Name: Perez, Isaiah Danniel J.

CE 213-18
Section: 2CE-3 Quiz #1
Instructor: Engr. Benjamin V. Ramos
I. Define & explain the following
1. Voltage
- Voltage is a factor in electricity that pushes the electrons along the circuit, acting
like an electrical pressure from the negative end of a power source to the positive
end where electrons will stay. The pressure, which is the voltage, enables the
electricity to flow around a circuit, and therefore powers electrical equipment like
a light bulb or an electric stove. The formula to solve the voltage of a simple circuit
is 𝑽 = 𝑰𝑹, where V is the voltage, I is the current of a circuit, and R is the
resistance. Voltage is measured in volts (V). The higher the volts, the easier
electricity can flow.

2. Resistance
- Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current measured
in ohms (Ω). Higher resistance means the more difficult
electrons flow. Most metals, have low resistance. This means
that electricity can flow easier in materials made of metal.
That is why we use copper wires in our circuits. To calculate
𝑽
the resistance of a simple circuit, we use the formula 𝑹 = 𝑰

3. Amperage
- Named after a French physicist and mathematician, and father of
electromagnetism, André Marie Ampère, it is the strength of an
electric current, or the amount of electrical charge flowing in a
point of a circuit in one second, which is denoted by Amperes
𝑽
(A). To calculate the current, we use the formula 𝑰 = 𝑹

4. Energy
- Defined as the capacity to do work in the field of
Physics, energy, in our case, is the result of the
electrical attraction or repulsion between a positive
charged particle and a negative charge. Electrical
energy is often converted to mechanical energy or
heat, depending on the intended function. For
example, the electrical energy used in a light bulb is
used to heat up a piece of wire inside the bulb, which
then lights up as a result of the heat, illuminating the
surroundings.

5. Power
- Power is the rate in which electrical energy is transferred by a circuit or used over
time. It can be calculated using the formula 𝑷 = 𝑰𝑽. The SI unit for power is Joules
per second or Watts
 6. Ampacity
- The ampacity is the maximum amount of current that a wire can carry without
anomalies. In short, ampacity is the current-carrying capacity. The current of a
circuit is not 100% used while travelling through a wire. Some of the current is
converted into heat. If the heat produced exceeds the ampacity of the wire, the cable
might fail or catch fire. Therefore, the ampacity of a conductor is dependent on its
ability to dissipate heat without damage.

7. Voltage Drop
- Voltage drop is the decrease in the electrical potential when electricity flows on a
path. It is how much the difference in voltage between the beginning and the end
of a circuit or a conductor. When electricity flows, there is always a resistance
present, depending on the length and the size of the wires. Because of this
resistance, the voltage may be lower on the end.

8. Inductance
- Inductance is the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in
the electric current flowing through it

9. Capacitance
- Capacitance is the ability of an electrical
component or circuit to collect and store energy
in the form of an electrical charge. Capacitors
are used to collect and store voltage. A capacitor
collects energy (voltage) as current flows
through an electrical circuit. When the circuit is
switched off, a capacitor retains the energy it
has gathered, though slight leakage usually
occurs.

10. Amplitude
- Amplitude is the maximum field strength of the electric and magnetic fields.

II. What are the differences between AC circuit and DC circuit? Explain.

Starting from the abbreviations, DC means Direct Current while AC means

alternating current. In a DC circuit, the electricity flow in one direction. AC current on
the other hand, is when the direction of the electrical flow changes.

In an AC circuit, the voltage output constantly changes, rising and dropping,

over time. As the voltage in an AC circuit rises, it will continue to rise until it reaches
the peak. After that, it will lower and once it reaches 0, the current will start flowing in
the opposite direction. The difference between the peak and the trough is called a cycle,
while the rate at which cycles repeat is called frequency, measured in hertz. One
example of an AC component is an incandescent bulb, which flashes up to 50 times per
second, but we because it is so fast, we perceive it as constant light.
III. Problem Solving

R1 = 20 Ω R2 = 30 Ω R3 = 40 Ω R4 = 50 Ω

Compute the following:

1. Individual branch currents (I1, I2, I3, I4)
𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
24𝑉
𝐼1 = = 1.2 𝐴
20Ω
24𝑉
𝐼2 = = 0.8 𝐴
30Ω
24𝑉
𝐼3 = = 0.6 𝐴
40Ω
24𝑉
𝐼4 = = 0.48 𝐴
50Ω

2. Total circuit current (IT)

𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4
𝐼𝑇 = 1.2 𝐴 + 0.8 𝐴 + 0.6 𝐴 + 0.48 𝐴
𝐼𝑇 = 3.08 𝐴

3. Total resistance in the circuit

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + + +
𝑹𝑻 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹 𝟑 𝑹𝟒
𝟏
𝑹𝑻 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( 𝟐𝟎𝛀 + 𝟑𝟎𝛀 + 𝟒𝟎𝛀 + )
𝟓𝟎𝛀
𝟏
𝑹𝑻 =
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟑
𝑹𝑻 = 𝟕. 𝟕𝟗 𝛀