SAF102-LECTURE 4A: SAFETY ON LATHE MACHINE

OBJECTIVE
To identify safety guidelines and procedures in the lathe machine.

Safety on Lathe Machine

 Make sure the power is off before cleaning the lathe machine
 Keep cleanliness and orderliness of the workplace
 Make sure that the chuck, drive plate, or faceplate is securely tightened onto the
lathe spindle
 Protect the lathe bed when removing or installing the chuck, drive plate, or
faceplate
 Don’t run the machine faster than the proper cutting speed
 Clamp the tool bit as short as possible to prevent it from breaking or chattering
 Keep the cutting tool set on the left side of the tool post
 Move the tool bit on a safe distance from the collet or chucks when inserting or
removing work
 Remove chuck key from the chuck immediately after using
 File left-handed to prevent your arms touching or scratching on the moving chuck
 Always make sure that the tool bit is sharp and has the proper clearance
 Set the tool bit on the center of your work using the dead or live center
 Stop the machine before taking any measurements
 Do not place measuring instruments on the lathe machine
 Use brush to remove metal chips
 Wear safety goggles
 Keep tools on proper places
 Remove the collet wrench immediately after using
 Make sure that the cutter is rotating in the proper direction

Summary
ü Safety is a must in every machine shop activity
ü Remember to avoid contact on the work piece and cutting tool while on
machining action
SAF102-LECTURE 4B: SAFETY ON DRILL PRESS & PORTABLE PRESS

OBJECTIVE
To identify safety guidelines and procedures on the drill press.

Safety on Drill Press

 Make sure the power is off before changing the drill bit
Drill Press/Drilling Machine
- A metal cutting machine that uses a multiple cutting-edged rotating tool called a
drill bit to remove metal and produce a hole in stock, either to a preset depth or
completely through the stock
Basic Concepts
 The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the work piece, which usually
clamped in a vise resting on a table.
 The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison,or
it may have a tapered shank that fits into a tapered hole in the spindle.
 Means are always provided for varying the spindle speed and on some machines
for automatically feeding the drill into the workplace.
Most Common Machining operations on a drill press:
 Drilling
 Reaming
 Tapping
 Counterboring
 Countersinking
 Spotfacing

Types of Drill Press

 Pillar Drill Press
 The Upright Sensitive Drill Press
o Light-duty type of drilling machine normally belt drive spindle head.
o Generally used for moderate-to-light duty work
o The upright sensitive drill press gets its name due to the fact that the
machine can only be hand fed.
o Hand feeding the tool into the work piece allows the operator to “feel” the
cutting action of the tool.
o The upright sensitive drill press
  Floor Mounted (Pillar Type Drill Press)
 Bench Mounted (Bench Type Drill Press)
Bench Drill
Cutting Tools
 Twist Drill
o used for drilling holes. A normal drill set will include sizes from 1mm to 14mm
 Forstner Bit
o used for larger diameter holes. When using this bit the hole is drilled slowly so
that the bit does not ‘jam’ in the wood.
 Hole Saw
o For large diameters, a ‘hole saw’ can be used. The advantage of this type of
drill is that the blade can be changed to give different sizes of diameter.
Upright Drill Press
 Heavy duty type of drilling machine normally incorporating a geared drive spindle
head.
 Used on a large hole-producing operations that typically involve larger or heavier
parts.
 Allows the operator to hand feed or power feed the tool into the work piece. The
power feed mechanism automatically advances the tool into the work piece.
Some types of upright drill presses are also manufactured with automatic table-
raising mechanisms
Radial Arm Drill Press
 Allows the operator to position the spindle directly over the work piece rather than
move the work piece to the tool.
 The design of the radial drill press gives it a great deal of versatility, especially on
parts too large to position easily.
 Radial drills offer power feed on the spindle, as well as an automatic mechanism
to raise or lower the radial arm.
 The wheel head, which is located on the radial arm, can also be traversed along
the arm, giving the machine added ease of use as well as versatility
 Radial arm drill presses can be equipped with a trunnion table or tilting table.
 This gives the operator the ability to drill intersecting or angular holes in one
setup.
Gang Drill Press
 There are number of types of special purpose drilling machines. The purposes of
these types of drilling machines vary. Special purpose drilling machines include
machines capable of drilling 20 holes at once or drilling holes as small as 0.01 of
an inch.
  Has several work heads positioned over a single table.
 Used when successive operations are to be done. For instance, the first head
may be used to spot drill. The second head may be used to tap drill. The third
head may be used, along with a tapping head, to tap the hole. The fourth head
may be used to chamfer.
Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine
 The multiple spindle drilling machine is commonly referred to as a multi-spindle
drill press. This special purpose drill has many spindles connected to one main
work head. All of the spindles are fed into the workpiece at the same time. This
type of drilling machine is especially useful when you have a large number of
parts wi th many holes located close together.
Micro Drill Press
 An extremely accurate, high spindle speed drill press. The micro drill press is
typically very small and is only capable of handling very small parts. Many micro
drill presses are manufactured as bench top models. They are equipped with
chucks capable of holding very small drilling tools.
Turret Type Drilling Machine
 Turret drilling machines are equipped with several drilling heads mounted on a
turret. Each turret head can be equipped with a different type of cutting tool.
 The turret allows the needed tool to be quickly indexed into position. Modern
turret type drilling machines are computer-controlled so that the table can be
quickly and accurately positioned.
Operating Instruction
1. Select an appropriate drill bit
2. Tighten the bit in the chuck
3. Setting the drill depth
4. Mount the material on the drill press bed, securing the work to the bed so it will
not move during drilling
5. Pull the drill press lever down to lower the drill bit into the stock.
o On a sensitive drill press the operator can “feel” the action of the drill point as
it penetrates the work while he manually controls the feeding of the spindle
into the work.
Hazards
1. Amputations or lacerations from rotating drill bit that can pull the operator’s
gloves, loose-fitting clothing, jewelry or hair into the rotation on the bit.
2. Scalping from long hair entangling with shafting; parts kicking back because a
holding fixture/jig was not used or when fixture springs under load
 3. Eye injury or on other parts of the body from coolant or metal chips from stock
being drilled may be thrown towards operator or others.
4. Hand or foot injuries from falling materials.
5. Electrocution from damage electrical wire.
Safety Precautions
1. Gurad exposed vertical spindles if located at head height where the operator can
reach or get entangled with the rotating part.
2. Guard all power transmission apparatus, especially at the head drive.
3. Secure machine in place, provide larger bases or vibration pads if machine is top
heavy or moves due to vibration where it presents a hazard.
Safety Work Practices
a. Operators must be properly trained and they should not wear loose clothing
such as ties or jewelry which could become entangled.
b. Guards should always be in place and suitable face protection should be worn.
c. The floor space around the machine should be kept free of obstructions and
slippery substances
d. The machine should not be kept running when not in use
e. Provide holding clamps or fixtures to secure the work to the drill press bed
f. Use brushes, chip pullers or other tools to remove chips from table or work; do
not allow removal by unprotected hands
The number of accidents and the circumstances in which they occur show that most can
be avoided by a knowledge of the risks and by adopting safety measures. The simple
safety steps given below will help to prevent most accidents at drilling machines. You
may find them useful as a safety check list.
o Safety glasses must be worn at all times in work areas.
o Appropriate footwear with substantial uppers must be worn.
o Rings and jewelry must not be worn.
o Long and loose hair must be contained.
o Close fitting/protective clothing must be worn.
o Gloves must not be worn when using this machine.
o Check workspace and walkways to ensure no slip-hazards are present
o Check the drill chuck guard is in position.
o Ensure the chuck key (if used) has been removed from the drill chuck.
o Locate and ensure you are familiar with the operation of the on/off starter and e-
stop (if fitted).
o Follow correct clamping procedures to ensure work is secure. If the job obstructs
the walkway, erect a barricade.
o Adjust spindle speed to suit drill or cutter diameter.
o Faulty equipment must not be used. Immediately report suspect equipment.
Safety Operating Procedures
OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
Never leave the Drill Press while it is running. Before making adjustments or before
cleaning swarf accumulations, switch off and bring the machine to a complete standstill.
Feed downwards at a sufficient rate to keep the drill cutting. Feed with care as the drill
breaks through the underside of the work. Use a safety working posture (beware of hair
catching)
HOUSEKEEPING
Switch off the machine.
Leave the machine in a safe, clean, and tidy state.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
Hair/clothing entanglement – rotating spindle/drill
o Eye injuries
Flying swarf/chips
o Sharp edges & burrs

Summary
ü Safety is a must in every machine shop activity.
ü Remember to avoid contact on the work piece and cutting tool while on machining
action.
 SAF102-LECTURE 4C: SAFETY ON MILLING MACHINE

Objective
To identify safety guidelines and procedures on the milling machine.

Safety on Milling Machine

 Work must be clamped securely in a work holding service
 Always use sharp and in good condition cutters
 Make sure the power is off before changing the cutters
 Don’t place anything on the milling machine table such as wrench, hammers, or
measuring instruments
 Remove the collet wrench immediately after using.
 Make sure that the cutter is rotating in the proper direction
 Never run the machine faster than the correct cutting speed
 Make sure that the machine is full stopped before taking any measurements
 Provide a machine guard or shield to prevent chips from hitting yourself and other
people
 Always stay near the machine while on operation
 Do not take too Keavy cut or rapid feed
 Use proper cutting fluid for the material being cut
 Remove cutting tools before cleaning the milling machine
 Remove metal chips on the table using this type of chip rake
 Tack-in your shirt, always wear goggles, wear closed-toe shoes, wear socks,
remove jewelries
Summary
ü Safety is a must in every machine shop activity.
ü Remember to avoid contact on the work piece and cutting tool while on machining
action.