MONIS, Clemcy Pearl A.

BSN – 1A

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY ACTIVITY

MACRO AND MICRO MINERALS

MACRO MINERALS
• any mineral required in the diet in relatively large amounts
MINERALS FUNCTIONS SOURCES RDA
Important for healthy Milk and milk products; The US recommended
bones and teeth; helps canned fish with bones daily allowance of
muscles relax and (salmon, sardines); calcium is 1000-1200
contract; important in fortified tofu and mg/day for adults.
nerve functioning, blood fortified soy milk; greens
clotting, blood pressure (broccoli, mustard
regulation, immune greens); legumes
system health
Needed for proper Table salt, soy sauce; The estimated value for
large amounts in chloride intake for adults is
fluid balance, set to 2,300 mg/day.
processed foods; small
stomach acid Considering dietary
amounts in milk, recommendations for
meats, breads, and sodium and chloride, it must
vegetables be taken into account that
high intake of sodium and
chloride as salt (sodium
chloride) is associated with
adverse health effects.
Found in bones; needed Nuts and seeds; Magnesium is also used
for making protein, legumes; leafy, in ion transport, cell
muscle contraction, signaling, and cell
green vegetables;
nerve transmission, migration. The RDA for
immune system health seafood; chocolate; magnesium is 400-420
artichokes; "hard" mg for men and 310-
drinking water 320 mg for women.
Important for healthy Meat, fish, poultry, The RDA of
bones and teeth; found eggs, milk, phosphorus is 700
in every cell; part of the
processed foods mg for adults.
system that maintains
acid-base balance (including soda Phosphorus is
pop) abundant in most
food sources.
Needed for proper Meats, milk, fresh Low potassium levels
fluid balance, nerve fruits and can be dangerous,
resulting in fatigue,
transmission, and vegetables, whole
muscle cramps, and
muscle contraction grains, legumes abdominal pain. Adults
need about 4.7 grams
of potassium per day.
Meats, milk, fresh Table salt, soy sauce; Sodium helps to
fruits and large amounts in maintain proper blood
processed foods; small volume and blood
vegetables, whole
amounts in milk, pressure. Most adults
grains, legumes breads, vegetables, require between 1.5
and unprocessed meats and 3.8 grams of
sodium chloride per
day.
Found in protein Occurs in foods as Sulfur is an important
component of two amino
molecules part of protein: acids, cysteine and
meats, poultry, fish, methionine, that are used
eggs, milk, legumes, in most proteins of the
nuts body.
Because sulfur is
abundant in nature, it is
not usually classed as a
required nutrient in the
diet.
 TRACE MINERALS (MICROMINERALS)
• The body needs trace minerals in very small amounts
MINERALS FUNCTIONS SOURCES
Part of a molecule
(hemoglobin) found
in red blood cells
that carries oxygen
in the body; needed
for energy
metabolism
Part of many enzymes;
needed for making protein
and genetic material; has a
function in taste perception,
wound healing, normal
fetal development,
production of sperm,
normal growth and sexual
maturation, immune
system health
Found in thyroid
hormone, which
helps regulate
growth,
development, and
metabolism
Part of many enzymes;
needed for iron
metabolism
RDA
Organ meats; red The RDA of iron for
meats; fish; poultry; men is 8 mg, for
shellfish (especially women 18 mg, and for
clams); egg yolks; pregnant women 27
legumes; dried fruits; mg.
dark, leafy greens;
iron-enriched breads
and cereals; and
fortified cereals
Meats, fish, poultry, The US RDA for zinc
leavened whole is 11 mg for men
grains, vegetables and 8 mg for
women.
Seafood, foods Iodine deficiency can
cause brain damage,
grown in iodine-rich mental retardation,
soil, iodized salt, hypothyroidism, goiter,
bread, dairy and other health
products problems. The US RDA of
iodine is 150 micrograms.
Legumes, nuts and The US RDA of copper
seeds, whole grains, is 800 micrograms for
organ meats, drinking adults. Copper is found
water in shellfish, nuts, seeds,
and whole grains.

Part of many Widespread in Adequate daily intake of

manganese is 2.3 mg for
enzymes foods, especially men and 1.8 mg for
plant foods women. Deficiency of
manganese can lead to
osteoporosis, diabetes,
and epilepsy.
Unrefined foods, males 14-50 years, 35
Works closely with especially liver, mcg; males 51 and
insulin to regulate brewer's yeast, whole older, 30 mcg; females
grains, nuts, cheeses 19-50 years, 25 mcg;
blood sugar
females 51 and older,
(glucose) levels 20 mcg.
Drinking water The average fluoride
intake per day in areas
Involved in (either fluoridated with fluoridated
formation of bones or naturally drinking water is 1.4 to
and teeth; helps containing 3.4 mg. In areas without
prevent tooth decay fluoride), fish, and fluoridated water, it is
0.3 to 1 mg per day.
most teas
Legumes; breads and The Recommended Dietary
grains; leafy greens; Allowance (RDA) for adult
Part of some men and women is 45
leafy, green
enzymes μg/day. The average
vegetables; milk; liver dietary intake of
molybdenum by adult men
and women is 109 and 76
μg/day, respectively.
Meats, seafood, The US RDA for
Antioxidant grains selenium is 55
micrograms.