Assignment: Sociolinguistics

Submitted To:
Mam Mubashra
Group Number:
7
Group members:

Khadija Gulsher M Usama Javaid

Ayesha Shafiq Ali Hasnain
Hamna Shaheen Laraib Shahid
Syed Fasial shah Muqdas Shafat
Arooj Ahmad Ayesha Javed

Department of English
 Language and society

Sociolinguistics:
“Socio and linguistic”
Socio
Is derived from latin word which means society
Linguistic
Is derived from Greek word meaning language
“This is the combination of two words we will say that sociolinguistics is the
study of language within the society”
“The scientific analysis of a language in a society is called sociolinguistics”
Sociolinguistics is one of the branches of linguistic it makes use of the
theories and applications including sociology and linguistic to discover the
relationship between language and society from different social perspectives
such as culture norms and gender difference
Language:
Language is the ability to produce & comprehend spoken and written
words
Society:
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered
community.

 Possible relationship between language and society

Language is Very important in a country it varies from area to area every

nation has its own language.
Like we live in Pakistan and it also divides into prevents his and every province
has its own language In Punjab the most spoken language is Punjabi and incent
people use Sindhi language
  B are deeply connected with each other
 In social investigslist study how social class tender age occupation
ethnicity changes the way we speak All these have impacted our language
that how we we are using the language
For example Urdu language has specific words for every relation like taya,
chachu, phoopa, phoopi
 It also focuses upon how language determines the taste of a person
Possible relationship between language and society
Which are total 4 in number
1.social structure influences that linguistics structure
2. linguistic structure influences social structure
3.bi directional
4.not relationship at all between language structure and social structure.
 Social structure influences the linguistic structure
In social structure ethnicity, Gender, Age, Occupation, Religion influences the
way we speak language in

Form of different dialects based on regions.

 Linguistic behavior:
Discuss how nature and behavior of a language shapes the way of
speakers. English was considered to be the sexist language and have been
blamed for shaping the way of west to see women object or something inferior
to men. Linguistic behavior impacted our social structure and mindset.
 Bidirectional:
In Bidirectional both factors simultaneously influences each other means
society effects language and at the same time language effects the society.
Language behavior is shaping the way of speaker and at the same time social
structure is responsible for effecting the language structure and norms.
  No relationship at all:
Language and society are two different things there are no any
relationship between language and society.This viewpoint is held by Chomsky
who tried to introduce an a social linguistic approach.
Language, sound, phrases, sentence, structure this a set that we used to convey
our meaning.

 Function of Language in Society

Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use
language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture.
There are many functions of Language but here are some major functions in the
following and they related from one to another.
 Cognitive function:
Cognitive function that is defined as the brain based skills which are needed in
acquisition of Knowledge, manipulation of information, and reasoning. They
have more to do with the mechanisms of how people Learn, remember,
Problem-Solve and pay attention. Many processes are involved in acquiring
information, including listening, watching, reading, searching out information,
or just paying attention to things around you. In all cases, you are using your
cognitive functions to gather information. Cognitive functions include
Attention, Memory, Perception, Decision making etc.
 Evaluative Function:
( Judge Something Carefully)
Evaluation aspects of Language allow us to convey feelings , assessment of
people, situations and objects and to share and contrast those opinions with
other speaker. It is used to express language in the real world. For example.
France is a beautiful country
 Affective Function:
The third function of Language is referred to be as affective. A language is used
by its speaker to transmit emotions and feelings.
Factor of society affect the language

 Language and Age

We all know that language changes with a change of society that is our
society also vary with our age for example as in old age people uses more
refined words in there language like ap janab kind of words whereas now
people did not pay attention to there words they uses word you tum for
everyone else
So by age a person is divided into 4 categories
1. Child
2. Teenagers
3. Adults
4. Seniors
So now in the question arises how different age group speaks differently
 Children’s:- children are not concerned about the language and
vocabulary so open the states are open acceptable and children’s language
 Teenagers:- images out of dragon Force with an a language change and
they are just informal language they uses land they tried to excitement
with new words by this formation of new words
Take place
 Adults:- adults have mature society so language also changes as become
mature they uses better grammatical patterns they uses vocabulary their
uses of discourse analysis and state has better pronunciation pattern
 Seniors:- Seniors are have difficulty to find forty day hesitate to talk to
anyone they always talk in lower volume

 Gender and Language

 When you look around, you might notice that, for the most part,
masculinity and femininity are represented in a number of different ways. From
the way people dress, to how they wear their hair, all of these choices are
sending a message about their own relationship to the social construct of
gender, or how a person identifies themselves in relation to the categories of
man and woman. Gender is so tied to how we express ourselves that it can even
impact the words we use every day!
This may come as a surprise. At first, gender might seem irrelevant to
language. However, researchers have repeatedly demonstrated a strong
relationship between gender and how language is acquired, developed, and
used. Gender seems to have an impact on language development even in very
different historical and cultural contexts.
Gender and Language Acquisition

First of all, gender can play an important part in language acquisition, or

how young children learn their native language. In many societies, babies and
toddlers spend more time with female caregivers, so early language is often
initially mimicked from a female speaker.
Most language groups, young girls acquire language on average at a
slightly faster rate than boys, though this tends to even out by middle childhood.
Gender differences in language use appear early; girls are more likely to use
language in the context of emotional relationships with others, while boys are
more likely to use language to describe objects and events.
On average, girls also learn to read slightly earlier than boys, but this too evens
out in middle childhood. Nonetheless, throughout the lifespan, women tend to
perform slightly higher than men on average on tests measuring verbal acuity
and performance.

 Language and Social class

A division or order of society according to status, wealth,rank or prestige

Our society is divided into three basic classes
1.upper class
2. Middle class
3. Lower class.

 Upper class:
Upper class mein usually contain professional businessman, lawyers, doctors,
engineers WhatsApp all of these are educated person and they uses very
prestige form of language always uses nice word nice vocabulary with others
 Middle class:
Middle class usually speaks lingua franca of its society, country or Nation
Example: The lingua franca Pakistan is Urdu then the middle class families of
Pakistan will always speak Urdu

 Lower class:
In lower class merchants plumbers and labours are include regional dialect for
example if a person living in Punjab there he always speaks Punjabi if these
lower class is living in sindh always speak Sindhi.

 Language and Education

Education is one of the most significant factor in our society and language
is yet another one
Language is required for everything we do as humans and it is become a
defining factor of humans
They both interact with each other in a very significant way
 Relationship:
Knowledge is coded in and transculated through language is it is so much
obvious that language is a most critical element in the domain of education
All kinds of transactions in general and transactions in classroom in the domain
of education takes place through language without language there’s no
transaction in education such is the significance of education and such is the
role off language in education
Anything else can wait but a proper attention to language in education can’t
wait it requires attention
 Significance:
Identifying the significance of language in education *MAK* *HALLIDAY*
believes that…
“learning about language is learning the genesis of learning itself”
Therefore it is not at all possible to drop your focus from language in education
A leading educational anthropologist *HEATH*
He believes that….
Language is fundamental to education
 School:
Schools become a very specific domain in all learning of childrens it does a lot
of things to Childers
The fact of Matter is that In most of the cases language of schools doesn’t
match with the language childrens brings to schools so in this condition what is
the strategy adopted by schools to deal with this mama mismatch in this
condition school choose a language of their own so in this way schools are
playing an affirmative role in human behaviors.

 Language And Profession:

Not only does being a bilingual improve your multi tasking, it improves
your decision making and problem solving skills. Language improves your
ability to think analytically so , not only will you land your dream job but you
will also become master at deciding where to eat.
Language skills:
The four common language skills are listening , speaking, reading and writing.
Mastering these skills can make you a more thoughtful communicator who
understands the needs of those around you. In the workplace, effective
communication is vital to achieving goals.
Listening:
A passive skill, listening is the earliest common language skill most people
develop. Approaches to improve listening skill includes “the practice of active
listening” in which you respond while others are talking with affirmations like “
I understand what you are saying”.
Speaking:
Speaking is a productive skill in which your body works in tendem with your
brain to voice language. If you want to improve your speaking skills you can
practice public speaking in front of a group.
Reeading:
Reading tests your ability to comprehend information visually(or sometimes
audibly with the advent of audiobooks). You can develop your reading skill by
reading often and using different resources like a dictionary or thesaurus.
Writing:
Writing is a productive skill that allows you to visually communication
information to others using the alphabets, phonics and grammar. You can
practice blogging and journaling to become a stronger writer.

How to use effective language skills at work place:

Communicating better at work can make you a stronger employee. Some
practical techniques for using effective language skills at work
 Use a dictionary and other resources.
 Learn a new language.
 Know your language comprehension strengths and weaknesses.
 I your public speaking skills.
 Practice writing professional emails.

 Language and Culture

Human culture and language are deeply intertwined. Anthropologists

would have difficulty understanding a culture without becoming familiar with
its language and vice versa. In fact, neither one can exist without the other.
A distinguishing aspect of human communication is that it is symbolic. In order
to convey meaning, language uses arbitrary signs to stand for concepts. Whether
spoken, written, or via gestures, people continually communicate with others
throughout their lives. Yet the power and meaning of language goes far beyond
its signs or symbols. Through language, humans are able to share beliefs,
worries, perceptions, expectations, experiences and knowledge. These are the
building blocks of communicating culture.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis – or linguistic relativity – suggests that a language

and its overarching categories or structures used to classify the world directly
shape one’s perceptions, so much so that speakers of distinct languages are
likely to view the world differently.