Intrusive Igneous Rock

Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Intrusive rock, also called plutonic rock, igneous rock formed
from magma forced into older rocks at depths within
the Earth’s crust, which then slowly solidifies below the Earth’s
surface, though it may later be exposed by erosion.
• It crystallize below Earth's surface, and the slow cooling that
occurs there allows large crystals to form.
• Examples of intrusive igneous rocks
are diorite, gabbro, granite, pegmatite, and peridotite.
1. Diorite
-is a coarse-grained,
intrusive igneous rock that
contains a mixture
of feldspar,
pyroxene, hornblende, and
sometimes quartz.
2. Gabbro
is a coarse-grained,
dark-colored, intrusive
igneous rock that contains
feldspar, pyroxene, and
sometimes olivine.
3. Granite
is a coarse-grained,
light-colored, intrusive
igneous rock that
contains mainly quartz,
feldspar, and mica
minerals.
4. Pegmatite
is a light-colored,
extremely coarse-grained
intrusive igneous rock. It forms
near the margins of a magma
chamber during the final
phases of magma chamber
crystallization. It often contains
rare minerals that are not found
in other parts of the magma
chamber.
5. Peridotite
is a coarse-grained
intrusive igneous rock that
is composed almost
entirely of olivine. It may
contain small amounts of
amphibole,
feldspar, quartz, or
pyroxene.
Intrusive Structures
1. Dikes
A dike is an intrusive rock that
generally occupies a discordant,
or cross‐cutting, crack or fracture that
crosses the trend of layering in the
country rock. Dikes are
called pegmatites when they contain
very coarse‐grained crystals—a single
such crystal can range in size from a
few centimeters to 10 meters in
diameter.
2. Sills
Sills are formed from
magmas that entered the country
rock parallel to the bedding
(layering) and are
thus concordant with the country
rock. Sills can sometimes look like
volcanic flows that were
interbedded with sedimentary
units.
3. Laccoliths
A laccolith resembles a sill
but formed between sedimentary
layers from a more viscous
magma that created a lensshaped
mass that arched the overlying
strata upward.
4. Volcanic necks
A volcanic neck is the
rock that formed in the
vent of a volcano at the
end of its eruptive life and
remains “standing” after
the flanks of the volcano
have eroded away.
5. Plutons
Plutons are
discordant intrusive
rocks that formed at
great depths. They tend
to be large, coarse
grained, and irregular in
shape.
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
What is an igneous rock?
•Are rocks formed by the solidification or
crystallization of molten rocks.
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
•Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma
reaches the Earth's surface and cools.
Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks