CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

Lecture Notes 3
in
Civil Engineering Laws,
Ethics and Contracts

CE 14
Second Semester
2021-2022
BSCE Curriculum 2018

Presented by: NENITA M. ABARADO, C.E.

College of Engineering and Architecture
Bohol Island State University-Main Campus

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

Lesson 3
Practice of civil Engineers
Classification of Engineering Services

Learning Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. categorize the civil engineering services;

2. identify the types of infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering and
3. classify and explain the engineering services.
.
Time Frame: 2 hours

Introduction

The demand for professional civil engineering services varies, as do the civil
engineering firms that meet those demands. Many civil engineering firms offer
comprehensive services to their clients, while others specialize in areas of engineering
such as geotechnical or structural engineering, to name a few.

Services provided by Civil Engineers can be grouped into following broad categories:

 Consultation, research, investigation, and reports.

 Design services for construction projects

 Construction services

 Special services for construction projects

 Engineering support services

 Academic services

 Services as Employee

The types of infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering, pursuant to RA 544, as
amended, include:

 Street, bridges, highways and railroads

 Airports and hangars

 Port works, canals, river and shore improvements, light houses and dry
docks

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

 Buildings

 Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water supply and
sewerage works

 Tunnels

Consultations, Research, Investigation and Reports

 These services deal primarily with collecting, interpreting, and reporting

information, together with formulating conclusions and making
recommendations. Typical services in this category are:

Preliminary and Feasibility, Investigations and Reports

 These services usually precede the authorization of a capital project and may
involve extensive investigations, analyses of conditions, and comparison of
several possible plans. These studies may include the impact of a project upon
the cycle costs, financing considerations, and expected revenues as bases for
conclusions and recommendations regarding the advisability of undertaking a
project.

Planning Studies

 These services may include the broad areas of developing the engineering
requirements of master plans for long-range capital improvement programs;
preparation of preliminary engineering of land development plans, urban plans,
and regional plans; and environmental conditions and preparation of
environmental impact studies with subsequent engineering planning to improve or
maintain existing conditions.

Appraisals, Valuation and Rate Studies

 These services may include investigations and analyses of existing conditions;

capital and operating costs; overhead costs and costs of financing; and revenues
as needed to evaluate a property or to recommend establishment of prospective
rates.

Assistance in Financial Matters

 The Civil Engineer may be engaged by a client who is planning to issue bonds,
particularly revenue bonds, to finance a capital project. The scope of services may
include an evaluation of capabilities of existing or proposed facilities to meet
present and projected future needs, statements of probable construction costs,
and an estimate of annual revenue requirements, with a determination of
appropriate rates to provide this income.

Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

 These services include tests of materials and equipment under established codes
and standards, specialized examination of equipment and materials used in
construction and industry, and other inspections and monitoring required by a
client.

Direct Personal Services

 This includes services such as assistance in preparation for legal proceedings.

Appearances before courts or commissions to render expert opinions and
conclusions, and investigation of technical matters where specialized civil
engineering knowledge, experience, and judgment is required.

Research and Development

 Research is a specialized investigation and gathering of data from existing

resources or through laboratory works and processes related to the purpose and
object of the research. Research and development may cover the following:

 Development of new construction materials and methods from concept to

commercialization.

 Improvement of construction materials and methods through exhaustive studies to

reduce total construction cost and at the same time improve quality.

Special Services

 These services can vary to suit special needs of the client and can include such
diverse activities as:

o Value engineering

o Appraisal and valuation

o Load testing

o Environmental evaluations

o Traffic engineering

o Forensic engineering for structural and other failures

o Operational assistance

o Materials process design

o Pilot studies

o Computer modeling

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

o Safety engineering

o Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering

o Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation

o Permit and application services

o Sales and marketing services

o Expert witness

o Representation of municipal or private entities in project proposed for

privatization

Design Services for Construction Projects

 Civil engineering services are required for each of six typical phases of a
construction project. All services are preferably furnished by the same Civil
Engineer for consistency and efficiency, although at times services in various
phases are furnished by different engineers or by the client. The services are
supplemented by special services which may be provided by the client, a
specialized engineer, or another Civil Engineer.

Study and Report Phase

 This phase involves determination of project scope and economic and technical
evaluation of feasible alternatives. The services performed during this phase may
include:

o Reviewing available data and consulting with the client to clarify and define
the client’s requirements for the project.

o Advising the client as to the necessity of providing or obtaining from others

additional data or services and assisting the client in obtaining such data
and services

o Identifying and analyzing requirements of governmental authorities having

jurisdiction to approve the design of the project and participating in
consultations with such authorities.

o Providing analyses of the clients needs, planning surveys, comparative

evaluations of prospective sites and solutions.

o Providing a general economic analysis of the client’s requirements

applicable to various alternatives.

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

o Preparing a report and presenting alternative solutions available to the

client with the Civil Engineer’s findings and recommendations.

Preliminary Design Phase

 This phase involves the establishment of the general size and scope of the project
and its location on the selected site. The preliminary design services may include:

o Consulting with the client, reviewing preliminary reports, clarifying and

defining project requirements, reviewing available data, and discussing
general scheduling.

o Advising the client as to whether additional data or services of the type

described under the study and report phase above are required and
assisting the client in obtaining such data and services.

o Preparing preliminary design documents consisting of final design criteria,

preliminary drawings, outline specifications, and written descriptions of the
project.

o Preparing revised estimates of probable total project costs.

o Providing periodic status reports.

Final Design Phase

 This phase of project development is usually undertaken only after the client has
approved the preliminary design phase material. The basic services for the final
design phase may include:

o Preparing construction drawings and specifications showing the character

and extent of the project based on the final accepted preliminary design
documents.

o Preparing and furnishing to the client a revised estimate of probable total

project costs based on the final drawings and specifications.

o Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assisting in the application

for regulatory permits from local, or national authorities. This is
distinguished from and does not include detailed applications and
supporting documents for government grants-in-aid or planning grants that
would be furnished as additional services described later this section.

o Preparing basic documents related to construction contacts for review and

approval by the client (and the client’s legal and other advisors). These
include contact agreement forms, general conditions and supplementary
conditions, invitations to bid, instructions to bidders, insurance and bonding
requirements, and other contract-related documents.

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

o Furnishing to the client specified number of copies of drawings,

specifications and other contract documents.

o Providing final design and construction services for design-build contracts.

The engineer generally serves as a subcontractor to a general contractor
during the initial planning and design phases. Services provided by the
engineer may extended through the construction phase, as appropriate.

o Providing periodic status reports.

Bidding or Negotiating Phase

 Services under this phase may include:

o Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining bids or negotiating

proposals for each separate prime construction contract, maintaining a
record of prospective bidders to whom bidding documents have been
issued, attending pre-bid conferences, and receiving and processing
deposits for bidding documents.

o Issuing addenda as appropriate to interpret, clarify, expand or amend the

bidding documents.

o Assisting the client in determining the qualifications and acceptability of

prospective contractors, subcontractors and materials suppliers.

o Consulting with and advising the client as to the acceptability of alternative

materials and equipment proposed by the prospective construction when
substitution prior t the award of contracts is allowed by the bidding
documents.

o Attending the bid opening, preparing bid tabulation sheets and providing
assistance to the client in evaluating bids or proposals and in assembling
and awarding contracts for construction, materials, equipment and
services.

Construction Phase

 Construction phase services may include:

o Reviewing, for compliance with design concepts, shop and erection

drawings submitted by the constructors.

o Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports on materials and

equipment.

o Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals

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CE 14 Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

o Providing services during construction by a full-time resident project

representative, and by supporting staff as required

o Issuing instruction from the client to the contractors, issuing necessary

interpretations and clarifications of contract documents, preparing change
orders, requiring special inspections and testing of the work, and making
recommendations as to acceptability of the work.

o Making recommendations to the client on corrective actions or contractual

measures that may be exercised by the owner.

o Preparing sketches required to resolve problems due to actual field

conditions encountered.

o Determining amounts of progress payments due, based on degree of

completion of the work, and recommending issuance of such payments by
the client.

o Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation of the

project.

o Preparing record drawings from information submitted by the contractor.

o Making a final inspection and reporting on completion of the project

Operation Phase

 At the completion of construction, the Civil Engineer may as basic service, assist
in the star-up of project operations. The Civil Engineer may be commissioned to
prepare a manual for both operation and maintenance requirements, and may also
provide assistance in adjusting and balancing equipment, identifying deficiencies
and assisting in obtaining corrections, and performing inspection prior to the end
of the project warranty period. The Civil Engineer may assist in operator training,
setting up job classifications and salaries, organizing the purchases of supplies
developing charts for recording operational date, and observing and reporting on
project operations.

Assignment 3.

Select two (2) engineering services. Then, in your own words (at least 250 words),
explain how professionals will conduct themselves and adhere to honesty and integrity in
each engineering service chosen.

References:
 www.chegg.com › questions-and-answers › choose-two...
 www.coursehero.com › file › CLASSIFICATION-OF-EN.