Electrical Measurement Lab Experiment #4

MEASUREMENT OF INDUCTANCE BY HAY’S BRIDGE

4.1 Objective 4.2 Theory 4.3 Procedure 4.4 Apparatus required 4.5 Connection diagram
4.6 Observation table 4.7 Calculations 4.8 Result 4.9 Precautions 4.10 Pre-Requisite Questions
4.11 Post- Requisite Questions

4.1 OBJECTIVE: - Measurement of inductance by Hay’s Bridge.

4.2 THEORY: - AC bridge method has outstanding importance for measurement of electrical
quantities (resistance, inductance & capacitance etc.).
Measurement of inductance, capacitance, storage factor and loss factor are made
accurately by employing AC bridge network. AC bridge is nothing but modification of
wheatstone bridge . AC bridge in its Basic form consist of four ARM source of excitation
and null detector each of four ARM is an impedance arm. The battery and galvanometer of
wheatstone is replaced by ACsource and AC detector. The usefulness of AC bridge is not
restricted to the measurement of unknown impedances and associated parameter like
inductance , capacitor ,storage factor , these factors find other application in
communication system and complex electronic circuit. AC bridge circuit is commonly used
for phase shifting and providing feedback to the oscillator and amplifier. For measurement
at low frequency the line may Act as the source of supply to the bridge circuit. For higher
frequency electronic oscillator are universally used as bridge source supply. These
oscillator have the advantage that the frequency is constant easily adjustable and
determinable with accuracy. The waveform is much closed to sinewave and their power
output is sufficient for most of the bridges. The detector commonly used is CRO,
HeadPhone & digital Null detector.
General Equation for Bridge Balancing :-
Fig. (2) shows a basic AC bridge. The four arms of the bridge are impedance Z1, Z2, Z3 &
Z4. One arm of Hay’s bridge consist of a capacitor in series with a resistor (C 1 & R2) and
another arm consist of an inductor L1 in series with a resistor (L1 & R4). The other two arms
simply contain a resistor each (R1 & R3). The values of R1 and R3 known, R2 and C1 are
both adjustable.
The unknown values are those of L1 and R4.

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Z1Z4 = Z2Z3
(R2+1/jwC1) (R4+jwL1) = R1R3 …….. (1)
On separating real and imaginary part
R4 = w2L1R2C1,
jwC1R3R1= jwL1 +jwR2R4C1 …….. (2)
Substituting R4 in imaginary part equation, we get
L1= R3R1C1 / 1+ (wR2C1)2
Substitute value of L1 in R4
R4 = (wC1)2 R2R3R1/ [1+(wR2C1)2]
Note- Balancing of Hay’s bridge is Frequency -dependent.

4.3 PROCEDURE: - Steps involved are enlist below:-

1. First make the circuit on board by connecting wires between resistors, capacitors as
shown in board.
2. Keep the AC supply at zero magnitude by rotating to knob fully anticlockwise direction.
3. Switch ON the power supply to the board.
4. Give some AC signal with the help of amplitude knob so that the reading in the null
detector (Multimeter) is not over flow.
5. Keep the unknown inductor at any value out of five.
6. Keep C4 at 0.1µF.
7. Now adjust the resistance R2 and pot resistance (R3) so that minimum reading is
obtained in null detector.
8. Switch off the power supply and disconnect all connections made on board without
disturbing resistance R2, R3, R4 and capacitor C4.
9. Measure the resistance R3 and R4 with the help of digital multimeter.
10. Record the observations :

R2 = ………ohms
R3 = ……….ohms
R4 = ……..ohms
C4 = ……..µF
11. Calculate unknown inductance (L1) using following formulas :

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L1= R2R3C4 / 1+ (wR4C4)2

4.4 APPARATUS REQUIRED:-

S. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Quantity

1. Trainer kit - 01

2. Multimeter 01

3. Connecting Wires As required

4.5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

Fig – 1.Hay’s Bridge for measurement of Inductance

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4.6 OBSERVATION TABLE:-

S.No. R2 (ohms) R3 (ohms) R4(ohms) C4(µH) L1=(R2R3C4)/{1+(wC4R4)2

(mH)
1. 200 591 100 0.1 11.37
2. 300 386 100 0.1 11.14
3. 400 306 100 0.1 11.77

4.7 CALCULATIONS:-
1. L1 = 200X591X0.1X10-6 / 1+(2 X 3.14X 1000X 0.1X 10-6X 100)2 = 11.37mH
2. 300X386X0.1X10-6 / 1+(2 X 3.14X 1000X 0.1X 10-6X 100)2 = 11.14mH
3. 400X306X0.1X10-6 / 1+(2 X 3.14X 1000X 0.1X 10-6X 100)2 = 11.77mH

4.8 RESULT: The calculated value of unknown inductance for Hay’s Bridge is ………..

4.9 PRECAUTIONS:-

1. All connections should be tight.

2. All connections must be according to circuit diagram.

3. Be careful while taking the readings.

4.10 PRE-REQUISITE QUESTIONS:-

Q1. Define sensitivity in bridge.

Q2. Differentiate between null type and deflection type measuring instruments.

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4.11 POST- REQUISITE QUESTIONS:-

Q1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Hay’s Bridge?

Q2. Why Hay’s bridge is only suitable for measuring quality factor above 10?

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