Learning Area Mathematics Grade Level 10

W7 Quarter Third Date

I. LESSON TITLE Probability of (𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)

II. MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING COMPETENCIES The learner finds the probability of (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (M10SP-IIIg-h-1)
(MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE
Solving for the probability of the union of two events
CONTENT
Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Learning Activities
Time Frame
A. Introduction 15 minutes At the end of the lesson, you are able to:
1. identify the formula that will be using for a particular problem that involves the
union of events;
2. solve for the probability of the union of two events; and
3. appreciate the application of probability of the union of two events to real-life
situations.

In your previous lessons, you have learned to find the probability of simple
events like getting an odd number in a roll of a die and getting a head in a toss of a
coin.

However, what if two events are being considered in finding a probability? An

example is finding the probability of choosing Yambo Lake or a lake that starts with
“C” from the Seven Lakes of San Pablo City, Laguna namely Sampaloc, Bunot,
Yambo, Pandin, Mohicap, Calibato, and Palakpakin. It means that you will be
looking for the probability of the union of the given two events. In addition, the word
“or” indicates the union of such.

In this lesson, you will learn to determine the probability of union of two events (𝐴 ∪
𝐵).
B. Development 50 minutes Read the text below to familiarize yourself with the probability of union of two events
(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵).

Probability of Union of Two Events

If A and B are events in the sample space, then the probability of A or B
occurring is:

𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).

However, if there is no intersection between events A and B, then the

probability of A or B occurring is
𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵).

Study the following illustrative examples.

Illustrative Example 1:

A die is rolled once. Find the probability that the number is an even number or
a multiple 4.

Let us denote A as the event of getting an even number and B as the event of
getting a multiple of 4. Since there are three even numbers in a die {2,4,6}, we can
say that the probability of getting an even number is 3 out of 6.

3 1
In symbol, 𝑃(𝐴) = = .
6 2

When it comes to the event of getting a multiple of 4, there is only one multiple
of 4 in a die {4}, thus the probability of getting a multiple of 4 is 1 out of 6.
 1
In symbol, 𝑃(𝐵) = .
6
However, there is a number which is both an even number and a multiple of 4
in a die {4} and its probability is 1 out of 6.

1
In symbol, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = .
6

Hence, we can say that the probability of getting an even number or a

multiple of 4 in a roll of a die is

1 1 1 1
𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = + − = .
2 6 6 2

Illustrative Example 2:

A die is rolled once. Find the probability that the number is an even number or
a multiple of 5.

Let us denote A as the event of getting an even number and B as the event of
getting a multiple of 5. The probability of getting an even number in a roll of a die is:

3 1
𝑃(𝐴) = =
6 2

while the probability of getting a multiple of 5 is:

1
𝑃(𝐵) =
6

Since, there is only one number in a die which is a multiple of 5 {5}. There is no number
in a die which is both an even number and a multiple of 5, so there is no intersection
between the two events. Hence, the probability of getting an even number or a
multiple of 5 in a roll of a die is

1 1 3 1 4 2
𝑃 (𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 2 + 6 = 6 + 6 = 6 = 3.

C. Engagement 50 minutes Learning Task 1

Find the probability of the following problems.

1. A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a chip is drawn randomly from the
bowl, what is the probability that it is
a) 7 or 15?
b) 5 or a number divisible by 3?
c) even or divisible by 3?
d) a number divisible by 3 or divisible by 4?

2. Dario puts 44 marbles in a box in which 14 are red, 12 are blue, and 18 are yellow.
If Dario picks one marble at random, what is the probability that he selects a red
marble or a yellow marble?

Learning Task 2

Maricar labeled each of 26 small pieces of paper a distinct letter in the English
alphabet. She put it in a box. If she will ask her brother, Paulo, to randomly pick a
piece of paper from the box, what is the probability that it is:
1) a vowel or a consonant?
2) a consonant or w?
3) a vowel or e?
4) a consonant or o?
5) a vowel or k?
D. Assimilation 30 minutes Learning Task 3

Solve the following problems.

1. A die is rolled once. Find the probability that

a) the number is even or a multiple of 3;
b) the number is a multiple of 2 or multiple of 3;
c) the number is an odd number or a multiple of 2.

2. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that the card drawn is:
a) an ace or a king;
b) a king or a diamond.
E. Assessment 30 minutes Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

San Pablo City is famous for its Seven Lakes namely: Sampaloc, Bunot, Yambo,
Pandin. Mohicap, Calibato, and Palakpakin. Your friend from Manila will come to your
house to have a one-week vacation. You suggested that you will accompany him to
visit one of the Seven Lakes. To determine the lakes that you will be visiting, you
decided to draw lots. So, you wrote each lake name on a piece of paper and put
them in a bowl. If you will pick one paper from the bowl, what is the probability that
you will pick:
a. Sampaloc or a lake that starts with “S”?
b. a lake that starts with “P” or starts with “S”?
c. Bunot or Yambo?
d. Mohicap or a lake that starts with “B”?
e. a lake that starts with “M” or starts with “Y”?
VI. REFLECTION 20 minutes Complete the following phrases:
I understand that _____________________________________________________________.
I realize that __________________________________________________________________.
I need to learn more about ____________________________________________________.

Prepared by: Rolito G. Asombra – San Jose National High School Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO