Name: Harsh Saria

Batch: Aerospace
SC code: SC20B025
Email: hsaria200402@gmail.com
Societal Applications of Indian Space Science and Technology Development
Ever since space technology trod in India, there were questions that houseflied
with it. Question that whether India really needs a space agency? Supporting
this they used to say that India doesn’t have money to feed majority of its
people but it has money to invest in space applications. But today we can say,
with no doubt, that setting up of space agency was one of the best things we had
done.
When you go up, up above the sky, into the space, you get a better field of view
of the Earth. Gone are the days when farmer used to climb coconut trees to get a
better field of view. With remote sensing satellites they can get a multifold of
what they had seen from tree top. This is just one of the many applications.
Navigation and communication is yet another handy application. Disaster
management shows its worth in case of any mishaps. Even ISRO has
contributed to India during pandemic by providing ventilator ideas and
prototypes. Be it any field, space based inputs are always helpful and makes
things simpler. NavIC constellation will better tele-communication. Satellites
are even used to search for better lands to build architecture. Noeth-Eastern
India has an uneven terrain. Here satellites can be of much help. Forest, water
bodies, coral reefs, pollution, air and weather are continuously assessed. Oceans
are also mapped and ways to prevent degradation of these water bodies have
emerged.
In coming days, your position in the whole world depends on how strong your
space technology is. So its imperative that space technology is a must. It always
fascinates me when I think how tiny we humans are on galactic scale, still we
are capable of such big things.
1. ISRO found in 1969
2. Survey of various mineral and natural resources have been made possible
through remote sensing.
3. Management of these resources, their development conservation and
formulation of various policies are effectively done with the use of
information derived through remote sensing.
4. Various meteorological services including information about monsoon,
climate flood, cyclonic activities etc are provided through the
technologies.
5. It has developed communication technology in India.
6. They have proved very useful in spread of education. Even in remote
areas, the expertise educations have been made possible through the talk
back channels of INSAT-3D satellite.
7. They have helped in environment conservation programmes estimation of
agricultural production and water resources information’s.
8. Green revolution had been made possible through this technology.
9. The concept of “Gramsat” satellites have emerged to provide the basic
requirements of villages.
10.Apart from these various uses, the space programme has helped in social
cultural and scientific consolidation and harmony.

11.Critics of MOM:
a. Economist Jean Dreze of the Delhi School of Economics told CNN
that the money would have been better spent on public health or
solar energy, and was quoted in the BBC as lamenting how the
mission “seems to be part of the Indian elite’s delusional quest for
superpower status.”
 b. Some have argued that this money should be spent on feeding the
poor, economic stimulus, higher education.
c. Others have argued that the intellectual talent should be used only
for projects of direct immediate benefit – not long term projects
such as this.
d. Still others have argued that national pride and confidence are not
important to growth and development
12.“Science and Technology should be the last areas to receive budget cuts,
in any economy”
13.These missions inspires youth to contribute in this field. Not with just this
field, it is the same with all field.
14.There was not only 1 mission that succeeded that day – there we a million
missions, mission to motivate youth, that got a tremendous thrust that day
15.Malaria is spread by Mosquitoes you will treat it as common knowledge
or worse a prelims bit,but it took Sir Ronald Ross and years of hard work
to prove to world how malaria is spread and it saved millions of life from
then on. This is just to say that scientific accomplishment is important for
society

Spinoffs – technology transfer

16.ISRO has developed various structural and non-structural adhesives.
silicon based, polyurethane elastomers and acrylic based adhesives are
Non-structural. Epoxy resins, phenol based and rubber based adhesives
using chloroprene and neoprene are Structural. These adhesives can be
used in automobile and other engineering industries.
17.Unnamed thermal barrier used in cryogenic fuel tanks made up of
hydrophobic silica aerogel has low thermal conductivity, density and high
specific surface area. It can be used as thermal insulator to manufacture
winter clothes and boots of soldiers stationed in extremely cold region
18.Using lightweight rocket material, ISRO has developed low-cost heart
pump that assists the human heart to pump blood especially in cases
where the left ventricle starts to fail
19.INSAT based Distress Alert Transmitter (DAT) is used to transmit
emergency conditions and position location to a central hub station via
UHF transponder of INSAT for rescue operation. It can be easily installed
in boats or other vehicles. In case of emergency, user just needs to switch
on the DAT unit. User is required to select a message (e.g. fire in boat) by
pressing the corresponding switch provided in the system. The DAT
combines the message with position of the boat obtained through GPS,
 and transmits the same to a central HUB station. The DAT will repeat the
message every minute for first five minutes and then every five minutes
till it is switched off manually or until the battery life gets over. Intended
for emergency message communication transmission for all type of sea
going vessels especially useful for fisherman
20.Polyurethane (PU) technology was developed for insulation, damping,
acoustic protection and other lightweight structural applications in launch
vehicles. The development of PU foams for rocket motor applications has
resulted in an important spin off in the form of artificial foot prosthesis
21.One of the widely used ISRO products is the fire extinguishing powder -
‘OLFEX’ for flammable liquid, gas fires and Ternary Eutectic Chloride
(TEC) powder for metal fires. Both these powders have been extensively
tested by various competent and independent agencies
22.Search and Rescue Beacon is an affordable and technically advanced
electronic device that helps to rescue people in distress through satellite
communication. The beacon transmits encoded digital message that
contains information about the beacon, such as its unique identification
number, country where the beacon is registered etc. along with current
location of the beacon. The beacon gets location information from Global
Positioning System (GPS). Various search and rescue satellites under
COSPAS-SARSAT network receive the transmitted signals. The
messages are processed and retransmitted to different ground stations.
These dedicated ground stations receive the message and alert the rescue
centres nearest to the spot of accident. The rescue centre in turn initiates
the rescue operations. The beacon can be used in sea, on difficult terrains
on the land and in air by various groups of people
23.AWS (Automatic Weather Stationo) Transmits Meteorological data every
hour from any remote station installed within the foot print of INSAT
Satellite. The AWS can immediately provide information on weather and
an anomaly from normal/expected weather.
24.ISRO developed a DTH based Disaster Warning Dissemination System
which will find wide applications for disaster warning dissemination
during flood, earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, landslides, civil disturbances
etc. Function(s) of each warning receiver deployed at different places can
be controlled from transmit end. The system can disseminate data Direct
to Home (DTH) or to community centres and public places. Warning
message originating station will select individual receiver or group of
receivers at a time deployed at different parts of the country. Receiver
consists of a specially designed Set Top Box with associated hardware
and software. The technology can be used for disaster warnings
broadcasted by the agencies during emergencies such as cyclone,
earthquake, landslide, flood and civil disturbances and can also be used
for viewing entertainment programs broadcasted on free to air channel
25.Observations of wind velocity profiles are very important for studying
meteorological phenomena and for weather forecasting. Radar Wind
Profiler (RWP), a coherent-pulse-Doppler-Radar, is one of the most
suitable remote sensing instruments for observing height profiles of three
components of wind velocity vector, including the vertical velocity, with
high time and height resolutions without influence of weather conditions.
The Lower Atmospheric Wind Profiling Radar (LAWP) developed by
ISRO provides the data to study the dynamics of the lower atmosphere
(upto 5 km). LAWP radar is a potential tool to carry out research studies
such as Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) dynamics (winds,
turbulence structure), seasonal and Inter annual variations, interaction
between the annual variations, interaction between the ABL and the free
troposphere, vertical profiles of precipitation, bright band
characterization, monitoring the height of the melting layer and the
vertical extent of hydrometeors, rain/cloud drop size distribution etc.
Improved short- Improved short-range forecasting, numerical weather
prediction models, air pollution, civil aviation and flight planning,
identification of atmospheric ducts, air pollution prediction, wind shear
monitoring, temperature profiling in the radio acoustic sounding system
(RASS) mode etc are some of operational applications
26.ISRO has developed a number of adhesives for its own applications. They
include both structural and non-structural adhesives. Non-structural
adhesives developed include silicon based, polyurethane elastomers and
acrylic based adhesives. Structural adhesives developed include epoxy
resins, phenol based and rubber based adhesives using chloroprene and
neoprene. These adhesives can find varied applications in automobile and
other engineering industries. The use of adhesives, for joining, fixing and
sealing, in the automobile industry is on the increase mainly due to its
inherent advantages. The main advantages are improved stress
distribution, weight saving, noise and vibration reduction, corrosion
prevention, ease of joining dissimilar materials, sealing of joints,
improved stress distribution and aesthetic appearance
27.Polyaramid reinforced plastic is a popular composite used for various
launch vehicle applications. ‘ACRAMID’ is yet another space spin off
from ISRO developed from composites technology. ACRAMID is a
denture material developed based on composite technology. ACRAMID
is the composite of polyaramid fibres and poly methyl methacrylate resin.
ACRAMID is used for fixed prosthodontic restoration when a tooth is
lost. Materials presently used are metallic alloys containing gold, silver
and ceramics. Fabrication using these materials requires sophisticated
equipments. ACRAMID is a viable substitute for metal, alloys and
ceramics. It is made with short fiber reinforcement to avoid micro cracks
and longitudinal reinforcement to withstand operational loads.
 Toxicological and biocompatibility tests showed no ill effects. Clinical
trials showed that the prosthesis would remain successful for many years.
Product testing for mechanical loads has demonstrated good margin of
safety. The advantages of ACRAMID are; cost 5% that of gold, better
aesthetics because of matching color, light weight, easy processability,
minimum lab equipments and easily repairable. The ACRAMID
prosthesis has been worked out in such a way to avoid costly equipment
for the making of dentures. This can be used as a cheaper denture implant
for fixed orthodontic restoration.
28.ISRO has developed a novel Vibration Management Solution. The
system is based on wire rope mounts that provide inherent damping by
virtue of relative motion between wire strands. Delicate electronic and
optical systems vulnerable to vibration and shock can be protected using
this system. The system is ideal for solving vibration and shock
difficulties encountered during transportation in space and ground
environment. Wire rope isolators accommodate large deflections without
danger of bottoming and plastically deforming, thereby offering wide
range of isolation for variety of applications
29.Telemedicine
30.Climate change studies
31.Search and rescue
32.Tele education
33.Cartography
34.Communication
35.Geology and mineral resiurces
36.Ocean and meterology
37.Water resource management
38.Disaster management
39.Businesses, societies, and economies operating from local to global scales
are critically dependent on real-time data about our planet
40.Detailed real time mapping of ocean currents helps us understand how the
oceans mix, directly helping companies save fuel in ocean transportation,
trade, fishing, and recreation.
41.Understanding subtle changes in Earth’s rotation tells us about Earth’s
core and history but also improves GPS signals on which we increasingly
rely
42.Observations of the sun and of our near-space environment are used to
protect our electrical grids, satellites, and airline passengers as well as to
improve the fidelity of GPS signals.
43.Testing of sensors on other planets has improved or led to new satellites
that provide key data on Earth
44.provide critical insights for addressing many health concerns, from air
pollution to human and agricultural pandemics
45.current capabilities have developed, and are critically dependent on,
international collaborations, cooperation, and funding - Understanding
the course of one volcanic eruption or earthquake improves
understanding of the next one elsewhere in the world
46."What good does space exploration do for us here on Earth?" It's one that
astronomers, astronauts, space engineers and teachers answer nearly
every day.
47.People also explore the sea bottoms of our own planet using craft
influenced by the life support systems needed to survive in space
48.the ear thermometer sitting in your medicine cabinet relies on the same
infrared technology used by NASA to measure the temperature of stars
49.anti-corrosion coatings
  questions
 MOM – critics and achievements
 Cy2
 Not just 1 mission
 Inspiration and motivation

 Field of view

 Farmers – palm tree

 Crops, ocean, pollution, weather, vegetation, communication,

navigation, tele education, disaster management

 Survey of various mineral and natural resources have been made possible
through remote sensing.
 Management of these resources, their development conservation and
formulation of various policies are effectively done with the use of
information derived through remote sensing.
 Various meteorological services including information about monsoon,
climate flood, cyclonic activities etc are provided through the
technologies.
 It has developed communication technology in India.
 They have proved very useful in spread of education. Even in remote
areas, the expertise educations have been made possible through the talk
back channels of INSAT-3D satellite.
 They have helped in environment conservation programmes estimation of
agricultural production and water resources information’sSurvey of
various mineral and natural resources have been made possible through
remote sensing.
 Management of these resources, their development conservation and
formulation of various policies are effectively done with the use of
information derived through remote sensing.
 Various meteorological services including information about monsoon,
climate flood, cyclonic activities etc are provided through the
technologies.
 It has developed communication technology in India.
 They have proved very useful in spread of education. Even in remote
areas, the expertise educations have been made possible through the talk
back channels of INSAT-3D satellite.
 They have helped in environment conservation programmes
estimation of agricultural production and water resources
information’s
 The concept of “Gramsat” satellites have emerged to provide the
basic requirements of villages.
 Apart from these various uses, the space programme has helped in
social cultural and scientific consolidation and harmony.
