ FJfyhkhfg; nghOjpidj; njhlq;Fk; tho;f;if fpuhk kf;fspd; tho;NthL
,ize;jpUe;jJ. VNyNyh ghLk; fpuhkj; njd;wypy; jhNyNyh ghb tptrhak; nra;j
K
fhyk; kiyNaw> fzpdpapy; fhdy; ePuha; ek; fpuhk kf;fspd; tho;f;ifAk;

fiue;jJ. me;je;j fpuhkj;jpy; tpise;jij mq;fq;Nf jpd;W tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;
ve;j Neha;fSk; jiy J}f;fpajpy;iy.
moif ,of;Fk; fpuhkq;fs;:
,d;W ngUfp tUk; efh;g;Gw ehfhpfj;jpdhy; fpuhkq;fs; jq;fs; moif
,of;fpd;wd. ghbj; jphpe;j gwitfspd; xypfs; ,g;NghJ Nfl;f Kbatpy;iy.
kdpjd; efh;g;Gw ehfhpfj;ij ehbajhy; Fsq;fs; FbapUg;Gfshf khwptpl;ld.
mfd;w njUf;fnsy;yhk; jq;fs; ,Ug;igr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;ld. fyhr;rhu
khw;wq;fshy; $iu Ntag;gl;l> XLfshy; epuk;gpa tPLfs; vy;yhk; mLf;fp
itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jPg;ngl;b Nghy khw;wk; ngw;Ws;sd. vy;NyhUk; ePh; ,iwf;Fk;

Ch;f; fpzW ftdpg;ghuw;Wf; fplf;fpd;wJ.
Kfthp ,of;Fk; fpuhkq;fs;:
fpuhkq;fSf;Nf chpj;jhd ehl;Lg;Gw tpisahl;Lfis vy;yhk; ,d;iwa
miyNgrpfSk;> KfE}y;fSk;> Gydq;fSk; Klf;fp tpl;ld. gr;irg;gNryd
tsh;e;J epw;Fk; new;gapiu ,d;W fhzKbatpy;iy. cOJ czitj; je;j
tay;fs; vy;yhk; ,d;W FbapUg;GfSf;fhf msf;fg;gl;L vy;iyf; fw;fshy;
gphpf;fg;gl;L tPLfshf khw Maj;jkhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
ehfhpf Nkhfj;jhy; mopAk; fpuhkk;:
fpuhkj;jpw;Nf chpa md;Gk;> tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;Gk;> nts;se;jpahd gof;fKk;
,d;W nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhfj; jdJ ,ay;ig ,oe;J tUfpd;wJ. fpuhk kf;fs;
L
efh;g;Gw ehfhpfj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l Nkhfj;jhy; ,aw;ifia ,oe;J efh;g;Gwk; Njb
tUtJk;> Clfj;jhf;fKk;> r%f tiyj;jsq;fspd; jhf;fKk; ,ay;ghd fpuhk
tho;f;ifia khw;wp tpLfpd;wd. xd;Wf;Fs; xd;whf cwTfshf ,Uf;Fk; fpuhk
A
kf;fs; ,d;W ehfhpf Nkhfj;jhy; cwTfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; nraypy; ,Ue;Jk; tpyfp
tpLfpd;wdh;.
,t;thwhf mikjpahd #oypy; md;ghf tho;e;J te;j fpuhk kf;fs; jq;fs;
D
,ay;ig khw;w tpUk;Gtjhy;> jhq;fs; gofpa> Xl;b cwthba fpuhkj;ij tpl;L
efh;g;Gwk; nry;tjhy; fpuhkq;fs; jq;fs; mofpaiy ,og;gJld; fpuhkq;fSf;Nf
chpa ,aw;ifj; jd;ikiaAk; ,oe;J jq;fsJ Kfthpiaj; njhiyj;J efh;Gwr;
rhaYld; Gj;JUthf;fk; milfpd;wd.
A
K
gFjp- V
mb khwhky; nra;As; tbtpy; vOJf 4+2=6
47. m) ghjfh; FOkpr; nrhw;w gopg;Giu vd;Dk; nfhs;sp

Vjkpy; fUizg; ngk;khd; ,Ujaj;J Cd;w Cd;w
I
Ntjid coe;J rpe;ij nte;J Gz;gl;lhh; my;yhy;

LV
Nehjfr; rpde;Njhh; khw;w Etd;wpyh; fUk Nehf;fp.
M) ve;ed;wp nfhd;whh;f;Fk; ca;Td;lhk; ca;tpy;iy

nra;e;ed;wp nfhd;w kfw;F.
A
K
FUrb vk;.V.n[y];bd;
fhh;ky; Nky;epiyg; gs;sp
ehfh;Nfhtpy; - 4
9843448095
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✓ TN State Board 1th – 12th Standard Text Books 2020-21 New Edition
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Kalvi Kadal: Jpuj Jpaikf FG GL L GHLJ JPL LJ JPD GB KHJPHP TPDHJ Jhs - 1 (2020-2021)

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1. “kpd;Ndh; jdpahop ntq;fjpnuhd;W VidaJ

5. ‘cs;nshd;W itj;J Gwk;nghd;W NgRthh;’ - ,j;njhlh; czh;j;Jk; gz;G

,) Kuz; gz;G <) ,it midj;Jk;

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

11. jkpopy; jpizghFghL ………….. mbg;gilapy; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

19. “Gf;fpy;> jd;kid” – rpWFwpg;G vOJf

21. mf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tp Kiwapy; ‘kddg; gapw;rpf;F’ cjtpa E}y;fs; vit?

vitNaDk; VoDf;F tpiljUf 7x2=14

22. ty;ypd nka;ia ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJf

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

25. VNjDk; xd;wDf;F kl;Lk; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf

27. Ngr;R tof;if vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wf

35. rq;fg; ghly;fspy; xypf;Nfhyk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xU gz;ghFk; - tpsf;Ff.

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

41. jkpohf;fk; jUf

fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisj; njhFj;J vOJf

mbkhwhky; nra;As; tbtpy; vOJf 4+2=6

47. m) ghjjw; FOkp vd;W njhlq;Fk; ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfg; ghliy vOJf

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

15. nre;epwj;J thdk;Nghyj; jq;fs; iffs; rpte;jpl ciof;Fk; njhopyhsh;fspd;

tpah;it nts;sk; mth;fspd; jpuz;l Njhs;kPJ Kj;JKj;jha; tPw;wpUf;Fk;. ,e;j

16. fyptpoh - jpUkapiyapy; eilngWk; vOr;rp kpf;f tpoh

17. XUtUf;Fj; Jd;gk; gytw;iwAk; cz;lhf;fp mtUila Gfiof; nfLj;Jr;

18. ,iwkfDf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l ,d;dy;fisf; fz;L kdk; nghWf;fhj kf;fs;.

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

22. ek; tho;f;ifapd; juk; ekJ ftdj;jpd; juj;ijg; nghWj;jpUf;fpwJ. Gj;jfk;

23. fiy – El;gk;> Mil> fy;tp> fiykhd;

24. m) Ig;grp milkioapy; CUzp epiwe;jJ

M) thdk; ghh;j;j G+kpapy; gaW tiffs; gapug;gLfpd;wd. (gf;:102)

25. VNjDk; xd;wDf;Fg; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

M) te;J – th(t)+j;(e;) +j; +c

26. fiyr;nrhw;fSf;F Vw;w jkpo;r;nrhy; vOJf

29. nrhy;iyg; gphpj;Jk; Nrh;j;Jk; njhluikf;f

jhkiu – jh + kiu = jhTfpd;w khd;

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

32. ehl;ba muq;fpd; mikg;G:

 cj;jpug;gyiff;Fk; jsj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; gyiff;Fk; ,ilntsp ehd;FNfhy;

 xUKfj;jpiu> nghUKfj;jpiu> fue;Jtuy; jpiu vd %d;Wtifahf jpiufs;

 Xtpa Ntiyg;ghLkpf;f Nky; tpjhdk; mike;jpUe;jJ.

33. ,sk; ngz;fs; midtUk; ,ize;J Muthuj;NjhL nfhz;lhb kfpOk;

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

,iwtDf;Fj; jpir NjhWk; G+irapLk; gq;Fdp cj;jpu jpUtpoh Muthuj;NjhL

 XirAk; nghUSk; ,ize;J fiytbtk; nfhs;tij xypf;Nfhyk;

rhd;W: glhmk; <j;j…. (Gwk;:145)

 nrhy;tpisahl;LfSk; rq;fg;ghly;fspy; ,lk;ngWtJ cz;L.

36. tphpe;j FLk;gk;:

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

37. Ntshz; Nkyhz;ik gw;wp ehd; ghpe;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs;:

“,d;nrhy; tpisepydh <jNy tpj;jhf

td;nrhy; fisf;fl;L tha;ik vUtl;b

38. Mrphpah; Kjypy; khzhf;fh;fspd; tyf;if Ms;fhl;b tpuiyg; gpbj;Jj; jl;by;

thptbit vOJthh;. khzhf;fh; xyp tbit ed;whfr; nrhy;yj; njhpe;j gpd;Gjhd;

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

39. gonkhop tpsf;fk;:

40. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp

vg;nghUs; ahh;ahh;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mt;nghUs;

nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

jUtjhy; ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp epuy;epiw mzpahFk;

Kurusady m.a.jelestin, Carmel Hr.Sec.School, Nagercoil-4. 9843448095. jkpoKJ 2020

41. m) Gjpa nkhop Gjpa tho;f;if