BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY- MAIN CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

FLUID PROPERTIES
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES
FLUID FLOW

HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride having a volume of 378 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 has a mass of
600 𝑘𝑔. Determine the following:

1. The weight of Carbon Tetrachloride.

A. 5.32 𝑘𝑁 B. 5.88 𝑘𝑁 C. 5.58 𝑘𝑁 D. 6.12 𝑘𝑁
2. The unit weight of Carbon Tetrachloride.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
A. 16.32 𝑚3 B. 15.57 𝑚3 C. 13.89 𝑚3 D. 18.43 𝑚3
3. The specific gravity of Carbon Tetrachloride.
A. 1.518 B. 1.462 C. 1.587 D. 1.623
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride having a volume of 378 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 has a mass of
600 𝑘𝑔. Determine the following:
1. The weight of Carbon Tetrachloride.
A. 5.32 𝑘𝑁 B. 5.88 𝑘𝑁 C. 5.58 𝑘𝑁 D. 6.12 𝑘𝑁

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 = 600 × 9.81
𝑊 = 5.88 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride having a volume of 378 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 has a mass of
600 𝑘𝑔. Determine the following:
2. The unit weight of Carbon Tetrachloride.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
A. 16.32 𝑚3 B. 15.57 𝑚3 C. 13.89 𝑚3 D. 18.43 𝑚3

𝑚 𝑊
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔 = 𝑔=
𝑣 𝑣
5.884 𝑘𝑁
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝛾 = = 15.57 3
0.378 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 1: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

Liquid Carbon Tetrachloride having a volume of 378 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 has a mass of
600 𝑘𝑔. Determine the following:
3. The specific gravity of Carbon Tetrachloride.
A. 1.518 B. 1.462 C. 1.587 D. 1.623

𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝐺 =
𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
15.57
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝐺 =
9.81
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆𝐺 = 1.587
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A 2.8 − 𝑚 square plate is immersed in water in a vertical position such that thwe
two edges of the square are horizontal. The immersion is such that the center
of pressure on the plate is 8 𝑐𝑚 from its center of gravity.

1. Determine the distance from the water surface to the top of the gate.
A. 6.33 𝑚 B. 6.77 𝑚 C. 7.33 𝑚 D. 7.77 𝑚
2. Determine the distance from the water surface to the center of pressure.
A. 9.21 𝑚 B. 8.25 𝑚 C. 8.67 𝑚 D. 7.67 𝑚
3. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on one side of the gate.
A. 628.1 𝑘𝑁 B. 668.4 𝑘𝑁 C. 583.2 𝑘𝑁 D. 721.9 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A 2.8 − 𝑚 square plate is immersed in water in a vertical position such that thwe two
edges of the square are horizontal. The immersion is such that the center of pressure on
the plate is 8 𝑐𝑚 from its center of gravity.
1. Determine the distance from the water surface to the top of the gate.
A. 6.33 𝑚 B. 6.77 𝑚 C. 7.33 𝑚 D. 7.77 𝑚
2.8×2.83
𝐼 12
𝑒 = 𝐴𝑌ത ; 0.08 = 2.82 𝑌ത

𝑌ത = 8.167

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 8.167 − 1.4 = 6.767 𝑚

 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A 2.8 − 𝑚 square plate is immersed in water in a vertical position such that thwe two
edges of the square are horizontal. The immersion is such that the center of pressure on
the plate is 8 𝑐𝑚 from its center of gravity.
2. Determine the distance from the water surface to the center of pressure.
A. 9.21 𝑚 B. 8.25 𝑚 C. 8.67 𝑚 D. 7.67 𝑚

𝑦𝑝 = 8.167 + 0.08
𝑦𝑝 = 8.247 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM MAY 2012

A 2.8 − 𝑚 square plate is immersed in water in a vertical position such that thwe two
edges of the square are horizontal. The immersion is such that the center of pressure on
the plate is 8 𝑐𝑚 from its center of gravity.
3. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on one side of the gate.
A. 628.1 𝑘𝑁 B. 668.4 𝑘𝑁 C. 583.2 𝑘𝑁 D. 721.9 𝑘𝑁

ത = 9.81 × 8.167 × 2.82

𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ𝐴
𝐹 = 628.1 𝑘𝑁
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM DECEMBER 2014

A vertical triangular plate with base horizontal and 3.6 𝑚 high is submerged in
water. The distance between the center of gravity and center of pressure is
20 𝑐𝑚.

1. How deep is the water from the tip of the triangle?

A. 1.0 𝑚 B. 1.2 𝑚 C. 1.1 𝑚 D. 1.3 𝑚
2. If the total force acting on one side of the triangle is 79.46 𝑘𝑁, find the base
width of the triangle.
A. 1.75 𝑚 B. 1.00 𝑚 C. 1.50 𝑚 D. 1.25 𝑚
3. Find the depth of water to the center of pressure.
A. 3.7 𝑚 B. 3.5 𝑚 C. 3.8 𝑚 D. 3.4 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM DECEMBER 2014

A vertical triangular plate with base horizontal and 3.6 𝑚 high is submerged in water. The
distance between the center of gravity and center of pressure is 20 𝑐𝑚.
1. How deep is the water from the tip of the triangle?
A. 1.0 𝑚 B. 1.2 𝑚 C. 1.1 𝑚 D. 1.3 𝑚
𝐼
𝑒 = 𝐴𝑌ത ; 𝑌ത = ℎത
𝐵 × 3.63
0.20 = 36
1
× 𝐵 × 3.6 𝑌ത
2
𝑌ത = ℎത = 3.6 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM DECEMBER 2014

A vertical triangular plate with base horizontal and 3.6 𝑚 high is submerged in water. The
distance between the center of gravity and center of pressure is 20 𝑐𝑚.
1. How deep is the water from the tip of the triangle?
A. 1.0 𝑚 B. 1.2 𝑚 C. 1.1 𝑚 D. 1.3 𝑚
𝑌ത = ℎത = 3.6 𝑚

𝑦 = 1.2 + ℎത − 3.6
𝑦 = 1.2 + 3.6 − 3.6
𝑦 = 1.2 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM DECEMBER 2014

A vertical triangular plate with base horizontal and 3.6 𝑚 high is submerged in water. The
distance between the center of gravity and center of pressure is 20 𝑐𝑚.
2. If the total force acting on one side of the triangle is
79.46 𝑘𝑁, find the base width of the triangle.
A. 1.75 𝑚 B. 1.00 𝑚 C. 1.50 𝑚 D. 1.25 𝑚
ത
𝐹 = 𝛾ℎ𝐴
1
79.46 = 9.81 3.6 𝐵 3.6
2
𝐵 = 1.25 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

SITUATION 2: CE BOARD EXAM DECEMBER 2014

A vertical triangular plate with base horizontal and 3.6 𝑚 high is submerged in water. The
distance between the center of gravity and center of pressure is 20 𝑐𝑚.
3. Find the depth of water to the center of pressure.
A. 3.7 𝑚 B. 3.5 𝑚 C. 3.8 𝑚 D. 3.4 𝑚

𝛾𝑝 = 𝛾 + 𝑒 = 3.6 + 0.2
𝛾𝑝 = 3.8 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

𝑘𝑁
10. An open tank contains 5.0 𝑚 of water covered with 2 𝑚 of oil 𝛾 = 8.0 𝑚3
.
Find the gage pressure at the interface between the liquids.
A. 65.1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 72.1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 16.0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D. 85 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

𝑘𝑁
10. An open tank contains 5.0 𝑚 of water covered with 2 𝑚 of oil 𝛾 = 8.0 𝑚3
.
Find the gage pressure at the interface between the liquids.
A. 65.1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 72.1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 16.0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D. 85 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃 = 𝛾𝐻
𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 8.0 3 2.0 𝑚
𝑚
𝑃 = 16.0 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

11. A stone weighs 650 𝑁 in air and 275 𝑁 in water. Compute its specific gravity.
A. 1.73 B. 2.45 C. 3.46 D. 0.865
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

11. A stone weighs 650 𝑁 in air and 275 𝑁 in water. Compute its specific gravity.
A. 1.73 B. 2.45 C. 3.46 D. 0.865

𝜌𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑆𝐺 = =
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 = 𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝑊𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 650 𝑁 − 275𝑁 = 375 𝑁
𝑚 𝑊
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔 = 𝑔=
𝑣 𝑣
𝑘𝑁 375
9.81 3 1000 =
𝑚 𝑣𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑣𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 0.038 𝑚3
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

11. A stone weighs 650 𝑁 in air and 275 𝑁 in water. Compute its specific gravity.
A. 1.73 B. 2.45 C. 3.46 D. 0.865

𝜌𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑆𝐺 = =
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑊 650 𝑁
𝑚 𝑔 9.81 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = = = = 1743.656 3
𝑣 𝑣 0.038 𝑚3 𝑚

𝜌𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 1743.656
𝑆𝐺 = = = 1.743
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 1000
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

11. A stone weighs 650 𝑁 in air and 275 𝑁 in water. Compute its specific gravity.
A. 1.73 B. 2.45 C. 3.46 D. 0.865

𝜌𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝛾𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑆𝐺 = =
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑊 650 𝑁
𝑚 𝑔 9.81 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 = = = = 1743.656 3
𝑣 𝑣 0.038 𝑚3 𝑚

𝜌𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 1743.656
𝑆𝐺 = = = 1.743
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 1000
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

12. A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage through a double-U

manometer, as shown in the figure. If the reading of the pressure gage is
260 𝑘𝑃𝑎, determine the gage pressure of the gasoline line.
A. 101 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 86 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 415 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D.245 𝑘𝑃𝑎
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

12. A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage through a double-U

manometer, as shown in the figure. If the reading of the pressure gage is
260 𝑘𝑃𝑎, determine the gage pressure of the gasoline line.
A. 101 𝑘𝑃𝑎 B. 86 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 415 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D.245 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑝 = 𝛾ℎ ; 𝛾𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑆𝐺 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

260 − 9.81 × 1 × 0.45 + 9.81 × 0.79 × 0.5 −

9.81 × 13.6 × 0.1 − 9.81 × 0.7 × 0.22 = 𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 244.31 𝑘𝑃𝑎

 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

13. The pressure of the tank is 50 𝑘𝑃𝑎, find the equivalent pressure head of the
water.
A. 4.17 𝑚 B. 51 𝑚 C. 50 𝑚 D. 5.1 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

13. The pressure of the tank is 50 𝑘𝑃𝑎, find the equivalent pressure head of the
water.
A. 4.17 𝑚 B. 51 𝑚 C. 50 𝑚 D. 5.1 𝑚

𝑃 = 𝛾ℎ = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
50 = 9.81ℎ
ℎ = 5.096 𝑚
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

14. The diameter of a steel pipe is 50 𝑚𝑚. Calculate the discharge of the pipe
𝐿 𝑚
in if the velocity of the flow is 0.5 .
𝑠 𝑠
A. 9.82 B. 982 C. 98.2 D. 0.98
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

14. The diameter of a steel pipe is 50 𝑚𝑚. Calculate the discharge of the pipe
𝐿 𝑚
in if the velocity of the flow is 0.5 .
𝑠 𝑠
A. 9.82 B. 982 C. 98.2 D. 0.98

1 𝑚3 = 1000𝐿
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 × 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜋
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = × 0.052 0.5
4
3
𝑚
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 9.8175 × 10−4
𝑠
 HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

14. The diameter of a steel pipe is 50 𝑚𝑚. Calculate the discharge of the pipe
𝐿 𝑚
in if the velocity of the flow is 0.5 .
𝑠 𝑠
A. 9.82 B. 982 C. 98.2 D. 0.98

3
𝑚
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 9.8175 × 10−4
𝑠
3
−4
𝑚 1000 𝐿
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 9.8175 × 10 ×
𝑠 1 𝑚3
𝐿
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 0.98
𝑠