BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY- MAIN CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES

FLOATATION AND BUOYANCY

HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to
𝑘𝑁
float in water with a draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3 .

1. How much lead is required if it is to be placed inside the tank?

A. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 12.3 𝑘𝑁
2. How much lead is required if it is to be attached at outside bottom of the
tank?
A. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 C. 12.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 11.8 𝑘𝑁
3. In part 2, how much additional weight of lead is required to make the cylinder
fully submerged in water?
A. 2.78 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.54 𝑘𝑁 C. 4.65 𝑘𝑁 D. 9.43 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in
𝑘𝑁
water with a draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3.
1. How much lead is required if it is to be placed inside the tank?
A. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 12.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑉𝐷 = 9.81 3 𝜋 × 1 𝑚 2 × 1.7 𝑚 = 13.098 𝑘𝑁
𝑚
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐶 − 𝑊𝐶 − 𝑊𝐿 = 0
13.098 − 1.9 − 𝑊𝐿 = 0
𝑊𝐿 = 11.198 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in
𝑘𝑁
water with a draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3.
1. How much lead is required if it is to be placed inside the tank?
A. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 12.3 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁 𝜋
𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑉𝐷 = 9.81 3 × 1 𝑚 2 × 1.7 𝑚 = 13.098 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 4
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐶 − 𝑊𝐶 − 𝑊𝐿 = 0
13.098 − 1.9 − 𝑊𝐿 = 0
𝑊𝐿 = 11.198 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in
𝑘𝑁
water with a draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3.
2. How much lead is required if it is to be attached at outside bottom of the tank?
A. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 C. 12.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 11.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 13.098 𝑘𝑁; 𝑊𝐿 = 110 × 𝑉𝐿 ; 𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝐿
𝑚3
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐶 − 𝑊𝐶 − 𝑊𝐿 + 𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 0
13.098 − 1.9 − 110𝑉𝐿 + 9.81𝑉𝐿 = 0
𝑉𝐿 = 0.112 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 110 3 × 𝑉𝐿 = 110 3 × 0.112 𝑚3 = 12.295 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in
𝑘𝑁
water with a draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3.
2. How much lead is required if it is to be attached at outside bottom of the tank?
A. 10.3 𝑘𝑁 B. 11.2 𝑘𝑁 C. 12.3 𝑘𝑁 D. 11.8 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 13.098 𝑘𝑁; 𝑊𝐿 = 110 × 𝑉𝐿 ; 𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝐿
𝑚3
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐶 − 𝑊𝐶 − 𝑊𝐿 + 𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 0
13.098 − 1.9 − 110𝑉𝐿 + 9.81𝑉𝐿 = 0
𝑉𝐿 = 0.112 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 110 3 × 𝑉𝐿 = 110 3 × 0.112 𝑚3 = 12.295 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in water with a
𝑘𝑁
draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3 .
3. In part 2, how much additional weight of lead is required to make the cylinder fully submerged in
water?
A. 2.78 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.54 𝑘𝑁 C. 4.65 𝑘𝑁 D. 9.43 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁 𝜋 2
𝐵𝐹𝐶 = 𝛾𝑤 𝑉𝐷 = 9.81 × 1𝑚 × 2 𝑚 = 15.41 𝑘𝑁
𝑚3 4
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐶 − 𝑊𝐶 − 𝑊𝐿 + 𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 0
15.41 − 1.9 − 110𝑉𝐿 + 9.81𝑉𝐿 = 0
𝑉𝐿 = 0.135 𝑚3
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in water with a
𝑘𝑁
draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3 .
3. In part 2, how much additional weight of lead is required to make the cylinder fully submerged in
water?
A. 2.78 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.54 𝑘𝑁 C. 4.65 𝑘𝑁 D. 9.43 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐿 = 0.135 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 110 3 × 𝑉𝐿 = 110 3 × 0.135 𝑚3
𝑚 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = 14.832 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 14.832 − 12.295

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2.538 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM NOVEMBER 2011

A cylindrical tank 1 𝑚 in diameter and 2 𝑚 high weighs 1900 𝑁. The tank is to float in water with a
𝑘𝑁
draft of 1.7 𝑚. Unit weight of lead is 110 𝑚3 .
3. In part 2, how much additional weight of lead is required to make the cylinder fully submerged in
water?
A. 2.78 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.54 𝑘𝑁 C. 4.65 𝑘𝑁 D. 9.43 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐿 = 0.135 𝑚3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐿 = 110 3 × 𝑉𝐿 = 110 3 × 0.135 𝑚3
𝑚 𝑚
𝑊𝐿 = 14.832 𝑘𝑁

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 14.832 − 12.295

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2.538 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a
specific gravity of 13.6.
4. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is above the mercury surface?
A. 55.15% B. 44.85% C. 48.32% D. 51.68%
5. If the volume of the metal below the mercury surface is 0.018 𝑚3 , what is the
total weight of the metal?
A. 2.6 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.4 𝑘𝑁 D. 2.2 𝑘𝑁
6. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in mercury?
A. 1.953 𝑘𝑁 B. 1.543 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.138 𝑘𝑁 D. 1.674 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific gravity of
13.6.
4. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is above the mercury surface?
A. 55.15% B. 44.85% C. 48.32% D. 51.68%
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 = 0
𝐵𝐹𝑀 = 𝑊𝑆
𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 = 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 9.81 7.5 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = =
𝛾𝑀 9.81 13.6
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐸 = 1 − 𝑉𝐷 = 1 − 0.5515 = 0.4485
𝑉𝐸 = 44.85%
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific gravity of
13.6.
4. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is above the mercury surface?
A. 55.15% B. 44.85% C. 48.32% D. 51.68%
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 = 0
𝐵𝐹𝑀 = 𝑊𝑆
𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 = 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 9.81 7.5 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = =
𝛾𝑀 9.81 13.6
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐸 = 1 − 𝑉𝐷 = 1 − 0.5515 = 0.4485
𝑉𝐸 = 44.85%
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific
gravity of 13.6.
5. If the volume of the metal below the mercury surface is 0.018 𝑚3 , what is the total
weight of the metal?
A. 2.6 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.4 𝑘𝑁 D. 2.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 0.018
𝑉𝐷 = 0.03264 𝑚3

𝑊 = 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝐷
𝑊 = 9.81 × 7.5 0.03264
𝑊 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific
gravity of 13.6.
5. If the volume of the metal below the mercury surface is 0.018 𝑚3 , what is the total
weight of the metal?
A. 2.6 𝑘𝑁 B. 2.8 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.4 𝑘𝑁 D. 2.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = 0.5515 0.018
𝑉𝐷 = 0.03264 𝑚3

𝑊 = 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝐷
𝑊 = 9.81 × 7.5 0.03264
𝑊 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific
gravity of 13.6.
6. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in mercury?
A. 1.953 𝑘𝑁 B. 1.543 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.138 𝑘𝑁 D. 1.674 𝑘𝑁
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 − 𝐹 = 0
𝐹 = 𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆
𝐹 = 𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 − 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐹 = 9.81 × 13.6 0.03264 − 9.81 × 7.5 0.03264
𝐹 = 1.953 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A piece of metal having a specific gravity of 7.5 is floating in mercury having a specific
gravity of 13.6.
6. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in mercury?
A. 1.953 𝑘𝑁 B. 1.543 𝑘𝑁 C. 2.138 𝑘𝑁 D. 1.674 𝑘𝑁
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 − 𝐹 = 0
𝐹 = 𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆
𝐹 = 𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 − 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐹 = 9.81 × 13.6 0.03264 − 9.81 × 7.5 0.03264
𝐹 = 1.953 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a
specific gravity of 0.8.
7. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is below the liquid surface?
A. 75.0% B. 50.0% C. 25.0% D. 85.0%
8. If the volume of the metal above the mercury surface is 0.032 𝑚3 , what is the
total weight of the metal?
A. 704.5 𝑁 B. 936.6 𝑁 C. 753.4 𝑁 D. 824.5 𝑁
9. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in the liquid?
A. 325.7 𝑁 B. 251.14 𝑁 C. 214.9 𝑁 D. 298.7 𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.8.
7. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is below the liquid surface?
A. 75.0% B. 50.0% C. 25.0% D. 85.0%
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐿 − 𝑊𝑊 = 0
𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 𝑊𝑊
𝛾𝐿 𝑉𝐷 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝑊
𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝑊 9.81 0.6 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = =
𝛾𝑀 9.81 0.8
𝑉𝐷 = 0.75 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = 75%
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.8.
7. What fraction of the total volume of the metal is below the liquid surface?
A. 75.0% B. 50.0% C. 25.0% D. 85.0%
෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝐿 − 𝑊𝑊 = 0
𝐵𝐹𝐿 = 𝑊𝑊
𝛾𝐿 𝑉𝐷 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝑊
𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝑊 9.81 0.6 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = =
𝛾𝑀 9.81 0.8
𝑉𝐷 = 0.75 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝐷 = 75%
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.8.
8. If the volume of the metal above the mercury surface is 0.032 𝑚3 , what is the total weight of the
object?
A. 704.5 𝑁 B. 936.6 𝑁 C. 753.4 𝑁 D. 824.5 𝑁
𝑉𝐸 = 𝑉 − 𝑉𝐷
𝑉𝐸 = 𝑉 − 0.75𝑉
𝑉𝐷 = 0. 128 𝑚3

𝑊 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝐷
𝑊 = 9.81 × 0.6 0.128
𝑊 = 753.41 𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific gravity of 0.8.
8. If the volume of the metal above the mercury surface is 0.032 𝑚3 , what is the total weight of the
object?
A. 704.5 𝑁 B. 936.6 𝑁 C. 753.4 𝑁 D. 824.5 𝑁
𝑉𝐸 = 𝑉 − 𝑉𝐷
𝑉𝐸 = 𝑉 − 0.75𝑉
𝑉𝐷 = 0. 128 𝑚3

𝑊 = 𝛾𝑊 𝑉𝐷
𝑊 = 9.81 × 0.6 0.128
𝑊 = 753.41 𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific
gravity of 0.8.
9. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in the liquid?
A. 325.7 𝑁 B. 251.14 𝑁 C. 214.9 𝑁 D. 298.7 𝑁

෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 − 𝐹 = 0
𝐹 = 𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆
𝐹 = 𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 − 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐹 = 9.81 × 0.8 0.128 − 9.81 × 0.6 0.128
𝐹 = 251.14 𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 3: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2013

A piece of wood having a specific gravity of 0.6 is floating in a liquid having a specific
gravity of 0.8.
9. What vertical force will keep the metal fully submerged in the liquid?
A. 325.7 𝑁 B. 251.14 𝑁 C. 214.9 𝑁 D. 298.7 𝑁

෍ 𝐹𝑣 = 0 ↑ +

𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆 − 𝐹 = 0
𝐹 = 𝐵𝐹𝑀 − 𝑊𝑆
𝐹 = 𝛾𝑀 𝑉𝐷 − 𝛾𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐹 = 9.81 × 0.8 0.128 − 9.81 × 0.6 0.128
𝐹 = 251.14 𝑁