Rational Numbers

- A rational number is any number which can be written in the form where a and b are integers
and b ≠ 0, read as b is not equal to 0

Integers

- Is a set of whole and negative numbers

- Since any integers can be expressed as a quotient of two integers.

Fractions

- Fraction is a part of a whole

- Mixed numbers are also included in the set of rational numbers because any mixed can be
written as an improper fraction.

Decimal

- Are also included in the set of rational numbers because they can be written as fraction with a
power of ten for the denominator

Renaming fraction into its simplest form

- When a rational number is represented as a fraction. It is commonly expressed in simplest form.

A fraction is in simplest form or lower term when the greatest common factor GCF of the
numerator and denominator is 1

Adding similar fractions

- To add two or more similar fractions simply add the numerators together, then copy the given
denominator and lastly reduce the answer into its simplest form.
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Adding dissimilar fractions

- To add dissimilar fractions, first get the lcd, second dived the lcd by the denominator of each
fraction and multiply to the numerators respectively third proceed to addition of similar fraction

Steps in multiplying fractions

- Rename the mixed numbers as an improper fraction

- Multiply the numerator together over the denominator together

- Then reduce the answer into its simplest form.

Steps in dividing fractions

- Rename the mixed numbers as an improper fraction

- Get the reciprocal of the second fraction and change the division operation to multiplication
- Multiply the numerator together over the denominator together
- Then reduce the answer in its simplest form.
Rules in evaluating rational expressions

1. Perform all the operations inside the parentheses.

2. Work on the exponents.

3. Perform multiplication and division, in the order they occur. That is from left to right

4. Perform addition and subtraction, in the order they occur. That is from left to right

NOTE:

Mathematical expressions with more than one operation are evaluated using the
PEMDAS rule.

P – Do the operation inside the parentheses

E – Work on the exponents

MD – Do all multiplication and division

AS – Do all addition and subtraction from left to right