ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful for the cooperation and constant encouragement from my honourable Head
of Department Dr. Syed Abu Sayeed Mohammed. His regular suggestion made my
work easy and proficient.

It is my privilege and pleasure to express our profound sense of respect, gratitude and
indebtedness to Dr. Muzammil Ahamed , Principal of HKBK college of Engineering,
to provide all the required resources for the successful completion of my seminar.

I would like to express profound gratitude to my guide Dr. Syed Abu Sayeed
Mohammed for her invaluable support, encouragement, supervision and useful
suggestions throughout this seminar work. Her moral support and guidance enabled me
to complete my work successfully.

I would also like to express my thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help
and co-ordination extended in bringing out this seminar successfully on time.

I will be failing in duty if I do not acknowledge with grateful thanks to the authors of the
references and other literatures referred to in this seminar.

Dept of Civil Engineering | H.K.B.K CE, 2017-18

 INDEX

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO
1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 01
1.2 DEFINITION? 01
1.3 WHAT IS SOIL LIQUEACTION WHY DOES IT
02-03
OCCUR?
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 04-06
2.1 EFFECTS OF FINE CONTENT 04
2.2 EFFECTS OF NON PLASTIC FINE CONTENT 04
2.3 EFFECTS OF PLASTIC FINE CONTENT 05
2.4 PLASTICITY BASED LIQUEFACTION
05
CRITERIA
2.5 EFFECTS ON PORE PRESSURE
06
GENERATION
2.6 RATE AND MAGNITUDE OF PORE
06
PRESSURE GENERATION
3 3.1 SOIL PROPERTIES DURING LIQUEFACTION 07-08
3.2 PORE WATER PRESSURE DURING
08
LIQUEFACTION
3.3 OCCURRENCE OF SOIL LIQUEFACTION 09
3.4 EARTHQUAKE LIQUEFACTION 09-10
3.5 TYPES OF FAILURE 10
3.6 FACTORS AFFCETING SOIL LIQUEFACTION 11
3.7 CONSEQUENCES OF LIQUEFACTION 11
4 SAND PHENOMENONS 12-14
4.1 QUICK SAND PHENOMENON 12-13
4.2 QUICK CLAY PHENOMENON 14
5 5.1 SOIL LIQUEFACTION TRAGEDIES 15-17
5.2 EFFECTS 18-19
5.3 MITIGATION METHODS 20-22
6 ANALYSIS OF LIQUEFACTION PRONE AREAS 23-24
7 7.1 SUMMARY 25
7.2 CONCLUSION 25
8 REFERENCES 26

Dept of Civil Engineering | H.K.B.K CE, 2017-18

 ABSTRACT
“Liquefaction” A major cause of structural damage during earthquake. As one the most
hazardous event is discussed, certain analysis for soil are to be performed to understand
the behaviour of soil and its stability towards such actions on different sites and
determining the liquefaction susceptibility. On the basis of different parameters and
liquefaction susceptibility on which soil strength is considered certain Ground
Improvement Techniques (GIT) are used for Chandigarh, Kolkata, Orissa, Lucknow,
Gandhinagar, Vijaywada, Delhi, Vishakhapatnam, Pushkar, Bhuj and Kutch
accordingly. In this paper the designing of counter measures for remediation of
liquefaction with precautionary measures is being done. The objective is to take one of
the Ground Improvement Techniques accordingly to overcome the chances of
liquefaction for the each particular type of soil.
The important constraints that are to be self-addressed is Economical, sustainable and
to be socially acceptable.
Keywords—Liquefaction, Susceptibility, Ground Improvement Technique,
Remediation.

Dept of Civil Engineering | H.K.B.K CE, 2017-18