10/14/21, 9:56 AM Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

Site: New Era University Printed by: Zuriel P. San Pedro

MTHI11L-18 - Health Information System for Med Lab Date: Thursday, 14 October 2021, 9:56 AM
Course:
Science Lab
Book: Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

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10/14/21, 9:56 AM Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

Description

Lesson 1: Title

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10/14/21, 9:56 AM Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

Table of contents

1. Introduction/Overview

2. Lesson Intended Learning Outcomes

3. Lecture Proper

4. Forums

5. Laboratory Activity

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1. Introduction/Overview

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a systematic process for identifying "root cause" of problems or events and an approach for responding to them.
A useful process for understanding and solving a problem, means finding the specific source/s that created the problem so that effective actrion
can be taken to prevent recurrence of the situation.

The SYMPTOM of the Problem. "THE WEED"

Above the surface

The Underlying Causes, 

"THE ROOT"

Below the surface

The word root, in root cause analysis refers to the

underlying causes, not the one cause.

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10/14/21, 9:56 AM Module 8: Root Cause Analysis

2. Lesson Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Define what is Root Cause Analysis

2. Enumerate the Benefits of Root Cause Analysis.

3. Discuss "How to Perform Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

4. Discuss the characteristics of a good problem statement.

5. Enumerate and discuss the tools for Root Cause Analysis.

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3. Lecture Proper

Root Cause Analysis

It is a problem solving method that identifies the root causes of the problems or events instead of simply addressing the obvious symptoms. The
aim is to improve the quality of the products by using systematic ways in order to be effective (Bowen, 2011).

It is the core building blocks in the continuous improvement efforts of an  organization in terms of its operation dynamics, especially in the way it
handles information. However, root cause analysis alone will not produce any valuable results. Bowen (2011) suggests that “to address the root
cause problem, on must identify the problem and ask “why” five times to determine the proper strategies to address its root cause.”

The focus of investigation and analysis through problem identification is WHY  the event occurred, and not who made the error. "Hard on the
problem, soft on the person"

HOW TO PERFORM ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA)

Step 1: "Identify the problem, or potential problem you are dealing with."

System
Process
Product

Step 2: Define the Problem. You should do the following:

1. The issues and the effects of the issue at hand.

2. The gap in performance (Where you are and where you should be)

3. Be specific; facts and data

4. Specify the dissatisfaction

5. Specify the measure of dissatisfaction

      Characteristics of a Good Problem Statement

1. It is measurable (quantifiable)

2. It is specific

3. Focused on the symptom

4. Focused on the gap between "what it is" and "what it should be"

    WHO-WHAT-WHEN-WHERE-WHY

Step 3: Collect data to support your statement

1. Establish your baseline

2. Establish your measure of success based on your baseline.

Step 4:
1. Identify casual factors contributing to the problem.

2. Determine whether the problem/s is/are systemic in origin.

Step 5: Choose the tool for your analysis

1. It should be appropriate for the job at hand

2. It should produce results that can be defined.

Step 6: Identify the root cause/s

1. Define the underlying cause of the problem supported by the symptoms in step 4.

Step 7: Identify the possible solutions to the problem

1. Verify the solution/s to the problems.

2. Validate the solution.

Step 8: Implement the solutions to the problem

1. Prepare an implement plan

2. Design

3. Implement

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4. Monitor the Progress and Effectiveness

TOOLS IN ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA)       

1. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) aims to find various modes of failure within a system and addresses the following questions
for execution:

      a. What is the mode in which an observed failure occurs?

      b. How many times does a cause of failure occur?

      c. What actions are implemented to prevent this cause from occurring again?

      d. Are these actions effective and efficient?

      

2. Pareto Analysis uses the Pareto Principle which states that 20 percent of the work creates 80 percent of the results. It is used when
there are multiple potential cause to a problem. The Pareto chart was created using the Excel software. It lays down the potential causes
in a bar graph and tracks the collective percentage in a line graph to the top of table. The reflected causes from the table should account
for at least eighty percent of those involved in the analysis.

      

3. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) it is used in risk and safety analysis. It uses Boolean logic to determine the root causes of an undesirable event.
The undesirable result is listed at the top of the tree and then all the potential causes are listed down to form the shape of an upside down tree

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4. Current Reality Tree (CRT) is used when the root causes of multiple problems need to be analyzed all at once. The problems are listed
down followed by the potential cause for a problem. By doing so, a cause common to all problems will appear.

            

5. Fishbone Diagram is also called the Ishikawa or cause-and-effect diagram. The diagram looks alike a fishbone as it shows the
categorized cause and sub-causes of a problem. This diagramming technique is useful in grouping causes (e.g. people, measurements,
methods, materials, environment, machines) into categories. Categories could be the 4Ms (Manufacturing), the 4Ss (service), or the 8 Ps
(also service) depending on the industry.

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Machine (equipment):  causes are in equipment, such as machinery, computers, tools, instruments, technology

Method (process): causes are in the rules, regulations, laws or standards

Material: causes are in defect or material properties

Manpower (people): causes are in humans, people

Measurement/Medium: including weather, terrain, obstructions, lighting

6. Kepner-Tregoe Technique breaks a problem down to its root cause by assessing a situation using priorities and orders of concern for
specific issues. The various decisions that should be made to address the problem are then outlined. Then, a potential problem analysis is
made to ensure that the actions recommended are sustainable.

            

7. Rapid Problem Resolution (RPR Problem Diagnosis)

 Another technique for root cause analysis is the rapid problem resolution (RPR Problem diagnosis) which diagnoses the causes of recurrent
problems by following the three phases below:

Discover – data gathering and analysis of findings.

Investigate – creation of a diagnostic plan and identification of the root cause through careful analysis of the diagnostic data.

Fix – fixing the problem and monitoring to confirm nd validate tht the correct root cause was identified.

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4. Forums

FORUMS: Answer the questions direct to the point by

clicking the links below:

Forum 1         Forum 3

Forum 2        Forum 4

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5. Laboratory Activity

Laboratory Activity:

Download and Answer the Activity sheet on this link. You may
utilize a piece of paper then scan to pdf upon uploading your work.

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