Date 06 0112021

Green's Theorem

In order to solve the boundary condition problem in

Electrostatic it is necessary to develop some new mathematical

tools such as Green's theorem

Let us assume pcx is the given charge distribution

the potential at P
y
Xp g
Ian of an

o sonisin
Now from divergence theorem

I II de
J It Is

A well behaved vector field the volume V is bounded by

the closed surfaces
Assume A 0174 where f f y are arbitary
scaler functions or fields
I A F 41 10 94.74 to TTY
I ri QIU h 4 In

where 21am is the normal derivative at the surface s

Green's first identity

t 4 4 de 431N as
EH de
gf we write down above equation again with 44 y interchanged then
de t 4 4 de y 229 as
EH
 Let us do the subtraction of above two equation

lol YING de Cozen y F as

The above equation can be used to convert the differential form

of poisson equation into integral form as follows

Poisson equation tho PIE

Let 4 1 any In 4178A x't

44984 xDdealt Eof ffIx d3e

f ofFn Cte Z ds

Io auto don't Hagen 0 Hadas

Equation allow us to evaluate the potential at an arbitary co

x provided we ord nates

know the following conditions

Pew is known within the volume

either lo og 2012N is known on the boundary

St X lies outside the surface S the left hand aide of CD is zero

Two remarks are in order about reaultCD

I Gf the surface s goes to infinity and the electric field on
s falls off faster than R
1
than the nurface integral vanishes and
IED ate.JP
xqd3e
2 for a change free volume the potential anywhere inside the
volume is expressed in in terms of potential and its normal derivative
only on the surface of the volume This is a integral statement since
The arbitrary specification of both Q and Allan is an overspecification

of the problem

Uniqueness of the solution with Dirichlet on Neumann boundary

condition

The specification of the potential on a closed surface defines a

unique potential problem This is called Dirichlet boundary conditions

specification of the electric field normal derivative of potential

Hy the
everywhere on the surface also defines a unigue problem specification
of normal derivative is known as Neumann boundary condition

Uniqueness in case of Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition can be

proven easily Assume of and 42 are solutions of poisson Equation with

same boundary conditions
Let u 4 of Thu o and U o or 242N o

on s for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary condition respectively

From first Green's identity with pay u

u Yg dux
f Irv IV au d3s

flautdsa s
v En dun

JITIUTd se O FU o

Consequently inside V U is constant For Dirichlet boundary conditions 0 0

on s no that inside U 9 02 and the solution is unique