EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF
MARBLE WASTE IN CONCRETE

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

KOKILA.P (731216103302)

SUGANYA.S (731216103304)

TAI PAUL (731216103004)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

J.K.K.MUNIRAJAH COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

T.N.PALAYAM

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI - 600 025

MARCH 2020
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report titled “EXPERIMENTAL

INVESTIGATION ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MARBLE WASTE
IN CONCRETE” is approved record of work done by
KOKILA.P – (731216103302) , SUGANYA.S - (731216103304) & TAI PAUL –
(731216103004) in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Civil
Engineering of Anna University of Technology during the year 2019-2020.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Mrs. MOHANAPRIYA.V Mrs. BENAZIR BANU

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant professor Assistant professor

Department of civil engineering, Department of civil engineering,

J K K Munirajah College of technology J K K Munirajah College of technology

T N Palayam -638 506 T N Palayam -638 506

Submitted for the end semester viva - voce examination held on ...…………….

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing moment of having successfully completed our project, we

wish to convey our cordial and sincere thanks to THE CHAIRMAN for who
provided all the facilities to us and THE SECRETARY. The excellent education
environment extended for us in doing the project work.

We relevantly submit our humble gratitude to THE PRINCIPAL for

rewarding us to do our project and offering adequate duration in completing the
project.

We express our earnest escalation to our HEAD OF DEPARTMENT in

Department of Civil Engineering for his enduring effort in synchronizing us
throughout the project.

We also extend our thanks to our project guide in Department of Civil

Engineering for their inspiration in completing the project work.

“A Successful team is a group of many hands but one of mind” in the same
way project could not be completed without help co-operation of our department
Teaching and Non-Teaching staffs.

“Coming together is a beginning, keeping together is a progress, and

working together is success”. We finally thank our parents, friends and all those
who made this project a succes
 iv

ABSTRACT

In this project, a study was made to obtain costly building materials using the
industrial marble waste in concrete. The objective of the study is to use these
wastes in high-cost construction with adequate compressive strength. Different
coarse aggregate replacements have been studied by substituting 10%, 20% and
30% of marble wastage. The waste material was substituted for replacement of
coarse aggregates and for the preparation of concrete. To refered for this project
the replacement material with concrete performance compared to conventional
concrete.

In this project, we have followed Indian standard methods and arrived at the
mix design for M20 grade concrete. Experimental studies were conducted only on
plain cement concrete. The preliminary studies were conducted by mixing the
marble with the cement concrete cubes of standard sizes. The building material
specimens were analyzed for compressive strength as per IS code. For the test and
other specifications, it can be concluded that the marble waste in concrete can be
increase the strength of the concrete.

The compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of

concrete curing and tested for 7 & 28 days has been found to the replacements of
marble waste in concrete. The results show as effective for practical purpose.
 v

CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT iiv

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

1 INTRODUCTION 10

1.1 GENERAL 10

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 11

1.3 OBJECTIVES 11
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 13

2.1 GENERAL 13

3 METHODOLOGY 16

3.1 FLOWCHART OF METHODOLOGY 16

4 STUDY OF MATERIAL PROPERTY 17

4.1 CEMENT 17

4.2 COARSE AGGREGATE 18

4.3 MARBLE WASTE 19

4.4 COARSE AGGREGATE 2O

4.4.1 USES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 21

4.5 WATER CONTENT 21

 vi

5 MATERIAL COLLECTION 22

5.1 GENERAL 22

5.2 REPLACEMENT OF MARBLE 22

6 TESTING OF MATERIALS 24

6.1 TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE 24

6.1.1 Specific Gravity 24

6.1.2 Fineness Modulus 25

6.2 TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE 26

6.2.1 Impact test 26

6.2.2 Fineness Modulus 27

6.3 TESTS ON MARBLE WASTE 28

6.3.1 Impact test 28

6.3.2 Fineness Modulus 29

7 MIX PROPORTION 30

7.1 CONCRETE MIX PROPORTION FOR M20 GRADE 30

7.2 DESIGN RESULT FOR M20 GRADE CONCRETE 31

7.2.1 For Cube Mix Detail 31

7.2.2 For Cylinder Mix Detail 31

7.2.3 For Prism Mix Detail 32

7.3 FRESH CONCRETE TEST 32

 vii

8 STRENGTH ANALYSIS 33

8.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 33

8.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 34

8.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH 36

8.4 COMPARISION STATEMENT 37

9 CONCLUSION 38

REFERENCES 39
 vii
i

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.1.1 Chemical Composition of Cement 18

5.1.1 Physical Properties of Marble 23

5.1.2 Chemical Properties of Marble 23

6.1.1 Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate 24

6.1.2 Fineness Modulus of Fine Aggregate 25

6.2.2 Fineness Modulus of Coarse Aggregate 27

6.3.2 Fineness Modulus of Marble Waste 29

7.2.1 For Cube Mix Details 31

7.2.2 For Cylinder Mix Details 31

7.2.3 For Prism Mix Details 32

7.3.1 For Fresh Concrete Test 32

8.1 Compressive Strength Result 33

8.2 Split Tensile Test Result 35

8.3 Flexural Strength Test Result 36

 ix

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

3.1 Flow Chart For Methodology 16

4.1 Cement 17

4.2 Fine Aggregate 18

4.3 Marble Waste 19

4.4 Coarse Aggregate 20

6.2.1 Impact Test on Coarse Aggregate 26

6.3.2 Impact Test on Marble Waste 28

8.1.1 Compressive Strength Test 33

8.1.2 Flow Chart For Compressive Strength 34

8.2.1 Split Tensile Strength Test 34

8.2.2 Flow Chart For Split Tensile Strength 35

8.3.1 Flexural Strength Test 36

8.3.2 Flow Chart For Flexural Strength 37

 10

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL

Concrete as a constructive material, has been used in construction industry for

about two centuries. Approximately, the whole bulk of the concrete is used in one
year is more than one ton a piece .Therefore, doing research about using modern
technologies in production concrete is of great importance. Furthermore, one of the
most critical problems of the world has been related to remove the wastage and
reusing of it .In all countries, large amount of wastage is produced annually. Most of
these wastage are not reusable or if they are ,their recycling leads to wasting energy
and pollution which is turn increase the risk of these materials for the environment
.Moreover, a good strategy to achieve the two purposes of removing the wastage
material and also obtaining the positive qualities of concrete.

In India around 960 tons of solid waste is being generated annually as by

product from industrial, mining, agricultural and other processes. Out of these 960
million tons, around 360 million tons are organic, 290 million tons are inorganic and
4.5 tons are hazardous in nature.

Usually ,The wastage related to furnace and welding waste were created in
different forms some of which are produced in industries during and after production
process due to errors either construction or human activities, and also inappropriate
raw materials .Some others are produced in transportation and distribution procedures
and finally, the most bulk of them are created as a result of destroying constructions
.It is predicted that almost 3 to 7 percent of daily production of welding and furnace
wastage and this amount reaches to million ton per year.

The properties of these materials are in a way that they are unusable in other
cycles of production. Therefore, they are useless in practiced and cause damages to
 11

environment. All in all, the hard physical structure of these materials and also their
chemical structure make them a good and suitable choice to be used in concrete.

Therefore ,in this experimental study, first the crushed waste welding and
furnace waste and then its crushed were done in a way that the slag crushing curve of
the aggregates used in control concrete was completely in compatible with the
welding and furnace aggregates. In the first stage of the study, the welding and furnace
wastes with percentage 10, 20 and 30 were substituted for aggregate after that, a
comparison was made between the compressive strength, of normal concrete and
marble waste concrete.

1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY

 To provide a most economical concrete.

 It should be easily adopted in field.
 Using the waste material reusing and replacement concrete.
 To reduce the cost of construction.
 To find the optimum strength of the partial replacement of coarse aggregate.
 For use of granite and marble waste in concrete as a structural material, is
necessary to investigation the behavior of reinforced concrete under the flexure
strength, shear, compression strength, spilt tensile strength.
1.3 OBJECTIVE

The present study is aimed at utilizing waste marble or marble power as coarse
aggregate in concrete replacement. Marble is one of the most important material used
in building since ancient times, especially for decorative purposes in order to
determine the effect of the WM with respect to the curing age, standard mechanical
properties of concrete are to be analyzed at the curing ages of 7, 14, 28 days. The WM
in concrete prepared by the M20 grade of concrete.
 12

 To utilize marble wastage manufacturing the concrete by partial replacement

with coarse aggregate.
 To perform the low strength concrete to high strength concrete.

 Reduce the quantity of coarse aggregate & increase the strength of concrete.

 The marble dust & chips as we know is a waste material and is thrown away
products is taken so the cost for slag can be said as negligible with a prevailing
nature in filtering qualities.

 Reduce the cost of construction.

 To economics the whole process of construction.

 13

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL

The application of recycled aggregate in the construction area is very wide.

There are many testing based on the recycled aggregate have been carried out all
around the world.

1. ATHUL KRISHANA K R

Nutan Patel et a studied on Marble Waste Opportunities for Development of

Low Cost Concrete. The author studied Based on the Indian Standard (IS:
102621982), design mix for M20 grade of concrete was prepared by partially replacing
fine aggregate with five different percentages by weight of marble powder (0%, 5%,
10%, 15%, and 20%).There is a slight decrease in compressive strength value
concrete mix when 20% marble powder is used as compared with that of 15% marble
powder mix. Compressive strength of the concrete has increased with increasing
percentages of marble dust additions. The author conclusion for this research rate of
the 0% marble waste 28 days strength is 38 N/mm2 at this strength of concrete rate is
Rs. 3760.25. After adding the marble dust increases the strength. The highest
compressive strength has been demonstrated by 15% marble dust is 40.5 N/mm2 at
this strength of concrete rate is Rs. 3732.56. By using the marble dust the rate of the
concrete is decrease and strength is increase. Shirule, P.A et al .investigated Partial
replacement of cement with marble dust powderin this paper author studies 30 cubes
and 30 cylinders have been casted.

The compressive strength and split tensile strength of cubes and cylinders was
measured for 7 and 28 days and cement used is 53 grade. M20 grade with nominal mix
1:1.5:3 as per IS 456-2000 was used and a water cement ratio of 0.5.
 14

Marble powder were added in concrete in step of 5% (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%
).this paper concluded by the author strength of concrete has been tested on cylinder
at 7 days curing and 28 days. 7days test has been conducted to check the gain in initial
strength of concrete. 28 days test gives the data of final strength of concrete at 28 days
curing. At 10% use of marble waste in concrete there is 27.4% increase in initial
compressive strength. Up to 10% replacement of marble waste there is increase of
caplet tensile strength. Ali A. Aliabad studied on the Re-use of waste marble dust in
the production of cement and concrete.

The author studies in paper the properties of concrete contained marble dust as
a cement replacement and as a sand replacement. The replacement ratios which have
been studied were 0.0%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% and 15% by weight. Water to powder
ratio (w/p) or water to cement ratio (w/c) were 0.50 and 0.40 in case of cement
replacement and in case of sand replacement respectively. This paper concluded by
in concrete compressive strength increases.

2. Prof .DIPESH VAIDYA

Different mechanical properties of marble slurry are determined like specific

gravity, fineness modulus was founded and it also showed that utilization of marble
slurry by replacing it with sand up to 30% which shows equal strength as of
conventional concrete i.e. 1:2:4 cement concrete ratio with 0% marble slurry. It
concludes that marble slurry can easily be utilized in cement concrete mix. In this
experimental study, the effects of using waste marble have been studied as a fine
material on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Four different series of
concrete-mixtures were prepared by replacing the fine sand (passing 0.25 mm sieve)
with waste marble powder at different proportions like 0, 25, 50 and 100% by weight.
For determining the effect of the waste marble powder. Compressive strength with
respect to the curing age, compressive strengths of the samples was recorded at the
curing ages of 3, 7, 28 and 90 days.
 15

Different properties like the porosity values, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV),
and dynamic modulus of elasticity and the unit weights of the series were determined
and compared with each other.

3. Prof. RAKESH GUPTA

Rakesh Gupta studied on “Partial replacement of cement with marble powder”
and concluded that for M20 grade concrete the compressive strength of cubes are
increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 10% replace by weight of
cement and further any addition of waste marble powder the compressive strength
decreases. The split tensile strength of cylinders are increased with addition of waste
marble powder up to 10% replace by weight of cement and further any addition of
waste marble powder the split tensile strength decreases.
4. JAY P. CHOTAILYA, KULDIP B, MAKWANA, PRATIK D
Jay P. Chotaliya, Kuldip B. Makwana, Pratik D. Tank (2016) carried an
experimental study on “waste marble chips as coarse aggregate”. They proved that
the marble concrete proves more economical at rate of around 7.44% than concrete
made with conventional coarse aggregate.

5. Prof. BAHAR DEMIREL

Bahar Demirel (2010) presented the use of marble dust as in place of fine
aggregate in concrete ix and check the mechanical properties of mix. In this
experimental study, the effects of using waste marble powder have been studied as a
fine material on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Four different series of
concrete-mixtures were prepared by replacing the fine sand (passing 0.25 mm sieve)
with waste marble powder at different proportions like 0, 25, 50 and 100% by weight.
For determining the effect of the waste marble powder on the compressive strength
with respect to the curing age, compressive strengths of the samples were recorded at
the curing ages of 3, 7, 28 and 90 days.
 16

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

Literature survey
Cement

Material collection Fine aggregate

Coarse aggregate
Study on material
properties
Marble waste

Casting the specimen by replacing` coarse aggregate to marble wastes

10%, 20% and 30% with percentage for M20 mix ratio

Fabrication

Testes on concrete

Comparing
Results

Fig.3.1 Flow chart for methodology

 17

CHAPTER 4
STUDY ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES
4.1 CEMENT

Fig.4.1 Cement

Cement is a crystalline compound of calcium silicate and other calcium

compounds having hydraulic properties. The raw materials required for manufacture
of Portland cement are calcareous material, such as lime stone or chalk, and
argillaceous material such as shale or clay.it is used as a binding material in mortar,
concrete, ect
 18

Table 4.1.1 Chemical composition of cement

Constituents Chemical composition Percent content
Lime Cao 60-6
Silica Sio2 1-25
Alumina Al2O3 3-8
Iron oxide Fe2O3 0.5-6.0
Magnesium oxide MgO 0.1-4.0
Sulphur trioxide SO3 0.4-1.3
Alkali oxides K2O & Na2O 1.3-3.0

4.2 FINE AGGREGATE

Fig.4.2 Fine aggregate

Sand is a material which is locally available. Natural sand confirms to grading
zoneII as per IS 383:190.The physical properties of sand as fineness,specific
gravity,etc. are determined as per IS:2386-1968.We have to use locally available river
sand passing through 4.75mm sieve conforming to the recommendation of IS 383-10
was used .
 19

In all the sand particles should have higher crushing strength. The surface
texture of the particles should be smooth .The edges of the particles should be
grounded .There should not be any organic impurities
4.3 MARBLE WASTE

Fig. 4.3 Marble Waste

Marble waste is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals,

most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble waste may be foliated. In enology the
term „marble‟ refer to metamorphosed limestone, but its use in stonemasonry more
broadly encompasses metamorphosed limestone. Marble waste is commonly used for
sculpture and as a building material. Marble waste is a combined with cement or
synthetic resins to make reconstituted or cultured marble. The appearance of marble
waste can be simulated with faux marbling, a painting techniques that imitates the
stones color patterns. We are used to the Roman marble waste in this project as the
favorite medium for Greek and roman sculpture and architects, marble has become a
cultural symbol of tradition and refined taste. Its extremely varied and colorful
patterns make it a favorite decorative material and it is often imitated in background
patterns for computer display etc,,
 20

Marble waste is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks,

most commonly limestone or dolomite rock. Metamorphism causes variable
recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains.

The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of

carbonate crystals. Primary sedimentary texture and structure rock have typically
been modified or destroyed.

4.4 COARSE AGGREGATE

Fig.4.4 Coarse aggregate

It acts as main filler and forms the main bulk of concrete, around the surfaces
of which the binding materials adhere in the form of film.

Aggregate is the main constituent of concrete, occupying more than 70% of the
concrete mix. Broken stone, broken brick and gravel are generally used as coarse
aggregates, granites; trap and basalt give excellent coarse aggregate.

The crushing strength and water tightness of concrete and its resistance to wear
and tear depends upon the aggregates. Further the aggregates balance the shrinkage
and volume changes of concrete.
 21

4.4.1 USES OF COARSE AGGREGATE

 Aggregate are used in concrete for very specific purposes.

 The uses of coarse aggregate in concrete provide significant economic benefit
for the final cost of concrete in place.
 Aggregate typically make up about 60-70% of the volume of a concrete mixture
, and as they are the least expensive of the materials used in concrete, the
economic impact is measurable.
 In addition, the use of aggregates provides volume stability to the hardened
concrete.
 The shrinkage potential of a cement paste is quite high when compared to the
aggregates.
 It is commonly accepted that water demand and cement content in a concrete
mixture increases as the maximum coarse aggregate size decreases.
 In short, the aggregates are used to improve economic, but more importantly
do contributes significantly to the final properties of any concrete mixture

4. 5 WATER CONTENT
Portable water has been used in this experimental program for mixing and
curing.
 22

CHAPTER 5

MATERIAL COLLECTION

5.1 GENERAL

In generally the materials where collected in for every steel and iron industries .It
will improve the performance of the concrete in the construction field. It will increase
the some percentage of the load caring capacity and the period of the life time and
extra.

5.2 REPLACEMENT OF MARBLE WASTE

Marble waste is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to

the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral
calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals such as: clay minerals, micas,
quartz, pyrite, iron oxides and graphite. Under the conditions of metamorphism the
calcite in the limestone recrystallizes to form a rock that is a mass of interlocking
calcite crystals. A related rock, dolomite marble, is produced when duotone is
subjected to heat and pressure. Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of
sedimentary carbonate rocks, most commonly limestone or dolomite rock.
Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral
grains. The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of
carbonate crystals. Primary sedimentary texture and structure rock have typically
been modified or destroyed. Marble waste is a combined with cement or synthetic
resins to make reconstituted or cultured marble waste. The appearance of marble can
be simulated with faux marbling, a painting techniques that imitates the stones colour
patterns. We are used to the Roman marble in this project as the favourite medium for
Greek and roman sculpture and architects, marble has become a cultural symbol of
tradition and refined taste. Its extremely varied and colourful patterns make it a
 23

favourite decorative material and it is often imitated in background patterns for

computer display etc,,

Table. 5.1.1 Physical properties of Marble waste

Hardness 3 to 4 on Mohs Scale
Density 2.49 to 2.6 Kg/m3
Compressive strength 1800 to 2100 KN/cm2
Water absorption Less than 1
Porosity Quite low
Weather Impact Resistant

Table.5.1.2 Chemical properties of Marble waste

Lime (CaO) 38-42
Silica(SiO2) 20-24
Alumina(Al2O3) 2-4
Other Oxides like Na, M 1.4-2.4
Loss on lnition(LOl) 30-32
 24

CHAPTER 6

TESTING OF MATERIALS
6.1 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE

6.1.1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

OBSERVATION

Table 6.1.1 Specific gravity of sand

WEIGHT
S.NO PARTICULARS
(kg)
1. Weight of pycnometer (W1) 0.680
2. Weight of pycnometer + sand (W2) 1.180

3. Weight of pycnometer + sand + Water(W3) 1.930

4. Weight of pycnometer + water (W4) 1.620

CALCULATION
Specific gravity of sand (G) = (W2 – W1) / (W2-W1)-(W3-W4)
=(1.18-0.680)/(1.62-0.680)-(1.93-1.18)
Specific gravity of sand (G) = 2.08

RESULT

Specific gravity of sand (G) = 2.08

 25

6.1.2 FINENESS MODULUS TEST

OBSERVATION

Table 6.1.2 Fineness modulus test on fine aggregate

Weight of sample taken = 1000gms

Weight of Cumulative % of
Sieve % of weight
residue in % of weight passing
Size retained
gms retained
10mm 0 0 0 100
4.75mm 28 2.8 2.8 97.2
2.36mm 38 3.8 6.6 93.4
1.18mm 80 8 14.6 85.4
600mic 218 21.8 36.4 63.6

300mic 466 46.6 83 17

150mic 138 13.8 96.8 3.2
Receives 0 0 100 0

CALCULATION
Fineness modulus =

= 3.402

RESULT
Fineness modulus of sand = 3.402
 26

6.2 TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE

6.2.1 IMPACT TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE

Fig 6.2.1 Impact test on coarse aggregate

CALCULATION
Weight of sample taken, W1 =1000gm
Final weight after sieving IS 12.5 mm size of sieve
Loss of weight, W2 =170gm

Aggregate impact value,

=17%

RESULT
Loss of aggregate in percentage = 17%
 27

6.2.2 FINENESS MODULUS TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE

OBSERVATION
Table 6.2.2 Fineness modulus test on coarse aggregate
Weight of sample taken = 1000gm

Weight of Cumulative % of
Sieve residue in % of weight % of weight
Size Retained passing
gms retained
80mm 0 0 0 100
40mm 150 7.5 7.5 92.5

20mm 1150 57.5 65 35

10mm 430 21.5 86.5 13.5
4.75mm 260 13 99.5 0.5

CALCULATION

Fineness modulus =

= 2.41

RESULT
Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate = 2.41
 28

6.3 TEST ON MARBLE WASTE

6.3.1 IMPACT TEST ON MARBLE WASTE

Fig 6.3.2 Impact test on marble waste

CALCULATION
Weight of sample takenW1 =1000gm
Final weight after sieving IS 12.5 mm size of sieve
Loss of weight W2 =190gm

Aggregate impact value

= 19%

RESULT
Loss of aggregate in percentage = 19%
 29

6.3.2 FINENESS MODULUS TEST ON MARBLE WASTE

OBSERVATION
Table 6.3.2 Fineness modulus test on marble waste
Weight of sample taken = 1000gm

Weight of Cumulative % of passing

Sieve residue in % of weight % of weight
Size gms Retained retained
80mm 0 0 0 100

40mm 90 4.5 4.5 95.5

20mm 1350 67.5 72 28

10mm 510 25.5 97.5 2.5

4.75mm 50 2.5 100 0

CALCULATION

Fineness modulus =

= 2.26

RESULT
Fineness modulus of marble waste = 2.260
 30

CHAPTER 7
MIX PROPORTION
7.1 CONCRETE MIX PROPORTION FOR M20 GRADE
MIX RATIO FOR 1m3

Mix ratio: M20 (1:1.5:3) Water cement ratio = 0.5

Mix ratio: M20 (1:1.5:3) Water cement ratio = 0.5

Cement 416.67kg/m3
Fine Aggregate 625 kg/m3
Coarse Aggregate 1250 kg/m3
Water ratio 208.33 lit/ m3
Marble waste 10%, 20% and 30%

Fine Coarse
Water
S.NO Cement Aggregate Aggregate
(lit/ m3)
(kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
Mix
1 1.5 3 0.5
proportion

Weight 416.67 625 1250 208.33

Marble waste as 10%, 20% and 30% respectively for coarse aggregate.

Therefore, coarse aggregate is taken as = coarse aggregate +Marble waste

By deducting 10% of coarse aggregate and adding 10% of marble waste as

replacement.
 31

7.2 DESIGN RESULT FOR M20 GRADE CONCRETE

7.2.1 FOR CUBE MIX DETAILS
Volume of Cube = 3.375 x 10-3m3

Table 7.2.1 For cube mix details

Fine Coarse
S.N Mix ratio Cement aggregate aggregate Marble Water
O (kg) (kg) (kg) waste(kg) (ml)

1 Conventional 1.55 2.10 4.65 0 703

2 10% 1.55 2.10 4.18 0.465 703

3 20% 1.55 2.10 3.72 0.93 703

4 30% 1.55 2.10 3.25 1.40 703

7.2.2 FOR CYLINDER MIX DETAILS

Volume of Cylinder = 5.3 x 10-3m3

Table 7.2.2 For Cylinder mix details

Cement Fine Coarse Marble
S.NO Mix ratio (kg) aggregate aggregate waste Water
(kg) (kg) (kg) (ml)
1 Conventional 2.4 3.65 7.28 0 1100

2 10% 2.4 3.65 6.55 0.72 1100

3 20% 2.4 3.65 5.82 1.45 1100

4 30% 2.4 3.65 5.10 2.20 1100

 32

7.2.3 FOR PRISM MIX DETAIL

Volume of Prism = 5 x 10-3 m3

Table 7.2.3 For Prism mix details

Fine Coarse Marble
S.NO Mix ratio Cement Aggregate Aggregate Waste Water
(kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) (ml)

1 Conventional 2.3 3.15 6.87 0 1004

2 5% 2.3 3.15 6.18 0.687 1004

3 10% 2.3 3.15 5.50 1.37 1004

4 30% 2.3 3.15 4.80 2.06 1004

7.3 FRESH CONCRETE TESTS

Table 7.3 For Fresh concrete test

S.NO Type of concrete Slump in mm
Compaction factor

1 Conventional 28 0.70

2 Marble (10%) 26 0.75

3 Marble (20%) 30 0.90

4 Marble (30%) 28 0.85

 33

CHAPTER 8
STRENGTH ANALYSIS
The compressive strength value gives the strength in concrete of M20 grade by
replacing coarse aggregate with marble waste. The compressive strength for concrete
mix ratio of 1:1.5:3 are determined by the test carried out the values are tabulated.

8.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Fig 8.1.1 Compressive strength test

Table 8.1 Compressive strength of M20 grade concrete

S.No Percentage of replacement Compressive Compressive

of strength at 7 days strength at 28 days
Marble waste (%) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

1 0 27 29.8

2 10 30.13 33.4

3 20 32.45 35.6

4 30 34.22 34.2
 34

Chart 1: Percentage of replacement Vs Compressive strength of M20 grade

concrete cubes
36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27
Conventional Marble(10%) Marble(20%) Marble(30%)

Fig.8.1.1 Flow chart for compressive strength

8.2 SPILT TENSILE STRENGTH

Fig 8.2.1 Tensile Strength Test

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Table 8.2 Tensile strength of M20 grade concrete

S.No Percentage of replacement of Tensile strength at Tensile strength

Marble waste (%) 7 days (N/mm2) at
28 days (N/mm2)

1 0 1.50 2.10

2 10 1.69 2.12

3 20 1.98 2.97
4 30 2.12 3.25

Chart 1: Percentage of replacement Vs Tensile strength of M20 grade concrete

cylinder

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
Conventional Marble(10%) Marble(20%) Marble(30%)

Fig.8.2.2 Flow chart for tensile strength

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8.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH

Fig 8.3.1 Flexural strength Test

Table 8.3 Flexural strength of M20 grade concrete

S.No Percentage of replacement Flexural strength Flexural strength at

of marble waste (%) at 7 days (N/mm2) 28 days (N/mm2)

1 0 2.70 2.90

2 10 2. 50 2.95

3 20 2.90 3.30

4 30 3.00 2.70
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Chart 3 : Percentage of replacement Vs Flexural strength of M20 grade concrete

Prism

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
Conventional Marble(10%) Marble(20%) Marble(30%)

Fig.8.3.2 Flow chart for flexural strength

8.4 COMPARISION STATEMENT
Compressive Split tensile Flexural strength
Grade of strength (N/mm2) strength(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
concrete 28days 28days 28days

Conventional
concrete M20 22.8 2.10 2.90

Optimum
replacement
strength of marble 35.6 3.25 3.30
waste (20%) M20

To referred for this project the replacement of marble waste for 20% with
concrete to gives optimum strength at after 28days 35.6 N/mm2.

The replacement material with M20 grade concrete to gives better result
compared to conventional concrete. And also it perform in high strength concrete.
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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
 Conclusion of marble waste replacement concrete to tensile strength and
flexural strength to compressive strength will getting more.
 For the optimum percentage of 20% for replacing marble waste.
 From the above study it can be concluded that the waste marble chips can be
used in concrete production as a coarse aggregate with fully replacement with
natural aggregate.
 Upon cost analysis result it is proved that the marble concrete proves more
economical at rate of around 7.44% than concrete made with conventional
coarse aggregate.
 As marble chips is used in concrete, it reduces use of natural aggregate which
reduces mining to extract natural aggregate, which results in reduced
environmental contamination.
 It reduces the depletion of conventional coarse aggregates from environment
and also enables to produce green concrete.
 Thus, an innovative construction material is produced through this study.
 39

REFERENCES

1. Baboo Rai, Khan Naushad H , Abhishek Kr, Duggal S.K, The effect of using
marble powder and granules as constituents of fines in mortar or concrete
International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering Volume 1, No 4,
2011.
2. Athul Krishna K R, Optimum replacement of marble chips and marble dust as
aggregate in M20 concrete.
3. Debasmita Panda, Dr. (Prof.) P.K. Parhi, Analysis on mix design of high
strength concrete (HSC) using is: 10262-1982 and partial replacement of waste
marble aggregates as coarse aggregate
4. Damor Jigar R , Jadav Jaymin D, Patel Neel M, Solanki Vikas B &
Prof .Dipesh Vaidya, Performance of marble waste as partially replacement of
sand and aggregate in concrete
5. Sudarshan D. Kore, A.K. Vyas, Impact of marble waste as coarse aggregate on
properties of lean cement concrete
6. Bahar Demirel, The Effect of the using Waste Marble as Fine Sand on the
Mechanical Properties of the Concrete ISSN 1992 – 1950 & 2010,
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(9), pp. 1372-1380, 18
August, 2010.