ARC 3513, Module No.4.4 Steel Structures, Flexural Steel Members

LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Architecture and Design

Course: ARC 3513 Intermediate Structures
• Module No.4.4: Steel Structures

• Flexural Steel Members
Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

ARC 3513, Module No.4.4: Steel Structures, Flexural Steel
quotation, distribution, or reproduction 1
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Flexural Steel Members / Beams - Introduction
▪ Flexural Steel Members/Beams–
Introduction
• Beams are the most common members
found in a typical steel structure.
• Beams are the structural members that
support transverse loads on them and are
subjected to flexure and shear.
• Structural member is considered to be a
beam if it is loaded so as to cause bending
• Beams are primarily loaded in bending
about a primary axis of the member.
• Beams with axial loads are called beam
columns
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• Commonly used cross-

sectional shapes include
the W-, S-, and M-shapes.
Channel shapes are
sometimes used.
• Doubly symmetric shapes
such as the standard
rolled W-, M-, and S-
shapes are the most
efficient.
Typical beam cross-sections

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Construction workers
eat their lunches atop
a steel beam 800 feet
above ground, at the
building site of the
RCA Building in
Rockefeller Center,
1930’s

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In 2011 , workers
posed for a photo on
the Heron Tower in
central London, 230m
(755ft) above the
ground. They were all
tied with the safety
harnesses of course.
And without whiskeys
unlike those guys back
in the 1932.

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▪ Bending Stress
• If we consider the stress-strain
diagram for a usual ductile structural
steel.
• The yield point Fy is a very important
property of structural steel.
• After an initial yield, a steel element
elongates in the plastic range
without any appreciable change in
stress level. This elongation is a
measure of ductility and serves a
useful purpose in steel design.

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• Consider the beam which is oriented so that bending

is about the major principal axis.
• The stress at any point can be found from the flexure
formula:
- Where M is the bending moment at the cross section

under consideration, and y is the perpendicular
distance.
- where c is the perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber,
and Sx is the elastic section modulus of the cross section
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• Equations are valid as long as the

loads are small enough that the
material remains within its linear
elastic range.
• For structural steel, this means
that the stress f max must not
exceed Fy and that the bending
moment must not exceed
My = (Fy) (Sx )
• Where My is the bending moment
that brings the beam to the point
of yielding.

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• Once yielding begins, the distribution of

stress on the cross section will no longer
be linear, and yielding will progress from
the extreme fiber toward the neutral axis.
• The additional moment required to bring
the beam from stage b to stage d is, on
the average, approximately 12% of the
yield
moment, My, for W-shapes.
• When stage d has been reached, any
further increase in the load will cause
collapse, at this stage all the fibers reach
Fy
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• A plastic hinge is said to have

formed at the center of the beam.
At this moment the beam consider
in an unstable mechanism.
A typical plastic hinge

attaining its plastic moment
without local buckling effect is
shown in Figure a, whereas a
beam subject to local buckling
under bending is shown in
Figure b.
Source: M. Bill Wong, Plastic Analysis and Design of Steel
Structures, Elsevier 2009

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• Structural
analysis
based on a
consideration
of collapse
mechanism is
called plastic
analysis.

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• Summary for Calculating Elastic and Plastic Moment for Symmetrical and
Unsymmetrical Cross Section

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Example:
For the built-up shape, determine (a) the elastic section modulus Sx and the
yield moment My and (b) the plastic section modulus Zx and the plastic
moment Mp, Bending is about the x-axis, and the steel is A572 Grade 50.
Solution
Elastic calculation:
Because of symmetry, the elastic neutral axis is located
at mid-depth of the cross section. The moment of
inertia of the cross section can be found by using the
parallel axis theorem, and the results of the calculations
areDeveloped
summarized inforthe nextARCtable.
by: Faris R. Habba. Not
3513, Module No.4.4: Steel Structures, Flexural Steel
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• Because this shape is symmetrical about the x-axis, this axis divides the cross
section into equal areas and is therefore the plastic neutral axis.
Zx =
Mpx = Fy Zx

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure
▪ Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure

• If a beam can be counted on to remain stable up to the fully plastic condition,
the nominal moment strength can be taken as:
Mn (Nominal Moment Strength) = Mp (Plastic Moment)
• An I shape is a common cross section for a steel beam where the material in
the flanges at the top and bottom is most effective in resisting bending
moment and the web provides for most of the shear resistance.
• If gravity loads are applied to a fairly long, simply supported beam, the
beam will bend downward, and its upper part will be placed in compression
and will act as a compression member. The cross section of this "column"
will consist of the portion of the beam cross section above the neutral axis
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The cross section of this "column" will consist of the

portion of the beam cross section above the neutral axis
• When a beam bend, the compression region is analogous to a column, and in a manner
similar to a column, it will buckle if the member is slender enough. Unlike a column
however, the compression portion of the cross section is restrained by the tension portion,
and the outward deflection (flexural buckling) is accompanied by twisting (torsion).
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• This form of instability is called lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). Lateral

torsional buckling can be prevented by bracing the beam against twisting at
sufficiently close intervals

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If nothing is done to brace it perpendicular to the y axis, it will buckle

laterally at a much smaller load than would otherwise have been required
to produce a vertical failure.
Lb = unbraced
Lb length of the
compression
flange between
lateral support
(distance
between points
of bracing).
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• This can be accomplished with either of two types of stability bracing:

➢Lateral bracing: which prevents lateral translation. Should be applied as
close to the compression flange as possible.
➢Torsional bracing: prevents twist directly.
• The moment strength depends in part on the unbraced length, which is the
distance between points of bracing. Lb Lb Lb

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• Rarely a beam exists with its compression flange entirely free of all restraint.
Even when it does not have a positive connection to a floor or roof system,
there is friction between the beam flange and the element that it supports.
• Figure X shows types of definite lateral support, and Fig. Y illustrates the
importance to examine the entire system, not only the individual beam for
adequate bracing.
Figure Y. As shown on a, beam AB is laterally supported

with a cross beam framing in at midspan, but buckling
Figure X of the entire system is still possible unless the system is
Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for braced as depicted on b.
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• Lateral buckling will not occur if the compression flange of a member is

braced laterally or if twisting of the beam is prevented at frequent intervals.
Examples of discrete lateral bracing of beams Examples of continuous lateral bracing of beams
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• The buckling moments of a series of compact ductile steel beams with

different lateral or torsional bracing situations will be examined:
(A compact section is one that has a sufficiently stocky profile so
that it is capable of developing a fully plastic stress distribution
before buckling)
1. First, the beams will be assumed to have continuous
lateral bracing for their compression flanges.
2. Next, the beams will be assumed to be braced
laterally at short intervals.
3. Finally, the beams will be assumed to be braced
laterally at larger
and larger intervals.
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• A typical curve showing the nominal resisting or buckling moments of one

of these beams with varying unbraced lengths is presented.
Nominal moment as function of unbraced length of compression flange

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• If we have continuous or closely spaced lateral bracing, the beams will

experience extreme yielding of the entire cross section and fall into what is
classified as Zone 1.
• The value of Lp is dependent on the
dimensions of the beam cross
section and on its yield stress.
Most beams fall in Zone 1
ry is radius of gyration about the y axis,

listed in the Appendix C, Tables C.1 through
C.7 Developed
Textbook by: Faris R. Habba. Not for
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• As the distance between lateral bracing is increased further, the beams will
begin to fail inelastically at smaller moments (some, but not all, of the
compression fibers are stressed to Fy) and fall into Zone 2.
• The maximum unbraced
length at which we can still
reach Fy at one point is the end
of the inelastic range. It's shown
as Lr in Figure
rts is special radius of gyration for Lr,

listed in Appendix C, Tables C.1
through C.7 Textbook
quotation, distribution, or reproduction
28
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• Finally, with even larger unbraced lengths, the beams will fail elastically
(the section will buckle elastically before the yield stress is reached
anywhere) and fall into Zone 3.

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▪ Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape
Flange local buckling and web local buckling are localized failure modes and
are only of concern with shapes that have noncompact webs or flanges.
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• Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape- Zone 1 (Plastic Behavior)

“Fully Plastic Zone With Adequate Lateral Support”
• When the lateral support is continuous or closely spaced so that the
unbraced (unsupported) length of a beam, Lb, is less than or equal to Lp the
beam can be loaded to reach the plastic moment capacity throughout the
section. The limit state in this case is the yield strength given as follows:
ØbMn = Øb Fy Zx
• The lateral torsional buckling does not apply in this zone.
• Beams will probably be selected that provide sufficient design moment
capacities (ØbMn = Øb Fy Z) and then checked to see if any of the other items
are critical (shears, deflections, crippling, lateral bracing for the compression
flanges, fatigue, and others).
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• AISC Manual, Part 3, Table 3-2, entitled "W Shapes Selection by Zx“. From
this table, steel shapes having sufficient plastic moduli ( Zx ) to resist
certain moments can quickly be selected.
• Two important items should be remembered in selecting shapes:
1. select the lightest possible shape having the required plastic modulus
(assuming that the resulting section is one that will reasonably fit into the
structure).
Normally, the deeper sections will have the lightest weights giving the
required plastic moduli.
2. The plastic moduli values in the table are given about the horizontal axes
for beams ( Zx ) in their upright positions; a W shape turned on its side
may be only from 10 to 30 percent as strong as one in the upright
position when subjected to gravity loads.
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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Example 1
Example 1 Lb =
Is the compact and laterally braced (fully laterally braced) section shown sufficiently strong
to support the given loads if Fy = 50 ksi?
Zx = 95.4 in3 (Table C.1b

P/524 Textbook)
OR simply use Table 3-2 AISC

Search Table 3-2 for W21x44, and Find
ØbMpx = 358 ft-k > Mu = 333.5 ft-k OK
Section sufficiently strong.
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Example 2
Select a beam section for the span and loading
Lb =
shown, assuming full lateral support is provided
for the compression flange by the floor slab.
Use A992 steel.
See Appendix A-3 P/449

Case 4 + Case 1

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure –Example 2
With beam weight: Beam wt = 62 lb/ft

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Example 3
The 5-in reinforced-concrete slab shown is to be supported with a steel W section 8 ft 0 in
on center. The beams, which span 20 ft, are assumed to be simply supported. If concrete
slab is designed to support a live load of 100 psf, determined the lightest steel section
required to support the slab. It is assumed that the compression flange of the beam will be
fully supported laterally by the concrete slab. The concrete weight 150 pcf. Use A992 steel.

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Flexural Steel Members /Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Example 3
ft-k
compression flange of the beam will be fully supported laterally by the concrete slab.
Therefore: Lb =0 (Zone 1). Capacity of the beam “supply” = Øb Mpx”
Set Mu = 94 ft-k = Øb Mpx
Enter Table 3-2 with Mu = 94 ft-k = Øb Mpx, select W10x22 Øb Mpx =97.5 ft-k > Mu = 94 ft-k
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Enter Table 3-2 with Mu = 94 ft-k = Øb Mpx, select W10x22.

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• Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape- Zone 2 “Inelastic Lateral

Torsional Buckling Zone”
• If intermittent lateral bracing is supplied for the compression flange of a
beam section, or if intermittent torsional bracing is supplied to prevent
twisting of the cross section at the bracing points such that the member can
be bent until the yield strain is reached in some (but not all) of its
compression elements before lateral buckling occurs, we have inelastic
buckling.

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• Cb (lateral-torsional buckling modification factor) is a moment coefficient

that is included in the formulas to account for the effect of different moment
gradients on lateral-torsional buckling. In other words, lateral buckling may
be appreciably affected by the end restraint and loading conditions of the
member.

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• Cb is equal to 1.0 for cantilevers or overhangs where the free end is unbraced.
Some typical values of Cb calculated with the AISC Equation F1-1 are shown
in Figure for various beam and moment situations.
Sample Cb values
for doubly
symmetric
members. (The X
marks represent
points of lateral
bracing of the
compression
flange.)
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Example 4
Determine the design moment capacity of a W24 X 62 with Fy = 50 ksi, Lb = 8.0 ft, and
Cb =1.0.

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• Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape- Zone 3 (Elastic Buckling)

“Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling Zone”

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Flexural Steel Members / Noncompact and Compact Slender Beam Sections for Flexure
▪ Noncompact and Compact Slender Beam Sections for Flexure

• If the flange and the web of a section are relatively thin, they might get
buckled, even before lateral torsional buckling due to unsupported length of
the span happens. This mode of failure is called flange local buckling or web
local buckling.
Example of
Flange Local
Buckling.
Photo courtesy of
Donald W. White.
Source:
Geschwinder, L.
F., Unified Design
of Steel
Structures, 2nd
ed., Wiley, 2012
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• Different types of buckling depending on

- b/t (width/thickness) ratio
- Webs and flanges have different limits
- End conditions for plate segments

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Web buckling
Vertical web buckling
Stiffeners are Important

June 1970, Milford Haven bridge
over the River Cleddau in the UK
Bearing plate and web stiffeners

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• Classification of Beams
• AlSC classifies cross-sectional shapes as compact, noncompact, or slender,
depending on the values of the width-thickness ratios.
• A compact section is a section that has a sufficiently stocky profile so that it is
capable of developing a fully plastic stress distribution before buckling locally (web
or flange).
• A noncompact section is one for which the yield stress can be reached in some,
but not all, of its compression elements before buckling occurs. It is not capable of
reaching a full plastic stress distribution.
• The classification of shapes is found in Section B4 of the Specification, “Member
Properties,” and Table B4.1b (AISCM P/16.1-18 and 19). “See Table 11.1 and 11.2
Textbook which is limited to some structural shapes”
• The classification of a beam is necessary since the design strength of the beam is
a function of its classification
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Flexural Steel Members /Noncompact and Compact Slender Beam Sections for Flexure
• Compact, Non-Compact, and

Slender
• Slender sections cannot
develop Mp due to elastic local
buckling.
• Non-compact sections can
develop My but not Mp before
local buckling occurs.
• Only compact sections can
develop the plastic moment
Mp. Applies to major and minor
axis bending

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• The category is based on the worst width-thickness ratio of the cross

section. For example, if the web is compact and the flange is noncompact,
the shape is classified as noncompact

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• There are a few noncompact shapes that are available, but there are no
standard shapes that are considered slender.
• Furthermore, all of the available sections in the AISC Manual have compact
webs, so this limit state does not have to be considered
• Built-up plate girders can have slender flanges and webs.
• The following list indicates the available sections that have noncompact
flanges for Fy = 50 ksi (also noted with a footnote f in the AlSC Manual).
M4 X 6, W6 X 8.5, W6 X 9, W6 XI5, W8 X 10, W8 X 31, WI0 X 12, W12 X 65,
W14 X 90, W14 X 99, and W21 X 48.
Note: In Table C.1a Textbook noted with a footnote b

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Design Charts
▪ Design Charts
• Fortunately, the values of, Øb Mn for sections normally used as beams have
been computed by the AISC, plotted for a wide range of unbraced lengths,
and shown as Table 3-10 in the AISC Manual.
• The values provided cover unbraced lengths in the plastic range, in the
inelastic range, and on into the elastic buckling range (Zones 1-3). They are
plotted for Fy = 50 ksi and Cb = 1.0.
• The LRFD curve for a typical W section is shown in Figure. For each of the
shapes, Lp is indicated with a solid circle (●), while Lr is shown with a
hollow circle (o)
• The charts were developed without regard to such things as shear,
deflection, etc. They cover almost all of the unbraced lengths encountered
in practice.
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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Design Charts
• To select a member, it is necessary to enter the chart only with the unbraced
length Lb and the factored design moment Mu .
• Any section to the right and above this intersection point ( ) will have a
greater unbraced length and a greater design moment capacity.
• See Table C.9 Textbook, showing sample

page of Table 3-10 AISC Manual.

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Design Charts, Example 5
Example 5
Using A992 steel, select the lightest available section for the beam shown, which has lateral
bracing provided for its compression flange, only at its ends. Assume Cb = 1.0
Lb =

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Flexural Steel Members /Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Design Charts, Example 5

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Flexural Steel Members /Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure – Design Charts, Example 5

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure , Example 11.1 Textbook (modified)
Example 11.1 Textbook (modified)

A floor system is supported by steel beams, as shown in Figure. The live load is 100 psf.
Select the lightest W shape of A992 steel. The section is to have full lateral bracing for its
compression flange. Assume estimated weight of beam per foot equal to 30 lb/ft.

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Flexural Steel Members / Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure , Example 11.1 Textbook (modified)
Note: when beam is in Zone 1

Use table 3-2 AISCM
Table 3-2 AISCM:

W16x31 (The most economical)

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Flexural Steel Members / Shear Strength of Steel beams
▪ Shear Strength of Steel beams

• The design relationship for shear strength is
where
Vu is factored shear force applied (from the shear diagram)
Øv is resistance factor for shear (Øv = 1.0 or 0.9 “the values of the resistance factor will
depend on the web width-to-thickness ratio”)
Vn is nominal shear strength

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Flexural Steel Members / Shear Strength of Steel beams
• Different expressions are given for different ( h/tw ) ratios, depending on

whether shear failures would be plastic, inelastic, or elastic.
Relationship
between shear
strength (Vn)
and the web
width-to-
thickness ratio
(h/tw)
Note: The values of Øv Vn with Fy = 50 ksi are given for W shapes in the
AISC Manual Table 3-2.
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Flexural Steel Members / Shear Strength of Steel beams , Example 11.4 Textbook
Example 11.4 Textbook

Check the beam adequacy of
Example 11.1
Vu ≤ Øv Vn
For W16x31,
AISC Manual Table 3-2
Øv Vn = 131 k > Vu = 31.7 k OK
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Flexural Steel Members / Shear Strength of Steel beams, Example 6
Example 6
Determine the design shear strength
( Øv Vn ) of the following W-shapes,
using A992 steel (Fy = 50 ksi).
Use Table 3-2 AISCM.
W16 x 26
Øv Vn =

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Flexural Steel Members /Shear Strength of Steel beams, Example 6
W18 x 50
Øv Vn =

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Flexural Steel Members / Beams Deflection Limitations
▪ Beams Deflection Limitations

• In addition to designing for bending and shear, beams also need to be
checked for serviceability.
• There are two main serviceability requirements: deflection and floor
vibrations.
• For beams, deflections must be limited such that the occupants of the
structure perceive that the structure is safe.
• Excessive deflections will often lead to vibration problems.
• Basic deflection limits are found in Section 1604 of the International Building
Code (lBC) and are summarized in Table below. Note that only service level
loads are used for serviceability considerations (for deflection calculation
use service loads “unfactored loads”)
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• Deflection Limits from IBC
• The deflection limits in the above Table do not consider the effects of
ponding.
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Flexural Steel Members /Beams Deflection Limitations
• In some cases, a beam can be cambered upward to counteract the dead

load such that the beam will be in a somewhat flat position prior to the
application of live or other loads.
• What is the purpose of a camber beam?
Ans: To compensate for deflections
Good source: Beam Cambering Methods and Costs, By Erin Criste, STRUCTURE magazine April 2009 P/25

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Flexural Steel Members Beams Deflection Limitations
• When designing members that support cranes, the vertical deflection limit
varies from L/600 for light cranes to L/1000 for heavy cranes, where the
applied load is the crane lifting capacity.
• For lateral loads on cranes, the deflection limit is L/400, where the lateral
load is taken as 20% of the crane lifting capacity.
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Flexural Steel Members / Beams Deflection Limitations, Example 7
Example 7
See Table A.3

Textbook
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• On page 3-9 in the AISC Manual, the following simple formula for
determining maximum beam deflection for W, M, HP, and MC section for
deferent loading conditions is presented:
• In this expression, M is the maximum service load moment in ft-k, and it

can be based on the 4 different loading conditions from Figure 3-2
AISC Manual; C1 is a constant whose value can be determined from
Figure 3-2 AISC Manual Page 3-9; L is the span length (ft); and Ix is the
moment of inertia (in4).
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M is the maximum service load moment in ft-k

C1 is a constant
L is the span length (ft); and
Ix is the moment of inertia (in4)
Fig. 3-2 AISC (P/3-9)

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• If we want to use this expression, for the beam of Example 7,
C1 from part (a) of Figure 3-2 would be 161.
The center line bending moment would be WL2/8 = (3)(21)2/8 = 165.375 ft-k,
and the center line deflection for the live service load would be:

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Flexural Steel Members /Beams Deflection Limitations
• Deflections may very well control the sizes of beams for longer spans, or
for short ones where deflection limitations are severe.
• To assist the designer in selecting sections where deflections may
control, the AISC Manual includes a set of Tables numbered 3-3 and
entitled "W-shapes Selection by lx " in which the Ix values are given in
numerically descending order for the sections normally used as beams.
• In this table, the sections are arranged in groups, with the lightest
section in each group printed in roman type.

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Example 8
Using the LRFD methods, select the lightest available section with Fy = 50 ksi
to support a service dead load of 1.2 k/ft and a service live load of 3 k/ft for a
30-ft simple span. The section is to have full lateral bracing for its compression
Flange (Lb = ), and the maximum total service load deflection is not to exceed
1/1500 the span length.

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Flexural Steel Members /Beams Deflection Limitations, Example 8

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Example 9
Select the lightest W shape of A992 steel for uniform service dead load and the concentrate
service live load shown in Figure. The dead load includes the beam self-weight. The beam
has lateral support for its compression flange at the ends and at the concentrated load.(Lb= )
The maximum service live load deflection may not exceed 1/1000 of the span. Consider
moment, shear and deflection.
Live Load
Dead Load

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Service load

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NOTE: Remember for deflection calculation USE SERVICE LOADS

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Example 10
The accompanying figure shows the
arrangement of beams and girders that
are used to support a 5 in reinforced
concrete floor for a small industrial
building. Design the most economical
beams and girders using A992 steel
considering moment only. Assume that the beams and the girders are simply
supported and the slab provide full lateral support for the compression flange
(Lb = ). Live load is 80 psf. Concrete weight is 150 lb/ft3.

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Beam Design

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Girder Design

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ARC 3513, Module No.4.4 Steel Structures, Flexural Steel Members

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ARC 3513, Module No.4.4 Steel Structures, Flexural Steel Members

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LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Architecture and Design

• Module No.4.4: Steel Structures

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

• Commonly used cross-

Typical beam cross-sections

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

• Consider the beam which is oriented so that bending

- Where M is the bending moment at the cross section

• Equations are valid as long as the

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

• Once yielding begins, the distribution of

• A plastic hinge is said to have

A typical plastic hinge

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

▪ Nominal Strength of Steel Beam in Flexure

The cross section of this "column" will consist of the

• This form of instability is called lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). Lateral

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

If nothing is done to brace it perpendicular to the y axis, it will buckle

• This can be accomplished with either of two types of stability bracing:

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Figure Y. As shown on a, beam AB is laterally supported

• Lateral buckling will not occur if the compression flange of a member is

• The buckling moments of a series of compact ductile steel beams with

• A typical curve showing the nominal resisting or buckling moments of one

Nominal moment as function of unbraced length of compression flange

• If we have continuous or closely spaced lateral bracing, the beams will

ry is radius of gyration about the y axis,

rts is special radius of gyration for Lr,

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

▪ Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape

• Design Strength in Bending for Compact Shape- Zone 1 (Plastic Behavior)

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Zx = 95.4 in3 (Table C.1b

OR simply use Table 3-2 AISC

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

See Appendix A-3 P/449

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With beam weight: Beam wt = 62 lb/ft

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Developed by: Faris R. Habba. Not for

Enter Table 3-2 with Mu = 94 ft-k = Øb Mpx, select W10x22.