EEL7300

Chapter 4 - Problems

1 Grupo A
Design a circuit that will accept as simultaneous inputs an arbitrary voltage signal vIN and a ±1-V square-
wave VR . Your circuit should provide a positive output whenever vIN lies in the range of 0 to 5 V and the
square wave is positive. The output should be negative otherwise.

1
2 Grupo B
The circuit of Figure 1 functions as a voltage-range-detection circuit. If VA = 8 V and VB = −4 V, find
vOU T as a function of vIN over the range −15 V< vIN < +15 V. The op-amp power supplies are equal to
+15 V.

Figure 1

2
3 Grupo C
Design a circuit that will produce an output voltage according to the following specifications:
• vOU T = 0 for − VR < vIN < VR
• vOU T = VP OS for vIN > VR
• vOU T = VN EG for vIN < −VR

3
4 Grupo D
Consider the Schmitt trigger of Figure 2 with R1 = 5 kΩ and R2 = 10 kΩ. Suppose that a voltage source of
value Vref = 7.5 V is connected between R1 and ground. These values of R1 , R2 , and Vref will cause the
Schmitt trigger’s switching points to both be positive.

1. Find the values of vIN at which the Schmitt trigger will change state if the op-amp power supplies are
+12 V. Use these values to draw the circuit’s vIN × vOU T transfer characteristic.
2. Draw the output voltage versus time if vIN consists of a 1 Hz, +12 V peak triangular waveform.

Figure 2

4
5 Grupo E
Suppose that the Schmitt trigger of Figure 3 is excited by a voltage source inserted between R1 and ground,
with the v − terminal of the op-amp grounded. Plot the resulting relationship between vIN and vOU T if
R2 = R1 . Modify your answer for the case R2 = 2R1 . Assume the op-amp to be ideal.

Figure 3

5
6 Grupo F
The circuits of Figure 4 transform voltage step functions into other transient waveforms. Suppose that vIN
is a 0 to 5 V step function. Plot vOU T versus time for each circuit if R = 1 kΩ, C = 1 µF, VP OS = 15 V,
and VN EG = −15 V.

Figure 4

6
7 Grupo G
This problem illustrates the phenomenon of contact bounce in mechanical switches. Consider the simple
system of Figure 5(a), in which a two-pole switch is closed t = t1 . Ideally, the output voltage vL , should
make a clean transition from V+ to V− , as in Figure 5(b). In reality, the rapid closing of the switch causes
its contacts to physically bounce for some time before settling down, periodically making and breaking the
contact. The actual vL thus looks something like the waveform of Figure 5(c).

1. Design a circuit that will accept a voltage waveform similar to the one in Figure 5(c) and transform it
into the ideal waveform of Figure 5(b). Such a circuit is called a contact bounce eliminator.
2. How might you revise your circuit for the case where the lower switch terminal is connected to ground,
rather than to V− ?

Figure 5

7
8 Grupo H
Consider the Schmitt trigger of Figure 6. A capacitor of value C is inserted in series with R1 , with R2 still
connected directly from vOU T to V+ . Suppose that vIN consists of a 10 V peak triangle wave of period 100
ms.
1. Find vOU T versus time if R1 = R2 = 5 kΩ and C = 0.1 µF.

2. Find vOU T versus time if R1 = R2 = 500 kΩ and C = 10 µF.

Figure 6

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9 Grupo I
Design a circuit that will accept as simultaneous inputs an arbitrary voltage signal vIN and a ±1-V square-
wave VR . Your circuit should provide a positive output whenever vIN lies in the range of 0 to 5 V and the
square wave is positive. The output should be negative otherwise.

9
10 Grupo J
A threshold logic unit is a circuit that produces a constant high output voltage (logic 1) whenever a linear
summation of its analog inputs exceeds some predetermined threshold limit. When the linear summation of
inputs is less than the specified threshold limit, the circuit’s output remains at a constant low output voltage
(logic 0). The criteria for transition to the logic 1 output state can be summarized by the equation

a1 v1 + a2 v2 + a3 v3 + ... + an vn > VO

where VO is the threshold level. Design a two-input circuit using op-amps and resistors that can provide
the necessary function with a1 = 1, a2 = 2, and VO = 5 V. Assume that +10 V power supplies are available
and that 10 V and −10 V are suitable for the logic 1 and logic 0 output levels, respectively.

10
11 Grupo K
Design a circuit that will produce an output voltage according to the following specifications:
• vOU T = 0 for − VR < vIN < VR
• vOU T = VP OS for vIN > VR
• vOU T = VN EG for vIN < −VR

11
12 Grupo L
Schmitt trigger with a feedback ratio R1 /(R1 + R2 ) = 0.5 is driven by the input voltage of Figure 7. Plot
the resulting output voltage versus time. The output saturation limits of the op-amp are equal to ±16 V.

Figure 7

12
13 Grupo M
The circuits of Figure 8 transform voltage step functions into other transient waveforms. Suppose that vIN
is a 0 to 5 V step function. Plot vOU T versus time for each circuit if R = 1 kΩ, C = 1 µF, VP OS = 15 V,
and VN EG = −15 V.

Figure 8

13
14 Grupo N
This problem illustrates the phenomenon of contact bounce in mechanical switches. Consider the simple
system of Figure 9(a), in which a two-pole switch is closed t = t1 . Ideally, the output voltage vL , should
make a clean transition from V+ to V− , as in Figure 9(b). In reality, the rapid closing of the switch causes
its contacts to physically bounce for some time before settling down, periodically making and breaking the
contact. The actual vL thus looks something like the waveform of Figure 9(c).

1. Design a circuit that will accept a voltage waveform similar to the one in Figure 9(c) and transform it
into the ideal waveform of Figure 9(b). Such a circuit is called a contact bounce eliminator.
2. How might you revise your circuit for the case where the lower switch terminal is connected to ground,
rather than to V− ?

Figure 9

14
15 Grupo O
Schmitt trigger with a feedback ratio R1 /(R1 + R2 ) = 0.5 is driven by the input voltage of Figure 10. Plot
the resulting output voltage versus time. The output saturation limits of the op-amp are equal to ±16 V.

Figure 10

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16 Grupo P
Suppose that the Schmitt trigger of Figure 11 is excited by a voltage source inserted between R1 and
ground, with the v − terminal of the op-amp grounded. Plot the resulting relationship between vIN and
vOU T if R2 = R1 . Modify your answer for the case R2 = 2R1 . Assume the op-amp to be ideal.

Figure 11

16