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oHCr[mem,utzGJU0if q&mawmftcsdKUxH csOf;uyfrdonf/
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wynfhawmfrsm; wifjyxm;aompum;ESpf&yft& wynfhawmf rsm;tm; rnfodkYaom
olrsm;jzpfonf[ktvG,fwul xifjrif qHk;jzwfEdkifvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þodkY qHk;jzwf&mü pk'dwujzpfaom wynfhawmfwdkY\ pk'dwu[laom
omrnrsuf E S m ? apm'u jzpf a om wd k i f ; vuf a xmuf o moema&;rS L ;\
wd k i f ; omoema&;rS L ;[l a om t&m&S d r suf E S m ? apm'em&ef ñ T e f M um;aom
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,u tusdK;awmfaqmif t&Sif0PÖoD&d\ EdkifiHawmf
oH C mh r [mem,u tusd K ;aqmif [ l a om us,f 0 ef ; BuD ; rm;vS a omrsuf E S m ?
þrsufESmrsm; aemufodkY t*wdw&m; rvdkufpm;bJ w&m;awmft&Sdtwdkif;
twdtusom qHk;jzwfawmfrlMu&ef apm'emtyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifÓP
ppfuikd ;f
&Sif*kP0EÅ
tEkyg'g,Úfaus;rIausmif;
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
uRef;awmvS&Gm
aygif;wnfNrdKU
NrdKUe,f0dedpä,ppfaq;csufESifY apm'u\aemufqkH;apm'emvTm
&ufpGJ 1980 ck? atmufwdkbmv(8)&uf

trnf - OD;pdk;jrifh
touf - (51)ESpf
rSwfykHwiftrSwf - trf*sDtrf-152032
tbtrnf - OD;'vGm;
arG;zGm;&mZmwd - anmif'dkwd&Gm? jrif;NcHNrdKUe,f
ae&yfvdyfpm - eef;awmf&m&yf? ppfudkif;
xGuq f ckd suf

ar; - rif;uGef;a&TjrifwifawmifrS q&mawmfOD;ÓPESifh 0ufvuf,if;rmawm&GmrS
OD;*kP0EÅwdkYudk tuRrf;w0ifodbl;ygovm;/
ajz - tuRrf;w0if rodbl;ygbk&m;/
ar; - OD;OmPESifh OD;*kP0EÅwdkY\ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmudk
rnfonfhenf;jzifh &&SdcJhygovJ/
ajz - Ed k i f i H a wmf o H C r[mem,utzG J U rS ,if ; avQmuf x m;vT m ud k
wd k i f ; omoema&;rS L ;xH o d k Y 0d e d p ä , zG J U í aqmif & G u f & ef a y;yd k Y ojzif h
&&SdcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
ar; - OD ; OmPES i f h OD ; *k P 0EÅ w d k Y wif x m;aom omoema&; avQmuf x m;
awmif;qdkvTmESifh OD;pdk;jrifhrSm rnfuJhodkY yg0ifywfoufaeygovJ/
ajz - 0denf;"r®uH t"du½kP;f rIcif;rsm; ajz&Si;f qH;k jzwfa&;qdik &f m Oya'tcef;(5)?
yk'fr(13)t& jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&; 0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;tm; Oya'yg
jyXmef ; csuf r sm; xajrmuf a tmif j rif p G m aqmif & G u f E d k i f & ef w m0ef E S i f h
vkyfydkifcGifhrsm; tyfESif;xm;ygojzifh jynfxJa&;ESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme
0efBuD;udk,fpm; aqmif&Guf&aomaMumifh yg0ifywfoufaeygonfbk&m;/
------------------------
&ufpGJ? 1981 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (29)&uf
bGJUtrnf - OD;ÓP
touf - (44) ESpf
odu©m - (24)0g
tbtrnf - OD;jr'if
arG;&mZmwd - a*gif;uGJ&Gm?NrdKifNrdKUe,f
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
ae&yfvdyfpm - rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? a&Tjrifwifawmif? ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f/
xGuq f ckd suf

omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmpmwrf;udkwynfhawmfwdkY
a&;om;wifoGif;onfrSm rSefuefygonf/ &Sif*kP0EÅtwGufudkvnf; wynfhawmfrS
wm0ef,lEdkifygonf/
yxr pk'dwu - OD;ÓP? a&Tjrifwif xGufqdkcsuf/
(1) psmefudkjzpfapEdkifaom ur®Xme"r®wdkYrSm rnfrQ&Sdygoenf;/
- b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwm wynfhawmf wdwdususrajymEdkifyg/
(2) yxrpsmefudkjzpfapEdkifaom ur®Xme"r® w&m;rsm; rnfrQ&Sdygoenf;/
- wdwu d susrajzEkid yf g/ tmemygeESihf arwåmur®|mef; tp&So
d nfavmufom
odygonf/
(3) yxrpsmef\ 0dyÜwde w&m;rsm;udkvnf; ajzMum;ay;yg bk&m;/
- yxrpsmef umrçAsmyg'?0d[o ð 0dwufoHk;yg;udkyg,fygw,fbk&m;/
(4) yxrpsmef\ or®Eém*w w&m;rsm;udkvnf; ajzMum;ay;ygbk&m;/
- yxrpsmef\ jynfhpHk&rnfhw&m;rsm;rSm aeu©r®çtAsmyg'ç t0d[ðo?
0dwufoHk;yg;ESifh jynfhpHk&ygrnf bk&m;/
(5) yxrpsmef\ tm'duvsmPw&m;? raZÑuvsmP?y&da,momeuvsmP
qdkwm b,fw&m;udkac:ygovJ/
- oHk;yg;qdkonfudk rodygbk&m;/
(6) yxrpsmef\ tm'duvsmP vu©PmoH;k yg; raZÑuvsmP vu©PmoH;k yg;?
y&da,mome uvsmPvu©Pm av;yg;udk odygovm;/
- rodygbk&m;/
(7) yxrpsmefrSm jynfhpHk&rnfh? ...(y)...w&m;rsm;udkodygovm;/
- rodygbk&m;/
(8) psmefig;yg;udkjzpfaom (y-'k-w-p-y) ig;yg;vHk;&&Sdygovm;/
- &Sdygonfbk&m;/
(9) wynfhawmf &SifÓPonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\wynfhoHCmawmfrsm;
tqufquf\ twdkif;rodaom y#da0"aus;Zl;udk qnf;yl;&&SdNyD;ol
jzpfygonf bk&m;[lí avQmufcJhonfrSm rnfonfhr*¾rsm;udk &nf&G,fNyD;
a&;om;xm;ygovJ/
- t&[wår*fudk&&Sdí £if;r*¾ukd &nf&G,fNyD; a&;om; avQmufxm;jcif;
jzpfygonf/
(10) psmefig;yg;&onf[kqdk&mü rnfonfhuodkPf; ponfudk tajccHí &&Sdyg
oenf;/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
- ½lypsmefukd tmemygerS tajccHí &&Syd gonf/ t½lypsmefukd pdwt f jzpftysuf
udkMunfhí &&SdcJhygonf/
(11) r*fav;yg;udk &&Sd&mwGif tb,fvu©Pmudk tajccHí &&SdcJhygoenf;/
tedpv ö u©Pmudk tajccHí &ygovm;/
- yxrr*fudk&pOfu rnfonfhvu©Pmudk tajccHí&onf[k rodyg/
usef a omr*f o H k ; yg;ud k &&S d o nf h t cg ted p ö a &m?'k u © a &m?tewå a &m
vu©PmoHk;yg;vHk;udk taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm yGm;rsm;,if;u &&SdcJhygonf/
vu©PmoHk;yg;\ teufuvnf; wyfwl[k ,lqygonfbk&m;/
(obm00wåtm;jzifh wlnDonf[k qdkvdkygonfbk&m;/)
(12) psmefw&m;udk rnfonfhckESpfavmufu &cJhygovJ/
- (1327) ckESpf? 0gacgifvavmufu &cJhygonf/ &ufudkawmh rrSwfrdyg/
(13) t&Sifbk&m; psmef&pOfu rnfonfhtcsdefrSm &cJhygovJ/ eHeuftcsdefvm;?
aeYcif;tcsdefvm;? nydkif;tcsdefvm;/
- ½lypsmefukd &onft h csdeu
f rkd rSwrf yd g/ t½lypsmef&onfh tcsdeu f kd n(8)em&D
tcsdefavmuf &&SdcJhygonf/
(14) r*fav;yg;udk b,ffckavmufu &&SdcJhygovJ/
- yxrr*fudk (1330)ckESpfavmufrSm &cJhygonf/ 'kwd,ESifhwwd,r*fudk
(1979)ck awmfovif;v---&uf n(8)em&DavmufrSm &&Sdygonf/
pwkw¬r*fudk (1981)ckESpfqef;ydkif;avmufu &&SdcJhygonf/
(15) psmefw&m;udk &pOfu rnfonfhae&mXmerSm &&SdcJhygovJ/
- psmefig;yg;vHk;udk oDwif;oHk;&mausmif;rSmyif &cJhygonf/
(16) r*fav;yg;udk b,fae&mXmerSm &cJhygovJ/
- yxrr*fukd rif;uGe;f pHawmfral wmifrS wynfah wmf\ ur®Xmef;ausmif;rSmyif
&&SdcJhygonf/ usefr*f(3)yg;udk wynfhawmfaexdkif&m a&Tjrifwifawmif
ausmif;rSmyif &&SdcJhygonf/
(17) r*fav;yg;wGif rnfonfhr*fu rnfonfhudavomudk ywfoufcJhygoenf;/
- yxrr*fu aemufb0jzpf rjzpftawG;tac:wdkYudky,fowfcJhygonf/
wwd,ESifhwwd,r*f wPSm&m* Asmyg'wdkYudk y,fowfcJhygonf/
pwkw¬r*fu aqmif;<uaewJh rmeudavomudk y,fowfcJhygonf/
(18) t&Sifbk&m; rnfonfhw&m;rsm;udk &NyD;jzpfygovJ/
- psmefw&m;ig;yg;ESifh r*fw&m;(4)yg;vHk; &&SdNyD;jzpfygonf/
(19) wynfhawmfrsm;\ b0avQmufxm;csufonf t"drme avQmufxm;csufESifh
cGJjcm;r& jzpfp&m &Sdygonf [l&mü rnfolYtwGuf cGJjcm;r&Edkifp&mygvJ?
tjcm;olrsm; r&p&mygvm;/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
- oH C r[mem,ursm; taejzif h cG J j cm;r&p&m jzpf E d k i f o nf [ k
avQmufxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
trnf - OD;*kP0EÅ
touf - touf(38)?
odu©mawmf - (18)0g
tb - OD;bwl?
arG;&mZmwd - jrif;rlNrdKUe,f? *½k&Gm? ppfudkif;wdkif;?
ae&yfvdyfpm - uRef;awmvS&Gm? aygif;wnfNrdKUe,f? yJcl;wdkif;
xGuqf ckd suf

(1) omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm t&oHCr[mem,utzGJUodkY
wifpOftcgu t&Sifbk&m;udk,fwdkifoGm;í oGif;wm[kwfygovm;/
- oHCr[mem,uq&mawmf OD;a&0wxH wynfhawmfudk,fwdkif wifcJhwm
rSefygonf/
(2) t&Sifbk&m; awmtwGif;ü arwåmbm0em w&m;awmfrsm;udkomyGm;rsm;í
(7)ESpfrQtcsdefudk ukefvGefapcJhygonf [lí¤if;? wynfhawmf &Sif*kP0EÅonf
avmuDpsmeftbdnmOfrsm;jzifh vGwfvyfpGm aysmfyg;NyD;aecJhygonf[k¤if;
a&;om; avQmufxm;&mü - psmefESifh,SOfaom arwåmbm0emygvm;?
psmefESifhr,SOfaom arwåmbm0em ygvm;?
- &HcgpsmefESifh,SOfaom arwåmbm0emjzpfí &HcgpsmefESifhr,SOfaom
arwåmbm0em jzpfygonf/
(3) psmefudkjzpfapEdkifwJh ur®|mef;w&m;rsm;udk odygovm;/
- wynfah wmfymG ;rsm;wJh jA[®0[d m&w&m;(4)yg;vH;k psmefukd jzpfapEdik yf gonf/
(4) yxrpsmefudk jzpfapEdkifwJh ur®|mef;"r®rsm;udk odygovm;/
- wynfhawmf rrSwfrdyg/
(5) yxrpsmefudk y,ftyfwJh 0dyÜ[Dew&m;rsm;udk odygovm;/
- a'goESifhudavom umrpdwfrsm;udk y,fygonf/
(6) yxrpsmef\ jynfhpHk&rnfh orE´m *ww&m;rsm;udk odygovm;/
-rrSwfrdyg/ rcGJjcm;wwfyg/
(7) yxrpsmef\ tm'duvsmPw&m;udk odygovm;/
- a'gouif;pifjcif;? umrudavomrsm; uif;pifjcif;udk tm'duvsmP
jzpfygw,f bk&m;/
(8) arZÑuvsmp w&m;rsm;udkodygovm;/
- xdkw&m;rsm; ydkíuif;pifcdkifNrJoGm;wmudk qdkvdkygonf/
(9) y&da,momeuvsmP w&m;rsm;udka&m odygovm;/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
- xdkw&m;rsm; ydkNyD;uif;pifrIcdkifNrJoGm;jcif;udk y&da,momeuvsmP
w&m;[kqdkvdkygonf/
(10) tm'duvsmP vu©PmoH;k yg;? raZÑuvsmP vu©Pm oH;k yg; y&da,mome
vu©Pmav;yg; wdkYudk odygovm;/
- ¤if;vu©PmwdkYudk rodyg/
(11) yxrpsmef\ 'ovu©PmorÁE¨w&m;rsm;udk odygovm;/
- rodyg/
(12) psmef&onfqdk&mü rnfonfhpsmefrsm;udk &&Sdygoenf;/
- ig;yg;vHk;udk &&Sdygonf/
(13) wynfhawmf *kP0EÅonf ouúm,'dXd 0dpdudpäm oDvAÁw? y&mrmo
oHk;0aomoHa,mZOfrsm;udk y,f&Sm;NyD;jcif;wnf;[laom y#da0"aus;Zl;udk
qnf;yl;&&SdNyD;ol jzpfygonfbk&m; [k a&;om;avQmufxm;ygonf/ xdkodkY
avQmufxm;&mwGif rnfonfhr*fudk&onf[k qdkvdkygoenf;/
- aomwmywådr*fudk &onf[k qdkvdkygonf/
(14) psmefw&m;udk tm;xkwfpOfu rnfonfhw&m;udk tajccHí&&SdcJhygovJ/
- arwåmw&m;udk tajccHí psmef&&SdcJhygonf/
(15) aomwmywådr*fudk b,fw&m;udktajccHNyD; &&SdcJhygovJ/
- aomwmywådr*fudk &&mü t&m0w¬Ktm;vHk;udk tedp½ö Ií &&SdcJhygonf/
(16) ocFg&qdkwm rnfonfht&mudk qdkvdkygovJ/
- t0d Z Æ m t&if ; cH í jyKtyf a om um,uH ? 0pD u H ? raemuH rsm;ud k
ocFg&[kac:ygonf/ (uH pdwf Owk t[m&wdkYaMumifhjzpfaom w&m;wdkYudk
ocFg&[k rac:yg/)
(17) psmefw&m;udk rnfonfhckESpfavmufu &cJhygovJ/
- (17)ESpfom;avmufu &vdkufaysmufvdkuf jzpfcJhygonf/
(18) tcsdefESifhESpfrsm; rSwfrdygovm;/
- rrSwfrdyg/
(19) r*fw&m;udk rnfonfhESpfavmufu &cJhygovJ/
- 1337ckESpf? awmfovif;veHeuf 4em&DcefYavmufu &cJhygonf/ &ufudk
rrSwfrdyg/
(20) psmefw&m;udk rnfonfhae&mwGif &cJhygovJ/
- awmausmif;rSm (17)ESpfom;avmufu&cJhí Xmeudk rrSwfrdyg/
(21) r*fw&m;udk rnfonfhae&mwGif &cJhygovJ/
- rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd "r®om&wdu k w f iG af epOf ausmif;av;ay:wGif &cJyh gonf/
(22) psmefw&m;jzifh rnfonfhudavomudk y,f&rnfenf;/
- a'goESifh umrudavomudk y,f&rnfjzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
(23) aomwywådr*fu rnfonfhudavomrsm;udk y,fowfygoenf;/
- 'd|d? 0dpdudpäm? oDvAÁwy&mrmo oHk;yg;udk y,fowf&rnf jzpfygonf/
pk'dwu ESpfyg;aygif;xGufqdkcsuf
ar; - ighoQif OD;ÓP? oif\ avQmufxm;pmvTmrsm;t& oifonf psmevmbD?

tud p ö v mbD ? tuod & vmbD yk * ¾ d K vf t jzpf xif & S m ;aeygonf /
¤if;psmefw&m;rsm;udk avhvmNyD; ajrvQdK;rdk;ysH paom udprö sm;udk toHk;jyKí
aecJhzl;ygovm;/
ajz - psmeft*Fgrsm;udo k moH;k oyfNyD; aecJzh ;l ygonf/ ajrvQdK; rd;k ysH paomudprö sm;udk
toHk;rjyKEdkifcJhyg/
ar; - ighoQif OD;*kP0EÅ tbdnmÚf&onfqdk&mü wpHkw&m xl;axGaomtrIudpu ö dk
zefqif;jyEdkifygovm;/
ajz - zefqif;íjyEdkifygonf/
ar; - onfvdkqdkvQif ,cky&dowfjrifEdkifatmif a&SUarSmufwGifzefqif;jyyg/
ajz - y&dowfjrifEdkifatmif zefqif;rjyEdkifyg/ rdrdpdwfxJrSmom zefqif;í
jyEdkifygonf/
ar; - OD;pdk;jrifh avQmufxm;&ef&Sdygao;ovm;/
ajz - r&Sdyg/
--------------------
aemufqHk;apm'emvTm
ppfuikd ;f NrdKUe,f? oHC0depd , ä tzGUJ trSw(f 1)odYk wifoiG ;f aom aemufq;kH apm'emvTmyg
bk&m;
(1) ½dkaoav;pm; OD;ñTwfxm;vQuf avQmufxm;tyfygonf/ ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f
0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1) tzGJU0if0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfrsm; bk&m;/
(2) wynfah wmfonf ppfuikd ;f NrdKUe,f rif;uGe;f awmif½;kd a&Tjrifwifawmif &SiÓ f PESihf
0ufvufNrdKUe,f? ,if;rmawm&Gm tEkyg'g,Ofaus;rIausmif; &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\
omoema&; avQmufxm;vTmwGifyg&Sdaom ]&SifÓPonf &[EÅm[k0efcHjcif;?
&Sif*kP0EÅonfvnf; aomwmyef[k0efcHxm;onfhtjyif bk&m;qkyef[kvnf;
qdkxm;jcif;wdkYudk tajccHNyD; pwkwåyg&mZdu tmywfoifhroifh qHk;jzwfcsrSwf
ay;awmfrl&ef rlvapm'emvTm wifoGif;cJhygonfbk&m;/
(3) ,if;yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf tu,fí ¤if;wdkY0efcHxm;csufESifhtnD trSef&[EÅmESifh
aomwmyefrsm; jzpfcMhJ uygtH/h ¤if;wdYk wifoiG ;f cJah om omoema&;avQmufvmT wGi.f ..
(u) tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k y,fcJhjcif;/
(c) yd#uwfaqmifyk*d¾KvfwdkYtm; ½Iwfcsjcif;/
(*) 0dok'¨dr*fudk y,fjcif;ESifh
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
(C) rdvEd y´ nmusr;f udk y,fjcif; ponfh tjypfruif;aomtrIwYkdukd jyKvky0f YHMurnf
r[kwfEdkifaMumif; avQmufxm;ygonfbk&m;/
(4) &SifÓPtm; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u r*fav;yg;wGif rnfonfhudavomudk
y,fcJhygoenf;[k ar;jref;&m yxrr*fu aemufb0jzpfçrjzpf tawG;tac:wdkYudk
y,fowfcJhygonf[k Mum;cJhonfrSm uarmufur EdkifvGef;vSygonfbk&m;/
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtm;vnf; 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u ocFg&qdkwm rnfonfht&mudk
qdkvdkygovJ ar;&m t0dZÆmt&if;cHí jyKtyfaom um,uH 0pDuH raemuHrsm;udk
ocFg& [kac:ygonf/ uHçpdwfçOwk tm[m&aMumifh jzpfay:aom ocFg&udk ocFg&[k
rac:yg[k ajzMum;jcif;rSmvnf; obm0w&m;udk qefYusifaeaMumif; avQmufxm;
vdkygonfbk&m;/
(5) pk'wd u &SiÓf PESihf &Si*f P
k 0EÅwYkdonf trSepf ifppf psmef& &[EÅm psmeftbdnmOf&
aomwmyefrsm; r[kwfbJ ygydpä£päm ruwrsm; zHk;vTrf;vsuf psmef&&[EÅmESifh
psmeftbdnmOf& aomwmyef[k0efcHaeMujcif;onf t"drme r[kwfMuojzifh pwkw¬
yg&mZdu tmywfoifha&mufaeygonf bk&m;/ odkYygí pk'dwu(1) OD;ÓPESifh
pk'dwu(2) &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtm; pwkwåyg&mZdutmywfjzifh qHk;jzwftrdefYw&yf
csrSwfay;awmfrlyg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;/
----------
«trSm/ ppfudkif;NrdKUe,fESifh wdkif;0dedpä, oHk;oyfcsufrsm;udk trIwGJul;ol\
ul;pmudk ul;,ljcif;jzpfí trIwGJul;oluvnf; ygVdruRrf;usifoljzpfí
þoHk;oyfcsufrsm;üygaom ygVdrsm; tvGJtrSm;jzpfEdkifygonf/ onf;cHí
zwfapvdkygonf/ trSeftwdtusodvdkygvQif usrf;ñTef;ygtwdkif; &Smí zwfyg/»
NrdKUe,f0dedpä,okH;oyfcsufESifY qkH;jzwfcsuf
tmoDoed'gef;
pd&H wd|wk o'ärm to'ärm 0deówk/
o'¨ a r® m =y&d , wf + y#d y wf + y#d a 0"[k qd k t yf a om o'¨ r ® o H k ; yg; bk & m;&S i f
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom jrufxufjrwfjim; olawmfaumif; w&m;awmfonf/
pd&H=ESpfaygif;rsm;ajrmif ig;axmif&SnfpGm ESpfrSmMumatmif? wd|wk=r,drf;r,dkif
ausmufpmwdkifodkY cdkifcdkifrwfrwf wnfwHYoefY&Sif; jyefYyGm;jcif;jzifh rvifhyHkao
xGef;awmufpnfum; Edkifygapownf;/
to'¨ a r® m ="r® o H k ; &yf w&m;jrwf E S i f h eD ; pyf u yf a jrmif ol a wmf a ,mif j zif h
[efaqmifvSnfhjzm; trSm;rSm;[k w&m;r[kwf vlÓPfEkwfwdkY [kwfvdrfhEdk;Edk;
0dk;wdk;0g;wm; rrSefuefaom rolawmfw&m;onf? 0deówk=aea&mifjcnfatmuf
qD;ESif;aygufodkY aoGUajcmufrMum vGifhaysmufysufygapownf;/
y#dnmÚf
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
ep tmrdoH edóm,? ep edóm, yk*v ¾ H/
e abmZaw 0d0aZÆwGg? ,xm"arm wxm ua&/ (y&d0gygVdawmf-284)
ypön;f vmb? &if;&mZESihf yk*v ¾ rsuEf mS r½IygbJ MuOfa&Smif vTí J usiNhf rJ"r® &SMd uwdik ;f om
qHk;jzwf&m\ [lívmaom 0de,"&yk*d¾Kvfrsm; MuOfa&SmifMu&rnfh tcsufESpf&yfudk
owduyf a&SmifMuÚfí¤if;/
ygVdt|uxmaÚ0? om"dyÜg, raooawm?
Mo*,S tyÜrawåe u&wåda,m 0dedpäa,m
(yg&mZduu@tXuxm-y-345)
ygVdt|uxmusrf;vmpum; rvGwfjim;bJ? w&m;rarh olawmfavhjzifh oHk;oyfíom
qHk;jzwf&m\ [lívmaom 0ded,"&yk*dK¾ vfrsm; usifhoHk;vdkufem&rnfh tcsufOya"
wdkYudk¤if; ½dkaoav;pm;OD;xdyfrSmxm;vsuf ppfudkif;NrdKU NrdKUe,f0dedpä, trSwf(1)
tzGJU0if 0de,"&jzpfMuukefaom wynfhawmfwdkYonf txufyg ygVdawmf
t|uxmwd k Y ü vmaom Mo0g'awmf r sm;twd k i f ; ES p f z uf a om apm'u?
pk ' d w uwd k Y \ tvd k u f rsuf E S m od k Y r vd k u f y gbJ ,xm"r® useaocsmpG m jzif h
þtEk0g'gt"du½kPf;rIudk apYiSzefcgrSefuefpGm ½IjrifoHk;oyfí tqHk;tjzwfudk
jyKMuukeftHh ownf;/
þum; y#dnmOfpum;&yfwnf;/
trIcif;jzpfyGm;yHk tusÚf;
apm'u OD;pdk;jrifh? wdkif;vufaxmuf omoema&;OD;pD;rSL;/
pk'dwu(1) OD;ÓP? rif;uGef;awmif½dk; a&Tjrifwifawmif?ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f^wdkif;/
pk'wdu(2) OD;*kP0EÅ? tEkyg'g,Úfaus;rIausmif;? ,if;rmawm&Gm? 0ufvufNrdKUe,f?
ppfudkif;wdkif;wdkYtm;- ¤if;wdkYESpfyg;yl;wGJvQuf &efukefNrdKU? EdkifiHawmf oHCr[m
em,utzG J U od k Y wif y d k Y avQmuf x m;aom omoemawmf a &; avQmuf x m;
awmif;qdv k mT ESihf pyfvsO;f í? apm'u-wdik ;f vufaxmuf omoema&;OD;pD;rSL; OD;pd;k jrifh
ppfudkif;NrdKUu ¤if;wdkYESpfyg;tm; pwkwåyg&mZdu tmywfoifh^roifh pdppfoHk;oyf
qHk;jzwfay;awmf rlMuyg&ef ppfudkif;NrdKU? NrdKUe,foHC0dedpä,tzGJU trSwf(1)
0de,"&tzGUJ q&mawmfrsm;rsm;xHoYkd pGq J akd vQmufxm;csut f & þtEkyg'g "du½kP;f rS
jzpfyGm;ay:ayguf 0dedpä,XmeodkY a&muf&SdcJhaomrIcif;udpjö zpfygonf/
trItcif;ysHUESHUí a&muf&SdvmyHk
pk'dwu(1) OD;ÓPESifh pk'dwu(2) OD;*kP0EÅwdkYonf ESpfOD;oabmwl a&;om;í
pmrsufEmS aygif; (38)rsufEmS yg&Sad om omoema&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdv
k mT rlBuD;udk
c&pfESpf-(22-4-1981) jrefrmouú&mZf 1343 ck OD;wefcl;vqkwf(3)&ufaeYu
&efukefNrdKU EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU q&mawmfrsm;xHodkY pk'dwu(2)
OD;*kP0EÅukd,fwdkif txufygaeY&ufu oGm;a&muf qufuyfcJhaMumif; OD;*kP0EÅ\
xGufqdkcsuft& od&Sd&ygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
xdk omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmpmrlBuD;udk &efukefNrdKU?
Ed k i f i H a wmf oH C r[mem,utzG J U rS q&mawmf r sm;u oH k ; oyf a vh v m
Munfh½IawmfrlMuNyD; ppfudkif;wdkif;? ppfudkif;NrdKU omoema&;OD;pD;rSL;xHodkY vdktyfovdk
ta&;,laqmif&GufEdkif&ef jyefvnfay;ydkYcJhojzifh ppfudkif;NrdKU wdkif;omoema&;
vufaxmufOD;pD;rSL; OD;pdk;jrifhu wm0eft& ¤if;omomemawmfa&; avQmufxm;
awmif;qdkvTmESifh "r®ylZmbk&m;&Sdcdk;pmtkyfwGifygaom ta&;BuD;aom tcsuftvuf
rsm;udk xkwfEIwfazmfjyí apm'ujyKvkyfNyD;vQif ppfudkif;wdkif;? ppfudkif;NrdKU?
NrdKUe,foHC0dedpä,tzGJU trSwf(1) 0de,"& tzGJU0if q&mawmfrsm;xHodkY OD;ÓPESifh
OD ; *k P 0EÅ w d k Y tm; pwk w ¬ y g&mZd u tmywf o if h ç roif h qH k ; jzwf a y;yg&ef
pGJqdka&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfygonf/ þum; &efukefNrdKUrS ppfudkif;NrdKUodkY trIysHUESHU
a&muf&SdvmyHkjzpfygonf/
&SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ BuHpnf,ltyfaom b0tjrif ESifh avmutjrif
t,l0g'ESpfyg;udk trSm;trSef pDppfa0zefcsuf/
(u) a&SUaemuf b0jzpf-rjzpf[laom b0tjrifw&yf/
( c) ½kyfemrf avmuNrJ-rNrJ[laom avmutjrifw&yf/
þtjrifEpS &f yftay:rlwnfí ¤if;wdYkEpS yf g;\ omoema&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdv k mT
pmrsufESm (13)ü a&;om;cJhMuonfrSm...
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ b0tjrif-avmutjrifrsm;onfvnf; wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfí
r&Ed k i f a tmif jzpf a ecJ h M uygonf / wynf h a wmf w d k Y onf avmuud k j rif & mü
avmuudkrNrJ[k rSwfom;cJhMuygonf/
(u) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmuudk rNrJ[k r,laMumif; a[mMum;cJhygonf/
NrJ[k ,loavm qdkaomtcgüvnf;
(c) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf avmuudkNrJonf[k r,laMumif; a[mMum;cJhygonf/
xd k Y j yif v nf ; wynf h a wmf w d k Y o nf owå 0 gaoNyD ; aemuf jzpf r nf [ k
,lqaomfvnf;...
(*) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfrnf[k r,laMumif; a[mMum;
cJhygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYtjrifü w&m;NyD;qHk;olrsm; aoNyD;aemuf edAÁmefa&mufrnf
bmrQrjzpfawmh[k ,lqaomfvnf;...
(C) jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r,laMumif; a[mMum;cJhygonf/
xdkYaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkY\ avmutjrifESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\avmutjrif
rwlyg/ wynfhawmfwdkY\b0tjrifESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ b0tjrifvnf; rwlyg/
þodYk jrwfpmG bk&m;ESirhf wl uGjJ ym;aejcif;onf roifjh rwf[w k ynfah wmfwYkdxifygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh wynfhawmfrsm; þrQtjrifuGJjym;aeaomaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum; csufrsm;udk wynfhawmfrsm; em;vnfEdkifavmufaom tajctae
r&SdjzpfaMumif; oabmaygufrSwf,l&ygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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xdYkaMumifh þtjrifumG [csuf azsmufzsuEf ikd &f ef wynfah wmfwYkd OD;wnfvu kd &f ygonf/
xd k Y aMumif h jrwf p G m bk & m;uJ h o d k Y avmuBuD ; NrJ v nf ; r,l ? rNrJ v nf ; r,l
owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfonfvnf;r,l? rjzpfonfvnf;r,l [laomtjrifjzpf&ef
oHk;oyf&ygonf [lí¤if;/
(u) wynfhawmfwdkYonf aoNyD;aemufjzpfonf/
(c) w&m;qHk;ol aoNyD;aemufrl rjzpf/
(*) ½kyfemrfcE¨mavmuonf rNrJ/
(C) edAÁmefom NrJonf/ þodkY jrifaecJhMuygonf/
þtjrifudk azsmufEdkif&efjzpfygonf/ [lí¤if; a&;om;cJhMuygonf/
rSwcf su/f / þazmfjyyg &SiÓ f P-&Si*f P k 0EÅwYkd\ avQmufxm;vTmü a&;om;csut f &
£if;wdkYESpfyg;onf Ak'¨\t,l0g'rSrdpäm0g'odkY ajymif;vJatmif a&muf&SdoGm;MuyHkudk
¤if;wdYk ud,
k w f ikd yf if a&;om;xm;Muayonf/ txufyg(u-c-*-C) wdYkrmS Ak'0¨ g'ESihf
avQmfaompum;wdkYom jzpfygonf/ ]þtjrifudk azsmufEdkif&ef} [laompum;
Ak'¨\t,l0g'udk zsufqD;rIwfvTifh y,fazsmufjymcsypf&ef[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/
tus,f&Sif;vif;csufudk qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
xdkYjyif &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf ¤if;wdkY\ rdpäm'óe tjrifrsm;udk
trSew f &m;rsm;[k pGv J rf;rSwxf ifum Ak'\ ¨ yd#uwfawmfvm avmuESiphf yfqikd af om
pum;? b0ESifhpyfqdkifaompum;wdkYudk ¤if;wdkY\t,ltqESifh udkufnDap&ef
Ak'b¨ &k m;&Si\
f yd#uwfawmfrS tjrifrmS ;ESpyf g;udk z,f&mS ;ay;yg&ef &efuek Nf rdKU Edik if aH wmf
oHCr[mem,u q&mawmfrsm;xH pma&;í avQmufxm;cJhMuonfrSm avQmufxm;
awmif;qdkvTmpmrsufESm (21)ü omoemawmf twGuf ta&;BuD;wumwdkYxuf
ta&;BuD;qHk;jzpfaom ,aeYomoemawmfwGif;rS trSm;ESpf&yfudk oHk;oyf z,f&Sm;
ay;awmfrlMuygbk&m;? z,f&Sm;rIjyK&rnfh trSm;ESpf&yfrSm ,aeYomoemawmfwGif;ü
wnf&Sdaeaom...
(u) b0tjrifrSm;ESifh
(c) avmutjrifrSm; ESpfyg;jzpfygonfbk&m;/
(u) b0tjrifrSm;rSm aoNyD;aemufjzpfESifhrjzpf tjrifrsm;jzpfygonf/

(c) avmutjrifrSm;rSm ½kyfemrfavmuBuD; NrJESifhrNrJ tjrifrsm;jzpfygonf/
þavmutjrifrSm;ESifh b0tjrifrSm;rsm;onfwynfhawmfwdkY omoemawmf
twGif;ü rif;rljc,fvS,faeMuygonf/ þtrSm; ESpfyg;onf wynfhawmfwdkY
omoemawmf\ tESpfom&udk vHk;0OóHk&Smr&atmif jymcsrIwfvTifhaeaom
trSm;ESpfyg;jzpfMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh omoemawmftwGuf tjcm; ta&;BuD;
wumwdkYxuf qxufvGefMuL; txl;ta&;BuD; þtrSm;ESpf&yfudk a&S;OD;pGm oHk; oyf
z,f&Sm; ay;awmfrlMuyg&ef ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/
þodkY &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY avQmufxm;wifjycJhMuayonf/
rSwfcsuf/ / &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;
awmif;qdkvTmonf &efukefNrdKU EdkifiHawmf oHCr[m em,utzGJUrS ppfudkif;wdkif;odkY
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
jyefvnfvTJtyfvdkuf ojzifh ppfudkif;NrdKU? NrdKUe,f0dedpä, trSwf(1)tzGJUrS wm0eft&
pdppfq;kH jzwf&rnfjzpfí &SiOf mPESi&hf iS *f P k 0EÅwYkd\ avQmufvmT yg rdpmä t,l0g'wdYk ukd
ygVdawmf tXuxmwdkYjzifh aocsmpGm wdkufqdkifn§dEdIif;í pdppfoHk;oyf xif&Sm;pGm
a0zefjyqdkygrnf/
oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVdawmf-ayg|yg'okwft& wdwådwdkY\ t,l0g'(10)rsdK;wdkYrSm
atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
1/ oóawm avmuaum=½kyfemrfavmuNrJ[k ,ljcif;/
2/ toóawmavmaum=½kyfemrfavmuonf rNrJ[k,ljcif;/
3/ tEÅ0gavmaum=avmuonf tqHk;&Sd\[k ,ljcif;/
4/ teEÅ0gavmaum=avmuonf tqHk;r&Sd[k,ljcif;/
5/ wHZD0H wHo&D&H=xdkZD0onf xdko&d&rnf\[k ,ljcif;/
6/ tnHZD0H tnHo&D&H=ZD0onf wjcm;? o&D&onf wjcm;[k ,ljcif;/
7/ a[mwd wxm*awm y&Hr&P = owå0gaoNyD; aemufjzpf\[k ,ljcif;/
8/ eawmwd wwm*awm y&Hr&Pm = owå0gaoNyD; aemuf rjzpfawmh[k,ljcif;/
9/ a[mwdp ep a[mwdwwm*awm y&Hr&Pm= owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfonf
vnf;&Sd\/ rjzpfonfvnf;&Sd\[k,ljcif;/
10/ae0a[mwdee a[mwdwxm*awm y&Hr&P= owå0gaoNyD;aemuf
jzpfonfvnf;r[kwf? rjzpfonfvnf; r[kwf[k,ljcif;/
þodkY wdwådwdkY\ t,l0g'(10)rsdK;jzpfygonf/ &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY
xlaxmifMuaom wdwåd,0g'opfrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
oDvu©E¨0*¾ygVdawmf ayg|yg'okwfwGif...
ayg|yg'y&AdkZfar;- bk&m;&SiftajzESifh &SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ rSm;,Gif;aom
,lqcsufrsm;/
y&AdkZfar;/ uðye baEÅ oóawmavmaum? t&Sifbk&m;- ½kyfemrfavmuonf
NrJygovm;/
Ak'äjz/ tAsmuwH acg{wH aygXyg' r[moóawm avmaum/ ayg|yg’ y&dAdkZf-
½kyfemrfavmuonfNrJ\-þpum;udk igbk&m;ra[mMum;tyf/ (0g) tajzray;/
bk & m;&S i f \ tvd k r S m avmuNrJ o vm;[l a om pum;rS m wd w ¬ d w d k Y \ 0g'
pum;jzpfaomaMumifh tusdK;pD;yGm;r&Sdojzifh rajzMum;jcif;jzpfygonf/ þodkY
rajzbJxm;jcif;rSm tajzav;yg;wdkYwGif |yeD,Asmu&Pajzqdkjcif; rnfygonf/
&S i f Ó P? &S i f * k P 0EÅ w d k Y tvd k jrwf p G m bk & m;u ½k y f e mrf avmu
NrJ\[laompum;udk ra[mjcif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;tvdk ½kyfemrfavmuNrJ\[k
r,ljcif;aMumifhomjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfusjzpfatmif
avmuBuD;NrJ[k r,l&[lícGJjcm;oHk;oyfNyD;vQif...
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
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"r®0[
wdwåd0g' (10)rsdK;rS oóawm avmaum[laom yxr0g'ESifh,SOfí ]avmuBuD;
NrJ v nf ; r,l & }[k rS m ;,G i f ; aom yxr t,l 0 g' wpd w f u d k wnf a xmif í
cGJ,lxm;Muygonf/
y&AdkZfar;/ uðyebaEÅóawm avmuaum? t&Sifbk&m; avmuBuD;rNrJygoavm/
Ak'äjz/ {wrÜdacg ayg|yg' r,mtAsmuwHtoóawmavmaum/
ayg|yg'y&dAdkZf twåawm[laom avmuonfrNrJ/ þpum;udkvnf; igbk&m; r
a[mMum;tyf (0g) tajzray;/ bk & m;&S i f \ tvd k r S m wd w å d , 0g' jzpf í
tusd K ;rrsm;aomaMumif h rajzMum;bJ a ejcif ; om jzpf y gonf / &S i f Ó P?
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\tvdk jrwfpGmbk&m;u avmuBuD;rNrJ[laompum;udk ra[mjcif;rSm
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkt& avmuBuD;rNrJ[kr,ljcif;aMumifhom jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tvdu k sjzpfatmif ]avmuBuD; rNrJ[rk ,l&}[lí cG, J l oH;k oyfNyD;vQif
wdw, då 0g'(10)rsKd ;rS toóawmavmuaum [laom 'kw, d wdw, då 0g'ESi,
hf OS u
f m
avuBuD;rNrJvnf; r,l&[laom 'kwd,rSm;,Gif;aom 0g'wpdwfudk xlaxmif
Muygonf/
þuJhodkY...
(u) ykpämjzifh ½kyfemrfavmu NrJ[kvnf;r,l&[k¤if;
(c) ykpämjzifh ½kyfemrfavmu rNrJ[kvnf;r,l&[k¤if;
yxrwdwåd,0g'opfwpfpHkudk xlaxmifcJhMujcif; jzpfygonf/
þwdwåd,0g'opfjzpfaom (avmuBuD;NrJvnf;r,l&? rNrJvnf;r,l&)[laom
&SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ t,l0g'tm;jzifh tu,fí avmuBuD;NrJ[k,lvQif
ed,wrdpäm'dXd jzpfowJh/ avmuBuD;rNrJ[k,lvQifvnf; ed,wrdpäm'dXdyif jzpfowJh/
0de,"&oHk;oyfcsuf
þ &SifÓP &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ yXrrdpäm0g’onf Ak'¨\ 0g'awmfESifh ¤if;ygVdawmf
t|uxm paom yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh¤if;? vHk;0yif rudkufnDyg/ xdkodkY rdrdwdkYESpfyg;
,lqxm;aom avmutjrifrSm;[laom wdwåd,0g'ESifh yd#uwfawmfrSm&Sdaom
Ak'¨0g'ESifh rnDrñGwf&SdvmaomaMumifh yd#uwfoHk;yHk ygVdt|uxmwdkYonf
trSm;awGcsnf;om jzpfonf[lí¤if; rdrdwdkY\ t,l0g'ESifh nDñGwfatmif
Ak ' ¨ 0 g'yd # uwf a wmf r sm;ud k jyif q if o wf r S w f & rnf [l í ¤if ; ,l q Muonf
yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfMuygonf/
(*) owå0gaoNyD;aemufjzpf rjzpf[laom 'kwd,wdwåd,0g'jzpfyHk/
y&AdkZfar;/ uðyebaEÅ a[mwdwxm*awm y&Hr&P/
t&Sifbk&m;onf owå0gaoNyD;aemufü jzpfygao;ovm;/
Ak'äjz/ {wrÜdacg ayg|yg' r,m tAsmuwH a[mwd wxm*awm y&Hr&P/
ayg|yg'-owå0gaoNyD;aemufüjzpf\[laom þpum;t& igbk&m; rajzMum;tyf
(0g) tajzray;/ þüvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;u |yed, Asmu&P0doZÆmemjzifh ajz
Mum;awmfrljcif; jzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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&SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtvdk/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u owå0g aoNyD;aemufjzpf\[laom
pum;udk ra[mjcif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmft& owå0gaoNyD;aemufjzpf\[k
r,ljcif;aMumifhomjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfusjzpfatmif
owå 0 gaoNyD ; aemuf jzpf \ [k v nf ; r,l & [l í rS m ;,G i f ; pG m ,l q NyD ; vQif
wdwåd,0g'(10)rsdK;wGif owår0g'ESifh,SOfí owå0gaoNyD;aemufjzpf\[k
r,l&[laom wwd,rdpäm0g' wpdwfudk &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYESpfyg;u
xlaxmifvmMuygonf/
(C) aygXyg'ar;/ uðyebaEÅe a[mwd wxm*awm y&Hr&P?
t&Sifbk&m;-owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpfawmhyg oavm/
Ak'äjz/ / {wrÜd acg ayg|yg’ r,m tAsmuwH e a[mwdwxm*awm y&r&P/
ayg|yg'y&dAdkZf -owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpfawmh[laom þpum;udkvnf; igbk&m;
ra[mMum;tyf (0g) tajzray;vdk/
þüvnf; |yeD,Asmu&Pjzifhyif ajzawmfrlygonf/
&SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtvdk jrwfpGmbk&m;u owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpf[laom
pum;t& ra[mMum;jcif;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif tvdak wmft& owå0g aoNyD;aemuf
rjzpf[k r,ljcif;yif jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tvdkawmfusjzpfatmif
]owå0gaoNyD;aemufü rjzpf[kvnf;r,l&-[lí rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqNyD;vQif wdwåd,
0g'(10)rsKd ;wGif t|r0g'ESi, hf OS í
f owå0gaoNyD;aemufü rjzpf[v k nf; r,l&[laom
'dXd,rdpäm0g' wpdwfudk &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu xlaxmifcJhMuygonf/
þodkY (*) ykpämjzifh owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpf\[lívnf; r,l&[lí¤if;?
(C)ykpämjzifh owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpf[lívnf; r,l&[lí¤if;? 'kwd,rdpäm0g'
wpfpHkudk &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY xlaxmifcJhMuygonf/
þ 'kwd,rdpäm0g'udk xlaxmifaom &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ t,l0g'
tm;jzifh tu,fí owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpf\[k,lvQif rdpäm'd|djzpfowJh/
owå0gaoNyD;aemuf rjzpf[k,lvQifvnf; rdpäm'd|dyif jzpfowJh ]þodkY ¤if;wdkY\
omoema&;avQmufvTm pmrsufESm(21)ü a&;om;cJhMuygonf/
0de,"&oHk;oyfcsuf
&SifOmP &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\...
(u) avmuBuD; NrJvnf;r,l&? rNrJvnf;r,l& [laom yXrwdwåd,0g'?
(c) owå 0 gaoNyD ; aemuf jzpf v nf ; r,l & ? rjzpf v nf ; r,l & [l a om
'kwd,'d|d0g'wdkYonf av;oacsFESifhurÇmwpfodef; umvMumatmif yg&rDwdkYudk
jznfuh sifah wmfrNl yD;rS oAÁnKwÓPfawmfukd &awmfral om orEÅpu©K oAÁnKbk&m;&Sif
\ tvk d q E´ a wmf E S i f h ¤ if ; ? xd k b k & m;&S i f a[mMum;awmf r l t yf a om xd k x d k
ygVdawmfrsm;ESifh¤if;? bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfustwdkif; zGifhqdkawmfrlcJhMuaom xdkxkd
t|uxm#Dum paom yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESifh¤if;? ,ckb0ü (10)ESpfwmrQom
y&d , wf o if M um;avh v mcJ h a om &S i ÓmPES i f h (6)ES p f w mrQom y&d , wf u d k
oif,lcJhzl;aom&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ t,ltqrSm aumif;uifESifhajrBuD;yrm a0;uGmjcif;
BuD;ru a0;uGmaeygawmhonf/ bk&m;&Si\ f t,l0g'jzpfaom or®m'd|Ed iS hf t&SiÓ
f P
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
t&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ rdpäm'd|dt,l0g'rSm rnfodkYrQ qufpyfír& qefYusifbuf
omoemzsuf wd w å d w d k Y \ t,l 0 g'omjzpf a eaMumif ; rS m ¤if ; wd k Y a&;om;
avQmufxm;cJhaom omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;vTmrSmygonfh rsm;jym;vSpGmaom
omoemhqefYusifbufjzpfaom ta&;tom;rsm;t& Munfh&jcif;jzifh¤if;/ xdkYjyif
"r®ylZm bk&m;&Sdcdk;pmtkyfwGif a&;om;cJhaom ygVdt|uxmwdkYudk ypfy,fvQuf
qef Y usif b uf t m;jzif h a&;om;cJ h M uaom rd p ä m 0g' tcsuf t vuf w d k Y ud k
Munfh&jcif;tm;jzifh¤if; tvGefyif xif&Sm;aeygawmhonf/
þodkY rSm;,Gif;aomt,l0g’&Sif &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf...
(u) avmuNrJvnf;r,l&? rNrJvnf;r,l& [laom 0g'/
(c) owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfvnf;r,l&? rjzpfvnf;r,l&[laom 0g'pum;wdkYudk
jrwfpGmbk&m; ra[mMum;ygbJvQuf (0g) bk&m;&Sif\t,l0g' r[kwfygbJvQuf
bk&m;&Sif\ t,l0g' bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;cJhonf[k rrSefruef rSm;,Gif; azmufjyefpGm
a&;om; ,lqxm;Mujcif;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifyif tyg,fav;yg;? vrf;c&D;udk
azmufvkyfaeMujcif;? rdrdrSwyg; tjcm;olwdkYtm;vnf; trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif;
jzpfapvQuf owå0gtrsm; tyg,fvm;odkY a&mufaMumif; raumif;aomt,l0g'
wdkYom jzpfygawmhonf/
t|uxmq&m\ oHk;oyfcsuf
okawå 'kyÜedyaEÅm pwåma&m ar bdu©a0 yk*o ¾ aEÅmoH
0dZÆmrmemavmuo®d ]EÅd tm'dokt"dyÜg, ,H tZmeaEÅ 'k*[ ¾ dwH
*PSmwd ,H opöm,pkwåH twåem'k*[ ¾ dawe tarSap0 trÇm
0du©wd twåmeÚöPwd? A[kÚö tyknH yo0wDwd? wawmrdpäm
"d|dwH ygukPwd? (t|momvdeD t|uxm-25)/
okawå=okwåefyd#uwfü? 'kyÜedyaEÅm=rSm;,Gif; azmufjyefaom t,ltusifh&Sdaom
bdu©L&[ef;onf? pwåma&mar bdu©a0 yk*v ¾ moaEÅm oH0dZÆmygem avmuo®dEÅd
tm'dopk wåma&mar=bdua© 0 þodYktp&Sad om ygVdwYkdü t"dygÜ ,f bk&m;&Si\ f omoem
awmfu?kd tZmeaEÅm=rodonfjzpfí? 'k*[ ¾ ed =H t,ltrSef rdrBd uHpnf xm;aomt,lu?kd
*PS m wd = pG J p G J v rf ; vrf ; zrf ; ,l \ / ,H = ,if ; t,l r S m ;rsm;t& ,l j cif ; ud k ?
oE´m,=&nf&G,fawmfrlí twåem 'ku©[dawe.../y/... yo0wDwd yo0wd[lí
b*0wm jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? 0kwåH=a[mMum;awmfrltyf\/ twåem=rdrdonf?
'k * ¾ [ d a we=tvG J v G J trS m ;rS m ; raumif ; ojzif h ,l x m;tyf a omt,l j zif h ?
tmarap0=igbk&m;wdkYudkvnf;? trÇmpdu©wd=r[kwfrrSef vkyfBuH ajymMum;aom
tm;jzifh pGyfpGJ\/ twåeÍö t,lrSm;ol rdrdudk,fudkrlvnf; cewd-wl;NzdK\/ (0g)rdrd
udk,fudkyif wl;NzdKonfhtvm; ysufjym;ap\/ A[kÚ=ö tenf;ru rsm;jym;vSpGmaom/
tyknH=raumif;rIudk yo0wd=wdk;wufjyefYyGm; rsm;jym;ap\/ uawm= xdkodkY
rSm;,Gif;aom t,ludk ,ljcif;jzifh? rdpäm'd|duH=csdKU,Gif;azmufjyef rrSefuefaom
rd p ä m t,l & S d o l \ tjzpf o d k Y ? yg[k P wd = a&muf a vawmh \ / þum;
t|omvdeDt|uxm\ rdefYqdkcsufjzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
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0de,"&q&mawmfwdkY\ oHk;oyfcsuf
þ&S i f Ó PES i f h &S i f * k P 0EÅ w d k Y onf rd r d w d k Y rS m ;,G i f ; pG m ,l q xm;aom
avmutjrifrSm;[laom rdpämavmu'óe rsufvHk;uwzuf? b0tjrifrSm;[laom
rdpämb0'óe rsufvHk;uwzuf þodkYaom trSm;jrifrsufvHk;pHkwdkY xdkxdkbk&m;a[m
yd#uwfwdkYü ygVdESifht|uxmwdkYudk¤if; tXuxmESifh#Dum ponfudk¤if; wdkufqdkif
n§ d E d I i f ; um oif , l b l ; jcif ; avh v mrS w f o m; aqmif x m;yd k Y c sjcif ; ponf w d k Y
tm;enf;aeojzifh oifYxdkufaom y&d,wåd"r®wdkYt& rodjcif;[laom rnm&/ xdkodkY
aphaphiSiS rMunfhrI rodjrifjcif;jzifY/ xdkxdkyd#uwfwdkYü odkYavmçodkYavm awG;awm
,HkrSm;jcif;wnf;[laom oHo, avmutjrifrSm;çb0tjrifrSm;[laom tjrifrSm;
ESp&f yfukd tajccHvQuf BuHpnfawG;awmí ,lqaejcif;wnf;[laom rdpmä t,l0g'odYk
a&mufaejcif;? 'd|0d yd v Ü m’ o þodYk tÓP? oHo,0dyv Ü m’ owdYk jzifh arS;&pfz;kH aeaom
ormÓPf tvif;a&mif tvGefuif;a0;aeolrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh (Oyrm) rsufpdrSm
wdro f v’mvTr;f vQuf rjrifruef; prf;w0g;0g; jzpfaeolwYkd onf rdrw d Ykd \ rsufprd jrif
rMunfvifMuojzifh b,ft&m0w¬Kudkyif MunfhMunfh oJuGJpGm rjrifEdkifMuouJhodkY
&SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf rdpämÓPf wdrfov’m zHk;vTrf;tyfonfjzpfí 0denf;wEÅK
tbd"r®m yd#uwfoHk;jzmwGif b,ft&mudkyifMunfhMunfh or®mÓPf tvif;a&mif
r&Muum; trSefw&m; r&jrifEdkifMuawmhrnfr[kwfay/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; rdrdwdkYxifjrif,lqtyfNyD;aom avmutjrifESifh b0tjrif
wnf;[laom rdpäm'óe t,lESpfyg;t& trSefw&m;xifum rdrdwdkY\ rdpämtjrifESifh
rnDñw G o f rQ yd#uwfvmtrSew f &m;udk trSm;awGcsn;f yHk oH;k oyfí rdpmä "mwfvrT ;f NyD;
y&rf;ywm xif&mpdkif;í a&;om;ajymqdkaeMurnfholrsm; jzpfygawmhonf/
xdkYodkY trSefw&m;t& odjrifEdkifaomor®mÓPfrsufvHk; qHk;½SHK;uG,faysmuf
cJhMuNyDjzpfaomaMumifhyif þomoemawmfü txG#fjrwfqHk; tocFw"mwf oEdÅokc
edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwf t&yif ysuf&,fajymiforI &J&J0Hh0Hhyif jyKcJhMuygonf/
xdkpum;onfrSef\/ 4if;wdkY\ avQmufvTmpmrsufESm(28)ü ,aeYacwfonf
pmayacwfoufouf r[kwfawmhyg/ b0r&Sdaomw&m;udk tjrHK[k oufa&muf
aeaom acwfjzpfvmNyD;ygNyD [lí rav;rpm; ykwfcwfa&;om; cJhMuygonf/
þodkY qdktyfNyD;cJhaom pum;&yfwdkYjzifh ygVdawmfvm wdwå"&wdkY\ t,l0g'
wdkYESifhpyf,SOfí &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ wdkYonf t,lrSm;yHkrsm; t&jyqdktyfayonf/
Ak'¨0g'awmftrSef
(u) avmuNrJ rNrJ [laompum;/
(c) ,ckaoNyD;aemuf jzpfrjzpf[laom &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ pum;ESifhpyfí-
bk&m;&Sit f vdak wmft& xkx d ykd #d uwfawmfrsm;üvmaom t,l0g'&So d l tawmftwef
todÓPf&Sdolrsm;yif odMuNyD; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf taMumif;wdkufqdkifvmojzifh
(qdak &;&Su d qdt k yfv\
S ? qdpk rsm;vQm;? xm;ygacsrd igh0ef&cdS )hJ [laom a&S;q&mjrwfwYkd
xHk;t& ESvHk;rQum xif&Sm;atmifjyqdkygOD;rnf/
avmuNrJrNrJ-[laom pum;t& avmu[lonf owåavmuç ocFg&avmuç
Moumoavmu[lí oHk;yg;&Sd\/ xkdoHk;yg;wdkYwGif...
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
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(1) owåavmu/ /owå0gtrsdK;rsdK; (Oyrm) vl? ewf? jA[®m? wd&pämefpaom
owå0gwdkYudk owåavmu[kqdkygonf/
(2) ocFg&avmu/ /uH?pdw?f Owk[al om taMumif;t&mwdYkaMumifh jzpfaom avmu[k
qdyk gonf/
(3) Moumoavmu/ /owå0gtrsdK;rsdK;wdkY\ ae&m Xmejzpfaom tyg,fav;bHk
umrok*wdckESpfbHk? ½lywpfqJhajcmufbHk? t½lyav;bHk [laom(31)bHkudk Moumo
avmu [kqdkygonf/
þavmuoHk;yg;pvHk;yif wyg;rSNrJonf[lür&Sd/ ocFg& jzpfaom ½kyfemrfavmu
rS e f o rQ rNrJ { uef pif p pf r S e f y gawmh o nf / tocF w jzpf a om ed A Á m ef " mwf
w&m;jrwfonfomvQif...
]y' rpöKw rpöEÅH? tocFw rEkwå&H? edAÁmerDwd bmoEÅd 0gerkwåm
ra[oa,m/ (o*F[|uxm)
jrefrmtw¬/ / pkawa&GUvQm;jcif;vnf; r&Sd? pkwd[laom? tqHk;ukdvGefNyD;aom/
uH?pdwf?Owk?tm[m& wnf;[laom taMumif;w&m; av;ckonf rjyKjyiftyfaom
rdrxd ufomvGeaf om w&m;r&Sad om tocFw"mwfoabmudk edAmÁ ef[í l 0ge[laom
wPSmrS vGwfajrmufawmfrlMuwJh bk&m;&SifwkdY rdefYMum;a[mxm;awmfrlMuukef\/
þpum;awmf t & tocF w "mwf [ l a om ed A Á m ef [ k ac:aom (emrf w &m;
wdkYwGifyg0ifaom) oabmw&m;wdkYonfom pifppf{uef NrJownf;/
xd k Y aMumif h Ak ' ¨ \ t,l 0 g'tm;jzif h ocF w w&m;rS e f o rQ rNrJ [ l í ¤if ; ?
tocFwedAÁmefum; NrJ\[lí¤if; oEéd|mefus rSwfom;tyf\/
odYk jzpfí &SiÓ
f P? &Si*f P
k 0EÅwYkd\ avmuNrJrNrJ[al om w&m;t,l0g'onf
Ak'¨\t,l0g'ESifhqefYusifaom rdpäm0g'om jzpfaMumif;rSmvnf; xif&Sm;\[lí
odtyfayawmhownf;/ a&SUaemufb0 jzpfrjzpf[laom&SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\
rdpäm0g'jyóemü bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmft& xdkxkdyd#uwfawmfrsm;ü vm&SdcJh
onfum;...
(u) aemufb0üjzpfrnfhol?
(c) aemufb0ü rjzpfrnfhol [lí ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; cGJjcm;tyf\/
(u) aemufb0üjzpfrnfholrSm...
,HwH owåmeH? OyÜZÆmwGm ed½kZmö rm eH twdwHwm'doH
urH® wPSm odae[ó tAÁDPH a,0a[mwd}/
(ck'úygXt|uxm-163)
jrefrmtw¬/ / tMuifyk*¾dKvfwkdYtm; b0wckjzpfNyD;aemuf csKyfoGm;aomfvnf;
ta[mif;jzpfaom a&S;twdwu f H wPSmwnf;[laom tar;udk t&[r&fjzifh t<uif;rJh
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
ry,fowftyfao;onf\ tjzpfaMumifhaemufb0 y#doaEüdk aqmifjcif;iSm
pGrf;Edkifonf/
þtjzpfaMumifh(0g) b0opfwckudk jzpfapjcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifonf tjzpfaMumifh
b0opfrukefao;onfom jzpf\/
vdk&if;t"dyÜg,f/ / t&[wår*fjzifh wPSmt& t<uif;rJh ry,fowf&ao;í
wPSmruif;ao;aom jywfcNhJ yD;aemuf aemufb0opfü wzefy#doaE¨ ae&ayOD;rnf
(0g) aemufb0 wckjzpfjyefO;D rnf ol[q k v kd ykd gonf/ þum; aemufb0jzpfrnfo h rl sm;
jzpfygonf/
(c) aemufb0ü rjzpfrnfhyk*d¾KvfwdkYrSm-
wH yk&mPHurH? a,oH t&[wåra*¾e wPSm
odae[ó aomodwwåm t*¾dem "¡kADZrd0 t,
,wð 0dygu’gem orwåwm, cdPH? (ck'úygXtXuxm)
jrefrmtwå/ / tMuif &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; jzpfaom ty&m y&d,...paom
xdtk wdwu f oH nf &S\ d / xdtk wdwu
f u
H kd t&[wår*fjzifh wPSmwnf;[laom tap;udk
ajcmufcef;oGm;atmif jyKwwfonf tjzpfaMumifh rD;jzif½h KS Ud xm;tyfNyD;aom rsdK;aphuo hJ Ykd
'kw, d b0paom aemiftcgü y#doaEüsKd ;udk ay;jcif;iSg rpGr;f Edik o f nf\ tjzpfaMumifh
b0ukefqHk;oGm;NyD/
þt|uxmpum;&yfjzifh &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; a&S;twdwf umvu
jyKxm;tyfaom ukodkvftukodkvf ty&my&dwHuHrsm;udk t&[wår*fjzifh t<uif;rJh
y,fowfNyD;jzpfí aemufaemufb0rsm;ü y#doaE¨ (b0opf) wnf;[laom
tusdK;rsm;udk ray;EdkifMuawmh[kqdkvdkygonf/
þpum;jzifh twdwfuHrsm; ukefqHk;ojzifh b0opf rjzpfEdkifyHkudk jyygonf/
(2) ,ÚöaeoHAk'¨ ylZm"d 0aoe £'ge y0wårmeH
e0EÅd0dpw ö d? wÚö wPSmypmae ae0 odE´rlvyg'
ykAÁ0d0t[,wð zó'gem orwåwm ,a,oH ewådoAÇ0H?
(ck'úygXt|uxm)
jrefrmtwå/ / ,ckypöKyÜefb0ü xdk&[EÅm yk*dK¾ vfwdkYtm; jznfhusifhqnf;yl;tm;xkwfí
jyKvkyftyfaom bk&m;udkylaZmfjcif;? ypönf;0w¬KvSL'gef;jcif;? a0,sm0pöjyKjcif; paom
aumif;rI ukodkvfuHudk topfjzpfaom uH[líqdktyf\/ xdkuHtopfrsm;onfvnf;
wPSmwnf;[laom 0#fjrpfudk y,fowftyfonf jzpfíomvQif tjrpfjywfNyD;aom
opfyif\ tyGiu hf ohJ Ykd aemufb0ü tusKd ;ay;jcif;iSm rpGr;f Edik af wmh&um; tMuif&[ef;
yk*Kd¾ vfwYkdtm; ,ckb0 0#fjyKtyfonfh uHtopfonfvnf; b0topfjzpfjcif; r&Sad wmh/
(0g)b0opfü y#doaEüsdK;udk ray;awmh[k qdkvdkygonf/
þpum;&yfjzifh &[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkY\ uHtopfvnf;ukefojzifh b0opfrjzpfyHkudk
jyygonf/
(3) a,mpwPSm r[mae0bm,wd aub0o®d
0d&wå 0dwm? awpdP, 0gbdu©Kur®HacwåH
0dÓPóura, ae0CdPwåm cDPAdZm/ (ck'úygX t|uxm)
ordik ;f wifrw
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k w
"r®0[
jrefrmtw¬/ / tMuif&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfwdkYonf wPSmwnf;[laom 0#fjrpfudk
y,fowfNyD;jzpfaomaMumifhomvQif aemiftem*wfb0ü b0opfjzpfjcif;udk
vdv k m;awmifw h jcif;? wyfrufarmjcif; r&SMd uuke/f xd&k [EÅmyk*Kd¾ vfwYkd onf urH acwåH
0d n mPAD Z H [l a om ygVd ü qd k t yf a om y#d o aE¨ 0 d Ó Pf \ b0uH
ukefaomaMumifhomvQif jzpfvwHhaom b0rsdK;aph ukefNyD (0g) aemufb0
rjzpfEdkifawmhay/
þpum;&yf w d k Y jzif h aemif t em*wf b 0rS m jzpf & rnf h u H o nf v nf ;
b0opf w zef jzpf v d k a om tmomqE´ rjzpf a wmh o jzif h 0d n mP[l a om
b0rsdK;aphukefoGm;aomaMumifh b0opfjzpf&ef y#doaE¨0dnmPfwnf;[laom
rsdK;aphukefNyD[k qdkvdkygonf/
þt|uxmpum;jzifh &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vfwYkdtm; aemiftem*wf b0udk jzpfaprnfh
uHrsm;ukefcJhNyDjzpfí (0g) aemifb0 rjzpfEdkifyHkudkjyygonf/
þtxuf y g ck ' ´ u ygX t|uxmpum;t& ud a vomtmoa0g
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tmoa0gukefcrf; &[EÅmrsm;? &[EÅm rax&fjrwfrsm;onf...
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rjzpfawmhbJ csKyfNidrf;oGm;olrsm;[kom qdktyfygawmhonf/
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onf/
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qufpyfyg0ifae&um; xdk "r®a&;&mwdYkukd pdppfo;kH oyfjcif;rjyKbJ 0denf;odum© yk'rf Qjzifh
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oufaocH wifoiG ;f Muaom omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdv k mT ESihf "r®yZl m
bk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf;wdkYwGif Ak"ÿg0pe ½Ipm;a[mazmf ygVdawmft|uxmwdkYESifh
rnDñGwfaom tcsufaygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifaomfvnf; tenf;i,frQaomtcsufwdkYudk
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h m;avsmfpmG Ak'y¨ g0pe
ax&m0g' ygVdt|uxmwdkYjzifh aocsmaphpyf qifjcifoHk;oyfí jytyfayownf;/
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xifz, G &f mjzpfaomfvnf; aemifwiG af zmfjyonfh pum;&yfwYkdukd axmufqqifjcifaomf
olwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsufudkxifxif&Sm;&Sm; awGUjrifMu&rnfjzpfygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdk"r®ylZmpmtkyfwGif bk&m;a[ma'oemwdkYudk
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txm;jzifh jytyfonf&Sdaomf bk&m;aoemawmfü pHkvifatmif rodrjrifMuaom
&[ef;&SifvlwdkYtzdkY tvGefyif ,HkvG,fMuyg\/ ygVdoHMum;&vQifyif rSm;onf[k
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cJhMuonfESifh rauseyfEdkifMubJ yd#uü rodem;rvnfolwdkYudk bk&m;a[ma'oem
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(ygVdawmf) 0pom reomx ur®Kem p?
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vlUNidrf;at;rI a½S;½IvdkYom?
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k ykd if
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jrefrmjyefxm;ygonf/
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odkYjzpfí vdk&if;csKyfaomf w&m;-rw&m; jywfom;odNyD; vlYNidrf;at;rIudk
a&SU½Iíom w&m;usi&hf rnf[í l bk&m;a[monf[k qdv k ykd gonf/ þum; &SiÓ f PwdYk
trSm;awmfyHk tajccHwnf;/
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qef Y u sif o nf j zpf í opö m av;yg;w&m;ud k aumif ; pG m od N yD ; cE¨ y &d e d A Á m ef u d k
vdkvm;awmifhwíaeaom &[ef;onf avmuESifhrvdrf;usH? ruyfNid aeEdkif\-[lí
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vlYabmifrScGgxGufí &[ef;abmifodkY uyfa&mufaeaom&[ef;onf tb,fodkY
avmuESifhrvdrf;usH? ruyfNidbJ aeEdkifygoenf;[k ar;apawmfrlNyD; ajzqdktyfaom
tajzjzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SifÓPwdkY ,lqtyfaom teuft"dyÜg,frsdK; r[kwfyg/
(1) or®m 0d'dwGme "r®Hjzifh opömav;yg;jrwfw&m;udk aumif;pGmodjrifNyD;í?
ordik ;f wifrw
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&[EÅmt&Sifjrwfonf cEÿ&dedAÁmefudkom vdkvm;awmifhwonfjzpfí avmuESifh
rvdrf;usH? rNiduyfbJ aeEdkifyHkudk a[mawmfrlvdk&if;jzpfygonf/
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oGuo f u G v
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(c) okwåedygw r[mAsL[okwå yEé&or*gxm
(ygVdawmf) yóH ea&m 'u©wd emr ½lyH?
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b,favmufyifyGm;yGm; w&m;r&Edkif[líjzpfygonf/
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atmif vGJcsufemvSacs\/
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ar;ajza[mMum;cJhaom a'oemyifjzpfygonf/
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(edp?ö okc?twå)tm;jzifh ½Ijrif\/ ½IjrifNyD;ívnf; xdkemrf½kyfudk edp?ö okc?twåtm;jzifh
½Ijrifjcif;rsdK;jzifh pifMu,f\[lí cE¨mig;yg; ponfwdkYü vdr®mukefaom olwdkYonf
rajymqdk ra[majymMuukef[lí jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh r[meda'óygVdt|uxmjzifh &Sif;jyygOD;rnf/
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xdkemrf½kyfudk edpö ponftm;jzifhom odvwHh/ xdkrSwyg; tedppö onftm;jzifh rod
vwHh [lí jzpfygonf/
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xdkpum;&yfwdkYudk vdk&if;csKyfaomf emrf½kyfudk edp?ö okc?twå[k rSm;,Gif;aom
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b,favmufyif yGm;aomfvnf; r*fÓPfzv kd Ó
f Pfrsm;udk r&Edik [f íl om qdv k ykd gonf/
þuJhodkY a'oemawmf\ rSefuefaom teufudkrQ rodrjrif EdkifMuaom
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vGJrSm;cJh&aom r[mtrSm;awmfyHk tajccH jzpfownf;/
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rS m ;ygonf [ k q d k v Qif xd k o d k Y r[k w f v Qif u m; bk & m;a[ma'oemwd k Y ud k
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bk & m;a[ma,mif j yKvk y f v Quf omoemzsuf p pf p pf w d k Y om jzpf a Mumif ;
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tpGrf;aqmifEdkifqHk;olrsm;om jzpf&mygonf/
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onf/
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txacg awbdu©L tm,orEÅH ok'dEéH tmaeuy&d,m aoe 0d*&wdxGm?
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rsm;pGmaomtaMumif;wdkYjzifh uJh&JU½Iwfcsawmf rlcJhMuygonf/
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tenf;i,frQazmfjyí axmufqqifjcif&aomf...
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(3) 0ov"r®=,kwfrmaom udavomtukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk ,dkpD;apwwfaom
ykxkZOf AmvwdkY\tusifhrQom jzpfonf/
(4) 'k|Kv’H=½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;aom vlrdkufwdkY\ tusifhomjzpfonf/
(5) 'G,H-'G,Hormywåð = wyfESpfoufjcif;wlol ESpfa,mufolwdkY tpHktpHk
a&muftyfaom trIudpo ö mjzpfonf/
þodYk tm;jzifh umr*kPcf pH m;rIupd u ö kd ,kwn f ahH tmufus ykxZk OfvYl AmvwdYk \
trI u d p ö r sm;omjzpf í ud a vomuif ; pif t&d , mol a wmf p if w d k Y \ trI u d p ö
r[kwfaMumif; txift&Sm; ½IwfcsrdefYMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
od k Y jzpf y gvQuf &S i f Ó PES i f h & S i f * k P 0EÅ w d k Y onf ud a vomw&mrsm;
uif;pifolonf tdyf? pm;? umr þoHk;0udk jynfh0 atmifjrifpGm tpGrf;aqmifEdkifqHk;
olrsm;om jzpf&mygonf/ ponfjzifh a&;om;ajymqdkcJhMuygonf/
xdk &SifOmP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYpum;udk tajzmifhtm;jzifh,lcJhaomf udavom
uif;pifNyD;aom bk&m;&[EÅmwdkYonf tdyfrI? pm;rI? umr*kPfrIwdkYü tvGeftMuL;
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
cHpm;Edkifolrsm;jzpfí avmuü om;a&;? orD;a&;? pD;yGm;a&; wdkYjzifh wdk;wufBuD;yGm;?
pnfum;? a0jzmrnf[k qdk&ma&mufaecJhygonf/
,if;odkYjzpfaomf...&SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf udavomuif;pif bk&m;&Sif
ESifh t&d,molawmfpifwdkYudk udavomtm½Hk umr*kPfwdkYü udavomrpif[k
ykxZk OfwYkd xuf omvGecf pH m;Edik o f rl sm;[k raMumufr&GUH &J0efYcpH m; rw&m;pGypf aJG jymqdk
aeMuolrsm;om jzpfaMumif;xif&mS ;vSygawmhonf/ xdpk um;onfreS \ f / bk&m;&SiEf iS hf
udavomukecf ef;NyD;aom &[EÅmocif t&d,molawmfpifwYkdonf udavom uif;pif
awmfrlNyD;í 0w¬Ktm½Hk umr*kPfwkdYü ykxkZOfrsm;uJhodkY om,mESpfouf pHkrufcHpm;rI
vHk;0yifr&Sdawmhay/
xdkYaMumifh...t*Fkwå&edum,f t|uedygwfa0&ÚÆokwfü...
a,awjA[®P? ½lyabm*g? o'ábm*g? *Eäbm*g?
&oabm*g? azm|AÁÜabm*g? aw? uxm*wó? y[dem/ ponfjzifh
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
xdkygVdawmfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ½ly? o'´? *E¨? azm|AÁ [k qdktyfaom
ig;0tm½Hk umr*kPf cHpm;rIr&SdNyD? rcHpm;awmh[lí qdkvdkygonf/
þod k Y a[mMum;tyf a om a'oemwd k Y u d k axmuf q aomf &S i f O mP?
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ t,l0g'onf bk&m;a'oemrS zDvmuefYvefY r[kwfrrSef
BuHpnf,lqtyfaom rdpämt,lwdkYom jzpfonf[lí qifjcifoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
"r®ylZmbk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf;pmrsufESm (40)ü ½kyfemrfESpfyg; y&rwfrsm;udk
w&m;[kxifrcd o hJ nftxd jzpfygonf/ þodYk w&m;r[kw&f mü w&m;vkyrf o d nftxd
w&m;çrw&m; rjywfrom;jzpfcJhMuygonf [lí¤if;? pmrsufESm (47)ü-½kyfemrf
y&rwf u d k w&m;xif j cif ; um; tzwf q nf í r&atmif vG J r S m ;jcif ; rsm;ud k
usL;vGefcJhMujcif;rsm; jzpfygonf [lí¤if;? pmrsufESm (48)ü-½kyfemrfy&rwfonf
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfpm&if;ü oGif;í vHk;0rjzpfaomt&mom jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh ½kyfemrfonf w&m;vHk;0r[kwfyg[lí¤if;? Ak'¨\ ½kyfemrf"r®wdkYudk
t"r®tjzpfjzifh twdtvif;yif a&;om;xm;onfudk awGUMu&ygonf/
xdkpum;&yfü pdppfjyzG,fyif rvdkavmufatmif jzpfygonf/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYudk bk&m;&Sifonf a'oemaygif;rsm;pGmwdkYü txift&Sm;
"r®\tjzpfjzifh a[mMum;awmfrlcJhaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmfwdkYü cE¨mig;yg;? ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYudk trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk
enf ; aygif ; pH k j zif h "r® p pf r S e f ½k y f E S i f h e mrf [ k a0zef y d k i f ; jcm;í bk & m;&S i f
a[mMum;awmf r l c J h o nf r[k w f y gavm/ &S i f Ó Pwd k Y vuf o if h c H c J h a om
(yÚöKyg'geu©Em¨ )onf bk&m;&Siñ f eT jf yaom Mum;awmfro l nfh ½kyef mrf"r® r[kwcf ahJ om
rnfonfhw&m;[lí qdkjcif;ygao;oenf;[lí ar;&awmhrnfyif jzpfygawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SifÓPwdkYonf bk&m;u"r®qdkvQif t"r®? bk&m;u t"r®qdkvQif
"r®[lí ajymif;jyefvSefvdkaom rdpäm0g'Drsm;om jzpfaMumif; odomvSygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
xif&Sm;apOD;tHh/ ,ck ½kyfemrfudk Ak'ü y&rw¬"r®tjzpf xif&Sm;pGma[mawmfrl\/
&SifÓPwdkYu t"r®[k y,fzsufMu\/ Ak"ü tewåqdkvQif olwdkYu twå[lí
,lMujyef\/ Ak'ü tedp[ ö ka[mawmfrlvQif olwdkYu edp[ ö k qdkMujyef\/ Ak'ü
'k u © [ k a [m&müvnf ; ol w d k Y u ok c [l í qd k M uuk e f \ / þod k Y jzif h
Ak'¨\t,l0g'rSeforQudk awmfvSefzsufqD;aeMuonfh omoemzsuf? omoemh
tEÅ&m,f? twGif;&efolrsm;omjzpfonf [lí qHk;jzwfcsufcs&awmhrnf jzpfay\/
"r®ylZm bk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf; pmrsufESm(51)üjrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonf
wynfah wmfwYkd odxifNyD;aom w&m;rsm;udk ausmv f eG í
f rod&ao;aom t&mjzpfonfh
r*fw&m;ESifh zdkvfw&m; edAÁmefw&m; y&d,wfw&m; ½kyfemrfw&m;rsm;r[kwfyg/
rw&m;\ajymif;jyef qefYusifbuf w&m;rsm;om jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmf
jzpfygonf[lí olwdkYtjrif t,l0g'udk azmfjycJhMuayonf/ þajymqdk a&;om;csuf
jzifhvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ oAÁnKw a&TÓPfawmfjzifh a[mMum;tyfaom
r*fav;0 zdkvfav;wef edAÁmefy&d,wf q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfjrwfwdkYudk bk&m;\
w&m;awmf r[kwf[lí twdtvif; y,fzsufxm;onfudk awGUjrifMu&jyefygonf/
xdk &SifÓPwdkY\ pum;&yfwdkYudk vdk&if;csKyfí,lcJhaomfjrwfpGmbk&m;\
w&m;awmfonf olwdkYodxifNyD;aom w&m;udkausmfvGefí rodrjrifao;aom
w&m;r[kwf[lí jzpfayonf/ ,if;odkYjzpfcJhaomf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf olwdkYodaom
t&mxuf omvGefíodaom w&m;r&Sd[k qdk&ma&mufcJhygonf/
þod k Y tm;jzif h teEÅ Ó Pf a wmf & S i f bk & m;ocif \ oAÁ n Kw
a&TÓPfawmfjrwfudk xdyg;ykwfcwfapmfum;í xm;tyfonfrSm xif&Sm;vSygonf/
¤if;tjyif wynfhawmfwdkYrod&ao;aom r*fw&m;? zdkvfw&m;? edAÁmefy&d,wfw&m;?
½kyfemrfw&m;rsm;r[kwfyg qdkaompum;jzifh &SifÓPwdkYonf Ak'¨w&m;rSefwdkYudk
wpHkw&mrQ rodrjrifolrsm; jzpfonfudkvnf; 0efcHNyD;jzpfaeygawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SifÓPwdkYonf Ak'üdk,SOfNydKiftHwkí Ak'önf igwdkYxufydkí
odaomw&m;r&Sd[lí¤if;? Ak'ä[mtyforQw&m;wdkYonf w&m;r[kwf[lí¤if; ,lq
í Ak'ËSifhAk'¨\"r®wdkYudk zsufqD;y,fzsufí rdpäm'óe(rSm;aomtjrif) rdpäm'd|d
rSm;aomt,l&SdMuolwdkYomjzpfaMumif; rdrdwdkY\t,l0g' ta&;om; ajymqdkcsuf
wdkYuyif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; azmfjyvQuf&SdMuonf[k a0zefoHk;oyfawmfrlMuonf/
4/ "r®ylZm bk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf;pmrsufESm (69)(70)wdkYü-
(u) edAÁmefonf vl\Nidrf;csrf;onf\tjzpf[laom oabmomjzpfygonf/
edAÁmefonf 'ku©cyfodrf; Nidrf;jcif;yif jzpfonf[kqdkvQif 'ku©onf vlqif;&Jonf\
tjzpf[laom oabmyifjzpfí 'ku©onf vlüjzpfvQif 'ku©Nidrf;jcif;edAÁmefonfvnf;
vlüyif jzpfoifhygonf/
(c) 'k u © o nf þwvH r Qud k , f u m,ü jzpf y gonf / ed A Á m ef o nf v nf ;
þwvHrQudk,fum,üyif jzpf&ygrnf/
(*) 'k u © o nf cE¨ m ig;yg;ES i f h wjcm;pD r qd k & yg/ ed A Á m ef o nf v nf ;
cE¨mig;yg;ESifhwjcm;pDrqdk&[k jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYMum;cJhygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
pmrsufESm(72)ü- ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPf[laom þudk,fum wvHrQü
Oyg'gef r &S d a omtjzpf o nf ed A Á m ef a &muf y gonf / xd k Y aMumif h ed A Á m ef o nf
vlraorDedAÁmef? vlaoNyD;edAÁmef[lí uGJjym;jcif;r&Sd jzpfygonf/ edAÁmefonf
vlraorDom jzpfEdkifcGifh&Sdaomt&m jzpfygonf/
þum; &SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmef0g'jzpfay\/
þpum;wdkYudk pkaygif;í aumufcsufcsaomf...
(u) ed A Á m ef o nf cE¨ m ig;yg;üjzpf í ed A Á m ef E S i f h c E¨ m ig;yg;wjcm;pD r [k w f ?
edAÁmefESifhcE¨mig;yg; twlyifjzpfonf[lí¤if;?
( c) ed A Á m ef o nf vl r aorD o m jzpf í vl a oNyD ; aemuf ed A Á m ef r &S d [ l í ¤if ;
jzpfygawmhonf/
þpum;udk a0zef&aomf...
&SiÓf PwdYk \edAmÁ efonf Ak'\ ¨ oEÅo
d ck edAmÁ efEiS hf qDEiS ahf &yrm wjcm;pDomjzpfaMumif;
xif&Sm;vSygonf/
Ak'\¨ edAmÁ ef"mwfw&m;awmfjrwfum; (twuúm0p&)jzpfí BuHpnfawG;awm&,Hrk Qjzifh
&tyf? a&muftyf? odjriftyfaom w&m;r[kwfyg/ ,ck &SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmefum;
BuHpnfrSef;qí (wuúaA'jzifh) azmfñTef;tyfaom edAÁmefom jzpfcJhygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf &SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmef0g'udk azmfñTef;a&;om;&mü-
(uçc)pum;&yfwdkYwGif vlüyif jzpfoifhygonf/ þ udk,fum,üyif jzpf&ygrnf
[laom pum;ESpf&yfjzifh ododxifxifÓPfjzifhodjriftyfaom w&m;r[kwfbJ
awG;awmBuHqtyfaom w&m;tjzpfukd xifxif&mS ;&Sm; azmfjyvQuf &Sad eaomaMumifh
jzpfygonf/
xif&Sm;apOD;tHh...&SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmefonf cE¨mig;yg;omjzpfí Ak'¨\edAÁmef
um; cE¨mig;yg;\ wjcm;jzpfaom r*f? zdkvfÓPfwdkYjzifhom odtyf? a&muftyf?
rsufarSmufjyKtyfaom oEÅdokc? edAÁmef"gwf jzpfygonf/
odkYjzpfí...&SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmefonf Ak'¨\edAÁmefr[kwf/
&SifÓPwdkY\ topfxGifí BuHpnf,lqtyfaom oD;jcm;edAÁmefomjzpfonf/
þt&mü Ak'ä'oem b,fodkY&Sdoenf;/ n§dEdIif;íjyOD;tHh/
(u) uxm0w¬KygVdawmf...
tancE¨m? tnHedAÁmeEÅd? tmrEÅm[lí a[mawmfrlcJhygonf/ xdkygVdawmf\
t"d y Ü g ,f r S m ...cE¨ m wd k Y onf tjcm;? ed A Á m ef o nf t jcm;avm/ [k w f a y\/
cE¨mwdkYonfwjcm;? edAÁmefonfwjcm;jzpfay\[lí jzpfygonf/
(c) "r®o*FPDygVdawmfü...tZÑwådu"r®m? Am[d&m"r®m[lí a[mawmfrlcJhygonf/
xdkygVdawmfjzifh cE¨mudk,ftwGif;üjzpfaomw&m;ESifh cE¨mudk,f\ tjyifüjzpfaom
w&m;ESpfrsdK; &Sd&mwGif y&rwåw&m;av;yg;ü pdwf? apwoduf?½kyfwdkYonf
cE¨ m ud k , f w d k i f ; ü jzpf a om (tZÑwå d u ) w&m;? ed A Á m ef o nf cE¨ m ud k , f \
tjyiftyrSmjzpfaom(Am[d&)w&m;[k qdkvdkygonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SifÓPwdkY\edAÁmefESifh Ak'¨\edAÁmefonf woD;wjcm;? rnfodkYrQ
qufpyfr&atmif uGmjcm;íaeonfrmS odomvSygawmhonf/ xdYkaemuf &SiÓ f PwdYk\
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
edAÁmefonf vlraorDom&Sdí vlaoNyD;aemuf r&SdEdkif&um; (tedpö+t"k0)
rNrJaomedAmÁ efjzpfí bk&m;&Si\ f edAmÁ efum; raorD(0g)½kyef mrfcE¨mrcsKyfNidr;f rD r*fÓPf?
zdv
k Óf PfwYkdjzifh odjrifcpH m;&aom (oOHyg'daooedAmÁ ef) ½kyef mrfcE¨m csKyfNidr;f NyD;aemuf
cHpm;í ae&aom (tEkyg'daoo)? (edp?ö "l0)oEÅo d ck vu©Pm&Sad om edAmÁ efjzpfay\/
þodkYjzifhvnf; &SifÓPwdkY\ edAÁmefonf (tedp+ö t"l0) rcdkifrNrJaom edAÁmefjzpfí
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v,fjyifqifoGm;ouJhodkY xif&Sm;vSay\/ pDppfoHk;oyfawmfrlMu&ygonf/
"r®ylZmbk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf; pmrsufESm(82)ü...t&Sifbk&m;a[mMum;csufü
t&d , mwd k Y od t yf a om avmuonf 'k u © t &d , opö m rsm;jzpf a omf v nf ;
wynf h a wmf w d k Y \ rd k u f r J a omtjrif ü t&d , mwd k Y od t yf a om avmuonf
½kyfemrfavmu[kqdktyfaom ½kyfemrfy&rw¬opömrsm; jzpfaecJhygonf[lí tjrifcH
&,lcsufwdkYudk azmfjya&;om;cJhMuygonf/
xd k p um;&yf w d k Y u d k pd p pf O D ; tH h / jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif o nf y&rw¬ o pö m ?
orkwdopöm[lí ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/ ,ck &SifÓPwdkY\ t,l
0g'ü y&rw¬opömESifh orkwdopöm ajymif;jyef,lqxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/
rSefygonf/ olwdkY\pum;wdkYudk tajzmifhtm;jzifh,lcJhaomf
t&d,mwdkYjriftyfaom opömonf orkwdopömrsm;jzpfí y&rw¬opömr[kwf[lí
jzpf y gonf / ,if ; od k Y jzpf c J h a omf t&d , mwd k Y od j rif t yf a om opö m w&m;rS m
orkwdopömrQjzpfí y&rw¬opömr[kwf[lí ajymqdka&;om;jcif;jzifh t&d,mwdkY
od j rif t yf a om opö m av;yg; jrwf w &m;ud k zsuf q D ; &ma&muf ½ H k r Qru
t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfwYkd onf 'ku?© ork',? eda&m"? r*¾[al om opömav;yg;udk rodrjrif[k
t&d,mwdkYudk pGyfpGJ&mvnf;a&mufaecJhygonf/ &Sif;ygOD;rnf/t&d,mopömudk
tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh oHcdawåe yÚöKyg'geu©E¨m[lí 'ku©rnf\[lí jzpfygonf/
xdkpum;&yfudk axmufqí t&d,mwdkYodjriftyfaom opömonf ½kyfemrfcE¨m[k
qdtk yfaom y&rw¬opömom jzpfaMumif; xif&mS ;vSygonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocifonf
trS e f o d j rif & rnf h y&rw¬ o pö m ud k a[mawmf r l & mü y&rw¬ o uf o uf r Qjzif h
a[mMum;awmf r l c J h a omf r od r jrif E d k i f & maomaMumif h ork w d o pö m ud k oH k ; pG J í
a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/ Oyrm(cE¨m'geH y#d*P ¾ SEÅd) cE¨mwdkYonf tvSLudk cH,lukef
\/ ("mwka,m'geH y#d*P ¾ SEÅd)"mwfwdkYonf tvSLcH,lukef\/(tm,mwemed'geH
y#d*¾PSEÅd) tm,wewdkYonf tvSLcHukef\ ponfjzifh y&rw¬opömtm;jzifh
a[mMum;awmf rlcJhaomf owå0gwdkYonf rodEdkifcJh&m(cE¨mawGu tvSLcHw,f?
"mwfawGu tvSLcHw,f)qdkwm bmygvdrfh ponfjzifh rodjrifEdkifbJ jyif;pGm
awGa0jcif; jzpfcJh&m\/ (yk*v ¾ m y#d*P ¾ SEÅd) yk*d¾KvfawGu cH,lMuukef\/ (oDv 0aEÅ
y#d*¾PSEÅd) oDv&SdolawGu cH,lMuukef\/ þodkY ponfjzifh orkwdopöm
a'oemtm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrcl &hJ mygonf/ odYk aomf t&d,mwdYk wu,fojd rif&rnfh
opömum; y&rw¬opömomvQifjzpfygonf/
xyfqifhí &Sif;ygOD;rnf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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k w
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,ck 'ku©opömt&mü tu,fí yÚöKyg'geu©cE¨myd'ku©? þrQoma[mcJhaomf
(Oyg'gefwdkY\ pGJ&mjzpfaom cE¨mig;yg;onf 'ku©opömrnf\/)[líomjzpfí
þrQaompum;rQjzifh owå0gwdkYonf cE¨mig;yg;\ 'ku©opömtjzpf tvG,fwul
xifjrifo&d EdS ikd Mf urnfr[kwaf y/ xdYkaMumifh 'kuo
© pöm rlvblwjzpfaom ½kyef mrfcE¨m\
'ku©opömtrSefvG,fvG,f odjrifEdkif&ef Zmwdyd'ku©m? Z&myd'ku©m? r&PrÜd'ku©H?
ponfjzifh a[mazmfñeT jf yawmfrcl yhJ gonf/ (y#doaEäe&jcif; 'ku?© td&k jcif;vnf;'ku?©
ao&jcif;vnf;'ku©) þodkYtm;jzifh 'ku©opömudk o½kyfazmfatmif xkwfaqmif
awmfrlcJhygonf/
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odvm&ygonf/ Zmwd'ku© paom tusdK;\ taMumif;&if;udk vdkufMunfhaomtcg
½kyfemrfcE¨mudk awGU&yg onf/ xdktcgt&if;ppfawmh tjrpfajru[lbdodkY 'ku©awG
twdck sKH ;vdu
k af wmh Oyg'geu©Em¨ wnf;[laom ½kyef mrfcE¨m y&rw¬opömonf 'kuo © pöm
trSefwnf;[lí odjrifEdkifygawmhonf/ t&aumufw&m;jzifh &Sif;jyygOD;rnf/
(1) avmuDpdwf? {uoDwd? avmbMuOfapwodwf? {uynmo? ½kyft|0Doonf
'ku©opömrnf\/
(2) avmbonf ork',opömrnf\/
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(4) edAÁmefonf eda&m"opömrnf\/
þodkY t&aumufw&m; udk,ftm;jzifhvnf; t&d,mwdkY odjriftyfaom
opömonf y&rw¬opömjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;vSayownf;/ þodkYqdktyfcJhNyD;aom
&Sif;vif;csufwdkYt& &SifÓPwdkY\ t,l0g'onf Ak'¨\t,l0g'ESifh ajzmifhajzmifh
qefYusifbufjzpfaom rdpämt,lrSm;rsm;om jzpfonf[lí pdppfoHk;oyfawmf
rlMuygonf/
tbd"r®ma'oemudk bk&m;&Sifu rnfolYtm;rQ ra[mcJh
apm'uwifvTm- pmyk'f(10)t&¤if;? "r®ylZm pmtkyf pmrsufESm-275t&¤if;?
a&;om;xm; onfrSm... jrwfpGmbk&m;u tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk rnfolYudkrQ
a[mMum;xm;jcif ; r&S d a Mumif ; [l í ¤if ; ? pk ' d w u OD ; ÓP? OD ; *k P wd k Y \
aemufqHk;wifvTm pmyk'f(10)ü wynfhawmfwdkYonf tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[myHk?
rdrdqifjcifrdovdk trSeftwdkif; wifjycJhaomfvnf; ponfjzifh ¤if;taMumif;udk
twdtvif; &J&0J 0hH ?hH rwGeYfrqkw?f r[kwrf rSef a&;om;í ,lqaeMujcif;rSm &SiÓ f PESihf
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ y&d,wådwnf;[laom e,fjyifus,f? a&yifv,fc&D;odkY uRrf;usif
vdrm® yg;eyfpmG ESihf ESUH pyfatmif ul;cwfouf0ifí rSwrf wS of m;om; oifMum;zl;ao;jcif;
r&SdonfrSm xif&Sm;íaeygaMumif;? &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf tbd"r®m\
tajccHjzpfwJh rmwdum taxmufqdk½dk;udkyif oif,lzl;ygu (odkYr[kwf) rSwfrSwf
om;om;? awGU&So d wd&rdygu tbd"r®ma'oemawmfukd bk&m;&Sif b,fyb kH ,fenf;jzifh
b,fyk*d¾Kvftm; a[mMum;xm;cJhjcif;? b,fenf;ESifhwzef b,fyk*d¾Kvftm; wqifh
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
a[mMum;cJh jyefjcif;? ponfwYkd ukd tcuftcJ oHo,uif;vGwcf g vG,v f , G u
f ul yl if
odEdkifMurnfomjzpfygonf/
tu,fí &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf rdrdwdkYpdwfxJwGif tbd"r®m
a'oem[m bk&m;u wdkuf½dkufa[mxm;wJh a'oem [kwfrS[kwfygav&JUvm;[k
oHo,jzpfaecJhygvQif rdrdwdkYxuf odvdr®mwJh av;pm;&rnfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;xH qnf;uyf
ar;jref;? aqG;aEG;ygu rdrdwdkYodvdkaom trSefw&m; wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ESifhyif
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; ay:vmrnfomjzpfygonf/
þod k Y rd r d w d k Y rod a om w&m;rrS e f a ompum;ud k vl o d & S i f M um;?
wdkif;jynfausmfMum; oGm;atmif jyKvkyfzdkYum; rvdktyfyg/
,ckaomfum; &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[mMumif;?
rdrdwdkYvnf; aumif;pGmrod&Sd? pmayudkvnf;rMunfh½I? ar;jref;rIudkvnf; rjyKvkyfbJ
rdrdwdkYpdwfxJrSm [kwfaeNyDrSefvSNyD[k xifvmwJhtwdkif; rqdkif;rwG wdkif;odjynfod
xif&Sm;ausmfMum;oGm;atmif tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[m[k &efukefNrdKU EdkifiHawmf
oHCr[mem,utzGJU xdatmif omoema&;avQmufxm;vTmxJwGif xnfhoGif;
a&;om; avQmufxm;rIrSm rdrdwdkY\trSm;udk wdkif;jynfu odatmif xif&Sm;
ausmfMum;oGm;atmif aMumfjimpm jzefYa0urf;vSrf; vdkufjcif;yif jzpfygawmhonf/
xdkYjyif ¤if;wdkYESpfyg;aemufrS bmoma&;t& tm;udk;
wpfcjk yKum ud;k uG,q f nf;uyfaeMuaom (odYkr[kw)f &SiÓ f P wdYk\w&m;udk trSe[ f k
,lqaeMuaom 'g,um 'g,dumr wdkYtm;vnf; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfü
tm;udk;av;pm; ,HkMunfrIo'¨gw&m; enf;yg;oGm;atmifjyK&mvnf; a&mufoGm;
ygawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh bk&m;a[mtrSefjzpfwJh tbd"r®m a'oemawmfudk &SifÓP
ESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu bk&m;&Sifa[mxm;wJh a'oemr[kwf? xdkxdkusrf;*efxJrS
aumif;Edk;&m&mudk xkwfEkwfa&;om;xm;wJh a'oemjzpfonf[k t½dktaoenf;yg;
ayghayghqqESifh tav;*½kjyKp&m rvdkvSaom w&m;[laom tajctaeodkY
a&muf a tmif y if ajymjya&;om;xm;Mujcif ; rS m ,xm"r® o moem[l a om
tbd"r®ma'oemawmfukd tm;enf;oGm;atmif ysufjy,fomG ;atmif jyK&mvnf; a&muf
aeygawmhonf/
tbd"r®myd#uwfukd ygVdawmftm;jzif¤h if;? t|uxmtm;jzif¤h if;? #Dum paom
tm;jzif h ¤ if ; ? taumuf q d k ½ d k ; enf ; rsm;jzif h ¤ if ; ? pepf w us uRrf ; usif v d r ® m
ausausvnfvnf roifMum;zl;ygbJvsuf tbd"r®ma'oemawmfESifhpyfaom
obm0"r®wdkYudk þum;trSm;? þbmomtrSef[k oHk;oyfa0zef a[majym
jyoaeMuvQifum; t|omvdedt|uxmq&m\ oHk;oyfa0zefxm;aom pum;
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
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"r®0[
twdkif;om rkcsraoG jzpfEdkifay&m onf/
tbd"r®m? 'kyÜ#dyÜaEém? "r®pdE´H? tbdZm0aEÅm
tpdaEÅ,sedyd pdaEÅwd wawmpdwåau©yH ygykPmwd (t|omvDed-24)
jrefrmtw¬/ tbd"r®m[laom emr½ly y&dapä'uxmü cRw, f iG ;f azmufjyef rrSeu
f efwhJ
rdrdwdkY\ t,ltqtawG;tac:tm;jzifh avhvmpdwful;tBuHtpnfxl;aom
yk*¾dKvfonf rdrdtBuHtpnf ,lqEdkifonfh udk,fydkifÓPtiftm;udk ausmfvGefí
oAÁnKwÓP ponfwdkY\ t&mXmeudk BuHpnf pÚf;pm;um tawG;tac:e,f
ausmfvGefoGm;aomolonf pdwfpÚfrrSef azmufjyefaxGxl; ½l;oGyfpdwfaemufjcif;odkY
a&mufay&m\/ (þum; t|uxmq&m\oHk;oyfcsuf jzpfygonf/)
tbd"r®ma'oemonf bk&m;a[ma'oemjzpfaMumif; t|uxmq&m\
oHk;oyf a0zefcsuf/
(u) rmw&H yrkcHuwm wómynmo awZom? tbd"r®m uxmr*¾H? a'0geH
orÜ0wå,d/
( c) ,Ha'0 a'a0ga'0geH? a'aowGm e,awm yke? ax& ,xmedykwåó?
orm0du©dem,awm/
( *) taemwwå ' a[ uwGm? OygXmeH ra[odaem ,ÚöokwGme aomaxa&m?
tm[&DwGmr[DwvH/ (tXomvDed-1)
jrefrmtw¬/ / ewfvlwdkY\ xdyfyef; &[ef;wdkY\q&mjzpfawmfrlaom oHk;vlYocif
bk & m;oQif u d k , f a wmf j rwf o nf ajcmuf 0 gtvG e f ck E S p f 0 gajrmuf 0 ,f
wm0wð o mewf j ynf ü 0guyf a wmf rl N yD ; vQif r,f a wmf a [mif ; jzpf c J h z l ; aom
oEÅKódwewfom;udk tBuD;trSL; OD;pD;acgif;aqmifjyKawmfrí l pBuFm0Vmwaomif;rS
tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk Mum;em&eftwGuf canmif;qnf;uyf vmMuukefaom
ewfjA[®mtaygif;wdkYtm; 0gwGif;oHk;v&ufaygif; (90)umvywfvHk; aeYnrjywf
toHrpJ tvGefus,f0ef;pGm (0dwåm&e,a'oem)tm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf
a[mMum; awmfrlcJhygonf/
þum; tbd"r®m a'oemawmfudk tus,f0efqHk;enf; (0dwåm&e,a’oem)
tm;jzifh wm0wðomewfwdkYtm; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
xdkYjyif xdk0gwGif;üyif ewfwdkYtm; a[mMum;awmfrlpÚf aeYvnfaeYcif;rSm
qG r f ; bk Ú f ; ay;awmf r l j cif ; ponf j zif h tem;,l & mjzpf w J h [d r 0EÅ m awm0,f
te0wwftdkifteD; pEúl;awmrSm acwåtyef;ajz&if; oDwif;oHk;íaeawmfrlpÚf
qGr;f uyfvyk af uR;? cpm;jcif;iSm a&mufvmaom &Sio f m&dywk må rax&fjrwftm; cspo f m;
om&dykwåm? igbk&m;onf wm0wðom ewfwdkYtm; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk ,aeY
þe,rS þe,txd a[mawmfrlcJhonf[k (oacFye,) tusÚf;qHk;enf;tm;jzifh
&Sifom&dykMwm rax&fjrwftm; a[mMum;awmfrlcJh ygonf/
þum; tbd"r®ma'oemawmfudk tusÚf;qHk;enf; tm;jzifh &Sifom&dykMwm
rax&fjrwftm; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
wzef &Sifom&dykMwmrax&fjrwfrSwqifh a&S;tcgu uóybk&m;&Sif
vufxufawmf0,f vif;EdkYom;jzpfNyD; tbd"r®m w&m;awmfudk em,lMuzl;aom
&[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm; &Sifom&dykMwmrax&fu tbd"r®ma’oemawmfudk rusÚf;vGef;
rus,fvGef;(emwdoacFy-emwd0dwåm&) e,enf;tm;jzifh a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygonf/
¤if;&[ef;ig;&mwdYkrw
S qifh qifuh J qifu
h J a[mMum;í ydYkcsoif,v l mcJMh u&mrS
,ckwdkifatmif pÚfqufrjywf ydkYcsoif,lvmcJhMuygonf/ ,ck toHk;jyKvsuf&Sdaom
tbd"r®ma'oemawmfenf;rSm &Sio f m&dyMk wmrax&f a[mMum;awmfrcl w hJ hJ (emwd,acFy
emwd0dwåm&)e, rusÚf;vGef; rus,fvGef;aom tbd"r®m a'oemawmfenf;
jzpfygonf/
þodkYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,fwdkifu tbd"r®m a'oem awmfudk...
(1) 0dwåm&e,a'oem/ tus,fqHk;enf;jzifh wm0wð omewftm;¤if;/
(2) oacFye,e a'oem/ tusOÚf;qHk;enf;jzifh &Sifom&dykMwmrax&ftm;¤if;
(3) emwdoacFyemwd0dwåm&tm;jzifh &Sifom&dykMwmrax&fu &[ef;ig;&mwdkYtm;
onfrQruao;yg/ "r®ylZm bk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf; pmrsufESm 274ü...
þtbd"r®mrsm;onf jrwfpmG bk&m; ESv;kH om; tmabm*BuD; jzpfMu½Hrk Qru t&Sib f &k m;
EIwfawmfxGufxGuf &Gwfí rdefYcJhcsufrsm;[k wynfhawmfwdkY odem;vnfaerdcJhcsufrsm;
jzpfygonf bk&m;/ þodYk ponfjzifh tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kw[ f í l twdtvif;
a&;om;azmfjyxm;cJhMuayonf/ þü Ak'¨\bmodwudk tbmodu[k qdkjcif;jzifh
Ak'¨\ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfjrwfudk &SifOmPwdkYonf wm;jrpfy,fzsuf vdkMuonfrSm
xif&Sm;vSygawmhonf/
þuJhodkY bk&m;a[mtbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[lí y,fjrpf&mü
t|uxmq&m&S i f j rwf o nf t|uxmü þod k Y rd e f Y qd k a wmf r l c J h o nf u d k
awGU&SdrSwfom;xm;Mu&ygonf/
t|omvdedt|uxm pmrsufESm (31)wGif...
tbd"r®H y#dAm a[aEÅm-Zdepauú ywm&H? a'od?
oAÁnKÓPH y#dAm[wd? owåKa0om&ZÓPH? y#ded0awåod?
aomwlumry&doH? 0doH0ga'wd? t&d,ra*¾? tm0&PH AE¨wd?
t|m&ook ab’u&0wåKok {uo®ð oEÅdówd/
Oau©yed, ur® wZÆed, ur®m& a[ma[mwd? wH wH
ur®HuwGmOa,sm aZwaAÁm *pä 0dCmoma'g [kwGm Zd0dóodwd/
jrefrmjyef/ / tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[k wm;jrpfolonf þjrwfpGmbk&m;\
omomemawmf[laom pum;ü ykwfcwfonfrnf\/ oAÁnKwÓPfawmfudk
wm;jrpf\/ bk&m;&Sif\a0om&ZÆÓPfawmfudk qkwfepfap\/ Mum;emjcif;iSm
tvdk&Sdaom y&dowfudk trSm;rSm;t,Gif;,Gif; ajymqdkap\/ t&d,mjzpfaMumif;
tusifhvrf;ü ydwfqD;umuG,f aMumif;jzpfaom pnf;½dk;udk zGJUpnf; umuG,fonf
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
rnf\/ wq,fh&Spfyg;aom ab'u&0w¬KwdkYwGif wckaom0w¬Kü xif&Sm;\/
Oau©yeD,uH? wZÆed,uHudk jyKxdkuf\/ xdkxdkuHudkjyKí ]oGm;avmh? pm;p<uif;udk
pm;onfjzpfí toufarG;&vwHh} þodkY ajymqdkESifxkwfjcif;iSmxdkuf\/
þod k Y rd e f Y Mum;csuf t|uxmpum;&yf j zif h Ak ' ¨ \ tbd " r® m ud k
bk&m;a[mtjzpfrS wm;jrpfolonf...
(1) Ak'ömoemawmfwnf;[laom pufBuD;udk xdk;ESufzsufqD;ol rnf\/
(2) xdkodkY zsufqD;aomtm;jzifh þw&m;rsdK;udk bk&m;ra[mEdkif[kqdk&m a&muf&um;
oAÁnKwÓPfawmfudkvnf; wm;jrpfonfrnf\/
(3) (tEÅ&m,du"r®udk tEÅ&m,du"r®[k¤if;? ed,smedu"r®udk ed,medu"r®[lí¤if;?
Ak"¨jzpfaMumif;udk¤if;? tmoa0g ukefaMumif;udk¤if;? þav;csufü uefYuGuf
zsufqD;vmcJhaomf vGefpGm&Jwif;? ajz&Sif;EdkifaomÓPfawmfonf a0om&ZÆÓPf
rnf\/) þae&mü oAÁnKwÓPf (Ak'¨tjzpf)udk wm;jrpf&um; a0om&ZÆÓPfudk
qkwfepfaponfrnf\/
(4) tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[lí qdkjcif;jzifh tbd"r®mudk em,lvdkaomolwdkYudk
rem,lcsifatmif ydwfyif&m a&mufaomaMumifh em,lvdkolwdkYudk vGJrSm;ap
(rem,laponf)rnf\/
(5) xdo k Ykd rem,lojzifh ½kyef mrfw&m;udk ydik ;f jcm;í rodEikd &f um; t&d,mjzpfzYkd vrf;0,f
pnf;½dk;BuD;udk wm;qD;zGJUxm;onfrnfawmh\/
(6) ab'u&0w¬K (oHCmuGJjym;jcif;\taMumif;) (18)yg;wGif ]bmodwH vydwH?
wxm*awe tbmodwH tv0dwH wxm*awem wd 0'wd} (bk&m;a[m tbd"r®mudk
bk&m;ra[m[líqdkjcif;) [laom ab'u&0w¬K 18yg;ü yg0if xif&Sm;íae\/
(7) bk&m;a[m tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[mr[kwf[lí jiif;ckHjcif;onf 0d0g'rnf\/
tbd"r®mw&m;awmf\ tjrifudk ajymjcif;[laom "r®t0PÖomoevnf; jzpf\/
(8) xdkuJhodkYaom yk*¾dKvfudk Oau©yed,uHvnf; jyKxdkuf? wZÆed,uHvnf;
jyKxdkufawmh\/
(9) xdkYaMumifh xdkxdkuHrsm;udk jyKvkyfNyD;aemuf ]pm;<uif;pm;? olawmif;pm;vkyfum
toufarG;í aeavawmh}[k ajymqdkí omoemawmfwGif;rS ESifxkwfvkduf&rnf/
þum; t|uxm pum;awmfwnf;/
þodkYjzpfcJhaomf tbd"r®mudk bk&m;ra[m[lí ajymqdka&;om;cJhMuaom
&S i f Ó P? &S i f * k P 0EÅ w d k Y onf rnf o nf h y k * ¾ d K vf r sd K ; jzpf a ecJ h o nf r S m
&Sif;jyzG,frvdkawmhatmifyif jzpfygawmhonf/ xdkodkYyifjzpfaomfvnf; tenf;i,frQ
pdppfa0zef&aomf þtbd"r®mESiyhf wfoufí oH;k oyfazmfjycsurf sm;ESihf tbd"r®m a'o
emawmf \ Ak ' ¨ b mod w ? bk & m;a[mjzpf y H k u d k t|uxm t&S i f j rwf o nf
tus,fw0ifhyif &Sif;vif;jyqdkawmfrlcJhygonf/ xdkrS wpdwf wa'orQ azmfjyaytHh/
(u) tbd"r®memr Ak'¨meH? a,0? 0doa,me tanwH?0doa,m?
tbd"r®mrnfonfh oAÁnKwbk&m;&SifwdkY\ t&mom jzpf\/ bk&m;rSwyg;?
tjcm;olwdkY\ t&mrjzpfEdkif/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
( c) a'0avmau aódw bma0g ygua#m? ewfjynfüa[mtyfonf\ tjzpfonf
xif&Sm;vS\/
þod k Y ponf j zif h wd w d u susñT e f j yawmf r l c J h y gonf / od k Y j zpf & um;
bk&m;&Sifvufxuf? tbd"r®maqmif? &[ef;awmft&SifjrwfwdkYrStp? o*Fg,em
ajcmufwef wifNyD;onfwdkifatmif bmp&d,y&rÜ&? odómEkodówdkY Ak'ÿg0pe?
y#du ygVd? t|uxmwdkYudk raysmufrysufatmif? EIwfwuftm*HkaqmifawmfrlcJhMu
jcif ; ? ayxuf t u© & m ausmuf x uf t u© & mwif í raysmuf r ysuf & atmif
q&mpÚfquf? oifMum;ydkYcs aqmif,l rSwfom;í xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmf
rlcJhMu&ygonf/
xdkodkY aqmif,lcJhMuojzifhvnf;bk&m;\ tqHk;tr okwåef? 0denf;?
tbd"r®m[laom yd#uwfoHk;jzm omoemawmfudk awGUBuHKMu&í rdrdwdkY\
bkef;uHyg&rDtavQmuf xdkufwefaom tusdK;w&m;wdkYudk cHpm;í aecJhMu&ygonf/
xd k Y aMumif h rd r d w d k Y ÓPf r rD rod r jrif r I j zif h ax&0g' yd # uwf ?
ygVd t |uxmwd k Y u d k rxd y g; ryk w f c wf x d k u f ry,f & S m ;xd k u f a y/ tu,f í
rdrd\ÓPfrrDwdkif; BuHpnfpÚf;pm; tjrifrSm;jzifh odkYr[kwf rdpämÓPa&SUoGm;?
wvrf;orm; wdkY\ a&;om;a[m ajymcsufwdkYudk avhvmrSwfom;í ukuúKpöoHo,
jzpfyGm;vmcJhaomf rdrdtwGuf epfemqHk;½HI;&awmhrnfum; rvGJEdkifawmhay/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf yd#uwfoHk;jzmü yHkrSm;rI jzpfyGm;vmcJhaomf &wemoHk;yg;üvnf;
,Hrk mS ;rIjzpf&awmhrnfrmS aocsmíae\/ ,if;odYk ,Hrk mS ;rIjzpfcjhJ yefvQif &wemoH;k yg;ESihf
uif;uGmí bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm wnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;udk y,fpGefYNyD;
jzpfayawmhrnf/
&wemoHk;yg;udk y,fpGefYNyD;jzpfyguvnf; omoemawmf\ tjyify
om;rsm;om jzpfMu&um; omoemtwGif;om;wdkYom &Edkifaom 'ge? oDv? orm"d?
ynm[l a om avmuk w å & mw&m;ud k ; yg;ud k &awmh r nf r[k w f a y/ ,if ; od k Y
tajccH t ES p f o m&wd k Y rS r&&S d c J h a omf ? xd k t ajccH t ES p f o m&wd k Y jynf h p H k r S
wufvSrf;&a&mufEdkifaom? r*fav;wef? zdkvfav;wef? edAÁmef[kqdktyfaom?
avmukwå&mw&m; tESpfom&rsm;&zdkY? a&mufzdkYum;? tdyfrufrQrufEdkifMuawmhrnf
r[kwfonfrSm xif&Sm;odomvSygawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh ,ck &SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYvnf; tbd"r®mudk bk&m;a[m r[kwf[lí
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yd#uwfo;kH yHw k Ykdukd t&Sirf [muóy? t&SiOf ygvd? t&Sit f meE´m? t&Sit f Ek½'k g¨ paom
t&d,rax&fjrwfrsm;? tpÚftquf qifhuJqifhuJ tm*Hk&Gwfqdkaqmif&Gufum
omoemawmftwGif;rS yd#uwfawmf raysmufrysuf tpÚftquf rjywfatmif
yifyef;qif;&JrIudk y"merjyKbJ bk&m;&Sify&dedAÁmef jyKaomESpfrS ,ckouú&mZf (1343)?
omoemESpf (2525)ckESpf rsm;xd oiftHydkYcs avhvmí aqmif&GufvmMu&mwGif
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yd#uwfawmfrsm; rSm;,Gif;onf[k¤if;? yd#uwfawmfrsm;udk tm*Hkaqmif&Gufvm
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a&;om;xm;yHkrSm- ¤if;wdkY\ omoemawmfa&;avQmufvTmpmrsufESm (27)ü
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tmykyfeHYjzifh tvdrf;BuHcH&aomaMumifh tmykyfeHY xGufaejcif; trSwftom;rsm;om
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jzpfMuygonf/
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r&Ekdifawmhjcif;? aemif 'kwd,b0ü ewfjynfodkYa&muf&rnfh tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk
r&Edkifjcif;[laom tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk cHpm;&rnfholrsm; jzpfygawmhonf/ þrQom
ruao;yg/
rSm;,Gif;aeaom ygVdawmfESifh t|uxmrsm;
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a&;om;xm;onfrSm...
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rSm;,Gif;vSí omoemawmfüw&m; aysmuf&onf[k odjrifNyD; 0dok'¨dr*fb,fvJ
trnfjzifh 0dok'¨dudk pmrsufESm(300)ausmfrQ&Sdatmif oHk;oyfjycJhygonf [lí¤if;?
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b,fvJ [k trnfwyfí oHk;oyfjycJhygonf[k¤if; a&;om;xm;ygonf/
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omoemawmf0,f usrf;aygif;rsm;pGmudk jyKpk a&;om;awmfrlcJhaom q&mawmfwpfyg;
jzpf y gonf / &[ef ; oH C mawmf r sm;twG u f tbd " r® w å o *F [ usrf ; \tzG i f h ?
y&rw¬’DyeDrnfaom v,fwD#Dumudk¤if;? ¤if;#Dum\ tzGifhjzpfaom tEk#Dumudk¤if;?
ed½kwåd’DyeD[laom o'´gusrf;wdkYudk¤if;? vlyk*dK¾ vfrsm;twGuf "DyeDusrf;aygif;rsm;pGmESifh
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jynfhpHkawmfrlaom q&mawmfBuD;yifjzpfygonf/
&[ef;&Sifvl cyfodrf;olwdkYvnf; tvGefav;pm; tm;xm;&wJh q&mawmf
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jrifae[ef&Sdygonf/
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cRwNf cHKusatmif rSm;,Gi;f vSí omoemawmfü w&m;aysmuf&onfukd odjrifNyD;[laom
pum;wdkYrSm 0dok'¨dr*fusrf;BuD;onf okwåef? 0denf;? tbd"r®m [laom ,ckvuf&Sd
t|uxmusrf;rsm; ra&;om;rD vufOD;qHk;a&;om;xm;aom t|uxmusrf;
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jzpfay&m\/
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(2) orm"dtzGifh cRwfNcHKusatmif rSm;,Gif;jcif;/
(3) ynmtzGifh cRwfNcHKusatmif rSm;jcif;/
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rdpämt,l0g' t&qdkvQif 0dok'¨dr*f\ oDv? orm"d? ynm tzGifhrsm;onf
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xdkYjyif þ0dok'¨dr*fusrf;\ tvdkt,ltqtwdkif; a&;om;zGifhqdkxm;aom
<uif;wJhokwåefpaom t|uxmrsm;onf¤if;? þt,ltqtwdkif; bk&m;&Sif
a[mMum;awmfrlaom ygVdawmfrsm;? t|uxm #Dum paom usrf;rsm;\ oDv?
orm"d ? ynm tzG i f h r sm;onf ¤ if ; ? trS m ;awG c snf ; om jzpf & ayawmh r nf /
trSefw&m;[líum; yd#uwfoHk;yHkü wusrf;wzGJUrS r&SdEdkifawmhay/
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t"dynmodu©m[laom t|omvdeD t|uxmpum;jzifh oDv[laomyk'ft& 0de,
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oHk;yHkvHk;yif rSm;,Gif;aeayawmhrnf/
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jzpfaewJh &SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ r[mrdpäm'óe BuD;rm;vSpGmaom r[mtrSm;
ydkif&SifwdkY\tjrifrQom jzpfygawmhonf/
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trnfwyfí oHk;oyfapcJhygonf[l&mü...
rdvdEýÚ§mac: rdvdE´rif;BuD;\ tar;ykpämjyóemwdkYudk ajzMum;awmfrlaom
t&Sifem*aoem rax&fjrwfrSm omoemawmfESpf (500)ausmfu a,meuwdkif;
om*vjynf&h iS f bk&if rdvEd r´ if;BuD;\ tar;ykpmä jyóemwdYk ukd omoemawmfwckv;kH ?
uka#t&mrQaom &[EÅmrax&fjrwfrsm;rSm rajzMum;Edik o f jzifh awmt&yf ponfwYkdoYkd
xGuaf jy;aecJMh u&mrS wm0wðomewfjynfoYkd tó*¾KEÅrax&ftrSL;&Sad om rax&frsm;
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tar;ykpämrsm;udk ajzMum;cg omoemawmfudk jyKpkapmifha&Smufay;yg[lí awmif;
yefaomaMumifh vlYjynfoYkd vma&mufí &[ef;jyKcg rdvEd r´ if;BuD;\tar;ykpmä jyóem
tm;vHk;udk ajzMum;&Sif;vif;? a[mMum;awmfrlaom y#dorÇdcgav;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkaom
&[EÅmrax&f &Sifr[mem*aoe yif jzpfygonf/
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cRwfvGJazmufjyef rrSefruef avhvmoHk;oyfrIomjzpfEdkifygonf/ rsufarSmuf
omoemudk csmvnfywf&rf;aponf[k qdkjcifrSm omoemawmfudk cRwfacsmfvGJrSm;
ysuf,Gif;NyD; vrf;rSm;odkYa&mufaponf[k uJh&JUpGyfpGJ&m a&mufaeojzifh &SifÓP ESifh
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bmPuaqmif yk*¾dKvfwdkYrS ,ckacwf txdwdkifatmif bmPuaqmifaom
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rod? rjrif? ruRrf;usifbJ "r®udkaqmifxm;Muolrsm;[k arm[ma&myeodkY wifNyD;
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tmykwfeHYESifh EdIif;cdkif;í &uf&ufpufpuf uJh&JUpGyfpGJjcif;wdkYaMumifh¤if;?
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t&d,ly0g'uH qdkufaeMuolrsm;om jzpfMuygonf/
t|uxm q&m\ oHk;oyfcsuf
t&d,meH Oy0g'umwd Ak'¨? yapöuAk'¨? Ak'öm0umeH
t&d,meH? Oyg0g'um? tEÅdr aom*d[D? aomwmywåd*re
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um? tawåmoum? t&d,ly0g'g 0kwåHa[mwd/
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&Sif*kP0EÅajz/ arwåmw&m;udk tajccHí psmefw&m;ig;yg;udk&&SdcJhygonf/
txuf y g ar;cG e f ; ES p f & yf \ tajzt& arwå m w&m;ud k y G m ;rsm;ojzif h
psmefw&m;ig;yg;vHk; &&Sdxm;aMumif; xGufqdkxm;ygonf/
pdppf&efrSm...arwåmw&m;onf yxrpsmef? 'kwd,psmef? wwd,psmef? pwkw¬psmef
av;yg;udkom jzpfapEdkifygonf/ arwåmw&m;udkyGm;rsm;ojzifh yÚörpsmefudk
rjzpfapEdik yf g/ &Si*f P k 0EÅwYkd \tajzrSm arwåmw&m;udk yGm;rsm;ojzifh yÚörpsmefuykd g
&&Sdaeovdk ajzMum;xm;ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh yGm;rsm;aomw&m;ESifh &&Sdaompsmefw&m; udkufnDjcif;r&Sdygí
þtajzrSm jynfhpHkvHkavmuf wdusrSefuefaom tajzr[kwfEdkifyg/ xdkYaMumifh
a&SUaemuf pum;rnDñGwf[k oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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ppfudkif;NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJUu a&G;cs,fzGJUpnf;ay;tyfaom
oHC0dedpä, tzGJU\ cHk½Hk;oHk;oyfcsuf (aumufcsuf)
(vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;tydk'f-42)
oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1)
1343 ckESpf? 0denf;"r®uHrIcif;trSwf (1-81)
apm'u OD;pdk;jrifh v^x wdkif;omoema&;rSL;? ppfudkif;NrdKUESifh
pk'dwu(1) &SifOmP a&Tjrifwifawmif? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? ppfudkif;NrdKU/
pk'dwu(2) OD;*kP0EÅ tEkyg'g,Ofaus;rIausmif; ,if;rmawm&Gm?
0ufvufNrdKUe,f
wdkY\
tEk0g'g"du½kPf;rIwGif...
&SifÓPç&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu &efukefNrdKU? EdkifiHawmf oHCr[mem,utzGJUodkY
wifoGif;aom omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmü a&;om;xm;aom
wynfah wmf &SiÓ f Ponf udavomcyford ;f {Nidr;f jcif;wnf;[laom y#da0"aus;Zl;udk
qnf;yl;&&SNd yD;jzpfygonf[v k nf;aumif;? a&;om;avQmufxm;csuft& OD;pd;k jrifh wdik ;f
omoema&;vufaxmuf OD;pDrSL;u apm'ujyKvkyfí &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtm;
pwkw¬yg&mZdu tmywfoifhç roifh qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef avQmufxm;wifjypGJqdkaom
tEk0g'g"du½kPf;rIudk...ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? oHCr[mem,utzGJUu a&G;cs,fzGJUpnf;
ay;tyfonfh 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;ygaom oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1)u
apm'u\wifvTm pk'dwuESpfyg;wdkY\ omoemawmfa&;avQmufvTmyg pum;rsm;?
"r®yZl mbk&m;&Scd ;kd pmtkyrf mS ygaom tcsKd Utcsut f vufrsm; apm'uESihf pk'wd uwdYktm;
ppfaq;ar;jref;&mrS xGufqdkaom tcsuftvufrsm;? aemufqHk;wifoGif;vTmrsm;udk
Munfh½Ipdppfí NcHKiHkoHk;oyfum atmufygtwdkif; tusÚf;csKyf aumufcsufcsrSwf
vdkufMuygonf/
aumufEkwfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;
(u) &SiÓ f PESihf &Si*f P k 0EÅwYkdonf or®m'd|t d ,ljzpfaombk&m;t&Si\ f a'oemawmf
ESifh vHk;0 roufr0ifqefYusifbufjzpfwJh avmuNrJ[kvnf;r,l? rNrJ[kvnf;r,l&
[laom avmutjrifrSm;0g'? owå0gaoNyD;aemufjzpf\[kvnf; r,l&? rjzpf
[kvnf;r,l&[laom b0tjrifrSm;0g'rsm;udk wnfaxmifxm;ol (tEÅ*¾g[du
rdpäm0g'D) yk*dK¾ vfrsm;om[k 0ded,"&q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(c) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ trSm;awmfyHk/
(*) &SiÓ f PESihf &Si*f P k 0EÅwYkd onf udavomtmoa0gukecf rf;NyD;aom bk&m;&[EÅm
olawmfpifwdkYonfudavom(10)yg;vHk; uif;pif{Nidrf;NyD; jzpfaomaMumifh cDPmo0
[kac:&aom yk*dK¾ vfrsm;jzpfygvsuf ,if;wdkYESpfyg;u udavomtp&Sdaom w&m;rsm;
uif;pifoo l nf tdypf m;umrþoH;k 0udk jynf0h atmifjrifpmG taumif;Edik q f ;kH olrsm;om
jzpf&mygonf[ka&;om;xm;ojzifh bk&m;rsm;? yapöuAk'¨grsm;?&[EÅmrsm;tm;
*kPfaus;Zl;awmfrsm; ,kwfavsmh ysufjym;atmif BuHaqmifa&;om; pGyfpGJuJh&JU a&;om;
xm;jcif;omjzpfí &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf t&d,myk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; pGyfpGJaom
t&d,ly0g'uH xdkufae½HkrQru ,xm0g'D wxmum&D[laom a'oemawmftwdkif;?
ordik ;f wifrw
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&SifÓPonf udavomcyfodrf; {Nidrf;NyD;jzpfygonf[kvnf;aumif;? &Sif*kP0EÅu
aomwmyefjzpfygonf[v k nf;aumif;? 0efcx H m;olrsm;u þtdyrf I pm;rI umr*kPrf I
rsm;udk 4if;wdkYa&;om;xm;wJhtwdkif; rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkifyif avhvmusifhoHk;í aeolrsm;
avavm/ (odkYr[kwf) rdpäm0g'udk tajccHxm;í cDPmo0 yk*d¾KvfwdkYtm; r[kwf
rw&m; *kPfawmfysufjym;atmif wrifa&;om;xm;jcif;avm (odkYr[kwf) pdwf"mwf
rrSefazmufjyefaxGxl; ½l;oGyfaeolrsm;a&;om; xm;Muavoavm[k 0ded,"&
q&mawmfrsm;u ,lq oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(C) &SiÓ f PESihf &Si*f P
k 0EÅwYkd u ½kyef mrfy&rwfrsm;onfjrwfpmG bk&m;\ w&m;awmf
r[kw?f jrwfpmG bk&m;\w&m;awmf pm&if;üoGi;f í vH;k 0r&aom taeomjzpfonf[k
a&;om;xm;&mü jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemawmfenf;t&
r*fzv kd u
f vkd v
kd m;awmifwh aom trsKd ;aumif;om;orD;wdYk onf awblru d ocFg&jzpfwhJ
½ky"f r® emrf"r®uo kd m tedppö aomvu©Pma&;oH;k yg;jzifh ½Irw
S yf mG ;rsm;í r*fzv kd f edAmÁ ef
udk&EdkifMuonfjzpf&m ½kyfemrfrSwyg; tjcm;aomw&m; r&SdaomaMumifh ½kyfemrfudk
jrwfpGmbk&m;\w&m;r[kwf[k qdkjcif;onf t&d,mr*fw&m;udkwm;jrpfydwfyifbdkY&m
a&mufojzifh bk&m;&Sif\ a'oemawmfESifh qefYusifbufjzpfol rdpäm0g'Dyk*d¾Kvfrsm;
omjzpfonf[k 0de,"&q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(i) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf r*fav;wef zdkvfav;wef edAÁmefy&d,wåd[laom
q,fyg;aom w&m;awmfjrwfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\w&m;awmfr[kwf[lí qdkxm;
Mujyefygonf/ r*fzdkvf edAÁmefw&m;awmfrsm;onf bk&m;&Sifrsm; yGifhawmfrlcsdefjzpfwJh
omoemawmf x G e f ; y&m umvrsm;üom a0ae,sowå 0 gwd k Y t m;0#f o H k ; yg;rS
xGuaf jrmufap&ef ta&;BuD;qH;k y"mexm;í a[mMum;awmfrt l yfaom w&m;awmfrsm;
jzpfygvQuf &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu jrwfpGmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfr[kwf[k
qdxk m;&m bk&m;yGiahf wmfrv l mjcif;jzifh vlewfjA[®m owå0grsm;ü &&St d yfaom r*fzv kd f
edAÁmefxuf omvGefxl;jrwfaom tusdK;xl;w&m; r&Sdawmhyg/ ,if;wdkYESpfyg;onf
&[EÅmESiahf omwmyefy*k Kd¾ vrf sm;[k a&;om;avQmufxm;ol EIwjf zifx h u
G qf xkd m;\olrsm;
jzpfygvsuf r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudkrodrjrif&ao;ol r,HkMunfMuaMumif; xif&Sm;aeMuol
rdpäm0g'yk*dK¾ vfrsm;om jzpfMuonf[k 0ded,"&q&mawmfrsm;u ,lqoHk;oyfawmfrl
Muygonf/
( p) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu 'ku©onf cE¨mig;yg;ESifhwjcm;pD rqdk&yg/ edAÁmef
onfvnf; cE¨mig;yg;ESifhtjcm;pD rqdk&yg-[k jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYMum;cJhygonf[k
pGyfpGJa&;om;xm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;u 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;ESifh edAÁmefwdkYudk twlxm;&ef
b,faomtcgrQra[mMum;cJhyg/ taMumif;rSm...
(1) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u avmuDw&m;? edAÁmefu
avmukwå&mw&m;/
(2) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u tZÑwåw&m;? edAÁmefu
A[d'¨w&m;/
(3) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u ocFww&m;? edAÁmefuavmukwå&mw&m;/
ordik ;f wifrw
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(4) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u cE¨mjzifh a&wGuf&aomw&m;? edAÁmefu cE¨m0drkwåd
w&m;/
(5) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u'ku©ESifhork',opöm zGJU&wJhw&m;? edAÁmefu eda&m"
opömzGJU&wJhw&m;/
(6) 'ku©ESifhcE¨mig;yg;u 'ku©"r®rsm;omjzpfwJhw&m;? edAÁmefu oEÅdokc"r®
jzpf&m þodkYrwlxl;jcm;uGJjym; aomaMumifhwnf;/
&SiÓf PESihf &Si*f Pk 0EÅwYdku 'kuE© iS hf cE¨mig;yg;edAmÁ efwYkdukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u twlxm;í
rdeYf Mum;cJyh gonf[k qdjk cif;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m; ra[mMum;ygbJvQuf a[mMum;onf[k
r[kwfrrSef vkyfBuH pGyfpGJrIom jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkYESpfyg;onf t&d,myk*d¾Kvfrsm;[k
0efcHxm;Muaomfvnf; 4if;wdkY odjrifaomedAÁmefonf avmukwå&m edAÁmefr[kwfbJ
,if;wdYk \,lqcsut f & rdpmä 0g'jzifjh rifaom avmuDeAd mÁ ef omjzpfí'kuE© iS chf E¨mig;yg;
edAmÁ efwYkdukd a&ma&maxG;axG;jrifaeMuolrsm;[k 0de,"&q&mawmfrsm;u ,lqoH;k oyf
awmfrlMuygonf/
(q) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf yd#uwfoHk;yHk ygVdawmfrsm;udk omoem
tpÚftquf rjywfap&ef tm*kHaqmif,lvmMuwJh a&S;a&S;aom &SiftmeE´mrax&frS
tp &[EÅmyk*dK¾ vftxd jzpfaom t&d,mrax&fyk*dK¾ vfwdkYtm; "r®wåudk rodrjrifbJ
"r®rsm;udk tvGJvGJtrSm;rSm; aqmif,lvmMuolrsm;[k vnf;aumif;? yd#uwfawmf
rsm;udkvnf; rSm;,Gif;aeaom yd#uwfawmfrsm;jzpfí tmykyfapmfeHjcif; trSwftom;
rSm;ol[kvnf;aumif; a&;om;xm;Mu&m 4if;wdkYESpfyg;onf aomwmyeftp&Sdaom
t&d,myk*d¾KvfwdkYtm; tusdK;rJhjzpfatmif BuHaqmifa&;om;uJh&JUoljzpfí t&d,ly0g'
uHrSm tb,fenf;ESifhrS rvGwfEdkifyg/ ,if;wdkY ESpfyg;onf &[EÅm[kvnf;aumif;?
aomwmyef[kvnf;aumif;? &J0HhpGm0efcHxm;aomfvnf; t&d,myk*¾dKvfwdkY\
Ak't ¨ a0pöyom'*kPf oHCta0pöyom'*kPw f Ykd EiS hf qefYusifbufjzpfaom rSm;,Gi;f pGm
pGv
J ef;a&;om;xm;Muaom rdpmä 0g'Dy*k Kd¾ vfrsm;om[k 0de,"& q&mawmfrsm;u ,lq
oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(Z) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf 0#fqif;&J uif;&medAÁmefw&m;udk tvdk&SdMuaom
trsdK;aumif;om;orD;wdkYtm; avmbwPSmjzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkYtwGuf
0wfrI pm;rI aerI tpkpkwdkYudk awmifhwcifrifaeolwdkYtm; avmb(wPSm)r[kwf[k
a&;om;xm;Muolrsm;jzpf&m r[kwfrrSef pdwfxif&m&mudk awG;qa&;om;Muolrsm;
jzpfygonf[kvnf;aumif;/ edAÁmefudkvdkcsifawmifhwrIrSm avmb(wPSm)r[kwfyg/
ukodkvfqEómjzpfaMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? pm;0wfaecifrifaerIrSm (wPSm)avmb
om jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;? xdkxdkusrf;*efwdkYüxif&Sm;pGm yg&SdaeygvQuf wrif
oufouf Ak'¨0g'ygVdawmfrsm;udk ysufpD;atmif BuHaqmifxm;Muolrdpäm0g'D yk*d¾Kvf
rsm;[k q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(ps) txufygtwdkif; jyqdkcJhNyD;aom (u)rS (Z)txdtaMumif;t&myg pum;&yfrsm;
t& rdpmä 0g'D t,l&adS eol &SiÓ f PESihf &Si*f Pk 0EÅwYkdEpS yf g;u &efuek Nf rdKUEdik if aH wmfoC H
r[mem,ursm;xHoYkd avQmufxm;wJo h moemawmfa&; avQmufxm; awmif;qdv k mT ü
vnf;aumif;?"r®ylZmbk&m;&Sdckd;usrf;onfvnf;aumif; tvm;wlyif ,if;wdkYESpfyg;
ordik ;f wifrw
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trS m ;rS m ;t,G i f ; ,G i f ; a&;xm;wJ h tjcm;aompmapmif ? toH z rf ; ,l x m;wJ h
wdwaf cGrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? Ak'0¨ g'yd#uwfawmfrsm;ESihf qufpyfír&? y#dyu©om
jzpfEdkif&mayaomaMumifh þpmapmif ponfrsm;udk rdpäm0g' t"r®rsm;om[lí
vnf;aumif;/ þt,l0g'udk vufcH,HkMunfaeMuol &SifÓPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYESifh
wuG &[ef;&Sifvl yk*d¾Kvftaygif;wdkYtm; rdpäm0g'D yk*d¾Kvfrsm;omvQif jzpfonf[lí
vnf ; aumif ; ?þppf u d k i f ; Nrd K Ue,f oH C 0d e d p ä , rsm;tzG J U trS w f ( 1)tzG J U 0if
0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(n) &SifÓPtm; r*¾Owå&drEkó"r®udk ar;jref;&mwGifaomwmywådr*fudk&pÚfu
rnfonfhvu©Pm w&m;udk tajccHí&cJhonfudk rod&yg[k ajzqdkxm;ygonf/
usefaomr*foHk;yg;udk &&müvnf; tedpaö &m 'ku©a&m tewåvu©PmoHk;yg;vHk;udk
taMumif;tm;avsmfpmG yGm;rsm;&if;u &&dcS yhJ gonf[v k nf;aumif; ajzqdx k m;ygonf/
þodkYr*fw&m;av;yg;udk &&dSvmyHkrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;\ a'oemawmfenf;rsm;t&
owdw& rSwrf w S of m;om; wdusatmif rSepf mG rajzqdEk ikd [ f v
k nf;aumif;?r*fav;yg;
uy,fowfwJh y[Deudavom"r®rsm;udkar;jref;&müvnf;...
(u) yxrr*fu aemufb0jzpfrjzpf tawG;tac:wdkYudk y,fowfcJhygonf
[kvnf;aumif;?
(c) 'kw, d ESihf wwd,r*fuwPSm&m*Asmyg'wdYkukd y,fowfcyhJ gonf[v k nf;aumif;?
(*) pwkwr¬ *fu azmif;<uaewJh rmeudavomudyk ,fowfchJ ygonf[v k nf;aumif;
ajzqdkygonf/
þodYk r*fav;yg;vH;k y,fowfwhJ udavomudak r;jref;&müvnf; yxrr*fu
aemufb0jzpfrjzpftawG;tac:ukd y,fowfcJhygonf[k r[kwfrrSefraorcsm
rjynfhrpHk ajzqdkxm;jcif;wdkYaMumifh &SifÓPrSm avmukwå&mr*f tppftrSefrsm;udk
&&Sdol[kr,lqEdkifaMumif; q&mawmfrsm;u ,lqoHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(#) &Sif*kP0EÅtm; r*¾Owå&drEkó"r®rsm;ar;jref;&mwGift&m0w¬Ktm;vHk;udk
tedp½ö Iíaomwmywådr*fudk &&SdcJhygonf[k raorcsmodrf;BuHK;vHk;axG;í ajzqdkxm;
jcif;aMumifh &Sif*kP0EÅ onfvnf; avmukwå&mr*ftppftrSefudk {uef&&dSxm;ol[k
r,lqEdkifaMumif;0de,"&q&mawmfrsm;u oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
(X) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtm; psmeOwå&drEkó"r®udkar;jref;&mwGif &SifÓPu
r[*¾Kwfpsmefw&m; ig;yg;vHk;udk&&dSNyD; jzpfygonf[kvnf;aumif; ESpfyg;vHk;uyif
omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;vTmrSm pmESifhvnf;a&;? EIwfar;cGef;üvnf; txufyg
twdkif; um,ork|mefa&m 0gpmork|mefyg toD;oD;rdrdwdkYü psmeftbdnmÚfrsm;udk
&&dSMuaMumif; xGufqdkoGm;Muygonf/
odkY&mwGif 0de,"&q&mawmfu ar;jref;wJhatmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkum; rajzqdk
EdkifMuyg/
(u) psmefw&m;wdkYudk jzpfapEdkifaom "r®o½kyfrsm;?
( c) psmefw&m;u y,fpGefYxm;&rnfh yÚö*F0dy[de"r®rsm;?
(*) psmefw&m;u jynfhpHkap&rnfh yÚö*ForEéyx"r®rsm;ukd ar;jref;&müum; ESpfyg;
vHk;yif jynfhpHkatmifrqdkxm;bd eD;pyfatmifyif rajzqdkEkdifMuyg/
ordik ;f wifrw
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&SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf psmefESifhtbdnmÚfrsm;udk &Muygonf[k qdkxm;
aomfvnf; psmefw&m;rsm;&Edkif&ef y,fpGefY&rnfhw&m;rsm;udk ry,fpGefY&ao;vQif
(odkYr[kwf) ,cktxdyif rodMuao;vQifaomfvnf;aumif;? psmefw&m;rsm;jzpf&ef
jynfhpHkap&rnfhw&m;rsm; rjynfhpHkao;vQif (odkYr[kwf) ,cktxdyif rodMuao;vQif
om&wå#Dumq&m\ oHk;oyfcsuftwdkif; &SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY&&Sdaom w&m;rSm
a'oemawmfenf;t&jzpfxdkufaom psmeftbdnmÚfw&m;rsm; rjzpfEdkif? r[kwfEdkif
Muyg/ pmvGwfayvGwf ,lqa&;om;xm;wJh &SifÓP? &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ r[kwfrrSef
vkyBf uHa&;om;xm;aom psmeftbdnmÚfrsm;om jzpfEikd af Mumif;udk 0de,"&q&mawmf
rsm;u ,lqoHk;oyfawmf rlMuygonf/
(!) &SifÓPonf awmwGif;ü r[*¾Kwfw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;í t½lypsmefjzifh oHk;ESpfrQ
aexdkifcJhygonf[k a&;om;avQmufxm;csuft& psmef\q&mjzpfaom ajrvQdK;rdk;ysH
paomudprö sm;udk toH;k jyKí aecJzh ;l oavm[k 0de,"&q&mawmfrsm;u ar;jref;&mwGif
&SiÓ
f Pu psmeft*Fgrsm;udo k moH;k oyfNyD; aecJzh ;l ygonf/ ajrvQKd ; rd;k yspH aomudprö sm;udk
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zefqif;í r&Ekdifyg/ rdrd\ pdwfoEåmefxJrSmom zefqif;íjyEdkifygonf[k ajzMum;
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cH,l&awmh&ef&SdaMumif; omoema&;Xme 'kñTefrSL; OD;tHharmif ajymí od&ygonf/
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ordik ;f wifrw
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
492
wdkif;oHCem,utzGJU a&G;cs,fzGJUpnf;ay;tyfaom oHC0dedpä,
tzGJU\ qHk;jzwfcsuf
(vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;tydk’f-50)
wdkif;0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf (2^82)
aeYpGJ 1343 ckESpf? wefcl;vqef;(6)&uf? 1982 ck? rwfv (30)&uf
trItrnf-0denf;r®uHrIcif;? t,lcHapm’em0ifrI (2^82)
(u^1) apm’em0ifapm’u? OD;ÓP? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? a&T
jrifwifawmif? ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f?
ppfudkif;NrdKU/
(u^2) apm’em0ifapm’u? OD;*kP0EÅ? tEkyg’g,Úfaus;rI
ausmif;? 0ufvufNrdKUe,f? ,if;
rmawm&Gm? ppfudkif;wdkif;/
(c) apm’em0ifpk’dwu? OD;pdk;jrifh? vufaxmufwdkif; om
oema&;rSL;? wdkif;omoema&;
OD;pD;Xme? ppfudkif;wdkif;? ppfudkif;
NrdKU/
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1)\ 0denf;awmfESifh
rnDaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk y,fzsufay;&ef t,lcHapm’em0if
vTm wifoGif;aomtrIudk ppfaq;Edkif&ef ppfudkif;wdkif;oHCem,u
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
tzGJUrS a&G;cs,fzGJUpnf;ay;tyfonfhwdkif oHC0dedpä,tzGJU trSwf(2)
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
493
tzGJU0if 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf...
ep tmrdoH edó,? ep edów yk*v ¾ H
Oabm{aw 0d0aZÆwGm ,xmar®m? wxm*a&-
[lí y&d0g apm’emu@pmrsufESm (284)ü vm&Sdaom tEk0dZÆuwdkY
vdkufemusifhoHk;tyfaom xHk;enf;udk rcRwfr,Gif;aprlí/
(u) t,lcHapm’em0ifvTm?
( c) apm’u xGufqdkcsuf?
( *) pk’dwuwdkY\ xGufqdkcsuf?
(C) omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm?
( i) r®ylZmbk&m;&Sdcdk;usrf;/
( p) apm’uçpk’dwuwdkY\ aomemvTm?
(q) ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1)\ 0denf;
dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;-udk
tzefzef txyfxyf qifjcifoHk;oyfMunfh½Iawmfrlvdkí ,xmr®?
,xm0dedpä,jzpfatmif ygVdawmf? t|uxm? #DumwdkYESifh nd§EdIif;
awmfrlMuvQuf 0denf;w&m;awmfESifhtnD a&SUü oHk;oyfwifjycJhaom
trSwf(u? c? *? C? i? p) yg taMumif;w&m;rsm;udk axmuf
xm;í atmufygtwdkif; qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfaytHh/
(u) t,lcHapm’em0if &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\
avQmufxm;onfh vGJrSm;aomqHk;jzwfcsuf t
axmuftxm;rsm;(u? c? *? C? i? p) þtrSwf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
494
wdkYESifhwuG...
]½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/ ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f
trSwf(1) 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;\ wynfhawmfrsm;tm; (pwkw¬
yg&mZud)usaMumif; qHk;jzwfcsufudk y,fzsufay;&ef jzpfygonf
bk&m;}-[laom t,lcHapm’em0ifvTmudk (yvyf) awmfrlMuí/
( c) &SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY ESpfyg;vHk;yif (pwkw¬
yg&mZdu)tmywfoifha&mufMuonf[k ppfudkif;
NrdKUe,f? oHC0dedpä,tzGJU(1) 0de,& q&mawmf
rsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; oabmwl udk,fwdkif
vufrSwfa&;xdk;í qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfay;vdkuf
Muonf[laom qHk;jzwfcsufonf 0denf;w&m;
awmfESifh nDñGwfonfudk awGU&Sd&aomaMumifh ppf
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
udkif;wdkif;oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(2) 0ded,&q&m
awmfrsm;uvnf; tqdkyg (&SifÓPESifh &Sif*kP
0EÅ)wdkYtm; (pwkw¬yg&mZdu)tmywfoifha&muf
Muonf[k wnDwñGwfwnf; oabmwl udk,f
wdkif vufrSwfa&;xdk;awmfrlMuvsuf (NrdKUe,f 0ded
pä,)\ trdefYtwdkif; wnfap&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfawmfrlMuonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
495
ppfudkif;wdkif; oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(2^82) 0de,& q&mawmfrsm;
1/ OD;Owårmpm& arC0efausmif;/
2/ OD;Z0e ausmif;opfausmif;/
3/ OD;0drvAk’¨d uHrausmif;/
4/ OD;awaZmbmo rdk;uJausmif;/
5/ OD;ÓPmvuFm& rdk;aumif;ausmif;/
ppfudkif;wdkif; 0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(2^82)
ppfudkif;wdkif;^NrdKU/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
496
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
497
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
tydkif;(4)
18/ EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uodkY avQmufvTm
odYk
Ouú|
EdkifiHawmfoHCem,utzGJU
urÇmat;ukef;ajr
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 1344 ? uqkefvqef; (2) &uf/
taMumif;t&m/ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm
twGuf q&mawmfwdkY\ aqmif&GufcsufESifh
pyfvsÚf;í avQmufxm;jcif;
avQmufxm;ygonf
EdkifiHawmfoHCem,uq&mawmfrsm;bk&m;/
wynfYawmfwdkYonf vGefcJhaom wESpftcsdefu q&mawmfwdkY
xH omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qkdvTmwapmifudk quf
uyfcJhMuygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
498
q&mawmfwdkYonf þawmif;qdkvTmrS aqmif&Guf&rnfrsm;
udk a&SmifvTJEkdif&ef vrf;vTJay;cJhMuygonf/ omoemawmftwGuf
þrQr½dk;om;aomtjyKtrlrsm;ukd ½kyfodrf;í trSef aqmif&Guf&rnf
ukd tcsdefrDaqmif&GufMuyg&ef avQmufxm; awmif;qdktyfygonf
bk&m;/
q&mawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkY\ omoemawmfa&;
awmif;qdkvTmed’gef;yg y#da0"aus;Zl; avsmufxm;csuft& pwkw¬
yg&mZdujzifh wynfhawmfwdkYudk qHk;jzwfapcJhMuygonf/ atmuf½Hk;
tqifhqifhrS t½HI;ay;cH&NyD; ,aeYq&mawmfwdkYxH t,lcHcJh&onftxd
a&mufcJhNyDjzpfygonf/
þtjzpfü q&mawmfwdkY rsm;pGmvGJrSm;NyD; omoemawmf
twGuf r[mepfemrIjyKrdjcif;rsdK; rjzpfyGm;ap&ef &nfoefí wynfh
awmfwdkYavQmufxm;&rnf jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf trSefyif y#da0"omomoemawmf
ukd aqmifMuolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ omoemawmf\ rnfrQcufaom
jyóem? rnfrQeufaomjyóemjzpfap wynfhawmfwkdYtaeESifh vif;
csif;NyD; jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ tppftrSeftiftm;udk odomawmfrlMu
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
499
ap&ef q&mawmfwdkYudk jyóemwcsdKUwavxkwfEIwfí wifjyygOD;
rnf/
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü ukodkvftukodkvfudk tukef
tpif udk,fwdkifodjrifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol &dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü psmefr*fzdkvfESifh edAÁmefukd
udk,fwdkif&&dSNyD[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü tEko,udavomudk ukd,f
wdkifodonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&Sdygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü uHESifh0dygufwdkY\ qufoG,f
rIudk udk,fwdkifodonf[k 0efcHEdkifol &dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü &m*a’goy,fNyD;NyD[k 0efcH
Edkifol&Sdygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü a&SUaemufb0jzpfrjzpf (o
ów-Oapä’)t,lrSvGwfajrmufNyD[k 0efcHEdkifol &Sdyg
oavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü O’,AÁ,½Iaomtcg ork
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
wdy&rwft&d,m b,fopöm\ O’,AÁ, ½I&rnfjzpf
aMumif; cGJjcm;Edkifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü ]oaAÁocFg&m’ku©m]\ t&
aumufwGif ‘ku©jzpfaomocFg&udk uH?pdwf?Owk?tm[m&
[laom taMumif;rsm;xJrS b,ftaMumif;aMumifh jzpfvm
&aMumif; cGJjcm;ñTefjyEdkifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
500
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü ]oaAÁr®mtewåm]\ t&
aumufwGif tb,f oaAÁr®om tewåxdkufaMumif;
uGJuGJjym;jym;ñTefjyEdkifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü opömav;yg; ,EÅ&m;udk
wvHrQvlüwNydKifeufvnfatmif udk,fwdkifEdk;jyEdkifonf
[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü bk&m;\w&m;awmfwdkif;
udk w&m;awmf\ *kPft*Fg(6)yg;ESifh nDaMumif; &Sif;jyEdkif
onf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm/
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m; aumif;pGm
a[mMum;tyfaom opömtxGwf wifjyEdkifonf[k 0efcH
Edkifol&Sdygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü Ak’¨w&m;awmfrsm;ESifh vlom;
Nidrf;csrf;a&;\uGif;qufudk azmfjyEdkifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol
&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü oHk;q,fhwpfbHkukd tvHk;pHk
udk,fwdkifodjrifonf[k 0efcHEdkifol &dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü tEkyg’daooedAÁmefudk rsuf
arSmufü &&dSonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü y#dpo ö rkyÜg’fw&m;udk wvH
rQvlü vnfjyEdkifonf[k 0efcHEkdifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü Oyg’geu©E¨mESifh tEkyg’ge
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
501
u©E¨mudk wvHrQvlü uGJjym;atmif cGJjcm;jyEdkifonf[k
0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü &wemoHk;yg;\ *kPft&nf
tcsif;udk twdtvif;odonf[k 0efcHEdkifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü ig;yg;oDvudk ed,wjzpf
atmif vHkNyD[k 0efcHEkdifol&dSygoavm¿
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü avmuDtm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef
ESifh avmukwå&mvu©PlyedZÑmepsmefudk uGJjym;atmif
½SKEdkifonf[k 0efcHEkdifol&dSygoavm¿
Ä þax&0g’omoemawmfü t&if;&SifçuGefjrLepfpaom
EdkifiHa&;w&m;? [dE´Lçc&pf,efpaom aemifb0ESifh xm
0&w&m;? umrw&m;? ½lyw&m;? t½lyw&m;ESifh avm
ukwå&mw&m; þtm;vHk;aomw&m;wdkYonf ]w&m;om;
wckwnf;om jzpfaMumif;} odjrif a[mjyEdkifonf[k
0efcHEdkifol &dSygoavm¿
þuJhodkYaomjyóemrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif ajzqdkEdkifonf
[k 0efcHEdkifolrsm;onf þax&0g’omoemawmfü tuG,ft
aysmuf cHcJh&NyDuJhodkY jzpfygonf/ tu,fí &dSao;onfxifvQif
xkwfaqmifí ay;awmfrlMuapvdkygonf/ tppftrSefom r[kwfyg
u xdkoludkq&mawmfwdkYa&SUarSmufüyif pum;ajymp&m r&dSawmhbJ
qGHUtoGm;onftxd wynfhawmfrsm; vkyfjyvdkMuygonf/ t*Fvdyf?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
502
vufwif? ouúw? jyifopf? ygVdqdkif&m b,fbmoEÅ& ynm&Sif
rqdk vl&Sif&[ef;ra&G;? vlrsdK;bmomra&G; wynfhawmfrsm;&ifqdkif&ef
&dSygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf xdkynm&Sifrsm;uJhodkY bmoEÅ& ynm
A[kokwt&mü ruRrf;usifr,Úfyg;aomfvnf; þuJhodkYaom jy
óemrsm;\tajzudk oda,mifum;vkyfí ajymvmoltm; pum;ajym
p&mr&dSatmif vkyfEdkifumrQom r[kwfyg/ þuJhodkYaom jyóem
rsm;ukd ajyvnfatmifajzqdkEdkifonf[k wynfhawmfwdkYonf 0efcH
Edkif½Hkru wynfhawmfwdkY\ 0efcHcsufudk uefYuGuf[efYwm;ol[lí
(jrefrmüa&m urÇmüyg) ay:aygufírvmEdkifatmif jyKEdkifpGrf;&dSMuNyD
jzpfygonf/
ukodkvfçtukodkvfü tukeftpifudk,fwdkifodjrifNyD[k w
ynfhawmfwdkY\0efcHrI/
psmefr*fzdkvfESifh edAÁmefudk ukd,fwdkif&&dSNyD;jzpfonf[k wynfh
awmfwdkY\0efcHrI/
paom txufüwynfhawmfwdkYwifjycJhonfh 0efcHp&mtm;
vHk;ü wynfhawmfwdkY\ 0efcHrItm;vHk;onf wOD;wa,muf acs
zsufí ausysufEdkifaom0efcHrIrsm; r[kwfMuyg/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
503
q&mawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkY\tiftm;udk rsuf0g;
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
xifxifawGUjrifvdkMuonf xifvQif q&mawmfwdkY\a&SUarSmufü
ynm&Sifqdkolrsm;udk wynfhawmfwdkYtm; awGYqHkapm’em apoifhyg
onf/ xdkynm&Sifrsm; awGa0ai;armíaomfvnf; oGm;&ygrnf/
a’goxGuf [def;a[mufíaomfvnf; ajym&ygrnf/ odkYr[kwf
pum;wckjzifhpum;wckudk vSD;vTJíaomfvnf; ajymqdk&ygrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þodkY pdefac:0Hhonftxd tiftm;
&dSaomolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ þtiftm;rsm;onf jyify0ef;usifESifh
pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;rS &Mujcif; r[kwfyg/ y#da0"omoemawmfudk
aqmifpGrf;&mrS &&dSMuaomtiftm;rsm; jzpfMuygonf/
q&mawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkY\tiftm;udk rodrjrif
rqifjcifEdkifatmif jzpfaeMuygonf/ q&mawmfwdkY\pdwfü omoem
awmfonf y&d,wfrQom<uif;awmhonf[k rSwf,lvdkaeMu[ef
&dSygonf/ y&d,wfonf wynfhawmfwdkY\ tjrifü oifykefBuD;rQjzpf
í y&d,wfynm&Sifonf uav;t&G,f vlrr,frsm; jzpfíaeyg
onf/
uav;rsm;onf udk,fhudk,fudk,f rEdkifMubJ &dSao;ouJh
odkY y&d,wfynm&Sifrsm;onfvnf; udk,fhpdwfudk,frEdkifbJ avmb
jzpfvdkuf? a’gojzpfvdkufESifh jzpfaeMuygonf/ udk,fhudk,fudkyif
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
504
udk,frEdkif jzpfaeMuolrsm;onf omoemawmftusdK; avmutusdK;
udk tb,fodkYo,fydk;Edkifygrnfenf;/ udk,fhtudsK;udkyif udk,fro,f
Edkifolrsm; r[kwfygvm;/
xdkolwdkYonf udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; ukodkvftukodkvfudk
odonf[k ajymaumif;ajymwef&mygonf/ ukodkvf{u0Do?
tukodkvf’Gg’of ponfjzifh Muufwla&G;yrm yDyDoo&Gwfjyp&m
&dSygonf/ tu,f avmuHESifh &ifqdkif&aomtcgwGifum; Muuf
wla&G;acG;vdkufouJhodkY ]*d*d*J*J] toHNyJBuD;rsm;om xGufvmrnf
jzpfygonf/
trSefü y&d,wfrQom<uif;awmhaom ax&0g’omoem
awmfonf toGifrQom&Sdawmhaom omoem(0g) vd*Fomoem
jzpfaeygNyD/
toufr&dSawmhaom taoaumifonf aumif;udsK;ay;
awmhrnf r[kwfbJ qdk;jypfomay;rnftrSef jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
y&d,wfom<uif;awmhaom taoaumifomoemonf rMumrDyif
omoemh’g,umqdkolwdkY\ ajr‘rSKyfoN*dKvfrIudk cH&awmhrnf rvGJ
jzpfygonf/
omoemawmfonf y&d,wfrQjzifh toHk;usonf r[kwfyg/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
505
y#dywftoGifajymif;ír&aom y&d,wfonf y&d,wf r[kwfaom
(0g)y&d,wftwk jzpfygonf/ y#da0"odkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifaom
y#dywfonf y#dywfr[kwfaomy#dywf (0g) y#dywftwk jzpfyg
onf/ vlrIjyóemudk rajz&Sif;ay;Edkifaom y#da0"onfvnf;
y#da0" r[kwfaomy#da0" (0g) y#da0"twk jzpfygonf/
y&d,wfonf vlrI’ku©ajz&Sif;a&; oabmw&m;rsm; jzpfyg
onf/ tu,ftoHk;csír&aom y&d,wfonf *kPfr,lavmuf
aom t&mrQom jzpfygonf/ q&mawmfwdkYonf y&d,wfjzifh
*kPf,lí rmewHcGefukd wvlvlvTifhxlaeMuygonf/ þodkY rme
wuf<uaomfvnf; q&mawmfwdkY\ y&d,wfavmuü urÇmavmu
\ vlrIjyóemwckrQudk yDyDooajz&Sif;jyEdkifaom pum;wcGef;rQ
&dSMuonf r[kwfyg/
xdkodkYjzpfvQifq&mawmfwdkYonf omoemawmftwGuf rsm;
pGmvGJrSm;aom r[mepfemrIBuD;rsm;udk jzpfatmif wynfhawmfwdkY
awmif;qdkvTmtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&rnfrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;í raqmif
&Guf&rnfrsm;udk aqmifyGm;apcJhMuygonf/
þtrSm;rsm;ukd q&mawmfwdkY tcsdefrD jyifqifawmfrlMu&ef
þpmjzifhxyfrHíavQmufxm; tyfygonf/
jyifqif&rnfrsm;rSm...
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
506
(u) wynfhawmfwdkYtm; pwkw¬yg&mZdujzifh pGJqdkaprI?
(c) b0tjrifrSm;ESifh avmutjrifrSm;ESpfyg;udk rz,f&Sm;
rIrsm; jzpfygonf/
q&mawmfwdkYonf tjrifrSm;rsm;udk rz,f&Sm;vkdí tjrifrSm;
rsm; z,f&Sm;awmif;qdkaom wynfhawmfwdkYudk omoemawmfrS tao
owf&efBudK;pm;rIudk vGefusL;cJhMuygonf/ þvGefusL;rIudk jyifqif
&ygrnf/
þvGefusL;rIonf rsm;pGmBuD;av;aom vGefusL;rI jzpfyg
onf/ ax&0g’omoemawmf\ a&SUa&;udk rawG;0Hhatmif jzpfap
ygonf/ q&mawmfwdkY\ þtrSm;aMumifh aemifvmaemifom; ax&
0g’&[ef;awmftrsm; repfem&atmif BudK;pm;oifhMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf y#da0"omoemawmfudk trSefyif
aqmifpGrf;aeolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ omoemawmfrS tjrifrSm;rsm;
z,f&Sm;&ef wynfhawmfwdkY\ awmif;qdkrIonfvnf; y#da0"aqmif
&[ef; taejzifh omoemawmfudk vrf;ñTefay;jcif;yif jzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
507
r[kwf}[k todtrSwfjyKNyD; wynfhawmfwdkY\ t&d,opömomoem
awmfrS pGefYypf yxkwf&efom &dSawmhrnf jzpfygonf/
þavQmufxm;vTmonf aemufqHk;avQmufxm;vTm jzpf&
ygvdrfhrnf/ q&mawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkYu þodkY owd&ap&ef
pHepfwus avQmufxm;ygvQuf wifjycJhNyD;aom trSm;rsm;udk quf
vuf vGefusL;aeMuOD;rnfqdkvQif? q&mawmfwdkY jrefrmhax&0g’
oHCmudk t&d,opömomoemawmfrS pGefYypf yxkwfNyD;jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ t&d,opömomoemawmfrS q&mawmf
wdkY ax&0g’oHCmudk pGefYypfyxkwfcsdefukd wynfhawmfwdkYowfrSwf
vdkufygonf/ q&mawmfwdkYzGJUay;aom EdkifiHawmf0denf;dk&frsm;u
wynfhawmfwdkYudk tok’¨qHk;jzwf&ef n§dEdIif;atmifjrifNyD;aom tcsdef
onf wynfhawmfwdkY\ t&d,opömomoemawmfrS ax&0g’oHCm
udk pGefYypfyxkwfcsdefjzpfaMumif; q&mawmfwdkYudk ½dkaopGmavQmufxm;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
508
rdwåLudk^-
1/ wdkif;oHCmhem,u (ppfudkif;)?
2/ NrdKUe,foHCmhem,u (ppfudkif;)?
3/ aus;&GmoHCmhem,u (rif;uGef;)?
4/ ygwDokawoeXme?
5/ omoema&;0efBuD; (&efukef)?
6/ EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuúX (&efukef)?
7/ a’oygwDOuúX (ppfudkif;)?
8/ wdkif;aumifpDOuúX?
9/ NrdKUe,fygwD,lepf/
10/ NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD/
11/ wdkif;jynfolY&JwyfzGJUodkY ay;ydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
509
19/EdkifiHawmf0dedpä,odkY wdkif;0dedpä,okH;oyfcsufESifY
ordik ;f wifrw
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qkH;jzwfcsuftrSm;rsm; z,f&Sm;ay;&ef
apm’emvTm
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wqifhÊdkifiHawmfoHCmh0dedpä,Ouú|
1344? uqkefvqef;2&uf? 24-4-82
taMumif;t&m/ ppfudkif;wdkif;0dedpä,tzGJY\ qHk;jzwfcsufrSm;
rsm;y,fzsufay;&ef
t,lcHapm’emvTmygbk&m;/
avQmufxm;ygonfbk&m;-
ppfudkif;wdkif; vufaxmufomoema&;rSL; OD;pdk;jrifhESifh
ppfudkif;wdkif;? ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f rif;uGef;&Gm a&Tjrifwifawmif wynfh
awmf &SifÓPç&Sif*kPwkdY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCem,xH omoem
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
510
awmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qkdvTmü jzpfyGm;aom 0denf;r®uH
rIcif;trSwf2^82 udk ppfudkif;wdkif;oHCem,uu zGJUay;aom0dedpä,
tzGJUu 1343ck aESmif;wefcl;vqef; 6&ufaeYu tqHk;tjzwfjyKcJY
rSm;rsm; z,f&Sm;í qHk;jzwfay;&ef jzpfygonf/
z,f&Sm;ay;&rnfrsm;udk ravQmufxm;rD avQmufxm;&
jcif;\taMumif;udk a&S;OD;pGm avQmufxm;vdkygonf/ wynfhawmf
wdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf ax&0g’omoemhabmifrSm rae&
ae&atmif usm;pD;ig;pD;BudK;pm;aeMujcif;r[kwfbJ ax&0g’omo
emawmf repfemapvdkaomaMumifhom jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;&yg
rnf/
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awmfwdkYtwGuf Ak’¨\ y#da0"omoemawmfonf aysmufysufír&
awmhaomt&mjzpfí ax&0g’omoemhabmifü ae&onfjzpfap?
rae&onfjzpfap txl;tjcm;&dSvSrnf r[kwfawmhyg/
ax&0g’omoemawmfonfom t&d,mwdkYrS qdwfokÚf;
aom y#da0"rJhomoemao tjzpfodkYvnf;aumif;? tmPmjzifh
EId;qGrIaMumifh y&d,wfçy#dywfoufoufjzifh a&muf&ufcwf x<u
&rf;um;aeaom zkwf0ifaumifomoem tjzpfodkYvnf;aumif;?
ysufjym;cH&p&m &Sdygonf/
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ordik ;f wifrw
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wynfhawmfwdkYonf udk,fr&aomw&m;jzifh tb,f tusdK;
iSm &[ef aqmifMuygrnfenf;/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ b0tppftrSefudk
tu,f tav;teuf pdppfa0zefvQif {uefyif odEdkifygvdrfhrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYü udavomrsm; tu,frNidrf;bJ tNidrf;ajymíaum
jzpfEdkifygrnfwJhavm/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf udavomrsm; w’*FNidrf;udkvnf; od
onf/ 0du©rÇeNidrf;udkvnf; odonf/ xdkYaMumifh udk,fhtNidrf;udk
orkapä’Nidrf;jzpfaMumif;vnf; jywfom;ygonf/ umr&m*pdwfudk
y,fjcif;rsdK;ü nmjzef;í jzpfEdkifygrnfavm/ ]yef;aoyef;ñSdK;jcif;}
ESifh ]r*fzdkvfjzifh umr&m* pdwfudky,fjcif;onf a0;pGmaomt&m
rsm;jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh umr&m*pdwfudk y,fNyD;olonf yef;ao
yef;n§dK;jzpfjcif;rsdK; r[kwfaMumif;jywfom;pGm odygonf/ xdkenf;wl
wynfhawmfwdkYonfvnf; &&dSNyD;aom orkapä’tNidrf;udk w’*Fç
0du©rÇe tNidrf;rsdK; r[kwfaMumif; jywfom;&J&ifhaeygonf/
xkdYaMumifh ax&0g’omoemawmfxHrS wynfhawmfwdkY &,l
p&m pdk;pÚf;rQr&dSawmhyg/ ,aeY ax&0g’omoemawmfü &dSaeaom
y&d,wfçy#dywfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf jrpful;NyD;ol\
azmifyrm toHk;r0ifawmhomt&mom jzpfygonf/ oHCmawmf
[laom owif;oHk;azmfrsm;onfvnf; tjrifrSm tusifhrSm;rsm;
z,f&Sm;ajymif;vJ&ef toifh&dSvQifom wynfhawmfwdkY0rf;omp&m
jzpfEdkifygrnf/ þodkY r[kwfbJ ‘d|dwef;vef;? wPSmwef;vef;ESifh
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
512
b0c&D;Murf;udk &rf;avQmuf&eftxd rdkufrJaeMuolcsnf; qdkvQif
um; xdkrdkufrJolwdkYESifha0;atmifyif wrif BudK;pm;a&Smif&Sm;&OD;rnf
jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ax&0g’ omoemawmfxHrS &,lp&mjzpf
aom w&m;ESifhoHCmonf wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf&,lp&m r[kwf
jzpfygrnf/
trSefü wynfhawmfrsm;üom ax&0g’omoemodkY w&m;
awmf&wemtrSef? oHCmawmf&wemtrSefrsm; ay;tyf&ef &Sdaeyg
onf/ þ&nf&G,fcsufESifhyif EdkifiHawmfoHCmem,utzGJYodkY om
oemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmudk qufuyfcJhjcif; jzpfyg
onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf ax&0g’oHCmhabmifrS orPrsm;
jzpfMuaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkY&&dSxm;aom w&m;udk oHCmh
abmifrSm yxrqHk;csjyoifhonf? oHCmhabmifrS vufrcHvQif
vufrcHaomoHCmhabmifrS xGufcGmoifhonf/ xdkYaemuf vlom;
ordik ;f wifrw
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rsm;xH jzefYa0oifhonf/ þodkY cH,lMuygonf/ ax&0g’ oHCmh
abmifBuD; jyefUusJaeí b,fodkYcsjy&rnfrod jzpfum iHhqdkif;cJh&yg
onf/ oHCmhabmifBuD; pnf;vHk;pjyKonfESifh csjycJhMujcif; jzpfyg
onf/ þodkYjzifh wynfhawmfwdkYonfomvQif omoemawmftwGuf
[laompdwfxm;jzifh ax&0g’omoemawmf tepftemr&dSap&ef
avQmufxm;aejcif; jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
513
wPSmrmer&dSoltwGuf tpOfNidrf;at;aernf (wawm
rmembdor,m OyoaEÅp&dówd) jzpfygaomaMumifh wynfhawmf
wdkYtwGuf wyJwpufrQ tiJhtuGufr&dSbJ þodkYt,lcH apm’em0if
jcif; jzpfaMumif; a&S;OD;pGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh q&mawmfwdkYonf ax&0g’omoemawmf t
usdK;udk udk,fwdkifyif tppftrSef o,fydk;vdkvm;Muolrsm; jzpfMuyg
vQif NrdKUe,fESifhwdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;uJhodkY ayghwdaygqjzifh
ajredrfh&mvSHpdkuf rvkyfMubJ [kwf[kwf[wf[wf oHk;oyfppfaMum
Mu&rnf jzpfygonf/ pmESifhrnD ayESifhrudkuf[kqdkum rdrdawGYbl;
aom pmudkyif tdyÜg,frdatmif aumif;pGm aumufEdkifjcif;r&dSbJ
tvG,fwul jcpfypfvdkufjcif;rsdK;onf omoemawmftwGuf
aMumufp&mtaumif;qHk; trIudk jyKjcif; jzpfygrnf/
NrdKUe,fESifhwdkif; 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf pmudkyif teuf
tdyÜg,fus rSefuefatmifzwfEdkifjcif; r&dSbJ MuufajccwfcJhMu
onfudk apm’emvTmü txif;om;awGYjrif&ygrnf/ omoemawmf
onf y#da0"omoem r&dSaomfrS y#dywfy&d,wfü uRrf;usifvdr®m
Muao;onf[k wynfhawmfwdkY xifrSwfcJh Muygonf/ tu,fü
um; pmudk udk,fwdkifteufrxifbJ olrsm;tzGifhpmjzifh em;vnfae
Mu&&SmaomaMumifh y&d,wfuRrf;ol tu,fr&dSNyD/ (0g) pmudk
qdkvdkcsufay:xGufatmif zwfEdkifpGrf;ol tu,fr&dSNyD/ pmudk teuf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
514
rxifbJ zwfjcif; (0g) pmudkpmvdkzwfjcif;[laomtqifhodkY avQmh
usaeygNyD/ þodkYxif&avmufatmif 0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\ qHk;
jzwfcsufrsm; rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/
y#dywfomoemüvnf; þenf;rjcm; jzpfygonf/ teuf
rxifaomolrsm; zGifhaompmtwdkif; vdkufí pmudk pmjzifhom
zGifhwwf&Smaomolrsm;onf olwyg;\apwemESifh wu,fhtjzpf
tysufrsm;udk *&krxm;EdkifawmhbJ xif&mpdkif;atmif ½dkif;½dkif;ysys
usifhBuHaeMuygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ trIudkqHk;jzwfMuaom
ordik ;f wifrw
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0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkY\pdwfapwemudk pmvdkzGifh
aompmjzifh eif;ajczsufqD; usifhBuHoGm;Muygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ pdwfapwemonf 0dedpä,q&mawmf wdkY\
]uBuD;a& uowfuuf}uJhodkYaom o’´goifykef;BuD; pmaywHjzifh
wdkif;xGmí &Edkifr&Edkif a0zefoifhvSygonf/ tu,f wdkif;xGmr&í
rodonfudk tok’¨[k quf&Jvuf&J ,wdjywf qHk;jzwfvdkufonf
rSm y#dywfomoemonf toufr0if pif;pif;aoaeNyD jzpfaMumif;
aMumuf&GHUzG,f awGYodcsuftrSef jzpfygonf/ rdrdwdkY\odu©mudk
wpufrQtiJhtuGufr&dSMuawmhaMumif; twdtvif; azmfjyaeMu
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
515
xkdYaMumifh q&mawmfrsm;taejzifh tppftrSefjzpfaom om
oemawmftudsK;udk o,fydk;vdkvm;MuygvQif rdrdwdkY 0dk;w0g; jzpfae
aompmjzifh 0dk;w0g;udk razmfjybJ tvG,fwul jcpfypfjcif;udk
vnf;aumif; wynfhawmfwdkY\ pdwfapwemudk obm0,kwåd tm*r
,kwådjzifh n§dír&orQ wm0efausvsifNyD;a&m[k txifao;rcH&av
atmif tok’¨rIvG,fvG,fjyKrnf[laom pdwfnHhpdwfzsif;udkvnf;
aumif; z,f&Sif;í tqHk;tjzwfay;Mu&ef jzpfygonf/
q&mawmfwdkY\ tqHk;tjzwfonf q&mawmfwdkYESifhwuG
q&mawmfwdkY\ ax&0g’omoemawmftwGuf jzpf&pfrnfrSm trSef
jzpfygonf/ q&mawmfwdkYu tok’¨vkyfvQif q&mawmfwdkYESifhwuG
q&mawmfwdkY\ ax&0g’omoemawmfonf tok’¨jzpfNyD; usefcJh
p&m &dSygvdrfhrnf/ q&mawmfwdkYu ok’¨vkyfvQif q&mawmfwdkYESifh
q&mawmfwdkY\ ax&0g’omoemawmfonf ok’¨jzpfvmp&m &dSyg
vdrfhrnf/ ,ckq&mawmfwdkY\ tqHk;tjzwfonf aemufqHk;tqHk;
tjzwfjzpfí q&mawmfwdkYESifhwuG q&mawmfwdkY\ ax&0g’om
oemawmf\ Mur®monf q&mawmfwdkY tqHk;tjzwftwdkif; wnf&pf
vdrfhrnfjzpfaMumif; ravQmufxm; r&dS&avatmif tav;teuf
avQmufxm; txyfxyf rSwf,lawmfrlMuapvdkygonf bk&m;/
qufvufí wynfhawmfwdkY\apm’emudk ravQmufxm;rD
avQmufxm;p&mtcsdKU &dSygao;onf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
516
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf NrdKUe,f0dedpä, q&mawmf
rsm; qHk;jzwfcsufjyKvkyfEdkif&ef oHk;oyfcsufrsm;tay: wynfhawmfwdkY
\ apm’emcsufrsm;udk zwf½I&efrvdk[k z,f&Sm;NyD; qHk;jzwfcJhMuyg
onf/
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NrdKUe,f0dedpä,rsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsufonf NrdKUe,f0dedpä,rsm;
\ oHk;oyfcsufay:wGif rlwnfí aumufcsufqGJqHk;jzwfMujcif;
jzpfygonf/ NrdKUe,f0dedpä,xHü wynfhawmfwdkY\ xGufqdkcsufESifh
oufaocH pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk tok’¨rIjyKNyD;
qHk;jzwf&ef vHkavmufaom0de,,kwåd wpdk;wpdrQ &dSonf r[kwfyg/
oHk;oyfcsufrSm;rsm;jzifh r®,kwådqGJrdíom tok’¨rI jyKEdkifMujcif;
jzpfygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf NrdKUe,f0dedpä,\ þtok’¨
rIjyK&ef r®,kwådtwGuf oHk;oyfcsufrSm;rsm;udk apmif;iJhírQrMunfhbJ
csefvSyfaecJhMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf
rSm;,Gif;aom0dedpä,rIudk qufvufí jyKEkdifMujcif;jzpfygonf/
þodkYrjzpf&ef wdkif;0dedpä,odkY wifoGif;aom NrdKUe,f0dedpä, oHk;oyf
csuftay: wynfhawmfwdkY\ apm’empmwrf;udk wdkif;0dedpä,xHrS
t&awmif;,lí zwf½Ia0zefay;Mu&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
þae&mü wdkif;0dedpä,odkYwifoGif;aom NrdKUe,f0dedpä, qHk;jzwfcsuf
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
517
0dedpä, oHk;oyfcsuftay: wynfhawmfwdkY\ t,lcHapm’empmwrf;
jzpfygonf/
þpmwrf;udk q&mawmfwdkY taotcsm zwf½Iavhvmyg
vQif wynfhawmfwdkY ,ckapm’emrnfh apm’emcsufrsm;yif rsm;pGm
vdktyfawmhrnfr[kwfouJhodkY jzpfygrnf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf;
wm0ef&dSonfudk ydkydkrdkrdk ausyGefap&ef wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\
oHk;oyfcsufudk qufvufí apm’emygrnfbk&m;/
rSwfcsuf/ /wdkif;0dedpä, oHk;oyfcsufukdul;,lolrSm
ygVdpmayruRrf;usifaom ausmif;om;i,fjzpfaomaMumifh yl;wGJ
ygwdkif;0dedpä,oHk;oyfcsufwGif yg&dSonfh ygVdrsm;rrSefruef jzpfaeyg
onf/ trSef&&ef oufqdkif&mpmtkyfrsm;rSm vSef&efjzpfygonf/
(u) trSwfjyoHk;oyfcsufapm’em
q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;...
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\ oHk;oyfcsufonf pdwfysufp&m
jzpfygonf/ uav;uvm; EdkifvSygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY\pm?
bk&m;a[mygVdpm þESpfjzmüyif em;vnfatmif zwfEdkifpGrf; r&dS
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ul;ay;vdkufouJhodkY jzpfygonf/ wdkif;0dedpä,[laom BuD;av;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
518
ordik ;f wifrw
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oHCmawmfwdkY\wefzdk;onf þrQom&dSawmhonf[kqdkvQif ax&
0g’omoemawmfonf tzwfq,fp&m r&dSawmhNyD[k rSwf,l&efom
&dSygawmhonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;
qdkvTmü tduawmif;qdkcsuf ESpfcsufrSm ]avmutjrifrSm;ESifh
b0tjrifrSm;}udk z,f&Sm;ay;&efjzpfygonf/ wdkif;0dedpä, q&mawmf
rsm;xkwfjyaom ayg|yg’okwfponfh yg|dt|uxm pum;rsm;
onf wynfhawmfwdkYawmif;qdkcsufrsm; rSefuefaMumif; axmufcHae
aompum;rsm;csnf; jzpfygonf/
þodkYjzpfvQuf wynfhawmfwdkY\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;onf
tEÅ*g¾ [dujzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhMuonfrSm ax&0g’ om
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uG,folawG ax&0g’omoemawmfudk BuD;pdk;aecJhNyD[k rxifbJ
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wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]avmu
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
519
jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]avmuNrJrNrJESifh owå0gaoNyD;aemuf
jzpfrjzpf ra[m[k}-a[mcJhonfrSm txift&Sm; jzpfygonf/
þuJhodkY ra[m[k a[mcJhaomaMumifhyif wdkif;0dedpä, q&mawmf
rsm; þokwfrsm;udk zwf½Iae&jcif; jzpfygonf/ þodkY ra[m[k
a[mcJhonfrSm r,laomaMumif hjzpfygonf/ þodkYjzpfaMumif;
tjcm;okwfrsm;ESifhvnf;ñdSí apm’emcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/
þrQtxd wynfhawmfwdkY\ omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;
awmif;qdkcsufESifh 0dedpä,wdkY udk;um;aom yg|dawmfwdkY nDrQcsuf
rsm; xif&Sm;aeygvQuf tjrifrSm;Mujcif;rSm 0dedpä,wdkYü or®m’d|d
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wynfhawmfwdkYonf wdkif;0denf;dk&frsm;udk w&m;rsufvHk;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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vnf; rsm;vSygonf/
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rcdk;aomfvnf; olwyg;wdkYtm;owfMucdk;Mu&ef ajymqdkjcif;rsm;
rjzpfEdkifouJhodkY jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh ygVdawmfü a&SUaemufb0jzpfrjzpfrsm;udk ajym
qdkcsufrsm; þwvHrQvlü apwemb0udk&nfí ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ
yg&dSonf[kqdkvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;udk pGyfpGJ&m a&mufygonf/ jrwfpGm
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awmfrsm;ü a&SUaemufb0jzpfaMumif;rsm; wzefa[mao;onf[kqdk
vQif pum;rwnfaombk&m;[k pGyfpGJjcif; jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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‘d|dy,fNyD;olonfom ‘d|dy,fjcif;udk odEdkif&monf r[kwf
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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______
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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jzifh <uoGm;Muolrsm;taejzifh 0w¬Kumronf y,fp&mr[kwfay/
udavomumromvQif y,fp&m y[mwAÁr® jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifhyif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qGrf;aumif; ouFef;
aumif; ausmif;aumif;udk y,fonf[kr&dSbJ tjynfht0 tatmif
jrifqHk; oHk;pGJjcif;jzpfygonf/ ttdyfüvnf; nüomru aeYrSmyif
tdyfaMumif; rdefYMum;zl;ygonf/ ,aeYumvü umrt&udk 0w¬K
umryg a&maESmtzGifhcHxm;&aomaMumifh w&m;&Smolrsm; cg;usdK;
rwwfyif w&m;r[kwfonfü w&m;vkyfNyD; tyifyef;cHMu&onf/
xdkYaMumifh w&m;rodolwdkY\ tzGifhrSm;rsm; ysufjym;atmif rIwfxkwf&
ygrnf/]
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w&m;rodol aemifawmfhaemifawmfwdkY\ pum;udk rSwfom;í wynfh
awmfwdkY\pum; rSm;,Gif;onf ta0pöyom’cRwf,Gif;onf[k
qdkrdMujcif; jzpfygonf/
0w¬Kumrudk y,fí &Edkifr&Edkif obm0çtm*r ESpf0aom
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
533
awmfwdkYtm; ]udavomuif;NyD;olrsm; tdyfpm;umrü jynfh0atmif
taqmifpGrf;EdkifqHk;olrsm; jzpfMuonf}[laom pum;aMumifh ta0pö
yom’csdKUwJhonf[kqdkaom wdkif;0dedpä,\ qHk;jzwfcsufudk jyifqif
ay;&ef jzpfygonf/
‘kwd, ta0pöyom’csdKUwJhaMumif; qHk;jzwfcsufrSm ]zdkvf
w&m; edAÁmefw&m; y&d,wfw&m; ½kyfemw&m;rsm;udk w&m;xifrd
ordik ;f wifrw
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onfrSm rSm;cJhMuygonf}-qdkaompum;ESifh ]r*¾if&Spfyg;rS w&m;
xifrdcJhMuonfrsm;vnf; rSm;cJhMuygonf}-qdkaom bk&m;&dScdk;usrf;
ygpum;twGuf oHk;oyfcsuf jzpfygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf þpum;rsm;aMumifh wynfh
awmfwdkYtm; r®ta0pöyom’ csdKUwJhonf[k oHk;oyfMuygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf pmayudk pmayvdkyif ½IqifjcifMuyg
onf/ ajymqdkolwynfhawmfwdkY\ pdwfapwem tmabm*udkyif
tav;rrl &dSMuygonf/
edAÁmefr®-zdkvrf ®rsm;onf r®\0dygursm;yifjzpfí tb,f
odkYvQif r®jzpfEdkifygrnfenf;¿ t|uxm#Dumrsm;rS ]obm0H
wa&wDwd ar®m}-tp&dSonfuav; awGUonfESifh ]r®r[kwfbm
vJ}[k vkyf&efroifhyg/ y&d,wård ®onfvnf; ]odkufpm}omjzpfí
]odkuf}r[kwfyg? y&d,wård ®om r®jzpfvQif tukodkvrf ®rsm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
534
vnf; y&d,wård ®ü yg&dSaeygaomaMumifh xdktukodkvf
r®rsm;udkvnf; r®[kyifrSwf,l&ygrnfavm/ ½kyfemrfr®wdkYü
vnf;twlyif ]e[Dar®m tar®mp Oabmor 0dygudaem}}ponf
ü tr®vnf; y&d,wård ® ½kyfemrfr®yifjzpfí ]r®yÜm;}&mü
,if;wdkYudkyif yGm;&rnf[k rSwfoifhygoavm/
r*¾if&Spfyg;rS w&m;xifjcif;qdkaom pum;onfr*¾if&Spfyg;
udk w&m;r[kwf[k qdkvdkonf r[kwfyg/ r*¾if&Spfyg;tjyif tjcm;
aom r*FvmçarwåmponfwdkYvnf; r*¾if&Spfyg;enf;wl w&m;jzpf
onf[k qdkvdkjcif; jzpfygonf/
]edAÁmefw&m;}[k wae&mü oHk;xm;onfrSmvnf; ]edAÁmefudk
w&m;[k xifrSm;jcif;}}[laom a&SUpum;ESifh qefYusifjcif; r&dSyg/
]tukodkvfw&m;}[k oHk;pGJ&mü tukodkvfudk yGm;rsm;&rnfhw&m;
xifí oHk;pGJjcif; r[kwfouJhodkY jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh t|uxmç#DumwdkY\ w&m;rodaom w&m;
tzGifhrsm;aMumifh ½kyfemrfudkvnf; w&m;[kxifí ½kyfemrf ½IyGm;ae
aom w&m;*dkPf;rsm;? edAÁmefudk w&m;xifí edAÁmef½IyGm;aeaom
w&m;*dkPf;rsm;? y&d,wfudk w&m;xifí y&d,wf &GwfzwfyGm;rsm;
aeMuaom w&m;*dkPf;rsm; ,aeYtcsdefü trsm;tjym; xif&Sm;wnf
&dSaeMuygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
535
tu,fusifhBuHBudK;ukwftm;xkwfyGm;rsm;&rnfh w&m;onf
þt&mrsm;r[kwfaMumif; trSm;udk z,f&Sm;&ef tjywftom;
ordik ;f wifrw
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ajymqdkcsufpum;rsm;omjzpfí þpum;rsm;twGuf w&m;rMunf
ndKrI ta0pöyom’ csdKUwJhjcif; tvsÚf;yif rjzpfEdkifyg/
pmudk pmvdkomzwfí 0wfauswrf;ausvkyfMuaom w&m;
pGJ&efñTefMum;ol EkdifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,ursm;ESifh tok’¨qHk;jzwf
ol NrdKUe,fESifhwdkif;wdkYrS0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onfom w&m;awmf
twGuf apwemaumif;jzifh ajymifvufatmif yGwfcRwfaeaom
pum;udk yGwfcRwfcGifhray;bJ ]w&m; b,fvdkaeae? ‘dkYrxd NyD;a&m}
[laom wudk,faumif;pdwfxm;aMumifh r®ta0pöyom’jzpfrnf
jzpfygonf/xdkYaMumifh wdkif;0dedpä,\ r®ta0pöyom’ csdKUwJhaMumif;
oHk;oyfcsufudk jyifqifay;&efjzpfygonf/
wwd, ta0pöyom’csdKUwJhaMumif; oHk;oyfcsufrSm wynfh
awmfwdkYuay;ydkYaom NrdKUe,f0dedpä,xH aomemvTmü EdkifiHawmf
oHCmhr[mem,uudkyif w&m;pGJqdk&ygrnf[k ajymqdkcsufpum;
twGuf oHCmhta0pöyom’jzpfonf [líjzpfygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYtm; oHCmY
ta0pöyom’av; wpdk;wpdrQjzpfap azmfjyvdkonfESifhyif zspfn§pfNyD;
vkyfjyaeygonf/ Oy&dyPÖmo t|uxmpum;onf wynfhawmf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
536
wkdYESifhpyf&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; t|uxmpum;udk a&SU
aemufrygbJ pdk;pduav;xkwfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
þt|uxmpum;onf rSm;aeaom&[ef;wyg;udk rSm;
aeaMumif;ajymqdkjcif;udkvnf; t*g&0jzpfonf[k qdkrnf r[kwf
yg/ rSm;aeaom&[ef;*dkPf;udk rSm;aeaom&[ef;*dkPf; jzpfaMumif;
ajymqdkaomfrSyif oHCmtc t*g&0jyKonf[krnf&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/
EkdifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,u\ trSm;udk rSm;aeaMumif;
wifjyygvQuf xdktrSm;udkr½kyfodrf;bJ igwdkYxuftBuD;r&dSNyD[k
rmewufum qufvufusL;vGefaevQif 0dedpä,wifí w&m;pGJEdkif
atmif BudK;pm;&rnfum; rSefuefaomw&m; jzpfygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY rsufpdü EkdifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,u
tzGJUonf twdkif;tqrod BuD;rm;ae[ef&dSygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY
rsufpdü 0de,½Ia’gifhrSMunfhvQif oHCmwyg;csif;yif jzpfygonf/
r®½Ia’gifhrSMunfhvQif vlrr,frsm;rQom jzpfaeygonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf jrefrmEdkifiHoHCmhzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsÚf;ü
]y&d,wfudkpHxm;í w&m;owfrSwfrnf}[k tdyÜg,f&dSaom pum;
rsm;udkMunfhygu ,aeY jrefrmoHCmhavmuü y#da0"omoem
uG,faeaMumif; od&aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
y&d,wfçy#dywfaqmif&[ef;onf y#da0"aqmif&[ef;
ordik ;f wifrw
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
537
twGuf uav;vlrr,ftjzpf jrif&efxuf tydkr&dSEdkifyg/ t&d,m
tcsif;csif;yif txuftxuft&d,monf atmufatmuf t&d,m
rsm;udk tjrnfwGeftawmufwD;vGwfonf r[kwfyg/ &Sifr[m
uóyonf bdu©Kaem0g’vkyf&m bdu©KeDwdkYajymqdkcsuftwGuf
&SiftmeE´mudk jrnfwGefawmufwD;cJhygonf/
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,ursm;onfvnf; BuD;av;aom
wm0ef&dSolrsm;j zpfygvQuf wynfhawmfwdkY\ tav;teuf wifjyrI
udk ucRwfuacsmfzwfNyD; r[kwfr[wfem;vnfum r®udk tr®
vkyfaeaomaMumifh xdkufxdkufwefwef ajymqdkvdkufjcif; jzpfygonf/
xkdyk*dK¾ vfrsm;udk wynfhawmfwdkYuJhodkYaom olawGurS þodkYrajym
vQif ajymrnfholr&dS jzpf&mygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þtwGuf oHCmhta0pöyom’csdKUwJhonf[k
qHk;jzwfcsufonf tajctjrpfr&dSaom qHk;jzwfcsufjzpfygonf/
þ qHk;jzwfcsufudk jyifqifay;Mu&ef jzpfygonfbk&m;/
qufvufívnf; wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;onf oDvESifhrjynfhpHk
aMumif;rjyEdkifbJESifhvnf; aomwmywåd,*Fü oDvorÜwåd yg0ifae
rIaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYtm; oDvorÜwådjzpfzdkYrvG,f[k tvGwf
oabmajymqdkMuygao;onf/ t&Sufr&dS þodkYajymqdkjcif;udkvnf;
z,f&Sm;ay;apvkdygonfbk&m;/
_____
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
538
(C) trSwfjyoHk;oyfcsufapm’em
q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;...
wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk w&m;xl;r&bJ
tvdkqdk;ESifh olwyg;udkajymolrsm;jzpfaMumif; NrdKUe,f0dedpä,\
qHk;jzwfcsuftwGuf t,lcHrIudk yvyfvdkufMuygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,\ þqHk;jzwfcsufonf rSm;aeygonf/ t
b,faMumifhqdkaomf wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkY w&m;&
aeMuonfudk rodMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ 0dedpä,rsm;onf
wynfhawmfwdkYudk w&m;r&[k xifaeMuygonf/ 0dedpä,rsm;onf
rdrdwdkY w&m;r&onfESifhyif olwyg;wdkYvnf; w&m;r&Edkif&m? w&m;
&onf[k ajymvmvQif ajymay;orQudk rw&m;vkyf&rnf? þodkY
rSwf,lpGJNrJxm;Mu[ef&dSygonf/
w&m;&oludkodEdkifaomrsufvHk; r&dSorQ w&m;&oludk vHk;0
odEkdifrnfr[kwfonfrSm r®wmjzpfygonf/ 0dedpä,rsm; csifhcsdefzG,f
ordik ;f wifrw
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igwdkYESifh w&m;&NyD;olwdkY tb,fodkY todtjrif taetusifhrsm;
jcm;em;Muoenf;/ jcm;em;csuf r&dSoavm/}[líom avhvmoifhyg
onf/ ]udawtduwH u@ aw tduwH}uav;vkyf½HkrQESifh
od&efrSm a0;vSygonf/ w&m;rodolonf olwyg; w&m;&dSr&dSudk
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
539
tb,fodkYodEkdifygrnfenf;/
wwfEdkifvQif0dedpä,rsm;onf w&m;&olqdkolwdkY\ tajym
tqdkrsm; ta&;tom;qdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh xdkw&m;&olwdkY
qdkolrsm;udk,fwdkifudk ynm&Sifqdkolrsm;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;aprIrsm;
txyfxyfjyKvkyfum tuJcwf&ef BudK;pm;oifhvSygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf b,fyd#uwfynm&Sifjzpfap tmPm
yg0grzufbJ trSefw&m;twGuf tvGwfoabmoufoufjzifh
tzdtESJUudkom cH,lvdkvSygonf/ aemufqHk;ü ynm&SifqdkolwdkYom
pdwfwdkoGm;rIvQifvnf; jzpfap&ygrnf/ rdIifawGoGm;rIvQifvnf;
jzpfap&ygrnf/ pum;wckjzifhpum;wckudk vTJz,foGm;rIvQifvnf;
jzpfap&ygrnf/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ todtjriftusifhtBuHonf
tqHk;txda&mufcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/
þonfudk udawtduwH[laom pum;av;rQjzifh
wynfhawmfwdkYw&m;r&[k rwdrus wefbdk;jzwfMuygonf/ xdkYjyif
þodkYw&m;r&bJ olrsm;udkajymonf olrsm;udkajymaomaMumifh
w&m;r&[k wefbdk;jzwfjyefonf/ þodkYjzifh w&m;r&[laom
qHk;jzwfcsufodkYa&mufatmif tNrD;jyefacgif;jyef vkyfMuygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
540
oHCr[mem,uxH avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm? NrdKUe,f0dedpä,xH
aomemvTm? wdkif;0dedpä,odkY qHk;jzwfcsufapm’emvTm þpum;oHk;ck
rnD[k axmufjyNyD; þodkYrnDaomaMumifh wynfhawmfrsm;udk
t&d,mr[kwf[k vkyfMuygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfrsm;udk t&d,m
r[kwf[k vkyfvdkvGef;aeMu[ef &dSygonf/
avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmü rdwåLrsm;ydkYjcif;onf 0g<um;&ef
ydkYjcif; jzpfEdkifoavm/ þt&mrsm;udk avmuxHk;wrf;rsm;jzifh
MunfhvQifyif tvG,fwul odjrifp&m&dSygonf/ þavQmufxm;
awmif;qdkvTmü wynfhawmfwdkY\ y#da0"aus;Zl; azmfjycsufonf
ed’gef;rQom jzpfygonf/ pmudk,fonfum; y#da0"aus;Zl; azmfjy
ordik ;f wifrw
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csufr[kwfyg/
0dedpä,wdkYpdwfü <um;0gvdkíydkYonfrsdK; jzpfaeonfjzpfap?
rjzpfonfjzpfap? wynfhawmfwdkYpdwfü trSwfyifr&Edkifatmif &dSMu
ygonf/ omoemawmftwGuf awmif;qdkcsuf taysmuftysuf
r&Sd&efom wcsufwnf; &nf&G,fygonf/
xdkYaMumifhaomemvTmü oHCmhr[mem,urSwyg; rouf
qdkifolrnfolYtm;rQ jzefYum;aMujimjcif;r&dS[k a&;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
oHCmem,urS wyg;aom b,folb,f0g’tm; rdrdwdkY\ y#da0"
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
541
w&m;udk em;vnfap&ef pma&;íwwef? pum;[efjzifhwrsdK; igwdkY
tm;t&d,mvdkYrSwfawmh [lí ajymcJhjcif;jzefYum; aMujimcJhjcif;
r&dSaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
NrdKUe,ft,lcHapm’emvTmygpum;&yfrsm;rSm bk&m; &[EÅm
rsm; a[majymouJhodkY ]þum;’ku©? þum;ork’,? þum;
eda&mESifhr*¾? ‘ku©t&aumufudk a&S;u b,fvdkaumufcJhonf/
trSeftm;jzifh b,fvdkaumuf&rnf} tp&dSonfjzifh a[majymjcif;rSm
b0ay;wm0eft& a[majymaejcif;jzpfonf[kom qdkvdkygonf/
oDwif;oHk;azmfESifh’um’umrwdkYtm; igwdkY t&d,m &[EÅm
jzpfaeMuNyD[k b0ay;wm0eft& ajym&onf[k qdkvdkjcif; r[kwf
yg/ xdkYaMumifh pmoHk;apmifyg pum;rsm;udk tu,f todtjrif&dS&dS
owdxm;vQif 0dedpä,yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jrifovdk z½dkz&Jjzpfp&m r&dSyg/
xdkYaMumifh ajymwmawGr[kwfí w&m;r&? w&m;r&í
ajymwmawGr[kwf þuJhodkY uRrf;xdk;uRrf;jyefvkyfNyD; wynfhawmf
wdkYudk ygydpäyk*dK¾ vf? £pämyuwyk*dK¾ vfrsm;[k xifrSm;oHk;oyfaeMu
ygonf/
þ0dedpä,rsm;\w&m;rodí xifrSm;oHk;oyfrdaom £päm
yuw ygydpäjzpfonf[laomqHk;jzwfcsufudk z,f&Sm;ay;&ef jzpfyg
onfb&k m;/
_____
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
542
(i) trSwfjyoHk;oyfcsufapm’em
q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;...
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk
ar;onfhtwdkif; rajzEdkifjcif;ESifhwynfhawmfwdkY\ apm’emvTmü
pmxJrS psmefr*fzdkvfESifhvlxJrS psmefr*fzdkvf rwlnD[kajymjcif;
rsm;twGuf psmefr*fzdkvfr&olrsm;jzpfonf[k qdkumt,lcHudk
ordik ;f wifrw
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wdkif;0dedpä,qHk;jzwfcsufonf rSm;,Gif;aeygonf/
ar;onfhtwdkif;ajzEkdif&efrSm psmefr*fzdkvf&½Hk ESifhrjzpfEkdifyg/
&NyD;oluar;vQifum; oifhawmfygvdrfhrnf/ r&bJar;vQif
tar;rrSefbdkYyif rvG,faomaMumifhjzpfygonf/ psmefr*fzdkvf
w&m;onf oabmw&m;ydkif;qdkif&mrsm;jzpfygonf/
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xdkpmwwfolrsm;udk ]]uðawtduwH u’gaw uwåaw udEÅdaw
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
543
b,fvdkwwfvmonfudk ajzEkdifMuygrnfavm/
xrif;pmolrsm;yif xrif;vkwfb,favmufpm;cJhoenf;/
xrif;wvkwf0g;csuf rnfrQjyKcJhoenf;/ b,fvQmjzifh b,fvdkarTcJh?
odrf;cJhoenf;[k ar;vQif ajzEkdifygrnfavm? þodkYrajzEkdifumrQjzifh
xrif;tu,frpm;cJh[k qdk&efjzpfEkdifyg oavm/
uðaw tduwH paomar;cGef;rsm;onf ar;wwf&ef
vnf; rvG,fyg/ ajzwwf&efvnf;rvG,fyg/ ar;wwfajzwwf
OD;awmhyif tajzudkMum;&olrsm;taejzifhem;vnfatmif
em;axmifwwf&efvnf; rvG,fyg/
þrQrvG,faomar;cGef;wdkuav;rsm;jzifh omoemawmf
twGuftwdkif;rod BuD;rm;vSaom jyóemudk NrdKUe,f0dedpä, rsm;u
udkifwG,faeMuygonf/ wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;uvnf;
NrdKUe,fqHk;jzwfcsuftay: rSmomoHk;oyf&efwm0ef&dSí [kqdkNyD;
qufvufudkifwG,fygonf/
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wckyifjzpfygap/ vkyfrIwdkif;üy,fjcif;vnf; &Sdrnf/ &jcif;vnf;
&Sdrnf/ vkyfcsdefvnf;&Sdrnf/ vkyf&mvnf;&Sdrnf/ vkyfyHkvnf;&Sdrnf/
tm;vHk;udkodEdkif Muygrnfavm/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
544
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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0dok’¨dr*fajymaompsmefESifh r*fzdkvfrsm;onf bk&m;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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tbdnmOfrsm;üvnf; þenf;rjcm;jzpfygonf/
trSefü umrrSmyifpsmef&dSygonf/ ½lyg½lyrSmvnf;
psmef&dSygonf/ avmukwå&mrSmvnf; psmef&dSygonf/ tyÜempsmef
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um; &zl;Muonfyif/ tm½Hkay:rSDí tedrfhtjrifh&dSrnf jzpfaomfvnf;
psmefonfpsmefomjzpfygonf/
r*fvnf;þenf;twljzpfygonf/ umrüvnf;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
547
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rSm;,Gif;aomqHk;jzwfcsuf jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYudkpsmefr*fzdkvfr& [kqdkaom
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rxifMuaMumif; ajymqdkrIaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYü tdrme
r&dSaMumif; oHk;oyfxm;Muygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYonf
tdrme&SdvQif0efcHNyD; wynfhawmfwdkY\ avQmufxm; awmif;qdk
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jcif; rjyKaomaMumifh tdrmer[kwf[k qHk;jzwfMuygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf rSm;aeMuygonf/
tdrmeonf tdrmejzpfolu rdrdtdrmejzpfaeaMumif;odí
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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tdrmejzpfae&mrS rdrdxifonfESifhjcm;em;aomtajctaersm;
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tdrmejzpfonfom jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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q&mawmfwdkYonf omoempdwf&SdMuao;onf qdkygvQif
wynfhawmfwdkY\pmrsm;udk wynfhawmfwdkY\apwem bmvJ[k
½dk;om;olrsm; odjrifouJhodkY odjrifvmatmif txyfxyf
avhvmMu&ef jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ pmrsm;udk em;vnfEdkiftm;r&Sdí
ordik ;f wifrw
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rSm;aeonf[kxifOD;awmhawmifrSyif wynfhawmfwdkY\ tppftrSef
pdwf&if;apwemudk em;vnfygu wynfhawmfwdkYESifh qufEG,fí
atmuf½Hk;rsm;u usL;vGefcJhMuaom omoemawmf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
556
zsufqD;a&;vkyfief;BuD;jzpfonfh ]]omoemhtjrKawyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk
omoemawmfom;r[kwf[k vkyfrdjcif;jypfrIrsdK;}} rS a&Smif&Sm;í
wynfhawmfwdkYudk tdrmeyk*dK¾ vfrsm;[k qHk;jzwfEdkifMuvdrfhrnf
jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYudk,fudk wynfhawmfwdkYu
tdurme r[kwf[k ajymaomaMumifhqdkNyD; wynfhawmfrsm;onf
tdrmeyk*d¾Kvfrsm;rjzpfEdkif[laom wdkif;0dedpä,qHk;jzwfcsuf trSm;udk
z,f&Sm;ay;&efjzpfygonfbk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
557
(q) trSwfjy oHk;oyfcsufapm’em
q&mawmfwdkYbk&m;-
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkY\
t,lcHapm’emvTmESpfapmifteuf aemufwapmifudkroHk;oyf awmhbJ
a&SUwapmifESifhyif vHkavmufaeNyDjzpfygaomaMumifh
0denf;dk&ft*Fgrsm;ESifhtnD ppfacs;csuf? qHk;jzwfcsufESifh
oufaocHpmrsm;udkMunfhNyD; ]]yg&mZdurus[kapm’em}}udk
y,fzsufyvyfí yg&mZduusonf[k qHk;jzwfaMumif;
rdefYMum;ygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\ rdefYMum;csufonf
rSm;aeygonf/ yXrtrSm;rSm wynfhawmfwdkY\ t,lcHapm’em
tjynfhtpHkudk remMum;rzwfrSwfbJ qHk;jzwfonfhtrSm;jzpfyg onf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;odkY t,lcHapm’emvTm
ESpfapmifudk wifoGif;t,lcHcJhygonf/ NrdKUe,f0dedpä,u
oHk;oyfcsufESifhqHk;jzwfcsuf[k ESpfvTmcGJxm;aomaMumifh
wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf; qHk;jzwfcsufapm’emESifh oHk;oyfcsuf
apm’em[k ESpfvTmwifoGif;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
þodkY t,lcHvTmESpfvTmjzpfygvsuf wvTmrQudkom
zwfrSwfí qHk;jzwfjcif;onf w&m;rSefjzpf&ef taMumif;csdKUwJh
ygonf/ NrdKUe,f\ qHk;jzwfcsufonf NrdKUe,f\ oHk;oyfcsufay:
jrpfzsm;cH&ygrnf/ oHk;oyfcsufrsm; tajctjrpfr&SdyHk apm’emcsuf
udk rzwfrrSwfvQif jynfhpHkaom qHk;jzwfcsufrjzpfEdkifyg/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
ordik ;f wifrw
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558
wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;onf jynfhpHkvHkavmufonf[k
jyvdkMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh rvdkaomygVdrsm;udk trsm;tjym;
xnfhoGif;azmfxkwfNyD; ref;rIwfaigufief;aeMuygonf/
þygVdrsm;\ teuftdyÜg,fudkyif ae&mwustoHk;csEdkifMujcif;
r&SdbJ ]]uBuD;a& oHk;acsmif;iif av;acsmif;iiful}}[k vkyfaeMu
jcif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ oHk;acsmif;yifiifonfjzpfap? av;acsmif;ru
yif iifonfjzpfap xl;rjcm;em;jzpfygonf/ NrdKUe,f0dedpä,oHk;oyf
csuftwGuf t,lcHapm’emvTmudk rzwfrSwf remMum;bJ
trIudkifwG,fjcif;twGuf csdKU,Gif;csufudkum; zmax;Edkif&ef
taMumif;r&Sdjzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkY\ wdkif;0dedpä,xH
t,lcHapm’emudk yvyfNyD; NrdKUe,f0dedpä,\ yg&mZduusap[k
qHk;jzwfudk twnfjyKqHk;jzwfay;jcif;onf rSm;,Gif;ygonf/
wdkif;\ qHk;jzwfcsuf\ ‘kwd,rSm;,Gif;csufonf
&Sdygao;onf/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;xH þodkY
avQmufxm;cJhygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY\ trIonf t&d,mjzpfrjzpf ppfaMum
&rnfhtrIjzpfí t&d,mjzpfonf[k 0efrcHEdkifolrsm; ppfaMumjcif;
rjyK&ef te&d,mrsm;\ ppfaMumhrIudk uefYuGufcJhygvsuf
wdkif;0dedpä,onf ppfaMumrIudk jyKcJhygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,rsm;\ ZmwdudkMunfhjcif;jzifh xdkyk*d¾Kvfrsm;
t&d,mr[kwfonfudkvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY od&SdMu&ygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
559
odkYjzpfvsuf t&d,ma,mifaqmifí wynfhawmfwdkYtrIudk
udkifwG,fcJhMuygonf/ tu,fpdppfvQifvnf; t&d,mrjzpf
aMumif;yif 0efcHMu&ef&Sdygvdrfhrnf/ þwdkif;ü t&d,m0denf;dk&f
r&Sdí rjzpfaomaMumifh udkifwG,f&jcif;vnf; jzpfatmifjzpfygrnf/
rnfodkYjzpfap 0denf;dk&ft*FgESifhrnDbJ ppfaq;jcif;onf
rSefuefaomppfaq;jcif;jzpfvm&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/ xdkYaMumifh
wdkif;0dedpä,t,lcHcsufudkyvyfNyD; NrdKUe,fqHk;jzwfcsufudk
twnfjyKqHk;jzwfay;onfrsm; rSm;,Gif;Muygonf/
wdkif;0dedpä,\ qHk;jzwfcsufü aemufqHk;trSm;wckvnf;
&Sdygao;onf/ þtrSm;rSm xdyfacgifwdkifatmifaom
trSm;jzpfygonf/ 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk
ppfaq;onfqdkaomfvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYrSm;aMumif;
wynfhwmfwdkYu 0efcH&avmufatmif azmfjyp&mtxd
ordik ;f wifrw
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r&SdMujcif;jzpfygonf/
tb,frQ zHk;zd½dkufrJaeonfjzpfygap trSefw&m;\
tm;onf tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd BuD;rm;vSygonf/ razmfjybJ
rjzpfEdkifatmif azmfay;vQif ay:&rnfomjzpfygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf þodkYwynfhawmfwdkY\ trSm;udk
wynfhawmfwdkYjrifatmif jyp&m[lí wpdk;wpdrQ r&Sdjzpfaeygonf/
rdrdwdkY&xm;aom tmPmyg0gwdkYudk tvQHy,f oHk;NyD; ]]igwdkYjyKorQ
Ek&r,f}}[k ,pfrl;rItjynfhjzifh wynfhawmf wdkYudk
xifovdkqHk;jzwfMuygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
560
pwkw¬yg&mZduygVdawmfü ]wawmtya&?
eora,EkorEk*g¾ [Dorm aemygtorEk*g¾ [d,rmaem0gtmyaEém
0dok’¨gayu©m{0H 0a’,stmZme ar0Htm0kaom
t0pHZmemrd tyóHukwäHrkom 0dvyd}}[k jrwfpGmbk&m;u
wdkuf½dkufrdefYMum;ygonf/
jrwfrmtdyÜg,ftm;jzifh ]aemiftcg olrsm;u ppfppf rppf
tmywfoifholu pifMu,fvdkNyd; rodbJodw,f/ rjrifbJjrifw,f/
onfvdkawGajymrdw,frsm; tvum;tvGJtrSm;awG ajymrdw,fvdkY
(0efcH)ajym&ygr,f} [lí jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh pwkw¬yg&mZdu odu©myk’fonf w&m;r®&&Sdol
taejzifh tvGefxif&Sm;aomfvnf; 0dedpäjyK&rnfholuJhodkYaom
tjcm;olrsm;taejzifh vGefpGm odEdkifcJonfhtwGuf 0efrcHbJ
rqHk;jzwf&rnfhodu©myk’fjzpfygonf/ þodu©myk’fü wdkuf½dkuf&Sdae
aom pum;rsm;udk ausmfvGefí qHk;jzwf&efrSm 0denf;xHk;pHvnf;
r[kwfjzpfaeygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf rodbJodw,f? rjrifbJjrifw,f/
onfvdk tvGJtrSm;awG ajymrdwm vHk;0r&Sdyg/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf
b,½Hk; b,fuef b,folYxHrSvnf; rajymcJhyg/
tjcm;olwOD;xHrQvnf; rajymbl;yg/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf
odonfudkom odonf[k ajymygonf/ jrifonfudkom
jrifonf[kajymygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY odjrifaom t&mrsm;onf
[kwfrSefaomaMumifhvnf; [kwfrSefonf[kajymygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
561
tusdK;BuD;aomaMumifhvnf; tusdK;BuD;onf[k ajymygonf/
þodkYajymvsuf 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf
wynfhawmfwdkYu rodbJtodvkyf? rjrifbJtjrifvkyfí r[kwfrrSef
ordik ;f wifrw
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ajymrdaMumif; 0efcHjcif; tvsif;r&SdbJ &xm;aomtmPmudk
tvGJtacsmfoHk;í wynfhawmfwdkYudk pwkw¬yg&mZduusonf[k
qHk;jzwfMuygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\ þtrSm;onf BuD;rm;aom
trSm;jzpfygonf/ 0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk
pwkw¬yg&mZdu tu,fusonfxifvQif wynfhawmfwdkY 0efcH&
avmufatmif trSm;rsm;udk ñTefjyEdkif&ygrnf/ wynfhawmfwdkYu
wu,frSm;í 0dedpä,rsm;u wu,frSefvQif? 0dedpä,rsm;bufrSom
tiftm;&Sdí wynfhawmfwdkYbufü tb,ftm;rQ &Sdonfr[kwf
aomaMumifh ]]wynfhawmfwdkYonfvnf; opfom;jzifh xkxm;onfh
olrsm;r[kwf&um;}} rvGJraoG 0efcH&rnftrSefjzpfygonf/
0dedpä,wdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkYudk 0denf;aMumif;tm;jzifh
twdtusajymqdkEdkifrIü awmifhwif;cdkifrmaom tcsuftvuf
r&SdaomaMumifh t&d,ly0g’? ta0pötyÜom’rsm;jzifh wGef;í vdrfhí
o,fMuygonf/
þt&mrsm;onf r®0dedpä,t&mrsm;vnf; jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkY w&m;&ESifh r&? wynfhawmfwdkY t&d,lyg0’g
jzpfESifhrjzpf? wynfhawmfwdkY a0ptyÜom’jzpfrjzpfrSm r®0dedpä,
rsm; jyK&rnfht&mrsm;jzpfí wynfhawmfwdkY txl;tm;rpdkufbj
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
562
&SdcJhMuygonf/
0dedpä,q&mawmfrsm;onf aoewform;
trsm;tjym;0dkif;vsuf wynfhawmfwdkYudk ppfaq;Muolrsm;
jzpfonfuwcsuf? aoewform;rsm;jzifh wynfhawmfwdkYudk
ta&mufac:,lEdkifonfuwcsuf? tkyfcsKyfolrsm;ü tulcyfodrf;
udk ]&Sdef;}tjzpf&aeonfuwcsuf? tpptcsufrsm;aMumifh
wynfhawmfwdkYxuf tpptm;tifAvrsm; omvGefMuygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYrSm ]opöm}[laom tm;uav;wcsufrQ
&SdMuolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; 0dedpä,q&mawmf
rsm;onf wynfhawmfwdkYudk wynfhawmfwdkY w&m; tcdkiftrm
r&SdaMumif; wvHk;wyg’ zGifh[wdkYxd0efcHcJhMujcif;r&Sd jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkYw&m;ESifhpyfvsOf;í b,frQ
BuD;jrifhaom bGJUwHqdyfawmf& yk*d¾Kvfrsm; b,frQ trsm;tjym;
wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsmjzpfygap wGefYoGm;½HkoGm;rnfholrsm; r[kwfMuyg/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; rolawmfwdkY\ rw&m;enf;rsm;jzifh
zdESdyfzsufqD;rIrsdK;jzpfvQifum; wynfhawmfwdkY ausmfvTm;Edkifrnf/
rausmfvTm;Edkifrnf rajymEdkifyg/ olawmfaumif;wdkY\ w&m;aom
ordik ;f wifrw
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enf;jzifh wynfhawmfwdkYudk 0efcHap&efum; rjzpfEdkifyg/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wynfhawmfwdkYonf trSeftuef
ajymqdkxm;Muolrsm; jzpfaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/
þodkYjzpfvsuf wynfhawmfwdkY rSm;aMumif;0efcHEdkifatmif
rppfar;EkdifbJ wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf; 0efrcHbJ wynfhawmfwdkYudk
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
563
atmuf½Hk;uqHk;jzwfonfhtwdkif; pwkw¬yg&mZduus&ef qHk;jzwf
onfrSm? wdkif;0dedpä,wdkY\ r[mtrSm;BuD;yifjzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þtrSm;rsm; z,f&Sm;ítqHk;tjzwfay;Mu&ef
avQmufxm;&ygonfbk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
564
t,lcHapm’emed*Hk;
q&mawmfwdkYbk&m;...
wynfhawmfwdkY\ t,lcHapm’emavQmufxm;csuf
NyD;qHk;ygNyD/ wynfhawmfwdkY\ avQmufxm;cJhcsufonf wynfhawmf
wdkYtwGufr[kwf? omoemawmftwGuf &nf&G,fí avQmufxm;
cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmfwdkYonf ax&0g’omoemawmfxHrS
tu,f&,lp&m &SdvSawmhonfr[kwfaMumif;? ax&0g’
omoemawmfuom wynfhawmfwdkYxHrS ,l&ef&SdawmhaMumif
avQmufxm;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf q&mawmfwdkYu tok’¨vkyfonf
jzpfap? ok’ÿifvkyfonfjzpfap? wynfhawmfwdkYudk,fwdkifü
ok’äeMurnfomjzpfaMumif;? tok’önf wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf
jzpfír&awmhaomt&momjzpfaMumif;? q&mawmfwdkY\
qHk;jzwfcsuft& q&mawmfwdkYESifhtwlae twlpm; rjyK&ef
tmPmydkifwdkY\ zsufqD;rIudkcH&vQifvnf; q&mawmfwdkYESifh
twlrae? twlrpm;bJaeNyD; rdrdwdkYü&Sdaom odu©mrsm;udk
usifhoHk;ae&efyifjzpfaMumif;? þt0wf þtpm;rsdK; rjyK&[k
tmPmpufjzifh uefYuGufvQifvnf; þt0wftpm;rsm;udk
a&Smif&Sm;í rdrdw&m;rdrdusifhNyD; rdrdwdkYü&Sdonfh odu©mrsm;
usifhoHk;ae&yfyif jzpfaMumif; avQmufxm;&ygrnf/
xdkYaMumifh q&mawmfwdkYoabmqE´&Sdonfhtwdkif;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
565
qHk;jzwfMu&efjzpfygonf/ q&mawmfwdkYu ok’¨qHk;jzwfvQif
q&mawmfwdkY\ ax&0g’omoemonf ok’¨&ef&Sdygvdrfhrnf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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q&mawmfwdkYu tok’¨vkyfMuvQifvnf; q&mawmfwdkY\
ax&0g’omoemonf tok’¨&ef &Sdygrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYtwGuf tok’¨&ef ok’¨&efESifh jzmruGJyg/
t&d,mtjzpfa&mufNyD;oltwGuf avmuonf vif;csif;NyD;
jzpfygonf/ avmuHudkvnf; rsufaphtjrif&SdNyD;jzpfí vdIif;BuD;
avSatmuf jzpfapEdkifygNyD/ wynfhawmfwdkYonf wynfhawmfwdkY\
b0twGuf vlvm;ajrmufcJhygNyD/ twdkif;rod aus;Zl;awmf &Sdaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh om0utqufquf\ aus;Zl;w&m;udk
wynfhawmfwdkY aqmifEdkifolrsm;jzpfcJhMuygNyD/ xdkYaMumifh xm0&
ok’äernfomjzpfaMumif; ed*Hk;csKyfavQmufxm;&ygonf
q&mawmfwdkYbk&m; ...../
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ppfuikd ;f
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
566
toD;oD;odYk
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OD;pE´moD&d(aZ,sodrf)
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OD;£Eú(r*Fvmompnf)
OD;Owårpm&(arC0ef)?
OD;Z0e(ausmif;opf)
OD;0drvAk’¨d(uHr)?
OD;awaZmbmo(rdk;wJ)
OD;ÓPvuFm&(udk;aumif;) acsmif;OD;NrdKU/
aeYpGJ/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef;(9)&uf? 44/
½dkaopGmavQmufxm;ygonfbk&m;/ wynfhawmfrsm;onf
rESpfu q&mawmfwdkY 0dedpä,usifhpOfu pk’dwutjzpf
odcJholrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ ,ckavQmufxm;&efrSm 0dedpä,udpEö Sifh
rqdkifbJ yk*dK¾ vfa&;tvGwfoabm avQmufxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
t&Sifbk&m;taeESifh wynfhawmfrsm; tEÅ*g¾ [dwrdpäm’dXd
jzpfonf[k odjrifaeaMumif; od&ygonf/ þodkYjzpfvQif
w&m;r&EdkifaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYtm; arwåm*½kPm
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
567
yGm;vdrfhrnf[kxifygonf/ wynfhawmfrsm;taeESifhvnf;
t&Sifbk&m;udk tEÅ*g¾ wdurdpäm’d|djzpfaomaMumifh w&m;&&ef
ordik ;f wifrw
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rjzpfEdkifojzifh arwåm*½kPmyGm;Muygonf/
þodkY ESpfOD;ESpfzuf arwåm*½kPmyGm;rsm;onf vufawGU
tusdK;jzpfyGm;apoifhvSygonf/ xdkYaMumifh t&Sifbk&m; ½dk;om;pGmyif
trSef[kxifaevQif wynfhawmfwdkYtm; rSefuefaMumif;
tmPmyg0grzuf r®pufoufoufjzifh tcsuftvufESifhwuG
tqHk;tray;apvdkygonf/ þtcgü wynfhawmfwdkYuvnf;
rrSefuefyHk tcsuftvuf tjynfhjzifh avQmufxm;vdkygonf/
þodkY avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm wynfhawmfwdkY rSm;vQif
wynfhawmfwdkY jyifEdkif&efESifh t&Sifbk&m;rSm; t&Sifbk&m; jyifEdkif&ef
tusdK;&a&;wckwnf;twGufom jzpfygonf/
þusdK;udkarQmfudk;í wynfhawmfwdkYtm; tqHk;tray;&ef
t&Sifbk&m;u oabmwlvdkvm;onfqdkygvQif tcsdefra&G;
wynfhawmfwdkYtm; tqHk;tray;vdkonfhae&mudk ñTefMum;ay;&ef
wynfhawmfwdkY awmif;qdktyfygonfbk&m;/
t&Sifbk&m;xHvnf; ac:Edkifygonf/ wynfhawmf xHvnf;
<uEdkifygonf/ tjcm;ae&mvnf; ñTefEdkifygonf/ wOD;jcif;vnf;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
568
awGUEdkifygonf/ &[ef;&Sifvl y&dowfESifh awGUEdkif ygonf/
oHCmhtv,füvnf; awGUEkdifygonf/ BudKufESpfouf&m ygbk&m;/
þpmudk wm0ef&Sdolrsm;odkY ay;ydkYygonf/
&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP
a&Tjrifwifawmif? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? ppfudkif;NrdKU/
(rif;uGef;? rEÅav;pmoifwdkuf)
rdwåLudk
- wkdif;ESifhjynfe,f oHCmhem,utoD;oD;
- jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme? &efukef
- ygwDokawoeXme? ygwDXmecsKyf? &efukef
- ygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef
- EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|BuD;? &efukef
- 0efBuD;csKyf? &efukefodkY ydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
569
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
570
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
ordik ;f wifrw
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tydkif;(5)
tEk0g’gw&m;pGJqdkrIrsm;
1/ 0ef;odk cEÅD;q&mawmf\ opömtvif;jyusrf;tm; w&m;pGJqdkcsuf
odYk
Ouú|
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utzGJU
ZrÁL’Dyausmif;aqmif? urÇmat;ukef;ajr?
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20-12-82
taMumif;t&m/ 0ef;odkNrdKU cEÅD;q&mawmfBuD;\ opömtvif;
jyusrf;? pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonfudk
w&m;vkyfí wifjycsufrsm; tr®jzpfí
y,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef apm’emvTm/
avQmufxm;ygonfbk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf t*¾r[my@dw tbdZr[m &|*k½k
cEÅD;q&mawmf b’ÉÅokre 0ef;odkNrdKU\ t*¾r[my@dw 0ef;odkNrdKU
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
571
cEÅD;q&mawmfBuD; trnfjzifh a&;om;xm;aom
opömtvif;jyusrf;trnf&Sdaom pmtkyfudkzwfMu&ygonf/
þpmtkyfpmrsufESm(16)? pmaMumif;a&(1)ESifh pmrsufESm
(28)? pmaMumif;a&(19)? pmrsufESm(29) pmaMumif;a&(3)?
pmrsufESm(31)? pmaMumif;a&(19)wdkYü wifjyxm;csufrsm;onf
Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmft& rSm;aeaomwifjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
þwifjycsufrsm;onf rarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaeudk
vlrsm;tm; ñTefjytoday;aeaom wifjycsufrsm;jzpfMuygonf/
vlrarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;onf w&m;r[kwfaom
bk&m;vnf;ra[maom tajctaersm;jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh w&m;r[kwfonfudkt[kwf? bk&m;ra[m
onfudk ta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef q&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHChm
r[mem,utzGJU½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP + &Sif*kP0EÅ
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? rEÅav;pmwdkuf
oufqdkifolrsm;twGufom - uefYowf
rdwåLudk - wdkif;ESifhjynfe,foHCem,utoD;oD;
- jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme? &efukef
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
572
- ygwDokawoeXme? ygwDXmecsKyf? &efukef
- ygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef
- EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|BuD;? &efukef
- 0efBuD;csKyf? &efukefodkY ydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
573
2/ OD;pdwåom&mbd0HoOD;pD;a&;om;aom r[mAk’¨0iftm;
w&m;pGJqdkcsuf
odYk
Ouú|
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utzGJY
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ wdyd#u&t*¾r[myPdw q&mawmf
OD;0dpdwåom&mbd0H OD;pD;;a&;om; aom?
r[mAk’¨0ifpmtkyfü w&m;r[kwf
onfudk w&m;vkyfí? wifjycsuftr®
rsm; yg&dSí y,fzsufay;&ef apm’emvTm
wynfhawmfwdkYonf wdyd#u&t*¾r[myPdw q&mawmf
OD;0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho (EkdifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utusdK;awmf
aqmifcsKyf) rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f OD;pnf;a&;om;
aom r[mAk’¨0ifpmtkyfudk zwfMu&ygonf/ þpmtkyf yg&rDcrf;?
Asm’dwfcrf;rsm;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;?bk&m;jzpfrnfhb0r&rSDu b0rsm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
574
jzpfcJhaMumif;wifjycsufrsm;onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmft&
rSm;aeaomwifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
vlrsm;tm; ñTefjytoday;aeaom? wifjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
bk&m;vnf; r-aom tr®tajctaersm;jzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
onfudk ta[mvkyfaom? þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef? q&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCmh
r[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a½Tjrifwifawmif? rif;uGef;
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? rEÅav;pmwdkuf/
rdwåLudk - wdkif;ESifhjynfe,f oHCmhem,utoD;oD;/
- jynfxJa&;&mESifh omoema&;0efBuD;Xme &efukef/
- ygwDokawoeXme? ygwDXmecsKyf? &efukef/
- ygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef/
- EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|BuD;? &efukef/
- 0efBuD;csKyf? &efukef odkYydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
575
odYk
Ouú|
ZrÁL’Dyausmif;aqmif? urÇmat;ukef;ajr
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ xD;csdKifhNrdKUwnfawmq&mawmf OD;a’0dE´ dywd\
b 0 c s r f; o m a & ; [ l o n fE S i fh
r*f[lonfhpmtkyfwGif w&m;r[kwf
onfudk w&m;vkyfí wifjycsufrsm;
y,fzsufay;&ef apm’emvTm
wynfhawmfwdkYonf xD;csdKifhNrdKUwnfawmq&mawmf
trnfjzifh a&;om;tyfaom]b0atmifjrifa&;[lonfESifh r*f[l
onf} trnf&dSpmtkyfudk zwfMu&ygonf/ þpmtkyfyg pmrsufESm
(8)? pmrsufESm(47)? pmaMumif;a&(14)? pmrsufESm(72)?
pmaMumif;a&(4) wdkYüwifjyxm;csufrsm;onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;
awmft& rSm;aeaomwifjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
vlrsm;tm; ñTefMum;today;aeaom wifjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
576
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
bk&m;vnf;ra[maom tr®tajctaersm;jzpfygonf/
onfudk ta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufrsm;udk tr®0g’
jzpfaMumif; qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef q&mawmfwdkY\
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyf
ygonf bk&m;/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a½Tjrifwifawmif? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;
rdwåLudk - wdkif;ESifhjynfe,foHCmhem,utoD;oD;?
- jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme? &efukef?
- ygwDokawoeXme? ygwDXmecsKyf? &efukef?
- ygwDOuú|BuD;’? &efukef?
- EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|BuD;? &efukef?
- 0efBuD;csKyf? &efukef odkYydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
577
odYk
Ouú|
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ 0ufvufrpdk;&drfOD;wdó\ ]’ku©w&m;cH}
pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonfudk w&m;
vkyfí wifjycsufrsm; y,fzsufay;&ef
apm’emvTm/
wynfhawmfwkdYonf 0ufvufrpdk;&drfOD;wdó trnfjzifh
a&;om;tyfaom ]’ku©w&m;cH}trnf&dSpmtkyfudk zwf½IMu&
ygonf/
,if;pmtkyfü ork’,opömt&aumufrsm;ESifh vl0ifpm;\
½kyfb0ul;yHkjyqdkcsufrsm;onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmf t&
rSm;aeaomwifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
vlrsm;tm; ñTefMum;today;aeaom wifjycsufrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
vl\rarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;onf w&m;r[kwfaom
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
578
bk&m;vnf;ra[maom? tr®tajctaersm; jzpfygonf/
onfudkta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef q&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCmh
r[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonf bk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
579
odYk
Ouú|
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ r®mp&d,OD;aX;vIdif\ ]&wemoHk;yg; aus;Zl;}
pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonfudk
w&m;vkyfí wifjycsufonftr®jzpfí
y,fzsufay;&ef apm’emvTm
wynfhawmfwdkYonf r®mp&d,OD;aX;vIdif a&;om;tyf
aom]&wemoHk;yg;aus;Zl;} trnf&dSaompmtkyfudk zwf½I&ygonf
þpmtkyf\ tcef;(6)]wrvGefb0c&D;} wckvHk;wGif
wifjycsufrsm;onf Ak’¨w&m;awmft& rSm;aeaomwifjycsufrsm;
jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
580
xdkYaMumifh w&m;r[kwfonfudkt[kwf bk&m;ra[m
onfudkta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufrsm;udk tr®0g’ jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef q&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmf
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
oHCmhr[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’em
tyfygonfbk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
581
odYk
Ouú|
ZrÁL’Dyausmif;aqmif? urÇmat;ukef;ajr/
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ OD;aomif;vGif\ ]rd½dk;zvmvGef Ak’¨bmom}
pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonf udk
w&m;vkyfí wifjycsufrsm; y,fzsuf
ay;&ef apm’emvTm/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf OD;aomif;vGif (ousoD[0#hHoum
ESifh r®mp&d,bDat? &efukef) \ q&maomif;vGif trnfjzifh
a&;om;tyfaom ]rd½dk;zvmvGef Ak’¨bmom} trnf&dSaom pmtkyf
ukd zwfMu&ygonf/
þpmtkyfpmrsufESm(18) pmaMumif;(14) ESifh pmrsufESm
(148) pmaMumif;a& (1) pmrsufES(168) pmaMumif;(2) wdkYü
wifjyxm;csufrsm;onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmft& rSm;aeaom
wifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
þwifjycsufrsm;onf rarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
582
udk vlrsm;tm; ñTefMum;today;aeaom wifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
bk&m;vnf;ra[maom tr®tajctaersm; jzpfygonf/
onfudkta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
oHCmhr[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm; apm’em tyfygonf
bk&m;/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
583
odYk
Ouú|
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20^12^82/
taMumif;t&m/ OD;ausmfvGif (ESpfzufvS)\]wuúodkvf w&m;rsm;}
pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonf udk
w&m;vkyfí wifjycsufrsm; y,fzsuf
ay;&ef apm’emvTm/
avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf OD;ausmfvGif(ESpfzufvS) a&;om;tyf
aom ]wuúodkvfw&m;rsm;} trnf&dSpmtkyfudk zwfMu&ygonf/
þpmtkyfyg pmrsufESm(78-79)wkdYü wifjyxm;csufrsm;
onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmft& rSm;aeaom wifjycsufrsm;
jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
584
onfudkta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’ jzpfaMumif;
oHCmhr[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;tyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a½Tjrifwifawmif? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;
oufqdkifolrsm;twGufom-uefYowf
rdwåLudk -
-wdkif;ESifhjynfe,ftoD;oD;&dS? wdkif;ESifhjynfe,foHCmh
em,utzGJYrsm;?
- ppfudkif;NrdKUe,foHCmhem,utzGJY?
- rif;uGef;aus;&GmoHCmhem,utzGJY?
- jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;0efBuD;Xme? &efukef?
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
- ygwDokawoeXme? ygwDXmecsKyf? &efukef?
- jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef?
- EdkifiHawmfor®wBuD;? &efukef/
- 0efBuD;csKyf rsm;odkYydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
585
odYk
Ouú|
urÇmat;ukef;ajr? &efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ?
taMumif;t&m/ OD;tHharmif\ Ak’¨\vlrIa&;vrf;ñTef csufrsm;
pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwf
onfudkw&m;vkyfí wifjycsufrsm;
tr®jzpfí y,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef
apm’emvTmygbk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf OD;tHharmif(vufaxmufomoem a&;
ñTefMum;a&;rI;) &efukefNrdKU\ armiftHhtrnfjzifha&;om;aom
]Ak’¨\vlrIa&;vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;} trnf&dSaom pmtkyfudkzwfMu&
ygonf/ þpmtkyfpmrsufESm(33) pmaMumif;a&(12)ESifh
pmrsufESm(34) pmaMumif;a&(17) pmrsufESm(36) pmaMumif;a&
(21) wdkYü wifjyxm;csufrsm;onf Ak’¨bmomw&m;awmft&
rSm;aeomwifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
þwifjycsufrsm;onf rarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;
udk vlrsm;tm;ñTefMum;today;aeaom wifjycsufrsm; jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
586
vlrarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;onf w&m;r[kwf aom
onfudk ta[mvkyfí þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef q&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCmh
r[mem,utzGJY½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
vlrarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaewifjycsufrsm; tr®jzpfyHk
udk obm0 tm*r ESpf0aom,kwådrsm;jzifh apm’emí q&mawmf
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
wdkYtm; avQmufxm;&ygrnf/ a&S;OD;pGm vlYavmu\ wu,f
tjzpftysufjzpfaom obm0,kwådjzifh tr®jzpfyHkapm’emcsufudk
avQmufxm;&ygrnf/ aemufrS edum,fig;&yfrS yd#duwfawmf
rsm;jzpfaom tm*r,kwådjzifh tr®jzpfyHkapm’emcsufudk
avQmufxm;ygrnf/ ,ck obm0,kwådjzifh apm’emcsufudk
avQmufxm;ygonf bk&m;/
q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;/
vlarG;aotjyifbufñTefjycsufrsm;onf vlrsm;twGuf
w&m;r[kwfonfudk ñTefjycsuf (tr®)rsm; jzpfygonf/
arG;aotjyifbuftajctaersm;onf t&d,mwdkY
tqHk;trü trSefw&m;[kqdktyfaom opömw&m;rsm;yif r[kwfyg/
t[kwfw&m;rsmyifr[kwf [kqdkvdkygonf/
opömqdkaompum;onf wxgwf\ ½kyfajymif;pum;yif
jzpfygonf/ opömrqdkufaom pum;jzpfonfqdkvQif
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
587
t[kwfr[kwfaom pum;yifjzpfonf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/
t&d,mwdkYtqHk;trü opömudkav;rsdK;jyygonf/ ‘ku©
ork’, ponfwdkYjzpfygonf/ ‘ku© ork’,opömrsm;onf
þwvHrQvlü jzpfMuygonf/ þwvHrQvlYtjyifbufü
jzpfMuonf r[kwfyg/ opömonf arG;aotwGif;üom
&dSonfqdkvQif? arG;aotjyifbufonf opömr[kwfyg/
xdkYaMumifharG;aotjyifbufonf opömr[kwfaom aMumifh
t[kwfyifr[kwfaomt&m jzpfygonf/ vlonf t[kwf
[kwfaomt&mudk odjrifem;vnfoifhygonf/ t[kwfr[kwf
aomt&mudk em;vnfodjrif&ef roifhjrwfyg/
t[kwfr[kwfaomt&mudk odjrifem;vnfjcif;onf
vludkysufpD;apygonf/ ,aeYvlavmuonf þodkYt[kwf
r[kwfaom t&mrsm;udkodjrifem;vnfaeMuaomaMumifh
vlYavmuBuD;rvGwfrajrmuf qif;&J’ku©taxGaxG a&mufaeMu
jcif; jzpfygonf/ Armüa&m urÇmüyg þtjzpfrsm;udkavhvmvQif
awGYjrif&rnfjzpfygonf/ vlonft[kwfr[kwfaom t&mrsm;udk
tm;xm;jyKjyif odjrifem;vnfaeaomaMumifh vlYvGwfvyfrIrsm;
qHk;½HI;ae&jcif; jzpfygonf/ vlwOD;ESifhwOD; wdkufcdkufowfjzwf
vSnfhywfzsufqD;aeMujcif;onf vlYvGwfvyfrIqHk;½HI;&jcif;\
taMumif;&if;omursm; jzpfMuygonf/
vlonf t[kwfr[kwfaomt&mrsm;jzpfaom vlYtjyif
bufrS t&mrsm;udkom tm;xm;jyKjyif odjrifem;vnfaeMuaom
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
588
aMumifh vlüjzpfyGm;aom csrf;omqif;&Judk teuftdyÜg,f
razmfEdkifjzpf&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvlcsrf;omqif;&Judk zefwnf;ae
aom vlYudk,fEIwfESvHk; trI(uH)rsm;udk ta&;txm;jzpfMuyg onf/
vlYvGwfajrmufa&;vrf;pOfr*¾onf vlYudk,fEIwfESvHk;
aumif;rIjzpfaomfvnf; þudk,fEIwfESvHk;udk rjyKrjyifrodjrifEdkif
awmhol ykaAÁuwa[wkuyk*dK¾ vfrsm; jzpfMuaomaMumifh
vlYvGwfvyfrIqHk;½HI;Mu&jcif; jzpfygonf/
,aeYvlonf wd&dpämefrsm;xufydkí vGwfvyfonf[k
qdk&efyif cJ,if;aumif;cJ,if;bG,f &dSygvdrfhrnf/ wd&dpämefonf
vnf; ed*[ ¾ rIudkcHae&ygonf/ vlrsm;vnf; ed*[ ¾ rIESifhuif;onf
r[kwfyg/ vlESifhwd&pämefonf ed*[ ¾ rIü b,folydkícH&rnfudk
,SOfMunfhoifhygonf/
uRJ EGm; wd&pämefrsm;onf rvGwfvyfqHk; wd&pämefrsm;
tjzpf tjriftawGU&qHk;rsm; jzpfygonf/ olwdkYudk BudK;jzifhom
csnfí wkwfjzifhomESdyfygonf/ vlrlum; oHajcusif;jzifhcwfí
aoewfjzifhESdyf&ygonf/ uRJ EGm; xdef;onfrSm wkwf? vlxdef;onfrSm
aoewf? tajrmuf? AHk;? tqdyf? tEkjrLrsm; jzpfygonf/
taotjcmMunfhvQif urÇmavmuü vlonfrvGwf
vyfqHk;aomaMumifh qif;&J’ku©a&mufygonf/ qif;&J’ku©a&muf
aomaMumifh ½kef;uef&rf;um; rSm;csifovdkrSm;ygonf/ rSm;Mu
aomaMumifh pnf;vHk;nDñGwfatmif tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf;r&ESifh
vlpOfrrSD? wdkif;jynfyg rwdk;wufjzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
589
,aeY wdk;wufovdkjzpfaeonfrSm tppfjzpfaejcif;
r[kwfyg/ twkta,mif wdk;wufaejcif;yifjzpfygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ,aeYvlYavmu Nidrf;csrf;wdk;wuf aeonfrSm
vlwpfOD;csif; tusifhaumif;ír[kwfbJ ed*[ ¾ rIjyKMuol
g;vSHaoewfoHrm;rsm;\ tzdtESdyftcsKyftcs,f
aumif;aomaMumifhom Nidrf;at;wdk;wufaejcif;jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þwdk;wufNidrf;at;rIonf xm0&wdk;wufNidrf;at;rI
r[kwfbJ ,m,Dwdk;wufNidrf;at;rIom jzpfygonf/
tkyfcsKyfa&;ysufjym;aom umvrsm;ü þwdk;wuf
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vGwfvyfNidrf;csrf;rIyifr[kwfbJ tkyfcsKyfolrsm; ya,m*aMumifh
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[kwfygonf/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ed*[ ¾ rIrsm;atmuf jym;jym;
arSmufcHaeMu&olrsm;rSm rarG;rDESifhaoNyD;jzpfrSudk vufrcHMu
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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olwdkYusifhaom tusifhrsm;onf rawmufry jzpfMu&ygonf/
olwdkYonf ‘ge oDv bm0em ypm,e paom vlYtusifhw&m;
rsm;udk usifhMu&mü aoNyD;twGuf arQmfrSef;íusifhMuygonf/ ‘ge
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jzpfyGm;rnfh tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk rodrjrifrxifbJ jyKMu&ygonf/
ynmrygaom jyKrI OmP 0dyÜ,kwrå ®rIrsm;om jzpfMu&ygonf/
todÓPfrygaom jyKvkyfrIonf tb,fodkYvQif
awmufyMunfvifEdkifygrnfenf;/ a&SUaemufb0 jzpfrIrsm;
rjzpfrIrsm;udk rufaomaMumifhjyKvkyf&jcif;omjzpfonfhtwGuf
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uav;ukvm;tvkyf? t½l;tESrf;tvkyfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh
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w&m; oHCm &wemoHk;yg;udk rodrjrifMuonftxd
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t&d,opömw&m;rsm;jzpfygonf/ t&d,monf wvHrQvlü
jzpfygonf/ vlYtjyifbufrS t[kwfr[kwfonfrsm;ü
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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rodMuolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ opömudk ra[maom tjcm;bmom
rsm;ü qdkzG,fyifr&Sdjzpfygonf/
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onfrSm uRefu t&Sifvkyfief;vkyfay;&m uRefü tusdK;rsm;&ef
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b0udka&SmifvGJ&ef jzpfEdkifawmhrnf r[kwf jzpfygonf/
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taqmuftOD;omjzpfNyD; tcsdefra&G; NydKuGJysufpD;&ef toifh&Sdrnf
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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jcmjcmvnfaomaMumifh q&morPrsm;vnf; toD;cGJaeír&
jzpfygonf/ ‘umcsmaomaMumifh q&mvnf; csmvmygonf/
,aeY omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;rsm;onf y&d,wådudkom
tm;xkwfawmhonf[k ajym&awmhravmuf jzpfygonf/ y&d,wåd
omoemudkum; trsm;tm;jzifh tdkemusdK;uef; rpGrf;roefvdk
vl&mr0if ol&mrrQuJhodkYaom yk*d¾KvftcsdKUom awGU&ygrnf/
y&d,wåd[domoemórlvH [laompum;udk rEÅmefjyKí
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wnDwnmwnf;jzpfaeMuygonf/ y&d,wfonf omoemawmf\
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toD;tyGifhray;EdkifvQif toHk;usrnfr[kwfyg/ y#da0"omvQif
omoemawmfü vlrsm;oHk;pm;&rnfhtoD;tyGifh jzpfygonf/
aq;enf;jzifh a&m*gaysmufonfr[kwfyg/ aq;enf;udkaq;azmfí
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tusdK;rNyD;tcsD;ESD;jzpfygrnf/ omoemh0efxrf;rsm;onf y&d,wf
rQjzifh rdrdwdkYb0ordkif;udk a&;om;&efBudK;pm;aeMuygonf/
omoemawmfü y&d,wfonf twwfynmomjzpfygonf/ 0dZÆm
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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tusifhtBuHtodtjrifrsm;yGm;NyD; olawmfaumif;urÇmavmu BuD;
ay:xGef;vm&efwGef;tm;ay;aeolrsm;om jzpfapvdkcJhygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; ,aeYomoemh0efxrf;rsm;onf omoemh
t&if;tjrpfy&d,wfudk toD;tyGifhy#da0"jzpfvmatmif
raqmif&GufMubJ &GwfzwfwGufcsufrIrsm;jzifh ynmjyí
aygavmajrmaeMuygonf/
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o’´genf;ír[kwfyg/ twwfynmü ynmukefaeaomaMumifh
ynmenf;íomjzpfygonf/ pmayrStwwfynmonf pmtkyfxJ
rSqm;yrm jzpfygrnf/ qm;tdk;xJrS qm;uJhodkYrjzpfEdkifyg/ þtwlyif
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tjyifbufrSb0qdkí rdrdwdkYb0udkyif rodrjrifjzpfMu ygonf/
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aeMuygonf/
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rod/ xdkYaMumifh ur®ouur®AE´Kur®’g,g’ur®y#dó&í
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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rod,HkrQru? r&dS[kyif ,lMujyefygonf/
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omujzpfygonf/
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twwfynm&Sif Ak’¨bmomordkif;twwfynm&Sifrsm;
jzpfMuonftxd? BudK;pm;Mujyefygonf/ BudK;pm;aomaMumifh
ausmfaZmfudwådjzpf? þodkYyif opömw&m;rsm;udkum; zkwfavonfh
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xdkYaMumifhomoemawmfBuD;onf ,aeYtajctaersdK;uJh odkY
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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tjrifonf avmb? a’goudkvnf; rwm;jrpfEdkifjzpfygonf/
tusifhoDvysufjcif;onf ‘ku©jzpfonf[k tusifhoDv
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aumif;? raumif;udk,fwdkifrodolonf? raumif;onfudk
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xifvdkuvnf; xifEdkifygonf/ xdkYaMumifh olYtm;xkwfrIonf
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odjrifrSjzpfaom todynmrsm; b0acsmfoltwGuf rjzpfyGm;Edkif
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
600
jzpf&ygonf/
þodkYyif ynmw&m;rsm; rjzpfyGm;EdkifaMumif;jzpfaom
aMumifh arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrifrsm; tr®
jzpfaMumif; apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
vlrsm;udk uHESifhuH\tusdK;jzpfaom? udk,f EIwf ESvHk; trIrsm;ESifh
xdktrIrsm;\ tjzpfrsm;? rodEdkifaMumif; jzpfygonf/ vlrsm;onf
wOD;ESihfwOD; qufoG,f&mü udk,f EIwf ESvHk; oHk;yg;
wyg;yg;jzpfap? ESpfyg;jzpfap? oHk;yg;jzpfap? toHk;csMu&ygonf/
þodkY toHk;csMu &mü apwem[laom aphaqmfrIoabmuav;
yg0ifygonf/
þoabmuav;onf jzpfNyD;ysufoGm;aomfvnf;
rysufrDvnf; olESifhtwljzpfMuaom oabmrsm;udk oljzLouJhodkY
jzL&efESifh olrJouJhodkYrJ&ef ta&mifqdkygonf/ olr&SdNyD;aemuf vnf;
ordik ;f wifrw
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jzpfay:aompdwfudk olESifhtwl jzpfapygonf/
xdkYaMumifh uHjyKolonf xdkuHjyKqJjzpfap? jyKNyD;NyD;csif;
jzpfap? xdkuH\ tusdK;0dygufrsm;udk cHpm;&&Sdygonf/ þtaMumif;
xif&Sm;&ef qifjcifMunfh&ygrnf/ wpHkwckjyKvkyf olonf
ynmrJhjyKvkyfvQif rdrdjyKvkyfrIudk om,mrnfyifjzpf ygonf/
aumif;onfjzpfap? raumif;onfjzpfap rdrdjyKvkyfNyD; onfudk
auseyfrnf[k qdkvdkygonf/
þü jyKvkyfjcif;onf uHaZmpdwf? jyKNyD;onfudk auseyf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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jcif;onf 0dygufb0ifpdwf jzpfygonf/ þodkYyif uHESifh0dygufonf
cPwckpDjzpfí ememu©Pdw jzpfMuaomfvnf; umvuGyfvyf
tjcm;&Sdonfr[kwf jzpfygonf/ uHESifh0dygufonf rQpfESifh0g; yrm
jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Of
todtjrif&Sdolonf þüjzpfvm&onfrSm rarG;rD
xdkrSjyKcJhaomuHaMumifh jzpfonf[k ,lqrnfjzpfygonf/ þü
jyKvkyfaeaomuHaMumifhvnf; aoNyD; xdkrSmbuf tusdK;jzpfrnf[k
,lqrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Of
todtjrif&Sdolonf uHESifh0dyguf qufoG,fyHkudktodjzpfNyD; uH
uH\tusdK; rjrifolomjzpfygonf/
þodkY uHESifhuH\tusdK;udk vlrsm;rodrjrifapEdkifaMumif;
jzpfaomaMumifh arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrifrsm;
tr®jzpfaMumif; apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
omoemawmfü tav;teufxm;tyfaom y#dpo ö rkyÜg’f w&m;udk
em;vnfrIrjzpfapEdkifaMumif; jzpfygonf/ y#dpo ö rkyÜg’f w&m;onf
wvHrQvlü t0dZÆmtp Z&m r&P tqHk; wq,fh ESpfyg;vHk;aom
t*Fgrsm;? r&yfrem;jzpfyGm; vnfywfaeyHkjyaom w&m;jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; tpt*FgESpf&yfonf rarG;rD?
tqHk;t*FgESpf&yfrSm aoNyD; tem*gwf? tv,ft*Fg&Spf&yf? ypöKyÜef
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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ESpf&yfjzpfaom uH udavomrsm;aMumifh tv,f&Spf&yf? tusdK;
0dyguft*Fgrsm;jzpf? þtv,ftusdK;t*Fgrsm;aMumifh
tv,ftaMumif; uH udavomt*Fgrsm;xyfjyK? þodkY jyKaom
tv,ftaMumif; uH udavomrsm;aMumifh tqHk;tusdK;
ordik ;f wifrw
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0dyguft*Fgrsm;jzpf? þodkY wvHrQvlay:ü vnfywfaeMu&
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udavo0#f? ocFg&b0onf ur®0#f? 0dnmüemrf½kyf oVm,we
zó a0’em Zmwd Z&m r&P onf 0dygu0#f þodkYjzpfygonf/
vlü þ0#frsm; vnfaeygon/ t0dZÆm udavo0#faMumifh ocFg&
ur®0#fjzpfygonf/ ocFg&ur®0#faMumifh 0dnmOfemrf½kyf oVm,we
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0dygu0#fjzpfygonf/ wzefvnf; Zmwd Z&m r&P
0dygu0#faMumifh t0dZÆmudavo0#f jyefquf&ygonf/
þtjzpfonf wvHrQvlüjzpfaeaom puf&[wf
jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlrsm; &ufydkif;? vydkif;? ESpfydkif;twGif;
b0rsm; ajymif;vJoGm;Mujcif;jzpfygonf/ b0onf apwem\
trnfjzpfygonf/ udk,f EIwf ESvHk; taumif;tqdk;twdkif;
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onf vlüvnf;ygonf/ vlarG;ao tjyifbuf Munfholrsm;onf
y#dpo ö rkyÜg’fw&m;udk jrif&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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þodkY y#dpo ö rkyÜg’fw&m;udk vlrsm;rodapEdkifaMumif;
‘d|d paom vlrsm; a&S;OD;pGmy,ftyfaom udavomw&m;rsm;udk
&olrsm; ry,f&Sm;Edkif,HkrQru? wdk;yGm;apaMumif; jzpfygonf/
rdpäm’d|drsm;ü ykaAÁuwawwkurdpäm’d|donf arG;ao
tjyifbuf pdwful;,OftodtjrifrS aygufzGm;aom rdpäm’d|d
jzpfygonf/ £ó&edr®me a[wku rdpäm’d|dvnf; þtwlyif
arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrif&SdrS £ó&edr®me
vufcH&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ oówrdpäm’d|d?
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tEÅm*¾g[durdpäm’d|d rsm;onf arG;aotjyifbuf
pdwful;,Oftodtjrifrsm;rS aygufyGm;aom rdpäm’d|drsm; jzpfygonf/
rdpäm’d|d&Sdolonf bk&m;w&m;oHCm ponfrsm;ü
0Dpdudpämw&m; jzpfyGm;ygonf/ 0Dpdudpäm&Sdolrsm; rSm;aomtm;jzifh
oHk;oyftyfaom tusifhoDv oDvAÁwy&rmo w&m; jzpfyGm;
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qif;&Jjcif;rS rxGufEdkifaMumif; rdpäm’d|dw&m;udk arG;aotjyif
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arG;aotjyifbuf odjrifoifhaMumif; bk&m;a[m tm*r
wdkuf½dkuf&Sdonf[k ykxkZOfrsm; xifrSm;aumif;xifrSm;Edkifp&m
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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vm pum;jzpfygonf/ aemufb0jzpft,lESifh rjzpft,lESpfckrSm
rjzpft,lxuf jzpft,lu omvGefyHkwifjycsuf jzpfygonf/
arG;aotjyifbufü jzpfESifhrjzpf tajctaeESpf&yf teuf
w&yf&yfudk rvGJraoG vufcH&rnfqdkvQif jzpftajctae onf
vufcHxkdufaomtajctaejzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf
þodkYyifqdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ rjzpfcH,lvQifvnf; ‘d|d? jzpfcH,lvQif
vnf; ‘d|d? ‘d|djcif;wlaomfvnf; jzpf[kcH,lrIaMumifh jzpfaom
‘d|donf aumif;rIaumif;&m jyKp&m&SdaomaMumifh aumif;onf[k
ajym&jcif;jzpfygonf/ rjzpf’d|dcH,lolonf igwaumydkaum&ef
&SdaomaMumifh raumif;[k ajym&jcif;jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;onf jzpft,ludk cH,l&ef
ñTefcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/ rjzpft,l cH,ljcif;ESifhqdkifvQif aumif;rGefyHk
ajymcJhjcif;omjzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf þodkYaom
t,lrsm;udk r,l&efom ñTefjycJhygonf/ rZÑdredum,f
‘dCeokwfvm pum;jzifhyif odomygonf/ aoNyD;jzpfrjzpf
tp&Sdonfrsm;ü tm;vHk;jzpfap? tcsdKUjzpfap vufcHjcif;xuf
jzpfa&mrjzpfyg vufrcHjcif;onf tEkyg’gjzpf&ef &Sdojzifh
aumif;rGefonf[k a[mcJhjcif;jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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aoNyD;jzpf,l&ef a[movdk? xifzG,fjzpfygonf/ arG;ao
tjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrifonf jzpf[kcH,lonfjzpfap?
rjzpf[kcH,lonfjzpfap rdpäm’d|dyif jzpfygonf/
xdkb0rS uHjyKNyD; xdkuHysuf? xdkuHysufaomfvnf;
uHowådusef? xdkuHowådjzifh þbufb0? y#doaE¨0dyguf jzpf&ef
aus;Zl;jyK? xdkYaMumifh xdkb0 þb0onf tpyfvnf;r[kwf?
tjywfvnf;r[kwf? þodkY ‘d|dudk rsufvSnfhjyí tvGwfa&Smif&ef
BudK;pm;wwfMuygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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xdkrSmbufb0rS uHowåduav;onf þrSmbufb0odkY
rvm ra&muf rjzpfonfvnf;r[kwf? xdkrSmxuf uHESifhowådonf
þrSmbuf uH 0dygufr[kwfaomaMumifh vma&mufjzpfonf vnf;
r[kwf? þodkY vSnhfMuygonf/ þt,lonf ae0a[mwd
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rdpäm’d|dyifjzpfygonf/ y&rwfonmjzifh b,fodkYvSnfhpm;
aomfvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;aom ‘d|dZmvrS vGwfEkdifMu
jcif;r&Sd jzpfMuygonf/
þodkYyif arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrifrsm;
onf ‘d|dpaom udavomrsm;udk ry,f&Sm;apEdkifaMumif;rsm;
jzpfygonf/ þodkY ‘d|dpaom udavomudk ry,f&Sm;apEdkifaMumif;
jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf; ra[maomw&m;vnf;r[kwfonfh tr®
rsm;omjzpfaMumif; apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKp&mtjzpf rodapEdkifaMumif;jzpfygonf/
arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Oftodtjrif&Sdolrsm;onf arG;ao
tjyifbuf tjzpfrsm;udk qif;&Jrjzpfudk csrf;omedAÁmef þodkYodjrif
Muygonf/ edAÁmef(tEkyg’daoo)onf aoNyD;aemuf bmrQrjzpf
jcif;[kyif xifaeMuygonf/
okwåedygwfor®my&dAÁmZed,okwfü ykpämrdrkeð y[lwynH
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y&dedAÁmefonfyif ouf&Sdxif&Sm; jrwfbk&m;jzpfygonf/
tu,fü tEkyg’daooedAÁmefonf Oyg’gefr<uif;awmhaom
&[EÅm\ edAÁmefjzpfygonf/ edAÁmefonf vlwdkY\ udavom
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jiif;cHkaeMu&onftxd jzpfMu&onfrSm arG;aotjyifbuf
todtjrifrsm; tvTrf;rdk;cHMu&aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
þodkYyif rdrdwdkY rsufarSmufjyKp&m edAÁmefudkyif rodap
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onf bk&m;vnf;ra[m? w&m;vnf;r[kwfaom tr®
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&[ef;oHCmrsm;udk rnDrñGwf tuGJuGJtjym;jym; jzpfyGm;apEdkif
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aMumif; jzpfygonf/ arG;aotjyifbuf pdwful;,Of todtjrif
rsm;onf rnfolrQ udk,fwdkifrodaom todtjrifrsm;jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh þtodudk odolrsm;onf jiif;cHkrIESifhuif;Edkif&ef
taMumif;r&Sdjzpfygrnf/ þtodonf wOD;ESifhwOD; t,luGJjym;
aMumif; jzpfygonf/
t,luGJjym;jcif;onf w&m;r® uGJjym;jcif;yifjzpfygonf/
r®jcm;em;vQif 0de,nDñGwf&ef cJ,Of;ygonf/ 0de,rnDñGwf
vQif pm;zG,f 0wfzG,f oHk;aqmifzG,frsm;udk cGJa0rQw roHk;aqmif
Edkif jzpfygrnf/ roHk;aqmifEdkifvQif raemuH rSm;ygrnf/ rSm;vQif
0pDuHvnf; rSm;ygrnf/ rSm;vQif um,uHvnf; rSm;ygrnf/
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jzpfMuygrnf/ &[ef;oHCmrsm; rnDñGwfvQif vlrsm; rnDrñGwf
jzpfygrnf/ vlrsm; rnDñGwfvQif vlwdkYudktkyfcsKyfMuaom tpdk;&rsm;?
&yf&Gmrsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm; tpp tm;vHk; rnDrñGwf jzpfMuygrnf/
,aeY tajctaeonfvnf; þtwdkif;yifjzpfygonf/
,aeY omoemawmfonf r®üvnf; jiif;cHkaeMu&ygonf/
0ded,üom wOD;udk,fwOD; rsm;pGm rajym0Hhonftxd
jzpfaeMuygonf/ olYtwlwl? udk,fhtwlwl 0denf;w&m;ESifh
rnDñGwfrI tjynfh&SdaeMucsif;rsm; jzpfMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
pm;0wfaea&;üvnf; ajymzG,fr&Sdjzpfygonf/ udk,f EIwf ESvHk;
wdkYüom pOf;pm;omMunfhMu&ef jzpfygawmhonf/
þodkYjzpfaomaMumifh omoemawmfBuD;ü jrwfpGmbk&m;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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\ r®puúw&m;awmf\ owdåjzifh omoemawmf vIyf&Sm;Edkiftm;
r&Sdawmhonftxd xdk;&yfcJhNyDjzpfí r®pufESifh rnfodkYrQ
rywfoufaom tmPmpufudk iSm;&rf;wyfqifcJhonftxd
jzpfaeNyDjzpfygonf/ þodkY jzpf&onfrSm &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;
rnDrñGwf tuGJuGJ tjym;jym;jzpfyGm;MuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
þodkY &[ef;oHCmrsm; rnDrñGwf tuGJuGJtjym;jym;
jzpfyGm;apEkdifaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh arG;aotjyifbuf
todtjrifrsm;onf bk&m;ra[maom? w&m;vnf;r[kwfaom
tr®rsm;jzpfaMumif; apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uq&mawmfrsm;bk&m;-
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todtjrifrsm;ESifh pyfí owå0gaoNyD;jzpfonf[kvnf;aumif;?
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jzpfrjzpf ponfrsm;ra[maMumif;udk edum,fwdkif;ü a[mMum;
jcif;jzpfygonf/ ‘DCedum,füvnf; a[mygonf/ rZÑdredum,f
üvnf; a[mygonf/ oH,kwåedum,füvnf; a[mygonf/
t*Fkwå&edum,füvnf; a[mygonf/ ck’úedum,füvnf;
a[mygonf/
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tm;vHk;udk xkwfEkwfavQmufrnfr[kwfyg/ odom,HkrQtjzpfjzifh
edum,fwckrS wokwfESpfokwfrQ xkwfEIwfavQmufxm;rnf
jzpfygonf/
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bk&m;a[mMum;jcif;rjyKaMumif; a[mMum;csufudk a&S;OD;qHk;
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aygXyg’okwåefü aygXyg’y&AdkZfu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;
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£’ar0opöH armCrnEÅd? owå0gaoNyD;jzpfw,f
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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wxm*awm? y&Hr&Pm £’ar0 opöH armC
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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- ‘gudk jrwfpGmbk&m; bmaMumifhrdkY ra[mwmvnf;vdkY
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&Sdw,f pkE´/
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jrwfpGmbk&m;onf qufvufrdefYMum;ygonf/
- {0H 0g’daempkE´ tnwdwåd,m y&dAÁmZum {0rók
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g,? eedAÁd’g,oH0wåwd? wo®wH b*0wm
tAsmuwH/
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ra[mbl; igh&SifvdkY omoemyy&AdkZfawGudk
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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qufvufa[majymcsufrsm;jzifh odomxif&Sm;apygrnf/
oDvu©efayg|yg’okwfü aygXyg’y&AdkZfu jrwfpGmbk&m;tm;
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jrwfpGmbk&m;u bmudka[mygovJ bk&m;/
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‘ku©eda&mag wdacg? aygXyg’ r,mAsmuwH?
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- uo®myaewH baEÅ b*0wm AsmuwH?
- jrwfpGmbk&m;u ‘gudkbmaMumifhrdkY a[mwmvJbk&m;/
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bk&m;u ajzygonf/
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- XmeH acgyaewH pkE´ 0dZÆwd,H tnwdw¬d,m
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- &[ef; a*gwr bmudka[movJ igh&SifvdkY omoemy
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
614
AsmuwH (y) t,H’ku©eda&m? *grd ed y#dy’gwd?
acgtm0kaom b*0wm AsmuwH/
- ‘g ‘ku©vdkY bk&m;a[mw,f igh&Sif y&AdkZfudk (y) ‘g
‘ku©Nidrf;aMumif;vdkY bk&m;a[mw,f/ igh&Sif
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y&dAÁmZum {0H0a’,sHKuo®m? yaewH tm0kaom
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;apaom tcsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
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jzpfrjzpf t,lrsm; pdwfcsvufcs ,lrSm;vmcJhMuygonf/
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t|uxmq&m&Sif Ak’äCmo jyKcJhygonf/
omoemawmfü tmp&d,0g’&SifBuD;rsm;onf bk&m;a[m
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
617
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twGif; rcsroGif;Edkif&ef jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf r®cE¨m trsm;tjym;udk a[mawmf
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opömrqdkufaomw&m;onf bk&m;w&m;r[kwfyg/
bk&m;w&m;twGif;ü tu,fí opömrqdkufaom
wyk’fwyg’jzpfap yg&SdonfqdkvQif xdkw&m;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\
w&m;a,mifaqmifaomw&m;? odkYr[kwf twkjzpfaomw&m; þodkY
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
618
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bk&m;a[mw&m;twGif; yg0ifaeonfqkdvQif xdkw&m;rsm;onf
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xkwfjycJhcsufü jrwfpGmbk&m;onf opömav;yg;udka[maMumif;
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tp&dSonfjzpfí opömrsm;a[m&aMumif;jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
619
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ra[m[lívnf; xGufygonf/ opömw&m;r[kwfí bk&m;
ra[m[lívnf; xGufygonf/
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621
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ea[mwd wxm*awm y&H r&Pmwd0g/
tAsmuw ar0wH rmvkusykwåuxm*awe tó?
txaom yk*a¾ vm umvHua&,s/
- owå0gaoNyD;jzpfrjzpf bk&m;ra[morQ bk&m;xH
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rmvkusykwå/
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Oyrmjzifhvnf; þpum;udkqufí rdefYMum;ygonf/ wzef
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- {0rÜdaem onfvdkawmhr[kwfyg/
rmvkusykwåtm; qufí oabmxm;udkrdefYMum;ygonf/
- a[mwdwxm*awm y&Hr&Pmwd0g? ea[mwd
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- tmudk igra[mwmvJqdkvsif owå0gaoNyD;
jzpfrjzpfvdkY igra[mwm rmvkusykwå/
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rdefYygonf/
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rmvkusykwå twåoH[dwH (y) edAÁme, oH0wåwd
wo®mwH r,mAsmuwH/
- bmvdkY ‘gudk iga[movJqdkvsif ‘guawmh
tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhpyfvdkY (y) wPSmuif;bdkYjzpfvdkY ‘gudk
iga[mwm rmvkusykwå/
þodkY jrefrmvdktm;jzifh jzpfygonf/
owå0gaoNyD; jzpfrjzpf ponfudk bk&m;ra[maMumif;
tckdiftvHkod&Sdp&mjzpfygonf/
þodkY vif;yg;zG,f&Sdonfudk avQmufxm;&ygrnf/
owå0gaoNyD; jzpfrjzpf ponf bk&m;ra[m[k qdkojzifh
owå0gaoNyD;jzpfrjzpf ponfrSm bk&m;ra[maomfvnf;
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf jzpfrjzpfudk r,lonfr[kwf [líjzpfygonf/
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- twådye abmawm a*gwró udÍd’öXd*wH
- toQifa*gwrrSm vGefwJhtjrif ‘dXdt,l wpHkwck
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eda&mgpm*g y#dedó*¾g tEkyg’g0drkawåm wd0’grd/
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jzpfaMumif; csKyfaMumif;vdkY ‘gudkyJ igbk&m;jrifw,f/
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tpGJuif;vGwfajrmufNyDvdkY igajymwmyJ 0pä/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf owå0gaoNyD;aemuf jzpfrjzpf ponf
ra[m½Hkomr[kwfbJ ra[movdk ,lvnf;r,lyHkrSm xif&Sm;vS
ygNyD/ jzpfrjzpf r,lyHkonf þokwfygpum;rsm;jzifh ay:vGif
vGef;vSí qufvufavQmufxm;&ygrnf/ t*¾d0päESifh jrwfpGm
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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- awe[d abma*gwr eOyyZÆwd?
- onfvdkqdkvQif y#doaE¨raebl;vm; t&Sifa*gwr/
- eOyyZÆwdwd acg0pä eOaywd/
- y#doaE¨raebl;vdkYvnf; ra&mufbl; 0dpä/
- awe[dawm a*gwr ae0OyrZÆdwde eOyyZÆwDwd/
- onfvdkqdkvQif y#doaE¨ aewmvnf;r[kwf?
raewmvnf; r[kwfvdkYvm; toQifa*gwr/
- ae0OyyZÆwd eeOyyZÆwDwd acg 0päeOaywd/
- y#doaEäewmvnf;r[kwf? raewmvnf;r[kwf
vdkYvnf;ra&mufbl; 0pä/
t*¾d0päonf olar;wdkif; eOaywd ra&muf[kcsnf;
tajzudk&aomaMumifh ÓPfwHk;oGm;NyDjzpfaMumif; jrwfpGmbk&m;
tm; avQmufxm;aomaMumifh jrwfpGmbk&m;u qufvuf
rdefYMum;ygonf/
- wHwð rnod0pä oapaw yk&awm t*¾Zav,s?
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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- Zmae,sm[H
- wynfhawmf odEdkifvmygw,f/
- t,Ht*¾d uð y#dpZvwd?
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- wdP uXKyg’geH y#dp Zvwd/
- jrufxif;udkpGJí avmifygw,f/
- oap aw0pä yk0awm t*¾d edAÁmay,s Zmae,s
odwGH t,Har yl&awm t*¾dedAÁLawm/
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- Zmae,sm[H
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- aomt*¾d£awm uxrH’doH *awm?
- tJonfrD; onfu b,ft&yfudkoGm;ovJ/
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- b,frSmrS ra&mufygbl; toQifa*gwr/ tJonf
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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(rD;awmufESifhxif;vdkyJ) today;&rnf 0pä/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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þodkYaom tcsufrsm;aMumifh ykxkZOfrsm;onf jrwfpGm
bk&m;a[mMum;aomw&m;awmfrsm;udk a[majymjyojcif;?
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ykxkZOfrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmfudk a[majym
jyoydkYcsa&;om;aeMurnfhtpm; udk,fwdkifusifhBuHoifhvSygonf/
udk,fwdkifrusifhBuHbJ olwyg;tm; a[majymjyoydkYcsa&;om;
aejcif;onf r½dk;om;Edkif&efjzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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em,lzwfrSwf usifhBuHMuolrsm;rSm xdkYxuf tqrsm;pGm epfem
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udk,fr&ouJhodkY olwyg;yg r&atmif jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh twlyif
jzpfygonf/ tu,fvnf;r& jzpfMuygonf/
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toHaumif;umrQjzifh w&m;ra[m&ef? w&m;tm;xkwf
wwfumrQjzifh w&m;rjy&ef? tbdr®m odumrQjzifh
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ygonf/ tn§dKUtiSif trdcHMu&ygonf/
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*k½k wdkif;ukef;q&mawmfBuD;trSL;jyKaom EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;
0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1) q&mawmfrsm;udk ausmufoabFm0g’
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
670
0dedpä,rdefYMum;csufrsm;ü edAÁmefudk vlYtjyiftyjzpfaMumif; jyoEdkif&ef
tancE¨m tnHedAÁmeEÅd tmrEÅm[laompum;udk uxm0w¬KygVd
tbdr®musrf;ürvmbJ ygVdtwkvkyfí vSnfhpm;rIjzifh rw&m;ol
tr®0g’Drsm;tjzpf rSm;,Gif;vGefusL; aMumif;
avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf ausmufoabFm0g’Drsm; r[kwfMuyg/
ausmufoabFm0g’Djzpfí ausmufoabFm 0dedpä,udk rauseyf
aomaMumifh 0dedpä,rIudk vIyfajcmufjcm;&ef apm’emjcif;[k
txifrrSm;Mu&ef avQmufxm;&ygrnf/ wynfhawmfwdkY\
þapm’emrIonf ausmufoabFm 0dedpä,rIESifhroufqdkifyg/
ausmufoabFm0dedpä,q&mawmfwdkY\ trSm;twGuf oD;jcm;
jzpfaom apm’emcsufjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh þapm’emcsuf onf
ausmufoabFm0g’Djzpfí apm’emaom apm’emcsuf r[kwfaMumif;
avQmufxm;&ygrnf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf þomoemawmfü jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum;cJhaom t&d,opömrsm;rS ‘ku©udk ydkif;jcm;odNyD;ol?
ork’,udky,fNyD;ol? eda&modkYqdkufNyD;ol? r*¾udkyGm;NyD;ol?
t&d,mrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh þapm’emcsufonf
omoemawmftwGuf r[mepfemcsufrsm; rjzpfyGm;&ef
wm;qD;aomtm;jzifh apm’emaom apm’emcsufom jzpfygonf/
xdkYjyifvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYonf þapm’emcsufudk
rapm’emvQif rjzpfaomaMumifh apm’em&jcif;jzpfvnf; jzpfaMumif;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
671
avQmufxm;&ygrnf/ ,aeY omoemawmfonf ykxkZOf
(trdkuftuef;)rsm; vTrf;rdk;aeNyD;jzpfaom omoem jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh omoemawmftwGuf tmPm&Sdolrsm;u jyKonfqdkvQif
rnfolrQrajymqdk0Hhonftxd xdwfvefYMuolrsm;
]]wo}}yk*d¾Kvfrsm;csnf; jzpfaeonftxd jzpfygonf/
oltjypfajymvQif udk,fhtjypfazmfrnfxifí udk,fpDudk,fi
tjypf&SdMuaomaMumifh rajym0Hh0Hh &SdaeMuygonf/ xm0&yk*d¾Kvf[lí
wnfwnfwefYwefY ajymqdk0Hholrsm; þomoemü r&Sdjzpfaeygonf/
ausmif;iJh csrf;iJh ‘umiJh tausmf tapmiJhjzpfaeMuygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
xdkYaMumifh wpfOD;OD;u vuf&JZuf&JjyKrlvkyfBuHMurnf
qdkvQif xdktrIudk rodrjrifvnf; jzpfMuygonf/ odaomfrS wo
yk*d¾Kvfrsm;yDyD aMumufxdwfpdk;&GHUNyD; roduRefjyKaeMuygonf/
wnfwnfwHhwHhjzifh trSm;udktrSm;[k aMumufxdwfuif;&SJ &J0HhpGm
wifjy0Hhol xm0&yk*d¾Kvfr&Sd jzpfaeygonf/
xdkYaMumifh olrsm;rjy&JaomtrSm;udk trSm;[kjy&ef
wm0efonf wynfhawmfwdkYuJhodkYaom? olrsm;twGuf oufouf
wm0efuJhodkY jzpfvmygonf/ xdkYaMumifh þapm’emonf
wynfhawmfwdkYrjyKvQif rjzpfaom apm’emjzpfí apm’em&jcif;
vnf; jzpfygonf/
q&mawmfrsm;bk&m;/
tancE¨m tnHedAÁmeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom pum;rSm
t*¾r[my@dw tbdZr[m&|*k½k wdkif;ukef;q&mawmfBuD;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
672
trSL;&Sdaom EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(1) q&mawmfrsm;
vkyfBuHxm;aom ygVdjzpfygonf/ EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;
0denf;dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(1) q&mawmfrsm;onf þygVdudk uxm0w¬K
ygVdawmf[k ausmufoabFm0dedpä,pmtkyfü twdtus ñTefjy
xm;ygonf/ þygVdrSm uxm0w¬KygVd tbdr®musrf;ü vkH;0
yg0ifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh þygVdrSm ygVdtwkomjzpfygonf/
EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;dk&ftrSwf(1) q&mawmfrsm;
vkyfBuHxm;aom ygVdomjzpfygonf/
ygVdü r&Sdonfudk t&Sd? ygVdü ra[monfudk ta[mjyK
jcif;onf omoemawmfudk rsm;pGmepfemapygonf/ t*¾r[m
y@dw tbdZr[m&|*k½k bGJUwHqdyfawmf& q&mawmfBuD;
OD;pD;aom q&mawmfrsm;pum;jzpfjcif;aMumifhvnf; ydkíepfemap
ygonf/ trSm;MumvQif trSefjzpf[laom y&dbmomtwdkif;?
aemuftcg t&SnfMumvQif þuJhodkYaom q&mawmfBuD;rsm;\
pum;jzpfonf[kqdkum ausmufxD;uEÅKtav;jyKp&m[k rSwf,lum
trSefjyKoGm;Murnfjzpfygonf/
tancE¨m tnHedAÁmeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom pum;udk
trSefpum;pk tjyKcH&vQif omoemawmftwGuf r[mepfemrI udk
rvGJraoG&ifqdkif&NyD;jzpfygonf/ cE¨mESifhedAÁmef wjcm;pDqdkwm
[kwfw,f[laom pum;omoemawmftwGif; rif;rlNyDqdkvQif
opöm,EÅ&m; tysufjym;cH&NyDjzpfygonf/ opöm,EÅ&m;ysufjym;NyD
qdkvQif opömudk tESpfjyKwnfaqmufxm;aom omoemawmf vnf;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
ordik ;f wifrw
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673
ysufNyD[kyif qdk&rnfuJhodkY jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tancE¨m
tnHedAÁmef eEÅd tmrEÅm[laom ygVdür&SdbJ t&Sdvkyf ñTefjyjcif;onf
omoemawmfudk rysufysufatmif zsufjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
tancE¨m tnHedAÁmefeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom pum;onf
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&d,opöm tbdr®mudk ykwfcwfwdkufcdkuf
zsufqD;aompum;jzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&d,opöm
tbdr®mü ‘ku©udk ydkif;jcm;odrIork’,udk y,frI eda&mqdkufrI
r*¾udk yGm;rsm;rIrsm;onf wcsdefpDjym;í wjcm;pDjzpfMuonf
r[kwfaomw&mrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
‘ku©odNyD;aemufrS ork’,udk wcgy,fae&onf
r[kwfyg/ ‘ku©odrIESifh ork’,y,frIrSm ‘ku©udk odjcif;onfyif
ork’,y,fNyD;jzpfygonf/ wcsdefwnf;ü jzpfMuygonf/ xdkYtwl
‘ku©odrIork’,y,frIESifh eda&mqkdufrIrSmvnf; wcsdefwnf;
jzpfygonf/ odrI y,frIjzpfjcif;onfyif Nidrf;at;rIqdkufjcif;jzpfyg
onf/ odrI y,frIjyKonfuwjcm; Nidrf;at;rIqdkufonfuwjcm;?
þodkY r[kwfyg/ odíy,fNyD;aemufrS Nidrf;at;rIudk oD;oefYoGm;
qdkufae&onfr[kwf[k qdkvdkygonf/ ody,fqdkufyGm;ESifh yGm;vnf;
þtwl wcsdefwnf;jzpfygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ opömav;yg; ,EÅ&m;onf tjcm;tjcm;
aom puf,EÅ&m;rsm;ESifhtwlyif puftpdwftydkif;rsm; wNydKifeuf
tvkyfvkyfaeMu&aom ,EÅ&m;jzpfygonf/ opömwyg;ESifhwyg;
tcsdefjcm; ae&mjcm;í jzpfyGm;Muonfr[kwfyg/ ‘ku©? ork’,
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
674
r*¾opömrsm;om cE¨mrSm&Sdí eda&monf cE¨mrS wjcm;rSm&Sdonf
qdkvQif t&d,opömav;yg;onf puf,EÅ&m;yif tb,fodkY
jzpfygawmhrnfenf;/ pufwpfckü puftpdwftydkif; av;ck&Sd&m
oHk;ckrSmom þrSm&Sdí wckonf tjcm;rSm&SdonfqdkvQif þpuf
onf vnfí Edk;í&aompufyif rrnf&myg/
xdkYaMumifh tancE¨m tnHedAÁmefeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom
t*¾r[my@dw tbdZr[m&|*k½k wdkif;ukef;q&mawmfBuD;
trSL;jyKaom EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;dk&ftrSwf(1) q&mawmfrsm;\
vkyfBuHygVd tbdr®mrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;\ t&d,
opömomoemawmfudk &p&mr&Sdatmif ykwfcwfwdkufcdkuf
zsufqD;aom rsm;pGmqdk;npf,kwfrmaom vkyfBuHrIpum;om
jzpfygonf/
þodkY omoemawmf vkyfBuHcH&rIonf avmutwGuf
ordik ;f wifrw
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vnf; rsm;pGmrSyif epfemrIrsm;jzpfaprnfjzpfygonf/ vlrsm;onf
opöm,EÅ&m;\ &SifoefvnfywfrIudk rawGUrjrifEdkifMu& jzpfMu
ygrnf/ opöm ,EÅ&m;tpdwftydkif;jzpfaom ‘ku© ork’, r*¾
wjcm; edAÁmefeda&m wjcm;awGUMu&rnfom jzpfygonf/ ,EÅ&m;
r[kwfbJ ,EÅ&m;tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzifh vlwdkYtwGuf tb,fodkY
rsufaphvnf ajyMuygrnfenf;/ ydkíyif rsufaphvnfMu&ygrnf/
eda&mopömqdkufrIOnf ‘ku©odjcif; ponfrS
wjcm;jzpfonfqdkvQif eda&mopömonf edu@em#ykwå\
r®jzpfaom oHo&mrS ajy;vTm;&rIrsm; &yfqdkif;rI[lonfESifh
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
675
tb,fodkY jcm;Muygrnfenf;/ edu@rsm;onf rarG;rDu trIrsm;
ukef&ef’ku©cHMuonf/ rukefvQif aoNyD;usifvnf&OD;rnfaMumifh
jzpfonf/ ukefvQif aoNyD;rusifvnf&awmh[k jzpfonf/
v,fwDq&mawmfonf edAÁmeftzGifhü cEëdAÁmefonf
þtwdkif;jzpfygonf/ v,fwD\ cEëdAÁmefonf opöm,EÅ&m;udk
wckpDvGifhusJaeonf[k t,lrSm;aMumifh jzpfyGm;aom Oapä’rdpäm
‘d|domjzpfygonf/ tancE¨m tnHedAÁmeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom
t,ltqrsm;uJhodkY opömav;yg;udk umvXmewjcm;pD
t,ltqrSm;aMumif; jzpf&jcif;jzpfygonf/
yxr a&Tusifq&mawmf\ ½kyfxl; emrfxl; edAÁmefonf
vnf; opöm,EÅ&m;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpfaom ‘ku©odrI
ponfuwjcm;? eda&mqdkufrI ponfuwjcm;? þodkY opömrsm;
umvXme jcm;aomaMumifh jzpfyGm;aom oówrdpäm’d|dom
jzpfygonf/
tancE¨m tnHedAÁmeEÅd tmrEÅm[laom t*¾r[m y@dw
tbdZr[m&|*k½k wdkif;ukef;q&mawmftrSL;&Sdaom
EdkifiHawmfoDjcm;0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(1) q&mawmfwdkY\ vkyfBuH
tbdr®monf þodkYyif vlom;tm; oówOapä’rdpäm’dXd
q&mrsm;jzpfyGm;NyD; ‘ku©a&,mOfaMum ajrmatmif jyKaeaom
qdk;0g;aomvkyfBuHrIjzpfygonf/
þuJhodkY avmuomoemESpfjzmvHk;udk &p&mr&Sdatmif
zsufqD;aeaomtrSm;udk EdkifiHawmftqifhjcifh ygVdür&SdbJ t&Sdvkyfí
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
676
&rf;um;usL;vGefjcif;jzpfaomaMumifh þvGefusL;rIudk
EdkifiHawmftqifhtxd vlod&SifMum; rSm;rSefodatmif tus,f w0ifh
pD&ifESdyfuGufz,f&Sif;jzefYa0ay;Mu&ef wynfhawmfrsm;u
ordik ;f wifrw
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tav;teufavQmufxm;awmif;qdktyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a&Tjrifwifawmif
rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f/
rif;uGef;-rEÅav;pmwdkuf
rdwåLudk - ygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef/
- ygwDokawoeXme? &efukef/
- EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|? &efukef/
- EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf? &efukef/
- omoema&;0efBuD;? &efukef/
- wdkif;ESifhjynfe,ftoD;oD;&Sd oHCmhem,utzGJU
Ouú|rsm;odkY ay;ydkYonf/
__________
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
677
odYk
Ouú|
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20-1-83/
taMumif;t&m/ aMumifyef;0g’udk tr®tjzpf? apm’em
Muaom apm’uq&mawmfrsm;? r® jzpfaom
(19)csufudk tr®[k pGyfpGJaom aMumifh
t r ® 0 g ‘ D r s m ; j z p fa o m fv n f;
tr®0g’DpGefYvTwfaMumif; vufrSwfxdk;jcif;
r&Sdí tr®0g’Drsm;om jzpfaeao;Mumif;ESifh
þtr®0g’D apm’umwdkYtm; tr®0g’
pGefYvTwfa&; ESdrfeif;ay;&ef apm’emvTm/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf aMumifyef;0g’0dedpä, pmtkyfudk
zwf½IMu&ygonf/ þpmtkyfü apm’ursm;onf aMumifyef;0g’
tay:odkY tcsuf(43)csuf apm’emMuygonf/ aMumifyef; 0g’D
rsm;u (12)csuf jiif;ygonf/ 0dedpä,rsm;u (22)csufudk tr®
(19)csufudk r®[kqHk;jzwfMuygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
678
þodkYjzpfaomaMumifh aMumifyef;0g’D t&Sifjrwfrsm;onf
ordik ;f wifrw
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olawmfaumif;rsm;yDyD olwdkY,HkrSm;rdaom tr®rsm;udk pGefYvTwf
aMumif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;oGm;Muygonf/ þtaMumif;udk
gwfyHkrsm;ESifhwuG vufrSwfrsm;yg azmfjyxm;onfudk txift&Sm;
jzpfMu&ygonf/
þodkYjzpfaomfvnf; apm’uq&mawmfrsm;onf
aMumifyef;0g’Drsm;udk zdzdESdyfESdyf ykwfykwfcwfcwf apm’emMupOfu
apm’emMuNyD;? olwdkYapm’emcsufrsm;onfyif r®udk tr®jyKrd
aomaMumifh tr®0g’Drsm; jzpfaevQuf tr®0g’Dudk pGefYvTwfjcif;
r&SdbJ t&Sufuif;pGm aecGifh&aeMuygonf/
apm’uq&mawmfrsm;onf w&m;udk rw&m;[k
apm’emMuolrsm;jzpfí rw&m;aom apm’utr®0g’D apm’ursm;
jzpfaeMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tr®0g’udk apm’u rsm;
pGefYvTwf&efESifh pGefYvTwfaMumif; gwfyHkESifhvufrSwfrsm; vlod&SifMum;
azmfjyay;&ef vdktyfvSygonf/ xdkYxuf aMumifyef; q&mawmf
olawmfaumif;rsm;udkyif r®udk tr®apm’emrdí awmif;yefjcif;yif
jyKvkyfoifhMuygonf/
þodkYjzpfvQuf apm’uq&mawmfrsm;onf wpHkw&mrQ
rjyKrd&SdcJhMuygonf/ xdkYaMumifh aMumifyef;0g’Drsm; tr®jzpfaMumif;
apm’emol apm’uq&mawmfrsm;onf tr® 0g’Drsm;jzpfygonf/
þtr®0g’Drsm;tm; tr®0g’ pGefYvTwfap&ef pGefYvTwfaMumif;
vlod&SifMum; vufrSwfa&;xdk;ap&ef wynfhawmf rsm;u
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
679
aMumifyef;0g’apm’ursm;jzpfol OD;ynm0Ho? OD;okZmw?
OD;*rÇD&Ak’¨d(r®p&d,ygVdyg&*l) OD;aZmwdu (r®mp&d,)wdkYtm;
q&mawmfwdkY EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,uxH avQmufxm;
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a&Tjrifwifawmif
toD;oD;odkY ay;ydkYygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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__________
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
680
odYk
Ouú|
&efukefNrdKU/
aeYpGJ? 20-1-83/
taMumif;t&m/ EdkifiHawmf oD;jcm;0denf;dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2)
q&mawmfrsm;\ vlaovljzpf 0g’gEk0g’
0dedpä,pmtkyfü w&m;r[kwfonfudk
w&m;vkyfwifjycsuf tr®udky,fzsuf
ESdrfeif;ay;&ef apm’emvTm/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf aomwdwm½Hkq&mawmf trSL;jyKaom
EdkifiHawmfoD;jcm;0denf;dk&ftzGJUtrSwf(2) q&mawmfrsm;
]]vlaovljzpf 0g’gEk0g’0dedpä,}}pmtkyfBuD;udk zwfMu&ygonf/
þpmtkyfBuD; pmrsufESm(607)? pmaMumif;(13)ü 0dpdudpäm
aoNyD;jzpf rjzpf? ,HkrSm;jcif;om jzpfaMumif;? aoNyD; jzpfonf[k
twdtusqHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifjcif;onf 0dpdudpämudk
y,fjcif;jzpfaMumif; wifjyxm;ygonf/
þwifjycsufonf rarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaeudk
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
681
vlrsm;tm;ñTefMum;today;aeaom wifjycsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
vlrarG;rDESifh aoNyD;tajctaersm;onf w&m;r[kwfaom?
onfudk ta[mvkyfaom þwifjycsufudk tr®0g’jzpfaMumif;
qHk;jzwfy,fzsufESdrfeif;ay;&ef w&mawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCmh
r[mem,utzGJU½Hk;odkY avQmufxm;apm’emtyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP0EÅ
a&Tjrifwifawmif
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toD;oD;odkY ay;ydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
682
__________
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
683
qufuyf&ef-
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w q i fh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NrdKUe,foHCmhem,utzGJUOuú|
-NrdKU
aeYpGJ? 1344ck? jymodkvqkwf (7)&uf/
taMumif;t&m/ 0kodwjA[®p&d,ujzpfol wynfhawmftm;
tajctjrpfr&Sdaom oDv0dyÜwådjzifh pGyfpGJ
ESdyfpufzsufqD;rIrjyKEdkifa&;twGuf owd
0denf;ay;&ef oHCxHw&m;0ifawmif;
qdkjcif;/
½dkaopGm OD;cdkufavQmufxm;tyfygonf/
omoemawmf&Sd tm;vHk;aom oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfrsm;
bk&m;/ wynfhawmf avQmufxm;awmif;qdktyfygonf/ oHCm
onf wynfhawmftm; rnfodkYaom yk*dK¾ vfurQ tajctjrpfr&Sd
aom oDv0dyÜwådjzifh pGyfpGJESdyfpufzsufqD;rIrjyKEdkif&ef OwådpwkwåuH
jyKí owd0denf;ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; avQmufxm;awmif;qdk
tyfygonfbk&m;/ wynfhawmfonf owd0denf;udk awmif;qdk
cGifh&Sdol uwu&PD,cDPmo0 jzpfygonfbk&m;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
684
,aeYtcsdefü wynfhawmfonf EdkifiHawmf oHCmhr[m
em,utzGJUodkY omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm
qufuyf&mrS udavomcyfodrf; Nidrf;NyD;ol[laom pum;t&
EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utzGJU wGJbuftusdK;aqmif OD;0PÖoD&d\
wdkufwGef;csufjzifh ppfudkif;wdkif; vufaxmuf omoema&;t&m&Sd
OD;pdk;jrifhu tajctjrpfuif;rJhaom pwkwåyg&mZdu oDv0dyÜwådjzifh
pGyfpGJESdyfpufzsufqD;&ef BudK;pm;ae rIudk cHae&ygonf/
ordik ;f wifrw
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xrf;vQuf udk,fruRrf;aomvrf;udk tajy;tvQifavQmufí
arSmufvJ0efydcHMu&onftxd rdkufrJMuygonf/ *kPvmb0d’¨
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yk*dK¾ vfrsm;tm; ay;&NrJjzpfaom owd0denf;udk OwådpwkwåuHjyKí
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
685
apm’emapol? apm’emol? 0dedpä,jyKol? þoltm;vHk;onf
wynfhawmftm; tajctjrpfr&Sdaom pwkw¬
yg&mZduoDvysufpD;rIjzifh pGyfpGJESdyfpufzsufqD;aeMuygonf/
olwdkYonf w&m;&onfudk£if; w&m;r&onfudk£if;? rodMuol
rsm;omjzpfMuygonf/ ukefukefajymvQif olwdkYonf w&m;udkyif
rodMuolrsm;jzpfMuygonf/ olwdkYudk oHCmhrsufarSmuf ac:,lí
þtaMumif;rsm;udk ar;pdppfMunfhvQif txift&Sm;jzpfrnf
jzpfygonf/
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xdkufwefaom pum;ajymonfudk tajctjrpfr&Sdaom tjypfjzifh
wynfhawmfudk pGyfpGJESdyfpuf zsufqD;&efBudK;pm;Muygonf/ olwdkYonf
w&m;udk pmxJayxJrSmom awGUzl;umrQjzpfí w&m;udkrQ
rodMuolrsm;jzpfaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkY w&m;&onfudkvnf;
enf;enf;rQ &dyfrdEdkifjcif;r&Sdolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; olwdkYonf wynfhawmfu w&m;r&bJ
w&m;&aMumif; ajymrdonf[k 0efcHonfudk vHk;0rawGUbl;bJ
tajctjrpfvHk;0r&Sdaom pwkw¬yg&mZdutjypfjzifh wynfhawmf
wdkYudk ESdyfpufzsufqD;&ef BudK;pm;Muygonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkY\
tajctjrpfr&Sdaom pwkw¬yg&mZdutmywfjzifh pGyfpGJESdyfpuf
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Nidrf;at;ay;Mu&ef awmif;qdk&jcif;jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
686
bk&m;? Mum;odawmfrlMu&ef wynfhawmf avQmufxm;tyfygonf
bk&m;/ wynfhawmfonf avmursufvHk;jzpfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
a[mMum;tyfaom r*fav;wef zdkvfav;wef trSefyif&&SdNyD;ygNyD
bk&m;/
wynfhawmf\ pum;onf txifjzifhajymaom pum;?
ighpum;EGm;&pum;? pum;rdkYqdk ysm;rdkYcsdKpum;? tpp pum;&yf
rsm;ESifh axGjym;a&m,SufzG,f&Sdaom pum;jzpfonf[k rodolrsm;
u xifaumif;xifygrnf/
wynfhawmfpum;udk Mum;umrQr[kwfbJ ,Hkpm;awmf
rlMuEdkifMu&ef wynfhawmfpum;\ teuftwåudk wynfhawmf
udk,fwdkif &Smjyap&ef wynfhawmfudk awmif;qdkMu&efjzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfonf wynfhawmfpum;\ teuftwåodvdkí
awmif;qdkvmoltm; teuftwåazmfjy&ef toifh&Sdaeol jzpfygonf/
yk*d¾Kvfujzpfap? *dkPf;ujzpfap? oHCmujzpfap? tcsdefra&G;?
ae&mra&G;? tqifhra&G; ñTefjy&ef jzpfygonf/
jrefrmjynfü omoemawmfonf aetoGif vtoGif
xif&Sm;xGef;um;aeygonf/ y&d,wftm;jzifh yd#uwfoHk;yHk
EIwfiHkaqmifaeaom q&mawmfrsm;yif oHk;av;yg;ru &SdaeygNyD/
wyHkaqmif? ESpfyHkaqmifrsm;um; trsm;tjym;jzpfygonf/ yd#uwf
oHk;yHk EIwfiHkaqmifq&mawmfrsm;xH wynfhawmfñTefjyaom
r®wåtm; rSm;,Gif;aMumif; &SmazGrdefYMum;ay;&ef avQmufxm;
MunfhMuapcsifygonf/ y#dywfbufrSvnf; &dyfomq&mawmfrsm;?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
687
awmaeq&mawmfrsm; trsm;tjym;&Sdygonf/
xdkq&mawmfrsm;xHvnf; wynfhawmfrsm;ñTefjyaom
r®wåtm; rSm;,Gif;aMumif;&SmazGrdefYMum;ay;&ef avQmufxm;
EdkifMuygonf/
avmuDbufrSvnf; odyÜH 0dZÆmü yg&*lajrmuf
aygufa&mufMuol &[ef;&Sifvltrsm; &Sdygonf/ xdkolwdkYxHvnf;
wynfhawmfrsm; ñTefjyaom r®wåtm; rSm;,Gif;aMumif; &SmazG
ay;&ef rdefYMum;EdkifMuygonf/
xdkoltm;vHk;onf wynfhawmfñTefjyaom r®wåtm;
rSm;,Gif;aMumif;rjyEdkifbJ &Sdap&ygrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
wynfhawmfonf trSefudk jrwfpGmbk&m;ñTefjyonfhtwdkif;
ordik ;f wifrw
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udk,fwdkifxdk;azgufNyD; odjrifNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh xdkoltm;vHk;udkyif wNydKifeuf awGUqHkñTefjy&ef
wynfhawmftaejzifh toifh&Sdonftxdjzpfygonf[k
avQmufxm;vdkygonf/
xdkoltm;vHk;onf ta&twGuftm;jzifh rsm;ygrnf/
wwfajrmufavhvmNyD;aom usrf;*efrsm;vnf; rsm;pGmeufeJ onfxd
jzpfygrnf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; xdkt&mrsm;onf trSefw&m;udk
ausysufatmif? acszsufEdkifaomt&mrsm; r[kwfbJ &SdMuygonf/
trSefw&m;onf pum;rQjzifh NyD;í&aumif;onfr[kwfyg/
tu,ft&Sdtxd a&mufrSom NyD;aomt&mjzpfygonf/
trSefw&m;onf usrf;*efü vm½HkrQjzifh rNyD;? trsm;wum
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
688
0dkif;0ef;ajymqdk½HkESifhrNyD;[k qdkvdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
rnfrQta&twGufrsm;rsm; rnfrQpmay usrf;*ef wwfwwf?
wynfhawmf ñTefjycsufudk racszsufEdkif jzpfMuygrnf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; xdkolwdkY\ pum;rsm;udkum;
wynfhawmfrsm; acszsufEdkifMuygonf/ yd#uwfoHk;yHk EIwf*Hkaqmif
wdkY\ pum;yifjzpfygap? tbdZÆr[m&|*k½kwdkYpum;? t*¾r[m
y@dwwdkYPum; y#dywfaqmif yk*dK¾ vfwdkYpum; tm;vHk;yif
wynfhawmfwdkY zsufEdkifygonf/ acszsufNyD; avQmufrItjzpfvnf;
EdkifiHawmf oHCmhr[mem,uxH pmtapmifapmifjzifh wynfhawmfwdkY
avQmufxm;cJhMuNyD;jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfonf yd#uwfoHk;yHkudkxm;í y&dwfq,fhwpf
okwfudkyif r&&Sdawmholjzpfygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; ork’´&m
\ wpdwfwydkif;jrifaomvnf; ork’´&mjrifonf[kqdk&ouJhodkY
jzpfygonf/ w&m;rSefESifh w&m;rSm;udk uGJjym;pGmodygonf/
w&m;[lonf yd#uwfoHk;yHk[k jym;aomfvnf; 0drkwåd&o&Sdaom
t&mcsnf; xyfwljzpfMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
wynfhawmf avQmufxm;vdkonfrSm wynfhawmf\
r*fav;wef zdkvfav;wefudk &cJhNyD[laom pum;udk? pum; rdkYqdk
ysm;rdkYcsdKvm; odom&ef xkMu? acsMu? cRwfMuapcsifygonf [lí
jzpfygonf/ wynfhawmfonf EdkifiHawmf oHCmhr[mem,uESifh
vufvSrf;rDaom oHCmhrsm;xH pmwef;aygif;rsm;pGmudkvnf;
qufuyfcJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD XmecsKyf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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ordik ;f wifrw
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oHCmawmfwdkYxH qufuyfpmrsm;a&m? tjcm;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
ygjzpfygonf/ 0dok’¨dr*foHk;oyfcsuf? rdvdEýn§m0w¬K oHk;oyfcsuf?
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avhvm&ef? pHkprf;vdku pHkprf;Edkif&efjzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYudk wdkuf½dkufar;jref;jcif; pHkprf;jcif;jyKvdk
vQifvnf; jyKMuapvdkygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY aqmif&GuforQ
wdwfacGESifhpmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; &Sdonfrsm;udk avhvmvdku tcsdefra&G;
<ua&mufavhvmMu&efjzpfygonf/ vludk,fwdkif
awGUqHkvdkonfqdkvQif vludk,fwdkif a&mufvm&efjzpfygonf/
wynfhawmfonf b,ftrIudkrQ jyK&ef0efrav;yg/ omoemawmf
twGuf atmifyef;wcsufudk wynfhawmf xm0&yefqifNyD;
jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ oHCmawmfrsm;u omoemawmfrS
pGefYypfvdkufrnfudkyif wynfhawmftwGuf 0efrav;yg/
oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh omoemawmftwGufrS wynfhawmf
0efav;csifovdkjzpfrdygonf/ bk&m;om;awmfcsif;twlwl? odolu
rodoludk rpGefYypfoifh[k xifjrifrdonfuwcsuf?
omoemawmfwm0efudk xrf;&Guf&ef&SdonfuwcsufaMumifh
jzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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onf y&d,wfaqmif yk*dK¾ vfrsm;odaom teuftw¬ESifh
jcm;em;qef;ppf&ygrnf/ rSefuefav;euf&ygrnf/ toHk;uswefbdk;
&Sd&ygrnf/ þtaMumif;udk wynfhawmf\ vkyfaqmifcJhcsufrsm;?
avhvmvQif txift&Sm; awGU&Sd&ygrnf/
xdkYaMumifh wynfhawmfonf omoemawmfw&m;rsm;udk
rnfolrQrodao;aom teufopfzGifh&OD;rnfjzpfygonf/
pma&;ívnf; zGifh&ygOD;rnf? a[majymívnf; zGifh&ygOD;rnf/
ñTefjyívnf; zGifh&ygOD;rnf/ omoemawmfBuD; xif&Sm;vm&ef
avmuBuD; vif;csif;vm&ef wynfhawmfaqmif&Guf&ygOD;rnf/
owif;oHk;azmfoHCmawmfrsm;xHvnf; tzGifhopfrsm; trQa0&yg
OD;rnf/
þodkY aqmif&Guf&mü ykxkZOf&[ef;&Sifvlrsm;onf jiLpl
vdkMuygonf/ txl;tm;jzifh pmwwfaywwf w&m;wwfqdkol
rsm;onf ydkíjiLplvdkMuygonf/ wynfhawmfwdkY rif;uGef;rS
wdyd#u& q&mawmfBuD;qdkvQif wynfhawmfwdkYtay:
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txl;jiLplaeonf[k trsm;todjzpfNyD; trsm;tjym;ajymaeMuyg
onf/
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wm0efawG trsm;BuD;udk aqmifEdkifaomaMumifh csD;usL;yif
csD;usL;Muygonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; csD;usL;aomaMumifh
q&mawmfBuD;\teuftzGifhtrSm;udk csefxm;írjzpfomatmif
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
691
&SdaomaMumifh tjiLplcH&jcif;jzpf[ef &Sdygonf/
avmuü *kPf&SdolwdkY\ tjiLpludkcH&jcif;onf xdcdkuf
ygonf/ vltrsm;onf todacgif;yg;Muygonf/ *kPf&Sdoludkom
jrifwwfMuygonf/ trSefudk rjrifEdkifMuyg/ xdkYaMumifh
*kPf&Sdoltvdk tBudKufvdkufMuygonf/
xdkYaMumifh omoemawmfw&m;udk jzefYyGm;&mü t[efY
twm;ozG,f cH&ygonf/ tcktcsdefü trlvu tmywfjzifh
tpGJqdkcH&jcif;onfyif þjiLplrI pufuGif;rS rvGwfuif;yg/
vmbf*kPfwdkYü ,pfrl;olwdkYonf b,folaoao iawrma&;
twåvGefuJolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ omoemawmf b,fodkYjzpfjzpf
rdrdepf NyD;a&m xm;EdkifMuygonf/ b,favmufrSefrSef?
b,favmuftoHk;usus rdrdtusdK;ESifhuGm[vQif Munfhaeí
rjzpf[lí jrifMuygonf/
ykxkZOfrsm;onf omoemawmftwGuf? udk,fhtwGuf
ESpfpGef;ESpfzuf&SdonfqdkvQif udk,fhtwGuf yxromoemawmf
twGuf? ‘kwd,þodkYjzpfMuygonf/ udk,fvnf; aumif;pm;?
omoemvnf; axmufyHh&ma&mufonfqdkvQif vkyfMuygonf/
omoemtwGuf rygcsifae? udk,fhtwGuf aumif;pm;vQifyif
vkyfMuygonf/ udk,fhtwGuf rygaom omoemawmftwGuf
um; a&SmifMurnfom rvTJjzpfygonf/
,aeY omoemawmfonf ykxkZOfrsm; BuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;ae
ygonf/ ykxkZOfonf tw¬’d|d&Sdolrsm;omjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
692
wu,fhta&;ü omoemawmftwGuf &yfwnf&efrvG,fyg/
udk,fhta&;atmifrIjzpfapaom omoemawmftwGufom
aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdygonf/ udk,fhta&;ESifhqefYusifaom omoem a&;ü
aoG;&Sd&ef jzpfEdkifatmif&Sdygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf omoemjyK&mü ykxkZOfwdkYodae aom
ordik ;f wifrw
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todrsm;udk rIwfvTifhyxkwf&ygrnf/ ykxkZOfrsm;
odaeomtodrsm;onf rrSefuefaomtodrsm;? todrSm;rsm;
jzpfygonf/ todrSefrsm;udk odonfqdkvQifyif ykxkZOfr[kwfbJ
jzpfoGm;&mygonf/ todrSm;rsm;odaejcif;onfyif ykxkZOf
jzpfygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; ykxkZOfrsm;onf olwdkYtodrsm;udk?
tpkwftEIef;rsm;udk odrf;ydkufxm;aom t½l;rsm;tvm; wtm;
cifrifrufarmwG,fwm wwfMuygonf/ t½l;onf olUtpkwf
tEkwfrsm; bmtoHk;usonfudkrodbJ rufouJhodkY rufygonf/
ykxkZOfwdkYtodonf bmrQtoHk;rusyg/ [efjyí&½HkrQ toHk;us
ygonf/ toHk;csír&yg/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; wtm;rufMu
ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh olwdkYtodudk rIwfvGifhyxkwf&efrSm tEÅ&m,f
rsm;ygonf/ t½l;\tpkwfudk rIwfvGifhyxkwf&efrSm tEÅ&m,f
rsm;ygonf/ t½l;\ tpkwfudk rIwfvGifhyxkwfoavmufyif
jzpfygonf/ xdkYxufyif ydkvGefuykdvGefrnfjzpfygonf/
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r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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ajrmufEdkifp&mr&Sdyg/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; tkyfpkzGJUvmvQif
vGefajrmuf&ef cJ,Of;ygonf/
t&d,mwdkYodaom t&d,opömw&m;onf ykxkZOfwdkY
odMuaom orkwdESifhy&rwåopömw&m;rsm;ESifh xyfír&yg/
r&aomaMumifh ykxkZOfrsm;u t&d,opömw&m;udk bk&m;w&m;
r[kwf[k wnDwñGwfwnf; jyKEdkifMuygonf/ wynfhawmf\
trlvutmywfudk ppfol pGJolESifh pGJapolrsm;yif þodkY tkyfpkzGJU
oGm;Muygonf/
olwdkYonf orkwdESifhy&rwåpmrsm; t&d,opömtwGuf
rSm;aejcif;rsm;jzpfaMumif; wynfhawmf\ wifjycsufudk
wnDwñGwfwnf; jiif;qdkaeMuygonf/ y&rwåopömudk olwdkY
bmrQvkyfEdkifMuonfvnf; r[kwfyg/ xkdodkYjzpfaomfvnf;
xdkopömonf olwdkYopömjzpfaeaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/
þtaMumif;udk wynfhawmf aumif;pGmodNyD;jzpfygonf/
aemiftcgvnf; þodkYyif ykxkZOfrsm;onf olwdkYopöm
twGuf jiif;MuOD;rnfyifjzpfygonf/ þodkY r[kwfr[wfopömjzifh
ykxkZOfrsm; jiif;qefaeMujcif;onf avmuomoemESpfjzmvHk;
twGuf rsm;pGmepfemygonf/ w&m;&Edkifaom t&nftcsif;&Sdol
rsm;? w&m;r&avatmif nmoHay;í a<u;aMumfaejcif;
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jzpfaomaMumifh omoemawmfvnf; arS;rSdefapygonf/
avmuvnf; tarSmifusapygonf/ wynfhawmfudkvnf;
qufvufí jiLplpGyfpGJaeMurnf jzpfygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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þtrIrsm; &Sif;vif;aysmufuG,fap&efvnf; oHCmawmf
xH wynfhawmfrsm; owd0denf;awmif;&jcif;jzpfygonf/
oHCmawmfonf wynfhawmftm; tajctjrpfr&Sdaom
oDv0dyÜwådjzifh pGyfpGJESdyfpufzsufqd;rI rjyKEkdif&ef OwådpwkwåuHjyKí
owd0denf;ay;&ef awmif;qdktyfygonf/ wynfhawmfonf
tmoa0gw&m;av;yg; ukefNyD;jzpfí owd0denf;udk awmif;qdkcGifh
&Sdoljzpfygonf/ wynfhawmf cdPmo0jzpfaMumif; ajymqdkcsuf
udk cdPmo0yk*dK¾ vfrsm; &SdonfqdkvQif wynfhawmftm; ppfaq;
aqG;aEG;ap&ef vHkYvxkwfawmfrlMuapvdkygonf/ cdPmo0 r&Sdí
rodEdkifqdkvQif wynfhawmf tae? toGm;? tpm; obmxm;
tpprsm;udk tuJcwfjcif;? ar;jref;jcif; jyKMuapvdkygonf/
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rz,fawmhrnfh t&[wåzdkvfyef;udk yefqifNyD;oljzpfygonf/
t&[wåzdkvfyef;udk yefqifNyD;olwdkY\ tvStxd wynfhawmf
jyifqifNyD;jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh wynfhawmf\ taetoGm;?
tpm;tpmoabmxm;onf t&d,mwdkY\ taetoGm;
tpm;oabmxm;yifjzpfygonf/
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tpm;oabmxm;onf tmPmvmbf *kPftausmftapm
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vGwfajrmufoljzpf&ygrnf/ rSefrSefuefuef w&m;rQwjrifwwf?
awG;wwf? ajymwwf? vkyfwwf? aexdkifwwf? BudK;pm;wwf?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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Edk;Mum;wwf? pdwfxm;wwfol jzpf&ygrnf/
wynfhawmfudk þw&m;rsm;ESifh nD?rnD MunfhMuapcsif
ygonf/ nDvQifyif [efaqmifnDjcif;avm? rnDEdkifp&m
taMumif;rsm;r&Sdí nDaejcif;avm? avhvmMuapcsifygonf/
þw&m;rsm;ESifhnDatmif aeEdkifaom oabmw&m;ESifh jynfhpHk
aejcif;avm aqG;aEG;pdppfMuapcsifygonf/
wynfhawmf\ t&[m0efcHcsufonf pdwfxif? pdwåZ
0efcHcsuf? Oyg’gef0efcHcsufavm? oabmw&m;&Sd&Sd 0efcHcsufavm
wynfhawmftm; awGUqHkMunfhMuapvdkygonf/ b,fodkYjzpfap
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
omoemawmfü t&[mudk odEdkifol tusifhw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;
aeolrsm;&Sdwef&mao;onf[k arQmfvifhygonf/
,HkMunfavmufonf[k udk,fhudk,fudk 0efcHEdkifaom
xdkyk*dK¾ vfrsm;jzifh n§dEdIif;í wynfhawmftm; oHCmawmfu
owd0denf;ay;&ef wynfhawmf w&m;0ifawmif;qdktyfygonf/
ykxkZOf trdkuftrJrsm;jzpfMuaom tEk0g’gdu&PrI
tjzpf wynfhawmfudk pwkwåyg&mZdutmywfjzifh pGJol? pGJapol
qHk;jzwfolrsm;onf tajctjrpfr&SdbJ pGyfpGJESdyfpufzsufqD;&ef
BudK;pm;aeMuygonf/ xdkolrsm;a&m? tjcm;ykxkZOftrdkuftrJrsm;
uyg þodkY tajctjrpfr&Sdaom oDv0dyÜwådjzifh pGyfpGJESdyfpuf
zsufqD;rIrsm; b,fawmhrS rjyKEdkifatmif oHCmawmfonf
cdPmo0yk*dK¾ vfwdkYtm; ay;NrJjzpfaom owd0denf;udk
avmuomoem ESpfjzmiJhí cdPmo0jzpfaom wynfhwmftm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
696
Owådpu©wåuHjyKí ay;Mu&ef awmif;qdktyfygonfbk&m;/
&SifOmP
a&Tjrifwifawmif
rif;uGef;awmif½dk;
rif;uGef;? rEÅav;pmoifwdkuf
rdwåLudk- bkef;BuD;tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;tqifhqifhESifh
vltmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;tqifhqifhodkY
ay;ydkYonf/
__________
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
697
0denf;r®uH? tdu½kPf;rIcif;rsm;
ajz&Sif;qHk;jzwfa&;qdkif&m? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;?
tcef;(7)? tydk’f(55)t& EdkifiHawmfoHCr[m
em,utzGJUu? zGJUpnf;ay;aom EdkifiHawmf
oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9)\ qHk;jzwfcsuf0dedpä,
__________
EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9) 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
1/ bGJUawmf q&mawmf OD;auvmombd0Ho? ousoD[ESifh
tpdk;&r®p&d,? ausmif;wdkuf? orwpmcsausmif;?
jrawmifwdkuf? rEÅav;NrdKU (obmywd)/
2/ bGJUawmf? q&mawmfOD;ÓP (ygVdyg&*l)/
ausmif;wdkuf? pnfomausmif;? rdk;xdwdkuf?
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
rEÅav;NrdKU (tzGJU0if)
3/ bGJUawmf? q&mwmf OD;uk@v? tpdk;&r®mp&d,?
bDat? ausmif;wdkuf-tvnfwdkufBuD;? qifwJwdkuf?
rEÅv;NrdKU (tzGJU0if)
4/ q&mawmf OD;oH0& ousoD[ rlvr®mp&d,ESifh
tpdk;&r®mp&d,? ausmif;wdkuf? odrfausmif;awmif
xD;vif;wdkuf? rEÅv;NrdKU (tzGJU0if)
5/ bGJUawmf? q&mawmfukov? tpdk;&r®p&d,
ausmif;wdkuf? atmifr*Fvmausmif;? rmefatmifwdkuf?
rEÅav;NrdKU/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
698
__________
t,lcHapm’em0ifapm’u - &SifOmP (rif;uGef;)
- &Sif*kP0EÅ (0ufvuf)
t,lcHapm’em0ifpk’dwu - OD;pdk;jrifh
vufaxmufwdkif;omoem
a&;rSL;? ppfudkif;wdkif;/
trItaMumif;t&m - tEk0g’gdu½kPf;rI
aeYpGJ? 1344 ckESpf? jymodkvqkwf(13)&uf/
1983 ckESpf? azaz:0g&Dv (10)&uf/
EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9) 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;\
0dedpä,csrSwf&mü obmywdq&mawmf\ rdefYcGef;
,ck<ua&mufvmMuwJh 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;ESifh apm’u
pk’dwursm;tm; tenf;i,frQ ajymjyvdkygw,f/
EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,trSwf(9) 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;onf
&wånLpd&yAÁZdwyk*dK¾ vfwdkY jzpfMuonfhtjyif olwr,ÓPfjzifh
jynfhjynfhpHkpHk vHkavmufaom 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;om jzpfMuí
yÍö[a*F[d orEém*awm 0de,a&m
y@dawm awG0ocø*päwd? twåaembmo
y&d,EÅH O*¾PSmwd y&óbmoy&d,EÅHO*¾
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
699
PSmwd? twåaembmoy&d,EÅH O*¾a[wGm
y&óbmoy&d,EÅ O*¾a[wGm ar®euf
a&wd y#dnm, [laom y&d0g&ygVdawmfvm
yXe0ded,& vu©PmESifhtnD (1) þodkYaom
taMumif;0w¬KaMumifh þrQavmufaomokwf? þrQavmufaom
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
tqHk;tjzwfudk &tyf&oifh\/ þrQavmufaom okwf?
þrQavmufaom tqHk;tjzwfudk igqdktHh[k rdrd\qdktyfaom
pum;\tydkif;tjcm;udk odwwf ,lqwwfMu\/ (2)þpum;
onf apm’uyk*dK¾ vf\ a&S;üqdktyfaompum;wnf;/ þpum;
onf apm’uyk*dK¾ vf\ aemufüqdktyfaom pum;wnf;/
þpum;onf pk’dwuyk*dK¾ vf\ a&SUüqdktyfaom pum;wnf;/
þpum;onf pk’dwuyk*dK¾ vf\ aemufüqdktyfaom pum; wnf;/
þrQavmufaompum;onf tdu½kPf;Nidrf;atmif ,ljcif;iSm
cefYaompum;wnf;/ þrQavmufaompum;onf tdu½kPf;
Nidrf;atmif,ljcif;iSm cefYaompum;wnf;/ þrQ
avmufaompum;onf tdu½kPf; Nidrf;aqmif,ljcif;iSm
rcefYaompum;wnf;[k odwwf? ,lqwwfMuonfjzpfí apm’u
pk’dwu[laom olwyg;\qdktyfaom pum;\
tydkif;tjcm;udkvnf; odwwf,lqwwfMu\/ (3) rdrd\
qdktyfaom pum;tydkif;tjcm; apm’u pk’dwu[laom
olwyg;\qdktyfaompum;\ tydkif;tjcm;wdkYudk odwwf?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
700
,lqwwfMuí (4) [kwfrSefaomr®ESifhnDpGm (5)pk’dwuyk*dK¾ vf
wdkY\ 0efcHojzifh tqHk;tjzwfudk jyKpGrf;EdkifMuí[laom t*Fg
5wefESifh nDñGwfjynfhpHkaom ynm&Sdaom0denf;dk&frsm;
jzpfMuygonf/
xdkodkY t*Fg 5wefESifhjynfhpHkaom ynm&Sdaom 0denf;dk&f
rsm; jzpfMuonfhtm;avsmfpGmeptmrdoHedCm,?
epedóm,yk*¾vH
Oabm{aw 0d0aZÆwGm? ,xmar®m?
wxmua&[laom y&d0gygVdawmf apm’em
u@vmonfESifhtnD apm’u pk’dwuwdkYwGif
wyg;yg;onf ay;tyfaomouFef;? qGrf;? ausmif;? aq;[laom
tmrdoudkrrSDbJ rNiduyf? rpGJvefbJ 0g-,ljcif;udk rjyKMuukefrlíqE
´m a’gom b,m arm[m a,mr®H
twd0wåwf/
ed[D,wdwó,aom? umVyau©0 pE´drm [laom
y&d0gygVdawmf r[mo*FgrESifh t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf pwkwåedygwfvm
t*wd*reokwfESifhtnD apm’u pk’dwuwdkYwGif wa,muf
a,mufonf ig\q&mwnf;? OyZÑm,fwnf;? wynfhwnf;?
aqGrsdK;wnf;? rdwfaqGwnf; [k cspftyfaomyk*dK¾ vfudkrSDí qE´m
*wdtm;jzifh£if;? þapm’u pk’dwuwdkYwGif wa,mufa,muf
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
onf ig\£if;? ig\cspftyfaom ol\£if;? tusdK;rJhudkjyKNyDNyD?
jyKqJ? jyKvwåHU[lí£if;? ig\ rkef;tyfaom ol\tusdK;udkjyKNyD;?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
701
jyKqJ? jyKvwåHU[lí£if;? rkef;tyfaomyk*d¾KvfudkrSDí a’gom*wd
tm;jzifh£if;? wyfrufESpfoufaomolonf wyfESpfoufonf/
tpGrf;jzifh jypfrSm;zsufqD;aomolonf jypfrSm;zsufqD;onf\
tpGrf;jzifh awGa0rdef;armolonf awGa0rdef;armonf\ tpGrf;jzifh
rSm;aomtm;jzifh oHk;oyfaomolonf rSm;aom t,l\tpGrf;jzifh
arm[onf ESdyfpuftyfonfjzpfí rjyKtyf onfudkjyK\[laom
arm[m*wdtm;jzifh£if;? apm’u pk’dwu yk*dK¾ vfwdkYwGif
wpfa,mufa,mufonf ca&mfc&Gwf rnDñGwfaom um,uH
ponfudkrSD\/ rdpäm’dXd tEÅ*g¾ [dw’dXdt,ludk rSD\/ tm;BuD;aom
xif&Sm;aom&[ef;wdkYudk rSD\/ cufxefMurf;MuKwf vS\/
touftEÅ&m,f omoetEÅ&m,fjyKEkdifvwåHU[k
aMumuf&aomyk*dK¾ vfudkrSDí b,m*wdtm;jzifh£if;? þav;yg;aom
t*wdw&m;wdkYudk rufrSm;jyKusifhrSm;cJhonf &Sdaomf vlrsm;pGm\
pD;yGm;rJh? om,mrJh? tusdK;rJh ewfvlwdkY\ pD;yGm;rJh? csrf;omrJhudk
jyKusifh&ma&mufonfhjyif rdrdudk,fudk rdrdyifvQif wl;NzdKMuonf/
zsufqD;tyfaom o’¨gpaomtda‘E´ rsm; &Sdonfjzpfí
tmywfESifhwuG uJh&JUjcif;ESifhwuG jzpfMuvQuf rsm;pGmaom
raumif;rItukodkvfrsm; yGm;a&mufMu&onf/
vqkwfyu©üxGufvmaom vrif;onf waeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;r&Sd
qkwf,kwfbdodkY &HacRaus;Zl; *kPfxl;owif; ausmfaZmjcif;onf
vnf; qkwf,lwfMuukef\[laom tjypfwdkYudk 0denf;dk&fq&m
awmfrsm;onf owdorÜZOf awG;qifjcifí odjrifawmfrlMu ojzifh
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
702
qE´m a’gom b,m arm[m? a,mr®Hem
wd0wåwd?
tmyk&wdwó,aom? okwåaru©0pE´drm/
plaom y&d0g&ygVdawmf r[mo*FgrSESifh t*Fkwå&ygVdawmf
pwkwåedygwf t*wd*reokwfawmfrsm;ESifhtnD qE´m*wdpaom
t*wdw&m;wdkY rjyKusifh rvdkufrSm;Muonf&Sdaomf qdktyfcJhNyD;
aom tjypfwdkYrS tjyeftm;jzifh odjrifawmfrlMuojzifh vqef;yu©ü
xGufay:vmaom vrif;onf wpfaeYwjcm; wdk;yGm;jynfh\odkY
&HacRaus;Zl; *kPfxl;owif; ausmfapmjcif; onfvnf; waeYwjcm;
wdk;yGm;ukef\[laom &&Sdtyfaom tusdK;w&m;wdkYudk
ordik ;f wifrw
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odjrifawmfrlMuum ]]epedó,yk*v ¾ H}}[laom a’oemawmft&
apm’u pk’dwu yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk rrSDruyf rpGJvef;MubJ
Oabmpöaw0dpaZÆwGmt& qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;[laom
udavomwdkYonf oHk;oyftyfaom tmrdoESifh apm’u
pk’dwuyk*dK¾ vf xdk 2yg;wdkYudktoedpuH[
d? rwåau ywdwH Zuar0 twå
bm0H emaowd vmbowåd &odavm aue
y&d,m’dEépdawåm? ed&,m’Dok teEÅ’ku©H
tEkabmwd [laom oH,kwft|uxm vmb
ouúm,oH,kwf toedokwftzGifhESifhtnD xdyfxufü
usa&mufaom rdk;BudK;pufonf wckaomb0udkom zsufqD;Edkif
ygonf/ xdkrdk;BudK;xufyif omvGefuJaom vmbfylaZmfoum
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
703
t&Sdeftausmftapmonf odrf;,ltyfaom pdwf&Sdaomolum;
i&JponfwdkYü tqHk;r&Sdaom qif;&J’ku©udk cHpm;&\[laom
pum;udk ,HkMunfpGmvdkufemusifhoHk;aomtm;jzifh MuOfzJa&SmifvTJ
aoGzDcGJMuvQuf ,xmar®m wxmua&[laom a’oemawmf
t&-
wo®mwd twåum are? r[wårbducFwm
o’¨? ar®m *½kumwaAÁm? o&HAk’¨geom
oeH?
[laom a’oemESifhtnD yGifhawmfrlNyD; yGifhawmfrlqJ yGifhawmfrlvwåHU
jzpfMuukefaom **Fg0gVK oJpkruaom bk&m;&Sif wdkYonf
olawmfaumif;w&m;awmfudkom tav;tjrwf jyKMu ukefí
oDwif;oHk;aexdkiawmfrlMuukefaomaMumifh xdkbk&m;&Sif wdkY\
tqHk;trudk atmufarhí vdkufemukefaom rdrd\tpD; tyGm;udk
tvdk&SdMuukefí BuD;Muyfonf\tjzpfudk awmifhwMu ukefaom
EdkifiHawmf0dedpä,trSwf(9) 0denf;dk&f q&mawmfrsm; onfvnf;
bk&m;&Sifa[maom okwf? tbdr®m0denf;[kqdktyf aom
a’oemawmfudkom tav;tjrwfjyKukefvQuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\
w&m;awmfvmawmfrlonfhtwdkif;omvQif raoGrzD twnfwus
jywfjywfom;om; rSwfom;avmufatmif qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfMuygvdrfhrnf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
704
EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9)\
oHk;oyfcsuf? qHk;jzwfcsuf
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
0dedpä,
__________
&wéwå,H eródwGm ok0dap,s,xm*rH?
qE´m’dem t*EÅme? u&dór 0dedpä,H/
r,H-EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9) jzpfMuukef aom
uREfkyfwdkYonf? &wéwå,H-bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm[laom
&wemoHk;yg;wdkY\ taygif;udk? eródwGm-udk,fEIwfpdwf wdkYjzifh
ñGwfudkif;½dIif;vQuf &Sdcdk;OD;í? ,xm*rH-bk&m;a[mazmf
ygVdawmfüvmawmfrlonfhtwdkif; ok0dap,s-aocsmaphiS
pdppfjcif;trIudk jyKMuukefí? qE´m’dem-cspfjcif; ponfjzifh t*EÅm
(qE´ma’gom b,marm[m a,mr®H emwd pwåwd? tmyl&wd
wó,aom? okwåyau©0 pE´drm)[laom y&d0gygVdawmfvm
a’oemudk ESvHk;oGif;awmfrlMuvQuf rvm;tyfonfwdkYudk
rvm;ra&mufapbJ? 0g-t*wdav;yg;udk a&Smif&Sm;aoGzDvsuf
0dedpä,H-tqHk;tjzwfudk? u&domr-omoemawmfpnfyiforQ
vGefa&S;½IvQuf jyKMuygtHh/
1/ yÍö[uF[d orE®muawm 0de,a&m
y@dawm awG0ocø*pämwd? t’du&PH Zmemwd?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
705
tdu&eórlvHZmemwd/
tdu&Pork’,H Zmemwd? tdu&Peda&mH Zmemwd
tdu&Peda&m*grdeyð #dy’HZmemwd/ [laom y&d0g
ygVdpwkwå&du e,yÍöu0g& (232)vmonfESifhtnD þtEk0g’g
du½kPf;\ rlvork’, ponfudk pdppf&m\/ xdkrlv ork’,
ponfwGif þa&Tjrifwifawmifae t&SifOmPESifh 0ufvuf NrdKUe,f?
,if;rmawm&Gmae &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYtay:wGif pGJqdkxm;aom
tEk0g’gu½kPf;rI\ rlvork’,um; t&SifOmP
£if;\awmtwGif;ü r[m*¾Kwfw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;í t½lypsmefjzifh
oHk;ESpfrQaexdkifcJhygonf[laom pum;ESifh£if;? awmif;qdkvTm
pmrsufESm(11)ü ]]wynfhawmf &SifOmPonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif
ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ wynfhom;oHCmawmfrsm; tqufquf\
twdkif;rodaom aus;Zl;awmfrsm;udk cH,lcGifh &ojzifh
udavomcyfodrf; at;Nidrf;jcif;[laom y#da0"aus;Zl; udk
qnf;yl;&&SdNyD;oljzpfygonfbk&m;}} [laom pum;wdkYESifh£if;?
avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm pmrsufESm(11)üyif ,if;rmawm&Gm ae
&Sif*kP0EÅ\ ]]wynfhawmf *kP0EÅonfvnf; a&S;enf;twl
&wemoHk;yg;\ aus;Zl;awmf teEÅcH,lcGifh&ojzifh
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
ouúm,’d|d0dpdudpäm oDvAÁwy&mrmo oHk;0aom oHCmZOf
rsm;udk z,f&Sm;NyD;jcif;[laom y#da0"aus;Zl;udk qnf;yl;&&SdNyD;ol
jzpfygonf}}[laom pum;ESifhyif£if;? awmif;qdkvTmpmrsufESm
(19)ü ]]avmuDpsmeftbdnmOfrsm;jzifh vGwfvyfpGm aysmfyg;NyD;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
706
aecJhygonf}} pum;rsm;onf£if;? &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅESpfyg;
wdkYtay: ppfudkif;wdkif; vufaxmufwdkif;omoema&;rSL; apm’u
OD;pdk;jrifhu tEk0g’gdu½kPf;rIjzifh apm’em&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;
rlvpum;rsm;jzpfygonf/ þpum;&if;rsm;t& £if;wdkYESpfyg;onf
]]Owå&drEkór®rsm;udk &aeMuygNyD}}[k ajymaeaom
pum;rsm;jzpfí &SifOmPudk ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f 0dedpä, q&mawmfrsm;u
ar;aomtcg? ]]psmefig;yg;vHk; &&SdygNyD}}[k (8)ckajrmuf tar;ü
ajzxm;onf/ (9)ckajrmuftar;üum; ]]t&[wår*¾udk&&Sdí
£if;r*¾udk&nf&G,fNyD; a&;om;avQmufxm; jcif; jzpfygonf[k
ajzxm;ojzifh psmefr*fzdkvf&&SdaMumif; 0efcHNyD; jzpfonf/
&Sif*kP0EÅudk ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f oHC0dedpä,tzGJU
q&mawmfrsm;u ppfaq;aomtcg? tar;(13)ckajrmufü
]]psmefig;yg;vHk; &aeygonf}}[k ajzxm;ygon/ (14)ckajrmuf
tar;üum;? ]]aomwmywådr*fudk &&Sdygonf}}[k ajzxm;ygonf/
þodkYajzxm;ojzifh &Sif*kP0EÅonfvnf; psmefESifh aomwmywåd
r*fudk &&SdaMumif; 0efcHxm;NyD;jzpfygonf/ xdkyk*d¾KvfESpfyg;wdkY\
þodkY Owå&drEkór®&&Sdonf? r&&Sdonfudk t|uxm q&mu
(0d? X? 2-82) ESifh (r ? |? 4? 65)ü-
£’ged apyd aumpdbdu©K Owå&drEkór®m
d*rH Asmua&,? eaomZwåm 0wm0ouúm
waAÁm? £arok ye qokXmaeokaom
ewåH0wåaAÁm uðaw tduwH ponfjzifh rdefYqdk&um;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
707
þOwå&drEkór® odu©myk’fonf psmefr*fzdkvfw&m;rsm;jzpfí
&&Sdonf? r&&Sdonfudk Owå&drEkór® r&Muaom ykxkZOfyk*dK¾ vf
wdkYonf tvGefodEdkifcH&um; ar;pdppf&efyif rnfodkYrnfyHk
ar;&rnf[k rod&SdEdkifí tjcm;tjcm;aom odu©myk’frsm;ü
ar;pdppfenf;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrrlcJhbJ þOwå&d
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[laom oar®mw0daem ‘eDtXuxm (ESm-504)ü xdktno
owfbHkodkY a&mufapaom yÍörpsmef ormywfudkom yGm;rsm;í
a&mufaMumif;udkom qdkxm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh £if;wdkYonf
pdwfxif&mjrif&m azgufvGJazgufjyef qdkxm;Muygonf/
40/ emrf½I&m emrfrHk;í ae0onmemonm ,webHkodkY
a&muf&mü aewomemoom,we psmefudk emrftm;vHk; ½Ií
&onfr[kwf psme0dbifygVdawmf (ESm-274)üae0onD
emonDwd wHa,0 tmudÍn ö m ,weH
oEÅawm reoduma&mwd? ocFg&m 0aoo ormywåd
bma0wd/ awe 0kpw ö dae0onD emonDwd/
[k a[mawmfrlaom tmudÍn ö m,we psmefpdwfudkom
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
802
Nidrfoufaomtm;jzifh (0g) Nidrfouf\[lí ½IrSom ae0onm
emonm,wepsmefudk &ygonf/ xdkYpsmef&rSom xdrk ®[‘,0dbif;
ygVdawmf (ESm-440)üpwkw
¬H psmefeH bma0wGm/ y/ tayÜuapö ae0onm
emonm ,wEky*geH o[AsmwH OyZÆEÅd
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
[k ae0onm emonm,webHkodkY a&muf&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
£if;wdkYonf pdwfxif&mjrif&mtm;jzifh qdkxm;Muygonf/
41/ xdk&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf xdkodkYt,lrSm;rsm;udk
qdkNyD;aemuf xdkrsufESmüyif ]]½kyfemrfESpfyg;vHk; rHk;u tb,fodkY
jzpfrnfenf;}}[k ar;NyD;vQif ]]tjzpfEdkifqHk;rSm tjcm;r&Sd}}
jA[®mjynfw0if;0if; 0ufpmusif;w½Iwf½Iwf[laom odkufpm
twdkif;yif ½kyfemrfrHk;u wd&pämefjzpf&ygawmhrnf}}[k
ajzxm;ygonf/
wd&pämefbHkodkY a&muf&onfum; ]]arma[e[d edpo ö r®LVH
wd&päme a,eð OyyZÆEÅd}} [lí tXomvdeD tXuxm (ESm-
172) ü qdkxm;aomaMumifh arm[jzifh tNrJwef;
awGa0rdef;armaeolom wd&pämefbHkodkY a&muf&ygonf/ ½kyfemrfrHk;u
wd&pämefbHk rjzpfonfhjyifaom{
0HoAÁocFga& tm’de0awmyóaEÅm
oAÁb0a,med *wd0dnmP
Xdwd owåm 0go*aw oab’au ocFg&
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
803
*aw edAÁd E´wd OuúP[d embd&r[d?
[lí edAÁdE´m EkyóemÓPfjzpfyHk qdkxm;aom 0dok’¨d r*¾
(2-ESm-287)’kwd,
tkyfESifhtnD edAÁdE´mEkyóem ÓPfyifjzpfygao;onf/ xdkYaMumifh
£if;wdkY xif&mjrif&myif qdkxm;Muygonf[k oHk;oyfxm;Mu
ygonf/
42/ xdkt&SifESpfyg;wdkYonf ½kyfemrf(2)yg;vHk; ½I&mü &vm’f
ESpfck jyvmjyefygonfum;- (ESm-34-35)ü ]]½kyfemrfESpfckaygif;
½IvQifum; tu,faygif;½Iíum; r&yg/ xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf;
½kyfwvSnfh emrfwvSnfh½INyD; wjcm;pDyif ½Iaomfvnf; aygif;½Ionf
xifum ½IvQifum; &vm’fESpfckxGufvmEdkifygonf/ wckrSm ½kyfa&m
emrfa&mraumif;[lír&Sd oabmobm0rQom jzpfonf
[laomtjrifrsm; jzpfygonf/}}[k a&;om;NyD;vQif yxr&vm’fü
tjypfrsm; jyjyefvdkojzifh qufvufí a&;om;onfum; ½kyfemrf
odrf;rS Nidrf;rnftjrif&Sdolrsm;onf csrf;omjcif;uif;olrsm;yif
jzpfMuygonf/
xdk½kyfemrfodrf;í ½kyfemrfNidrf;rIudk ]]½kyfemrfonf
tm;vHk;uif;í &aumif;aomw&m;yif r[kwfyg}}[laom pumjzifh
xdka&S;pum;udk y,f&Sm;NyD;vQif £if;wdkYt,l0g’jzpfaom
b0tjrifrSm;ü jycJhaom b0t& ukovmukov yZ[eudkpGJí
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
jyvdkojzifh ]]½kyfemrftwGif;rS avmuDuHrsm;om y,fí&aumif;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
804
jcif;&Sdygonf}}[laom t,ludk jyjyefonf/ xdkaemuf ½kyfemrfudk
Nidrf;atmifusifh&mü tjypfrsm;udk Oyrmjzifhjyvdkí ]]wynfhawmf
wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; tavmif;awmfb0 ‘kwå&p&, umvu
tjzpfrsdK;om jzpf&mygonf}} [k jyNyD;vQif ½kyfemrfNidrf;atmif
usifh&mü tjypfrsm;udk jyjyefvdk&um; ]]½kyfemrf½Ií ½kyfemrfNiD;aiGY?
½kyfemrfNiD;aiGUí ½kyfemrfvGwfcsif? ½kyfemrfuvGwfcsifí ½kyfemrfydkrdk½I?
½kyfemrfydkrdk½Ií ½kyfemrfydkrdkNiD;aiGU? þodkYyif
u&Gwfay:avQmufaomuif;yrm jrefjrefa&mufcsifí jrefjref
avQmufvQif jrefjrefavQmufaomaMumifh tpavQmufaomae&m
odkY jrefjrefyifa&mufNyD; yifyef;&ygrnf}}[k tjypfjyvQuf
þtusifhudk trnfwyfjyvdkí ]]xdkYaMumifh þtusifhrsm;onf
udk,fhudk,fudk yifyef;apaom twåudvrxmEka,m* tusifhrsm;
jzpfygonf}}[k a&;om;xm;Muygonf/
twåudvrxmeka,m* tusifhrsm;um;-
þuJhodkY ½kyfemrfudk½Iaomtusifhr[kwfyg/ xdktusifhudk
usifholESifh usifhyHkudkaewådyg|dawmf e,orkXme (ESm-91)ü-
‘dXdp&dwm £awmA[d’¨g yAÁZdwm twå
udvrxmEka,m*? rEk,kwåm? 0d[m&EÅd}}
þomoemawmfrSty &[ef;jzpfukefaom t0dZÆmw&m; vTrf;rdk;
aeMuonfjzpfí ½kyfponfudk edpö pcGmyHkudk ]]½kyfemrfonf igr[kwf
igh[mr[kwf? ½kyfemrfonf olwyg;vnf;r[kwf?
a,musfm;vnf;r[kwf? rdef;rvnf;r[kwf? yk*dK¾ vfowå0gyif r[kwf?
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
805
þuJhodkY vkyfypfygonf}}[k a&;om;xm;ygonf/ þuJhodkY
a&;om;xm;jcif;onf ‘kwd,&vm’f\taMumif; jzpfygonf/
rSefygonf/ ½kyfemrfonf ig igh[mr[kwf ponfjzpfaomaMumifh
oabmobm0rQomjzpfonf[k taMumif;tusdK;tjzpfjzifh
qdkxm;ygonf/
þü taMumif;jypum;udkvnf; ½kyfemrf½IyGm;&mü
&aomtjypf[k &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY ,lxm;Muygonf/
þt,lum; azgufjyefrSm;,Gif;aomt,lom jzpfygonf/
rSefygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf cE¨0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmf (ESm-
68)ü
½lyHbdu©a0 tedpH?ö ,’edpHö wH’ku©H w’ewåm? ,’ewåm
ordik ;f wifrw
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"r®0[
wH aewHrr aeaom [ro®d earaomtwåm wd? {0arwH ,mblwH
or®yom, ‘XAÁH/ a0’em onm ocFg&m? 0dnmPH tedpH?ö
,’edpHö wH ‘ku©H? ,H’ku©H w’ewåm? ,’ewåm wH ]]aewHrr
aeaom’ro®d? earaomtwåm}} wd {0arwH ,xmblwH or®ynm
,’XAÁH [k ½kyfemrfw&m;rsm;onf igr[kwf? igh[mr[kwf?
ighudk,fr[kwf[k a[mxm;awmfrlaom ygVdawmfESifh
qefYusifaomaMumifh azgufjyefrSm;,Gif;pGm ,lxm;csufom
jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh £if;wdkYonf t&d,myk*dK¾ vfrsm; r[kwfMu
yg[k oHk;oyfMuygonf/
45/ xdkYaemuf ½kyfemrfonf oabmobm0omjzpfonf [laom
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
806
tjrifudk tjypfwrsdK;jyvdkí ]]½kyfa&m emrfa&m
raumif;onf[lír&Sd? oabmobm0rQomjzpfonf [laom
tjrifrsm; jzpfyGm;ay:aygufvmygonf/ þtjrifrsm;onf vludk
wd&pämeftqihfodkYa&mufatmif odkYr[kwf vludk csrf;omuif;&m
ty,fqif;&J i&Jom;b0a&mufatmif acsmufcsaejcif;rsm;om
jzpfygonf/}}[k a&;om;xm;ygonf/
þpum;&yfü oabmobm0rQomjzpfonf[laom
tjrifonf rSefuefaomtjrifomvQif jzpfygonf/ ½kyfemrf[laom
y&rwår®rsm;onf oabmobm0w&m;rsm;om jzpfí
bm0omeudkom rkcstm;jzifh &tyfonfhtjypfudk #Dumausmf
]],xm ypö,H[d oaAÁordÜ y&rwår®meH bm0ome
ar0 edyÜ&d,m awmvAÇwd [k rdefYqdkNyD; tEk#Dum (1?
94)ü vnf;? 0dwuúeEÅd 0dwuúe ud&d,m omp0d
wuúótwåaem ypöa,wd y0wådrwåar 0gwdbm0
eda’áom0o 0wådbm0 ed0g&Pm, a[mwd
[k rdefYqdkxm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh oabmobm0rQomjzpfonf
[laomtjrifonf rSefuefaom or®m’d|dtjrifomjzpfygonf/
xdkor®m’d|dtjrifonf wd&pämeftqifh odkYr[kwf ty,fqif;&J
i&Jom;b0odkYa&mufatmif acsmufcsaomtjrifr[kwfyg/ avmb
a’go arm[ [laom udavom[dwfaMumifh ‘kp½dkufw&m;rsm;
jyKrSm;vQifom ]]tar®m ed&d,H aewd}}[laom (ck? 2? 272)
bk&m;&Sif pum;awmfESifhnDpGm tyg,fqif;&J i&Jom; b0
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
807
a&muf&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh £if;&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ wdkYonf
azgufjyefaomtjrifrsm; jrifxm;MuaomaMumifh t&d,mrsm;
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
r[kwfMuyg[k oHk;oyfawmfrlMuygonf/
46/ &SifOmPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf ]]½kyfemrfESpfjzmonf
oabmobm0rQomjzpfonf/ taumif;tqdk;[lí ½dk;pGJp&mr&Sd}}
[k a&;om;qdk&mü oabmobm0rQomjzpfaom ½kyfemrf(2)yg;onf
taumif;(ukodkvf)[lí ½dk;pGJr&Sd? tqdk;(tukodkvf)[lí
½dk;pGJp&mr&Sd[k ,lvQif qif;&J&rnfr[kwf yg[k qdkNyD;vQif
qif;&J&jcif;onf bmaMumifhygenf;[kar;vQif
]]½dk;pGJaerdaomaMumifh qif;&J&ygonf}}[laom taMumif;pum;
udk qdkxm;onf/ odkYjzpfvQif qif;&Juif;&ef(0g) csrf;om&&ef
rnfodkYjyKvkyf&rnfenf;[kar;vQif ]]qif;&Juif;&ef taumif;tqdk;
½kd;pGJrIrsm;udk a&Smif&ygrnf}}[k ajzqdkxm;ygonf/ y&rwår®wdkY\
oabmobm0jzpfonf[laom tjrifrSefonf or®m’d|djzpfí
ukodkvfonftaumif;? tukodkvfonf tqdk;[k ½dk;pGJaerI
(wduspGmjrifonfjzpfí ,laerI)onfvnf; trSefyif jzpfí
a&Smif&efrvdkbJ xdktjrifrSefudk pGefYvGwfrIr&Sd&efudkyif ykxkZOf
taetm;jzifh BudK;pm;&rnfjzpfygonf/
xdkYaemuf ½dk;pGJaeaomol\ az:xkwfaomusifhpOfudk
jyjyefvdkí ]]þodkY odaeolrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmf onf
ynmwvHk;wnf;jzpfonf[kqdkí atmufygusifhpOfr*¾udk
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
808
azmfxkwfynwfrnfjzpfygonf}}[k y#dnmOfpum;
a&;om;NyD;aemuf usifhpOfr*¾udk ]]avmuü igr&Sd? olr&Sd? yk*d¾Kvfr&Sd?
owå0gr&Sd? a,musfm;r&Sd? rdef;rr&Sd? tazr&Sd? tarr&Sd? cdk;olr&Sd?
owfolr&Sd? vSLonfr&Sd? ay;olr&Sd? ighOpömr&Sd? tm;vHk;oabm
obm0rQom &Sdonf[líjzpfygrnf/}} þodkYvQif tpGJuif;onf?
tpGJuif;vQif vGwfajrmufNyD? vGwfajrmufvQif aemufwzef rjzpfNyD
]]þodkY ynwfMuygrnf[k pmrsufESm (35)üyif þusifhpOfudk
&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYu usifhpOftrSm;[k ,lqMuNyD;vQif
þusifhpOftrSefudk uJh&JUvdkí (pmrsufESm-36)ü-
]]þtjrifonf y&rwåopöm½Ia’gifhjzifh½Ií
aygufxm;oltwGuf rSefonfrSmvnf; tenf;i,frQ tcRwftvGJ
r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh þtjrifudk rrSef[k odMum;qdkol
qif;ícRwfvnf; uRwf&efrjzpfEdkifatmif acgif;rmrnfyif
jzpfygrnf}} Au\ trsdK;yDyD? tzrsdK; tzdk;wl *sdKESifh[lí ajym&
avmufatmifyif jzpfygrnf}}[k qdk&mü t&d,mopöm½Iaxmifhjzifh
½Iygrlum; rrSefuef[kqdkvdkonfhtjyif xdktjrifudk bk&m;&Sifyif
ordik ;f wifrw
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Ncdrf;ajcmufívGwf&aom AujA[®mrif;\trsdK;jzpfí rrSefuefyg/
odMum;rif;vmí cRwfawmifruRwfbJ t½dk;pGJaeMurnf
jzpfygonf[k uJh&JUxm;ygonf/ þusifhpOfudkusifhojzifh
t&d,opömw&m; rjrifyg[lvdkonf/ þodkYomruao;?
]]y&rwåopömonf igr&Sd? olr&Sd[laom todusifhpOf r*¾udk
ay;ygonf/ þtodusifhpOf r*¾onf todtm;vHk;udk
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
809
vufpwHk;azsmufzsufaom todusifhpOfr*¾jzpfygonf/
þtodusifhpOfr*¾ yGm;rsm;olrsm;onf todtm;vHk; vufpwHk;
atmif taysmuftysufcHMu&ygonf/ aemufxyf jyefvnfí
todw&m;aygufyGm;jzpfay:Edkifjcif; r&Sdawmhatmiftxd
jzpfygonf[k pmrsufESm (36)üyif þtusifhpOftrSefudk
uJh&JU½Iwfcsxm;ygao;onf/
xdkodkY uJh&JU½IwfcsMuaomfvnf; oabmobm0om
jzpfonfjzpfí igr&Sd? olr&Sd paomtjrifum; {0HyóH bdu©a0
okw0g t&d,obm0awm? ½kyo®d edAÁdE´wd? edAÁdE´H 0d&ZÆwd? 0d&m*g
0drkpw ö d? 0drkwåo®ð ]]0drkwå}} rDwdOmPHa[mwd ]]cDPgZmwd
0kodwHjA[®p&d,H? uwdu&dPD,H? emy&H£wåwåm,m
wdyZmemwd}}[k tewåvu©Pokwf (0d? 3? 20) ü£if;? cE¨0*¾
oH,kwfygVdawmf (ESm-68)ü£if; ponfjzifh a[mxm;awmfrlaom
pum;awmfESifh nDñGwf&um; rSefuefaomtjrifomjzpf&ygrnf/
þü t&d,om0aumü t&d,om0uum; bk&m;? yapöuAk’¨g
wdkYonf t&d,mrsm;omrnfí om0urrnfyg/ r&aomr*fzdkvf
&Sdaomvlrsm;onf om0uomrnfí t&d,mrrnfyg/
omoemawmfrStyjzpfaom azgufjyefaomt,l&Sdaom
wdw¬dwdkYonf t&d,mvnf;rrnf? om0uvnf;rrnfyg/
&tyfaom? r*fzdkvf&Sdaom? odtyfaom omoem(tqHk;tr) &Sdaom
omuD0ifrif;om; bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;wdkYonf t&d,m
vnf;rnfí om0uvnf;rnfygonf[k t*Fkwå& t|uxm (ESm
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
810
48) yXrtkyfü (4)rsdK;cGJjcm;í qdkxm;aom yk*d¾KvfwdkYwGif aemufqHk;
t&d,mvnf;jzpf? om0uvnf;jzpfaom yk*dK¾ vfrsm;om wenf;
t&d,mjzpfaom jrwfpGmbk&m;\ pum;udk vdkufem em;axmifaom
yk*dK¾ vfrsm;om þqdkcJhaomusifhpOfonf edAÁdE´ÓPf (tpGJuif;ÓPf)
jzpfNyD;vQif 0d&m*g0drkpw ö dt& tpGJuif;í
udavomrSvGwfajrmufojzifh cDPmZmwdt& aemifwzef
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
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y#dy’grSm tusOf;tm;jzifh wynfhawmf &Sif*kP0EÅonf awmifNrdKU

*E¨m½Hkq&mawmf OD;Zeumbd0Ho ESifh oHCmBuD;rsm;u
"r®0[
rjzpf&um; rSefuefaomtusifhpOfjzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh &SifOmPESifh
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf EIwfjzifh t&d,m[kqdkí usD;tmoD;uJhodkY twGif;ü
t&d,w&m;r&Sd&pum; t&d,m r[kwfMu[k oHk;oyfMuygonf/
47/ xdkYaemuf wzefvnf; oabmobm0rQom &Sdonf[laom
tjrif\ tjypfudkjyjyefvdkí (36-rsufESm)ü ]]avmuü igr&Sd?
oabmobm0om&Sdonf[k todtjrifÓPf a&muf
oabmaygufolonf igr&SdaomaMumifh ig bmudkyif
vkyfcJhaomfvnf; tusKd;r&SdNyD[k ,lqygonf}} [k a&;om;NyD;vQif
xdktusdK;r&Sdonfudk cH,lyHkudk ]]igtukefjyKwfonftxd oabm
obm0rQomjzpfatmif tm;xkwfNyD;vQif bmudkyif vkyfaomfvnf;
bmrSrjzpfNyD? b,fawmhrSrjzpfNyD? b,frSmrS rjzpfNyD bmvkyfwmrS
tusdK;rjzpfNyD/ bmrQtusdK;r&SdNyD þodkYcH,lygonf}} [k
a&;om;xm;jyefygonf/
þodkY cH,lyHkudk a&;om;xm;aomfvnf; &SifOmPESifh
&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY\ awG;awm,lqí cH,lcsufomjzpfygonf/ igr&Sd
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
811
oabmobm0rQom&Sdonf[laom tjrif\ rSefuefaMumif;udk
atmufü oHk;oyfMuírSefuefrIaMumifh tusdK;&aMumif;udkvnf;
pDppfoHk;oyfcJhMuygNyD/ £if;wdkYonf þodkYcH,lMuojzifh £if;wdkY\
cH,lrIaMumifh &aomtjypfudk ]]þt,lonf tusdK;w&m;udk
jiif;qdkaom ew¬du0g’D t,lrSm;odkYa&mufjcif;jzpfygonf}}[k
a&;om;xm;ygonf/
&SifOmPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf oabmobm0om
&Sdonf[laom tjrifonf bmrQtusdK;r&Sdaom tjrifjzpfí
ewådu0g’Dyk*d¾KvfwdkY\ t,lrSm;odkY a&mufjcif;jzpfygonf}} [laom
t,ludk,lMuolrsm; jzpfygonf/ ewådu0g’DwdkY\ ewådu’dXd[laom
t,ludk rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf tyPÖuokwf (ESm-63)üoEÅd*[
ywa,m {aworPjA[®Pm {0H’daem
{0H’dXdaem ewåd’EéH ewåd,HXH ewåd[kwH ewådok*wd’k*w
¾ m
eH ur®meH zvH0dygaum ewådt,Havmaum ewådya&m
avmaum ewådrmwm ewådydwm? ewådowåm Moyygwdum
ewådavmau orPjAm[®Pm or®*w ¾ m or®my#dyEém
a,£rÍöavmuH y&ÍöavmuH o,Htbdnm opäduwGm
ya0aEÅdwd?
[lí£if;? oDvu©E¨mygVdawmf omrnzvokwf tZdwauourÁ
v0g’ (ESm-51)üvnf; þtwl£if; rsm;pGmaom ygVdawmfwdkY\
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[mxm;cJhygonf/ ay;vSLaom uH\tusdK;
ordik ;f wifrw
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wnfaeaom yk*dK¾ vftm; wrvGefavmur&Sd? þavmuü
wnfaomyk*dK¾ vftm; wrvGefavmur&Sd? trdtz wdkYü
aumif;pGmjyKpk raumif;ojzifhjyKpkusdK;r&Sd/ þb0rS pkawNyD;í
y#doaEäeaom owå0gr&Sd? þavmuuwrvGefavmuudk
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[laom t,lonfom ew¬du’dXdew¬dut,ljzpfygonf/ xdkt,ludk
,lxm;aom yk*dK¾ vfwdkYonfvnf; ew¬du0g’Dyk*dK¾ vfwdkY jzpfygonf/
xdkYjyifvnf; igr&Sd[ktjrifonf aumif;rIraumif;rI jyKvkyfjcif;udk
jiif;qdkvdkaomtjrifvnf;jzpfygonf}} [k qdkNyD;vQif xdktjrifonf
tBud,0g’D ed,wrdpäm’dXdjzpfyHkudk ]]jyKvkyfjcif;onf
t,lt&mjzpfygonf}} Bud,monf jyKvkyfolyk*dK¾ vfuwåm;ESifh
uif;í jzpfaumif;onfr[kwfyg/ ]]ig}}[laom
jyKvkyfoluwåm;udk jiif;qdkjcif;onf
aumif;rIraumif;rIjyKvkyfjcif;[laom Bud,mudk
jiif;qdkjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ aumif;? raumif; jyKvkyfjcif; Bud,mudk
jiif;qdkjcif;onf tBud,m0g’Ded,wrdpäm’dXdt,lrSm; jzpfygonf}}
[k 37-rsufESmü &SifOmPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY a&;om;xm;ygonf/
tBud,0g’Dyk*dK¾ vfwdkY\ tBud,rdpäm’d|dt,ludk oDvu©E¨
ygVdawmf omrnzvokwfyk&mPuóy 0g’(ESm-48)üu&
awm r[m&mZum &,awm? qdE´ awmbdE´m
y,awm? ypawm ygpy,awm/ y/ ua&mawm
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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eu&d,wd ygyH / y/ ‘gaee ‘are oH,are
opö0aZÆeewådyknH? ewådyknótm*arm}}
[lí£if;? rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf (ESm-67)üvnf; þtwl£if;
a[mxm;awmfrlcJhygonf/
udk,fwdkif raumif;rIudkjyKaomoltm;£if;? olwyg;udk
jyKapaomoltm;£if;? udk,fwdkifolwyg;\ vufponfudk
jzwfaomoltm;£if;? olwyg;udkjzwfapaomoltm;£if;? olwyg;
wdkYudk udk,fwdkif’kwfjzifh n§if;qJESdyfpufaomoltm;£if;? n§if;qJ
ESdyfpufapaomoltm;£if;? y/ raumif;rIudk igonfjyKrd\
[laomtrSwfjzifh jyKaomoltm;vnf; raumif;rIudkjyKtyfonf
rrnf? raumif;rIonfr&dS/y/ ay;vIjcif;jzifh£if;? £a‘E´wdkYudk
ordik ;f wifrw
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apmifha&SmufvHkNcHKjcif;jzifh£if;? rSefuefaompum;wdkYqdkjcif;jzifh£if;?
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[laom t,lonfom tBud,rdpäm’d|dt,ljzpfygonf/ xdkt,ludk
,lMuaom yk*dK¾ vfwdkYonfom tBud,0g’Dyk*dK¾ vfwdkY jzpfygonf/
xdkrS aemufü &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf
oabmobm0rQomjzpfí igr&Sdtjrifonf ta[wkued,w
rdpäm’dXdt,lrSm;om jzpf&ygonf[k jzpfyHkudk jyjyefvdkí ]]igr&Sd
tjrifonf wavmuvHk;udk arSmufatmifazgufjyefvSygonf/
igr&SdvQif igjzifh rSwf&aom olwyg;pum;rsm;vnf;r&Sd? bmrS
r&Sdjzpfygrnf}} þodkY taMumif;udk a&S;OD;pGmqdkNyD;vQif xdk\tusdK;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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&onfudk ]]þodkYr&SdvQif wOD;uwOD;udk taumif;jyKvdkrI
tavmb ta’go tarm[ ESifh raumif;jyKvdkrI avmb a’go
arm[ [laom taMumif;&if; rlvw&m;rsm; rjzpfyGm;awmh atmif
jzpfygrnf/ aumif;rI raumif;rIwckck jyKrdaomfrS rawmfwq[k
wGufqrnfjzpfygonf/ þodkYjzpfjcif;onf uHwdkY\ rlvjzpfaom
a[wkw&m;rsm;udk jiif;qdkjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ a[wk w&m;rsm;udk
jiif;qdkjcif;onf ta[wku 0g’ded,w rdpäm’dXdjzpfygonf}}[k
pmrsufESm 37 ü a&;om;xm;Muygonf/
ta[wku 0g’dyk*dK¾ vfwdkY\ ta[wku rdpäm’d|dt,ludk
oDvu©EÿgVdawmf omrnzvokwf ru©vda*gomv0g’(ESm-
50)üew
¬dr[m&mZa[wk ew¬dypöa,mowåmeH oHudavom
,/ ta[wktypö,mowåoHudvdóEÅd/ ew¬da[wk
ypöa,m owåmeH 0dok’¨dom ta[wk typö,m
owåm0dokZÑEÅd ewåd twåuma&; ewådy&uma&/
ewådyk&douma&? ewådAvH? ewåd0D&d,H ewådyk&doxmarm?
ewådyk&doy&wåarm}}
ponfjzifh£if; rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf tyÜPuokwf (ESm-70)ü
vnf; þt,ltm;jzifh£if;? jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;ygonf/
owå0gwdkY\ pdwfnpfEGrf;jcif;\taMumif;jzpfaom
um,’kp½dkufpaom raumif;aom taMumif;onfr&Sd? owå0g
wdkY\pdwfoefY&Sif;jcif;\taMumif;jzpfaom um,okp½dkuf paom
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
815
aumif;aomtaMumif;onfr&Sd? rdrdjyKtyfaom ewfjA[®m
ordik ;f wifrw
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jzpfaomuHonfr&Sd/ olwyg;tm; qHk;ruHjrpfrIudk rSDí
vlwdkY\wifhw,frItp t&[wåzdkvfodkYa&mufaMumif; tqHk;jzpfaom
bk&m;avmif;rS wyg;aomtjcm;aomvltaygif; onf
jyKtyfaomuHonfr&Sd/ rdrdü rSDukefaom rdrd0d&d,ü rSDukefaom
owå0gwdkYtm; ewfpnf;pdrfpaom tusdK;rsm;odkY a&mufaMumif;tm;
0d&d,onfr&Sd? a,musfm;onf tm;xkwftyf? vHkYvjyKtyfaom
uHw&m;onfr&Sd/ ponfht,lonf ta[wku
rdpäm’d|dt,ljzpfygonf/ xdkt,ludk ,laomyk*dK¾ vf wdkYonf
ta[wku0g’Dyk*dK¾ vfrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
þodkYyif bk&m;ygVdawmfü ew¬du’dXd tBud,’dXd
ta[wku’dXdt,lrsm;udk txift&Sm; a[mMum;xm;cJhygonf/
&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf xkdjrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;xm;
aom ew¬du’dXdpaom t,lrsm;ESifh qefYusifbufjyKum ½kyfemrf
½Ií igr&Sd[laomtjrifaMumifh bmtusdK;rSr&Sd/ þew¬dut,l
ig[laom uwåm;r&SdaomaMumifh igonf jyKvkyftyfaom
Bud,mvnf;r&Sdí tBud,t,l igr&SdaomaMumifh igjyKvkyfaom
taumif;tqdk;[laom taMumif;r&Sdí ta[wku t,l[k
½kyfemrf½I&mü tjypfrsm;udk jyqdkxm;ygonf/ £if;wdkYonf
w&m;aeMuonfhtaejzifh þuJhodkY ½kyfemrf½Ií tjypfrsm;½Iae
onfudk avmuNrJ-rNrJ tjrifrSm;[k orkwfNyD;vQif rodem;rvnf
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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a[majymí vSnfhzsm;MuNyD;vQif xdka[majymí&aom
0w¬KaMu;aiGjzifh pm;aomufcg aexkdifMuolrsm;jzpfí t&d,mrsm;
r[kwfMu[k oHk;oyfMuygonf/
48/ £if;wdkYonf ½kyfemrf½Ií tjypf&SdvQif tb,fudk½Ií
w&m;ygoenf;[k ar;MuvQif £if;½kyfemrfwdkY\ qefYusifbuf
jzpfaom ½kyfemrfwdkYudkpGJí orkwftyfaom ig[laomtwåonf
&Sd\/ xdktwåudk½I&ygrnf/ xdkodkY½IqifjcifrS w&m;&Muygrnf/
£if;wdkYvnf; twåudk½Iíom aomwmyefESifh &[EÅmrsm;
jzpfaeMuygonf[k ajzMum;&ygrnf/ þodkY twåudkom½IrS
w&m;&Muygonf[kvnf; £if;wdkYt,l&SdMuonf/ xdktwåudk½IvQif
w&m;&Muygonf[laomt,lonf twåmEk’dXdjzpfygonf/
xdk’dXdonf ]]wwåuwrmtwåmEk’dXd}} £tów0g ykxkZÆaem
t&d,meH t’óm0D t&d,r®ó taum0da’g t&d,ar®
ordik ;f wifrw
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t0dedawm oyÜK&domeH t’ó0D oyÜK&dor®ó taum0da’g
oyÜK&doar® t0dedawm ½lyHtwåawm orEkyówd/ ½ly0EÅG 0g
twåmeH twåed0g½lyH ½lyo®ð 0g twåmeH? a0’eH/ y/ onH/ y/
ocFga&/ y/ 0dnmPH twåawm orEkyówd? 0dnmP0EÅH0g
twåmeH/ twåed0g 0dnmPH 0dnmPo®ð twåmed? ,m{0½kyg’dXd
‘dXd*wH/ y/ 0dy&d,mo*¾ga[m? t,H0kpw ö dtwåmEk’dXd [lí
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
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cka’ú0w¬K 0dbif;ygVdawmf (ESm-383)ESifhtnD? tm*rtd*r
r&Sdaom tEÿkxkZOfonf t&d,myk*dK¾ vfwdkYudk ÓPfrsufpdjzifh
rjrifonfjzpfí t&d,w&m;wdkYudk rvdr®monfjzpfí
t&d,mw&m;ü? oH0&0denf; y[me0denf; r&Sdonfjzpfí
olawmfaumif;wdkYudk ÓPfrsufpdjzifh rjrifonfjzpfí
olawmfaumif;wdkY\ w&m;udk rvdr®monfjzpfí olawmfaumif;
wdkY\w&m;ü oH0&0denf; y[me0denf; r&Sdonfjzpfí ½kyfw&m;udk
twå (ig)[k½I\/ a0’em onm ocFg& 0dnmOfwdkYudkvnf;
þ½kyftwl½I\/ þodkY oabm&Sdaomt,lonf twåmEk’dXd
(twåodkY tpOfvdkufaomt,l)[lí qdktyf\[k
a[mawmfrlygonf/ xdkt,ludk,laom &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ
wdkYonf twåmEk’dXd0g’D yk*dK¾ vfwdkY[lí qdk&ygonf/ xdkt,l&Sdaom
yk*dK¾ vfrsm;onfrdpäm’dXdaum
a[mwd 0dy&dw’óaem aomA[kZeH
o’¨r®m0kÍmö aywGm to’¨ ar®ywXmaywd/
(tH? 1? 35) ygVdawmft& vltaygif;udk olawmfaumif;
wdkY\ w&m;[laom ukovur®yx w&m; 10-yg;rS xapí
rolawmfw&m;[laom tukokvur®yx w&m; 10-yg;ü
wnfapojzifh vlewfwdkY\ t[dwtewå’ku©jzpf&ef jzpfygonf/
xdkrdpäm’dXduyk*d¾Kvfonf ]]rdpäm’dXduóbdu©a0 tEkyÜEémap
tukovr®m OyÜZÆEÅd? OyÜEémp tukov r®m bda,sm bm0g,
a0ykv’m, oH0wåEÅd [laom {u*FkwåygVdawmf (ESm-32)t&
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
818
rdpämt,l&Sdaom yk*dK¾ vfonf rjzpfao;aom tukodkvfw&m;wdkY
onf jzpfMuukefí jzpfNyD;aom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYonf vGefpGm
yGm;rsm;jyefYajymapjcif;iSm jzpfMuukefygonf/ xdkt,l&Sdaom
yk*dK¾ vfwdkYonf rdpäm’d|d,m bdu©a0 orEém*wm owåmum,ó
ab’g y&Hr&Pm tyg,H ‘k*w ¾ ð 0dedygwH ed&,H OyyZÆEÅd [laom
{u*FkwåygVdawmf (ESm-33)t& pkaw\tjcm;rJhü tyg,fbHkodkY
ordik ;f wifrw
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tnw&m*wdyg#ducged&a,m 0gwd&pägea,med0g}} [laom
{u*Fkwå&ygVdawmf (ESm-62)t& i&JESifhwd&pämefbHktm;jzifh
ESpfbHkwdkYwGif wbHkbHkodkY vm;a&muf&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
þ&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf t&d,mrsm;r[kwfMu[k
oHk;oyfMuygonf/
49/ yk*d¾Kvf? owå0g? ig? olwyg;? a,musfm;? rdef;r [laom
owå ZD0 twårvQif tb,fonf ½kyfemrfudk½Iygoenf;[k
ar;vmygvQif ½kyfemrf½Iaomw&m;um; wpHkwa,mufaom yk*dK¾ vf
owå0g igolwyg; a,muFsm; rdef;r r[kwfyg/ ynmESifh
,SOfaeaom pdwfuom ½kyfemrfudk½Iygonf/ xdkpdwfonf 0dnm
Pu©E¨mwdkYESifh,SOfaom a0’emum;a0’emu©E¨mwnf;/ xdkESifh,SOf
aomonmum; onmu©E¨mwnf;/ xdkpdwfESifhtwlwuGjzpfMu
aom zópaomw&m;rsm;um; orÇ&u©E¨mwnf;/ þcE¨m4yg;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
819
wdkYonf emrfcE¨mwdkYwnf;/ þodkYemrfw&m;wdkYudk ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf
NyD;í xdkemrfcE¨mwdkY\rSD&mudk &Smonf&dSaomf w’,0w¬K½kyfudk
awGYjrif&ayonf/ xdkw’,0w¬K½kyf\rSD&mum; r[mbkwf4yg;
wnf;/ xdkr[mbkwf 4-yg;udkpGJjzifhjzpfaom ½kyfwdkYum;Oyg’g½kyf
wdkYwnf;/ þ½kyftaygif;onf ½kyu©E¨mwnf;[k ydkif;jcm;owfrSwf
NyD;vQif þum;½kyf a&S;OD;pGmum; emrf[k tusOf;tm;jzifh ½kyfemrf
wdkYudk trsm;tm;jzifh cE¨mig;yg;wdkYudk þcE¨mig;yg;wdkYonf
‘ku©opömwnf;[k ‘ku©opömudkykdif;jcm;rSwfom;um xdk’u©opöm\
taMumif;wPSmum; ork’,opömwnf;/ xkd’ku©opöm
ork’,opöm 2yg;wdkY\csKyf&mum; eda&mopömwnf;/
xdkeda&mopömodkY a&mufaMumif;tusifhum; r*¾opömwnf;[k
a&S;OD;pGm opöm 4yg;wdkYudk ydkif;jcm;rSwfNyD;í tpOftm;jzifh t&d,
bHkodkY oufa&muf&ygonf/ þodkYaom ur®|mef;onf 0dyóem
ur®|mef; jzpf&ygonf/ þodkY emrf½kyfwdkYudk ½I&ygonf/ (t*Fkwå&
t|uxm 1? 367) þodkY ½IyHkudk rodMuojzifh ½kyfemrf½I&mü
tjypftrsdK;rsdK; jyqdkMuaom &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅwdkYonf
t&d,mrsm; r[kwfMu[k oHk;oyfMuygonf/
50/ EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uxH t,lcH0ifvTm pmrsufESm
2-ü ]]wynfhawmfwdkYonf ax&0g’oHCawmifrS orPrsm;
jzpfMuaomaMumifh wynfhawmfwdkY &&Sdxm;aomw&m;udk
oHCabmifrSm yxrqHk; csjyoifhonf/ oHCabmifrS vufrcH
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ed’gef;taejzifh &SifOmPESihf &Sif*kP0EÅwdkY a&;om;í t,lcH
xm;ygonf/ xdkpum;ü £if;wdkY &&Sdxm;aom w&m;rsm;um;
½kyfemrfw&m;rsm;udk twå (ig) [k ½IyGm;í &xm;aomw&m;wk
rsm;omjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhenf;[lrl &xm;aomw&m;\ &&m
&aMumif; y#dy’gum; or®my#dy’gr[kwfbJ rdpämy#dy’g
rdpämr*¾if[laom rdpäm’d|dazmufjyefaomt,l rdpämouFyÜ
azgufjyefaomtBuH paom tEk&d,tXF*d ur*¾ifrsm;om
jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ xdkpum;um; rSefvSygonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf y&dedAÁmef0ifcgeD;ü &Sifokb’´tm;
]],o®að cg okb’´ r®0dea, t&da,mtX*Øaumra*¾g eOyvAÇwd?
oraPmyd wuúe OyvAÇwd ‘kwda,m ydwwå
oraPmeOyvAÇwd wwda,mydwwåoraPm eOyvAÇwd/
pwkaw¬mydwwåoraPm OyvAÇwd/ £ro®að cgokb’´ r®0dea,
t&da,m tXF*daum ra*¾g OyvAÇwd/ wka00okb’´ oraPm/
£’kwda,m oraPm? £wwda,moraPm?
£pwkaw¬moraPm/ oknmy&yÜ0g’g oraPwdtanwd/
[kr[m0*¾yg|d(ESm-124)ü a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygonf/
þyg|awmfü tMuifomoemü t&d, tXF*dur*dr&dS?
xdkomoemü yxraomwmyef ‘kwd,oo’g*grf wwd,
tem*grf pwkw¬&[EÅm [laomorPrsm;r&tyfyg/
tXF*dwt&d,r*f &dSaomomoemü yXr ‘kwd, wwd, pwkw¬
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
821
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aom ax&0g’omoemawmfüum;- tX*Ðu t&d,r*f&dSí
þomoemawmfüom aomwmyefpaom t&d,myk*dK¾ vf&&dSyg onf/
þomoemawmfrSwyg; awmwdwådwdkY\txl;xl;
tjym;jym;rsm;aom t,l0g’wdkYonf wyg;ukefaom omrPwdkYrS
qdwfokOf;ukef\[k a[mxm;onfhtwdkif; &SifOmP? &Sif*kP0EÅ
wdkYonf £if;wdkY\ b0r&Sd[laomt,l0g’ ½kyfemrfudk twå(ig)[k
½I&rS w&m;tjrifaygufonf[laom t,l0g’wdkYü t&d,tX*Ø
ur*fr&Sdr&tyfaomaMumifh £if;wdkYt,l0g’twdkif; usifhBuHojzifh
&&SdaeMuaom ]]ig;rQm;aom wHigonf\ trnfudk ]Oygou
wGHaumemarmod} ]Oygoum oiftb,ftrnf&Sdoenf;} [k
bk&m;&Sifu ar;vQif ]t[HbaEÅ t&da,m emrmwd}[k wynfhawmf
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aomwmyef [laomtrnfonfvnf; tqef
rygaompyg;zsif;uJhodkY teuftdyÜg,fr&Sdaom ynwftrnfrsm;
om jzpfMuonfjzpfí ax&0g’ oHCabmifrS £if;wdkY 2-yg;udk
vufrcHoifhyg/ xdk 2-yg;wdkY\ oHCabmifrS xGufcGgoifhonf}}[k
a&;om;xm;onfhtwdkif; ax&0g’ oHCabmifrS ESifxkwfoifh
aom yk*dK¾ vfrsm;omjzpfMuojzifh yxr? ‘kwd,? wwd,? pwkw¬
omrPrsm;&Sdaom ax&0g’ omoemawmfrSty jzpfaom
xdkomrPrsm; r&Sdaom omoemodkYom oGm;oifhaomolrsm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
822
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(49) or®oe paom 0dyóemÓPfrsm;jzifh ½kyfemrf½Ií
½kyfemrfodrf;MuNyD;vQif opömav;ygwdkYudk ydkif;jcm;xdk;xGif;
íodum tpOfojzifh t&d,bHkodkY oufa&muf&yHkudk rodbJ
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
834
½kyfemrf½I&mü tjypftrsdK;rsdK; jyqdkaeMuaom aMumifh£if;?
(50) b0r&Sd[laom t,l0g’½kyfemrfudk twå(0g)[k ½IrS
w&m;tjrifaygufonf[laom t,l0g’wdkYü t&d, tX
*Øur*f r&tyf? r&SdtyfaomaMumifh xkdt,l0g’twdkif;
usifhBuHtm;xkwfojzifh &&SdaeMuaom &[EÅm[laom?
aomwmyef[laom t&d,monf ynwftrnfrsm;om
jzpfMuí ax&0g’omoemawmfrStyjzpfaom te&d,
tX*Øur*frsm; &Sdaeonf[kqdkaeMuaom tyomoem
odkYom oGm;oifhaomolrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh£if;?
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
1/ þqdkcJhNyD;aom 50 aomtaMumif;rsm;wdkYaMumifh
ppfudkif;wdkif;? vufaxmufomoema&;rSL;? OD;pdk;jrifh ESifh
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? rif;uGef;&Gm? a&Tjrifwifawmif? wynfhawmf
&SifOmP? &Sif*kPwdkY\ EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uxH omoem
awmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmü jzpfyGm;aom 0denf;r® uH
rIcif;trSwf(2^82)ukd ppfudkif;wdkif;? oHCem,utzGJUu
zGJUpnf;ay;aom wdkif;0dedpä,tzGJUu 1343ck? aESmif;wefcl;vqef;
6 &ufaeYu tqHk;tjzwfjyK rSm;rsm;z,f&Sm;í qHk;jzwfay;yg&ef
[laom EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uxH 1344? uqkefvqef;
(2)&uf? (24-4-82)aeYpGJYg t,lcHapm’em0ifvTmudk taxmuf
txm; taMumif;jycsufrsm;jzpfaom u-c-*-C-i-p-q
wdkYESifhwuG y,fzsufyvyfawmfrlMuí/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
835
&SifOmP (u-1) t,lcHapm’em0if apm’u ppfudkif;
NrdKUe,f? rif;uGef;awmif½dk;? a&TjrifwifawmifESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ (u-
2) t,lcHapm’em0if apm’u 0ufvufNrdKUe,f? ,if;rmawm
&Gm? tEkyg’g ,Ofaus;rIausmif;? ESpfyg;vHk;yif pwkw¬ yg&mZdu
tmywfoifha&mufMuonf[k ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f oHC0dedpä,tzGJU
trSwf(1) 0de,&q&mawmfrsm;u wnDwñGwfwnf; oabmwl
udk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;í qHk;jzwfcsuf csrSwfay;
vdkufMuonf}}[laom qHk;jzwfcsufonf r®0de,ESifhnDñGwfonf
udk awGU&Sd&aomaMumifh ppfudkif;wdkif;? oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(2)
0de,q&mawmfrsm;uvnf; tqdkyg &SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ 2-
yg;wdkYtm; pwkw¬yg&mZdu oifha&mufMuonf[k wnDwñGwf
wnf; oabmwludk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;awmf rlMuvsuf
NrdKUe,f0dedpä,tzGJU(1)\ trdefYtwdkif; wnfap&ef qHk;jzwfcsuf
csrSwfawmfrlMuonf/}} [laom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf ax&0g’
omoemawmfüvmaom r®0de,ESifhraoGrzD nDñGwfMuonf
jzpfaomaMumifh EdkifiHawmf oHC0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9) 0ded,&
q&mawmfrsm;uvnf; tqdkyg&SifOmPESifh &Sif*kP0EÅ 2-yg;wdkY
tm; pwkw¬yg&mZdutmywfoifha&mufMuonf[k
wnDwñGwfwnf; oabmwlnDpGm udk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;í
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? 0dedpä,tzGJU(1)\ trdefYtwdkif;yifwnfap&ef
xyfqifhí qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfawmfrlMuonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
836
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
2/ &SifOmPESifh&Sif*kP0EÅwdkY a&;om;xm;aom omoem awmf
avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmESifh r®ylZm pmtkyfi,frsm;onf
jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; rax&ftqufquf
wdkY aqmif,lcJhonfjzpfí rysufrpD;cJhaom ax&0g’omoem
awmfvm r®0ded,rsm;ESifh qefYusifbufjyKí a&;om;xm;aom
aMumifh£if;? xdkYjyif ax&0g’ omoemawmfudk (rysufrpD;atmif
xrf;aqmifcJhí xdkomoemawmfudk) rod&Sdao;aom yk*dK¾ vfrsm;
od&Sdap&ef tus,fa&;om;zGifhjyxm;Muaom 0dok’¨dr*¾ t|uxm
ESifh rdvdEýO§mygVdrsm;udk omoema&;avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm
(17)ESmü 0dok’¨dr*fb,fvJ- rdvdEýO§mb,fvJ[laom trnfwyfí
a&;om;xm;aompmtkyfrsm;ESifh v,fwDq&mawmf bk&m;BuD;
ax&0g’omoemawmfESifhnDpGm tus,fa&;om; xm;aom
edAÁme’DyeDusrf;udk £if;wdkY\b0r&Sd}} [laomt,lESifh
qefYusifaeojzifh edAÁme’DyeDb,fvJ[k trnfwyfí a&;om;
xm;aompmtkyfrsm;ESifh wdwfacGrsm;onf rodem;yg; rvnfao;
aom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk b0r&Sd}}[laom tjrifrSm; t,lrSm;odkY
a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifaeaom pmtkyfrsm;? wdwfacGrsm;[k
0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm; ,lqMuojzifh xdkpmtkyfrsm;ESifh wdwfacGrsm;
a[majymjzefYcsDcGifhudk wm;jrpfaMumif; wnDwñGwf wnf;
qHk;jzwfawmfrlMuygonf/
EdkifiHawmfoHC 0dedpä,tzGJUtrSwf(9) 0denf;dk&fq&mawmfrsm;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
837
(1) q&mawmfOD;auvmom bd0Ho (obmywd q&mawmf)
ousoD[ESifh tpdk;&r®mp&d, (odu©m-43)
(2) q&mawmfOD;OmP (tzGJU0if) (ygVdyg&*l) tpdk;&r®mp&d,
(odu©m-43)? pnfomausmif;? rdk;xdwdkuf? rEÅav;NrdKU/
(3) q&mawmfOD;ukPv (tzGJU0if)? tpdk;&r®mp&d,? bDat
(odu©m-43)? tvnfwdkufBuD;? qifwJwdkuf? rEÅav;NrdKU/
(4) q&mawmfOD;oH0& (tzGJU0if) odu©mousoD[
rlvr®mp&d,ESifh tpdk;&r®mp&d,odrfausmif;?
awmifxD;vif; wdkuf? rEÅav;NrdKU/
(5) q&mawmfOD;ukov (tzGJU0if)? tpdk;&r®mp&d,? (odu©m-
40)? atmifr*Fvmausmif;? rmefatmifwdkuf? rEÅav;NrdKU/
_____
odYk
Ouú|
NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJU
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
ppfudkif;NrdKU/
wydkYwGJvqef;(9)&uf? 44 ck/
taMumif;t&m/ ax&0g’ &[ef;oHCmtjzpf? pGefYypfNyD;jcif;
ESifh ax&0g’omoemudk pGefYypfNyD;jcif;
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
838
avQmufvTm
avQmufxm;ygonf/
wynfhawmfwdkYonf jymodkvqkwf(13)&ufaeYu
jrawmifwdkufodrfausmif; (rEÅav;)ü EdkifiHawmfoHC 0dedpä,
trSwf(9)tzGJUrS yg&mZduusaMumif; qHk;jzwfonfudk emMum;cJh&
ygonf/
xdkYaMumifh ax&0g’omoemESifhoHCmonf wynfhawmf
wdkYESifh rqdkifawmhaomt&mrsm; jzpfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh jymodk
vqkwf (13)&ufn (10)em&DcGJavmufrSmyif ax&0g’ omoem
&[ef;oHCmtjzpfESifh ax&0g’udkyg pGefYvTwfNyD;aMumif; wynfh
awmfwdkY today;avQmufxm;tyfygonf/
&SifOmP+&Sif*kP
rif;vGifNcH
ykPÖm;ukef;aus;&Gm? ykodrfBuD;NrdKU/
rdwåLudk - EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU/
EdkifiHawmfygwDOuú|BuD;? &efukef/
EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|? &efukef/
ygwDokawoeXme? &efukef/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
839
omoema&;0efBuD;Xme? &efukef/
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? ygwDOuú|/
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? aumifpDOuú|/
ppfudkif;wdkif;? a’oygwDaumfrDwDOuú|/
ppfudkif;wdkif;? aumifpDOuú|/
ppfudkif;wdkif;? oHCem,uOuú|/
ppfudkif;wdkif;? omoema&;rSL;/
ppfudkif;NrdKUe,f? omoema&;rSL; odkY ay;ydkYygonf/
odYk
wm0efcH0efBuD;
jynfxJa&;ESifhomoema&;Xme
&efukefNrdKU/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
aeYpGJ? 20-2-83
taMumif;t&m/ ypöKyÜefur®0g’D r®0d[m&Dtjzpf &yfwnf
aexdkifaMumif; today;jcif;/
0efBuD;odap&ef today;taMumif;Mum; tyfygonf/
wcsdefu OD;Zif;wdkYonf ppfudkif;rif;uGef; a&Tjrifwifawmifü
oDwif;oHk;aexdkifolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
840
vGefcJhaom q,fu EdkifiHawmfoHC0dedpä,trSwf(9)rS
pwkw¬yg&mZduusaMumif; tqHk;tjzwfcHcJhMu&ygonf/ vl
odkYr[kwf omraPvkyfíae&efvnf; Mo0g’tay;cHcJhMu& ygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomfvnf; odjrifxm;NyD;aom w&m;r®t&
vlYabmifoGm;&efESifh omraPabmifqif;&efrSm rjzpfEkdifaom
tajctaerSm &Sdaeygonf/
xdkYaMumifh a&mif0gouFef; qifjref;0wf½Hkjcif;udk vHk;0
pGefYvTwfí ax&0g’rS xGufcGgNyD; a&mifjym aygif;yD0wfol ypöKyÜef
ur®0g’D r®0d[m&Dtjzpf cH,lvsuf udk,fhbmombm0 odu©mrsm;
jzifh oDwif;oHk;aexdkifoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/
vlom;rsm;tm; udk,fEIwfESvHk; apmifhoHk;rI rapmifhoHk;rI\
aumif;usdK;ESifhqdk;jypfudk today;í vlYavmuNidrf;csrf;atmifESifh
vlrIa&;tusifhtBuHrsm; rSefuefatmif? wdkif;jynfEdkifiHwdk;wuf atmif
tpGrf;&SdorQ ypöKyÜefur®0g’jzifh r®0d[m&Dtjzpf
tvkyfta<u;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; today;
taMumif;Mum;tyfygonf/
r®0d[m&DOmP ESifh r®0d[m&D*kP
rif;vGifNcH
ykPÖm;ukef;&Gm? ykodrfBuD;NrdKU?
rEÅav;NrdKU/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
841
rdwåLudkygwDOuú|
BuD;? &efukef/
ygwDokawoeXme? &efukef/
EdkifiHawmfaumifpDOuú|? &efukef/
wdkif;ESifhjynfe,f ygwDESifhâumifpDrsm;odkY ay;ydkYygonf/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;\ed*Hk;/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
842
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
1/ þed*Hk;udk r®0d[m&DwdkY\ r®0d[m&Dtjzpfjzifh Oyoum
OyyuDwdkYtm; yxrqHk;ajymqdkaompum;jzifh ed*Hk;csKyf
ay;&rnfjzpfygonf/
2/ BudK;acGrSul;,lxm;aom þpum;rsm;rSm atmufyg twdkif;
jzpfygonf/
1344ck wydkYwGJvqef;(7)&ufaeY wumBuD; OD;wifhvGif
wdkY\ ykPÖm;ukef;&Gm tdrfNcHrSm OD;yÍÆif;wdkY&JU wum wumrawGudk
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY&JU onftoGifoP²mefeJY yxrqHk; EIwfqufwJhpum;
ajymzdkYjzpfygw,f/ onfpum; OD;yÍÆif;wdkY enf;enf;ajymygr,f/
ajymr,fqdk&if OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk cifAsm;wdkYjrifaeMu&wJhtwdkif;
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY&JU ½kyftoGifoP²mef[m e*dku tcsKyftvkyfrsdK;vnf;
r[kwfawmhbl;/ e*dku tNcHKt½HkrsdK;vnf; r[kwfawmhbl;/ e*dku
taoG;ta&mifrsdK;vnf; r[kwfawmhbl;/ qdkwmudk cifAsm;wdkY
rsufapheJYjrifaeMu&ygw,f/ ‘gudk oifhwifhoavmuf odMu
jrifMuNyD;om;vnf; &SdwJholawG &SdMuygr,f/ tckrS awGU& od&wJh
olawGvnf; &Sdygr,f/ ‘gudk OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajymcsifwmuawmh OD;yÍÆif;
onftajctae a&mufvm&wmeJY pyfvsOf;wm&,f? OD;yÍÆif; wdkY&JU
a&SUqufNyD;awmh vkyfaqmifrSm pyfvsOf;wm&,f? wu,fawmh
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYajymwJhpum;xJrSm udk,fhudk,fudk
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYajymwmuawmh ax&0g’ omoemawmfrS OD;yÍÆif; qdkwJh
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
843
teuftwår[kwfbl;/ udk,fhudk,fudk ajymaeuspum;wck
EIwfusdK;aewm&,f? udk,fh&JU t,ltqeJYudk,fajymwm&,f?
onfvdkrsdK;av;avmufom cifAsm;wdkYu odxm;ay;Muyg/
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY [dkwcsdefu EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,uxHrSm
omoemawmfa&; avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmqdkNyD;awmh
avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTmudk avQmufxm;awmif;qdkcJhMuwm vnf;
cifAsm;wdkYtodjzpfygw,f/ tJonf omoemawmfa&;
avQmufxm;awmif;qdkvTm qufuyfcsuft& OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk
qufuyfNyD;aemuf 3-4-5 v tMumrSm OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk w&m;pGJqdk
r,fqdkwmvnf; odygw,f/ aemuf rESpfu OD;yÍÆif;wdkY onfvdk
aqmif;OD;&moDuav;avmufrSmyJ OD;yÍÆif;wdkYtwGuf NrdKUe,f
oHCmh0dedpä, pwkw¬yg&mZdu usapqdkNyD; t½HI; qHk;jzwfcsuf
cswmudkvnf; odMuygw,f/ aemufwcg onfhxuf aemuf
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY wydkYwGJ? waygif;avmufrSmvm;? waygif;aemufydkif;
wefcl;tprSmyJ wdkif;oHC0dedpä,uaeNyD;awmh OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk
t½HI;qHk;jzwfcsufcswmudkvnf; cifAsm;wdkY odcJhMuygw,f/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
aemufwcg usKyfwdkYA[dkudk t,lcHNyD;awmh aemufqHk;ydwf
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk onf jymodkvqkwf (13)&ufaeY (1)em&Dtcsdefu
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk jrawmifwdkuf? odrfausmif;qdkwJh rEÅav;u
ausmif;wausmif;rSm t½HI;qHk;jzwfcsuf wcgcsygw,f/ tJ’g[m
awmhjzifh aemufqHk;ydwf ax&0g’omoemrSm OD;yÍÆif;wdkYtaeeJY
wufp&mr&SdawmhwJh ½Hk;wckudka&mufNyD; tqHk;tjzwfcH&wm
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
844
jzpfygw,f/ tJ’geJYpyfvsOf;vdkY OD;yÍÆif;wdkYrSm tawG;tjrif
uav;awGjzpfygw,f/ OD;yÍÆif;wdkYuvnf;yJ olwdkYtay:rSm
t,lcHapm’emwifwkef;uwnf;u uqkefvqef; (2)&ufaeYu
aemufqHk;t,lcH apm’emvTm wifvdkufygw,f/ tJonfwkef;u
wnf;u wu,fvdkYom wynfhawmfwdkYudk tok’¨vdkYqdkwJh
t½HI;qHk;jzwfvdkY&Sdvsif tJonfqHk;jzwfwJhtcsdefrSmyJ qHk;jzwfzdkY&m
twGuf nd§EdIif;wdkifyifwJh tcsdefrSmyJ wynfhawmfwdkY[m t&Sifbk&m;wdkY
ax&0g’omoemawmfudk pGefYypfNyD;om; jzpfw,f vdkY
wynfhawmfwdkY\ t&d,opöm omoempGefYypfNyD;om; jzpfw,fvdkY
tJonfvdkrsdK; taMumif;Mum;NyD; a&;om;xm;cJhNyD;om; jzpfygw,f/
aemufwcg OD;yÍÆif;wdkY t,lcHapm’emvTmxJrSmvnf;
onftaMumif;udk xnfhoGif;a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ aemuf olwdkY
qHk;jzwfMuwJhtcsdefrSmvnf;yJ tJonfxnfhoGif;a&;om;csuf
awGawmifrSyJ oHk;oyfNyD;awmhvnf;yJ a&;om;xm;wm OD;yÍÆif;wdkY
awGU&ygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmhjzifh EdkifiHawmfoHCr[mem,u
trSL;&SdwJh ax&0g’oHCmawGtaeeJY OD;yÍÆif;wdkY[m ax&0g’
omoemtjyifbuf xGufoGm;NyDvdkYqdkwmudk olwdkYodMuygw,f/
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYuvnf;yJ wu,fyJ ax&0g’ oHCmhtjyifbufudk
vGwfajrmufNyD;om;vdkY udk,fhudk,fudk odjrifNyD;awmh aeMuygw,f/
‘guawmhjzifh onfaeYuawmhjzifh OD;yÍÆif;wdkY[m t&ifwkef;u
udk,f&yfwnfNyD;aecJhwJh ax&0g’ omoemxJrSm r&Sdawmhbl;vdkY
‘guav;udk ajymcsifygw,f/
r®0d[m&Ded’gef;
845
‘g OD;yÍÆif;wdkY aemufqHk;avQmufvmcJhwJhc&D;yg/ ‘g ‘DwaeY
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajym&rSmuawmh ‘gav;awGuawmh ajcqif;taeeJY
taMumif;pyfvdkY ajymwmvdkY rSwf,lyg/ odoavmufvnf;
odaeMuygNyD/ aemufrodao;wmqdkvnf; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk odoGm;
atmif? wdwdususodoGm;atmifqdkNyD; onfpum;udk ajymvdkufwm
jzpfwJhtwGuf onfpum;twdkif;yJ rSwf,lyg/
ordik ;f wifrw
S w
k w
"r®0[
‘gu tck OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajym&rSmu OD;yÍÆif;wdkY[m
t&ifvlawGr[kwfawmhygbl;/ tck[muawmh aemufol jzpfoGm;
NyDvdkY OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajymcsifygw,f/ aemufoljzpfoGm;NyDqdkawmh
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY&JU rdwfaqGo*F[rsm;u OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk b,fvdkod&rvJ
qdkwmudk OD;yÍÆif;wdkYu twdtusajymjyzdkY vdktyfw,fvdkY ‘g
tdyÜg,fa&muf&ygw,f/ tJovdkqdkawmh OD;yÍÆif;wdkYeJY qufpyf
aygif;a&mif;NyD;oumv pum;pNrDawG ajymqdkaeMuolawGu
OD;yÍÆif;wdkYqdkwm b,fvdkolvdkY OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajymwmem;axmifzdkY
twGuf OD;yÍÆif;wdkY ajymqdk&rSmyg/ wu,fawmh OD;yÍÆif;wdkY[m
OD;yÍÆif;wdkY &ifxJrSm vlawGtwGuf usifhoHk;p&m trSefw&m;
wdwdusus &Sdw,fvdkY OD;yÍÆif;wdkYu onfvdkjrifygw,f/ tJonf
vdk jrifwmjzpfwJhtwGuf tJonfopömw&m;udk vlawGtwGuf
aumif;usdK;csrf;omjzpfapEdkifwJh w&m;udkyJ OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk,fwdkif
aqmif&GufNyD;pD;oGm;ovdk OD;yÍÆif;wdkYudk csOf;uyfNyD;oumv
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