QUIZ # 1
I. Define and explain the following:

1. Voltage

The voltage is the force exerted by a power source on charged electrons in a

conducting wire, allowing operations such as lighting a light to be accomplished. It is a
measurement of the amount of energy contained inside of an electric circuit at a certain
place. The voltage can be characterized by either alternating current (AC) or direct
current (DC).

2. Resistance

Electrical resistance pertains to the quantity of how well a restriction a device or

substance could exert, to restrict the electric current passing through it, or it is the
resistance that a circuit could provide to the electric current passage. Also, it is
expressed or represented in ohms (Ω). To further understand the concept behind the
electrical resistance, imagine the flow present inside water pipes. As the pipes becomes
thinner, the resistance increases proportionally.

3. Amperage

To define the amperage, is the strength of an electric current which is also

represented in amperes. It is characterized by the flow of positively charged particles,
such as what we called electrons or the ions. The flow happens through any good
electrical conductor.

4. Energy

Energy can be defined as the ability or capacity to do work. Without energy,

modern civilizations would not occur, and is not possible to dynamically progress. To do
work, energy is required. Moreover, energy has various forms such as: thermal, motion,
light, chemical, electrical, nuclear, and gravitational. Also, energy, in physics may be in
the form of potential, the stored energy, or kinetic, the moving or working energy that is
dynamic. After expending energy, it is always transformed or designated according to its
usage or nature.

5. Power

In electricity, power is at which the electrical energy is being transmitted through

an electric circuit, measure through per unit of time. Power is indicated through the
units of watts which is equivalent to one joule per second.
6. Ampacity

Ampacity is the greatest current that a conductor could carry, in amps, under
every normal circumstance, of a device, without exceeding the temperature rating.
There are instances that if the ampacity of the conductor exceeds normal conditions,
the excessive heat produced by the current will cause the insulation materials to
deteriorate. Furthermore, ampacity is also referred to as a current that carries capacity.
Lastly, it can also be described as the measurement of the extent of a conductor’s ability
to dissipate amount of heat without any harmful backlash on itself or on to the
insulation material.

7. Voltage Drop

Wires that are carrying current, always have an intrinsic resistance to any flow.
Voltage drop is defined as the amount of decrease in electrical potential, throughout the
whole path of a current present in an electrical circuit. This most likely happen if there is
any impedance that is happening in the part of the circuit. Voltage drop is an
undesirable occurrence, for some of the energy that was supplied is being degenerated.
Furthermore, it could cause light to burn and to flicker, it can also cause heaters to
reach the highest temperature and later overheat, and the motors to become burned.

8. Inductance

Inductance is the capacity or ability of an inductor to store multiple energy to the

magnetic field that is formed by electrical current’s flow. Energy is required for the
magnetic field, and inductors are the ones that creates a voltage that is opposing to the
rate of change in the current of a particular circuit. As the electric currents have created
magnetic field, that is the inductance. Additionally, to improve the magnetic field, coils
of the wire are inherently employed, for it enhances the coupling.

9. Capacitance

Capacitance is the component or circuit’s ability to collect, and be able to store

energy which is in the form of an electrical charge/s. Also, it is the electric charge’s ratio
of amount that is stored in a conductor, up to the voltage or potential difference that
exists between.

10. Amplitude
 One of alternating current power’s property is its amplitude. It is described as
the greatest amount of voltage or current. It is by far represented either by one of the
two peaks of the wave. The voltage level could either be positive or negative, but it does
not imply that a negative amount is less than the value of zero, for it indicates opposite
flow in direction.

II. What are the differences between an AC CIRCUIT AND DC CIRCUIT? EXPLAIN.

Alternating current circuit (AC), is the normal electricity that is coming out on the power
outlets, it can also be defined as the charge flow that has a constant change in direction. It
changes direction, for electrons presents could either move upward, indicated as positive, or
could move downward in direction, indicated as negative. AC is hence, called alternating
because the flow of the current alternates between the positive (+) and the negative (-). In
power plants, the alternators that generate alternating current (AC) is called, sinusoidal AC
wave.

On the other hand, the Direct Current (DC) circuit, is linear in the nature of electrical
current, flowing into a straight path or line. Moreover, direct current or DC can be produced or
generated to various ways such as: through batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the modified
alternators. In order to convert the alternating current into a direct current, transformer should
be used, or by employing rectifiers, which are able to do so. Rectifiers are commonly utilized on
electrical devices, and commonly incorporated to the power supply of the device. While the
transformer is only utilized to increase or decrease the voltage to produce an acceptable level,
which is good and safe for consumption. The only difference between Alternating current and
the Direct Current is that DC power is more constant in the supply of voltage, and most of the
technology, and devices today relies on DC power like as batteries.

To summarize, the passage of electrical charges in one direction is known as direct current
(DC), which is also the steady state. If the flow of charges alternate and reverses in direction,
that is known as the alternating current or AC.

III. Problem
 40 v

R1 = 15 Ω R2 = 25 Ω R3 = 35 Ω R4 = 45 Ω
Compute for the following
1. Individual Branch Currents I1 , I2, I3, I4

2. Total Circuit Current IT

3. Total Resistance in the Circuit.