Assignment #3

Section 2: Classification of Engineering Service

I. General
A. Broad categories of services provided by Civil Engineers:
 Consultations, research, investigations, and reports
 Design services for construction projects
 Construction services
 Special services for construction projects
 Engineering support services
 Academic services
 Services as Employee

B. Types of infrastructure under the domain of civil engineering, pursuant to

RA 544, as amended, include:
 Streets, bridges, highways and railroads
 Airports and hangars
 Portworks, canals, river and shore improvements, light houses and
dry docks
 Buildings
 Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water
supply and sewerage works
 Tunnels

II. Consultations, Research, Investigations and Reports

These services primarily deal with collecting, interpreting, and reporting
information, together with formulating conclusions and making recommendations.

A. Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports

 Precede the authorization of a capital project
 Extensive investigations
 Analyses of conditions
 Comparison of plans

B. Planning Studies
 Preparation of preliminary engineering of land development plans,
urban plans, and regional plans
 Investigation of environmental conditions
  Preparation of environmental impact studies with subsequent
engineering planning to improve or maintain existing conditions

C. Appraisals, Valuations and Rate Studies

 Evaluation of properties or recommendation of establishment of
prospective rates which involve investigations and analyses of
existing conditions; capital and operating costs; overhead costs
and costs of financing; and revenues.

D. Assistance in Financial Matters

 Evaluation of capabilities of existing or proposed facilities to meet
present and projected future needs
 Statements of probable construction costs
 Estimate of annual revenue requirements, with a determination of
appropriate rates to provide this income

E. Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests

 Tests of materials and equipment under established codes and
standards
 Specialized examination of equipment and materials used in
construction and industry
 Other inspections and monitoring required by a client

F. Direct Personal Services

 Assistance in preparation for legal proceedings

G. Research and Development

 Development of new construction materials and methods from
concept to commercialization
 Improvement of construction materials and methods through
exhaustive studies to reduce total construction cost and at the same
time improve quality

H. Special Services
 Value Engineering
 Appraisal and valuation
 Load testing
 Environmental evaluations
 Traffic engineering
 Forensic engineering for structural and other failures
  Operational assistance
 Materials process design
 Pilot studies
 Computer modelling
 Safety engineering
 Topographic, sounding and boundary survey engineering
 Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
 Permit and application services
 Sales and marketing services
 Expert witness
 Representation of municipal or private entities in project proposed
for privatization

III. Design Services for Construction Projects

All services are preferably furnished by the same Civil Engineer for consistency
and efficiency, although at times services in various phases are furnished by different
engineers or by the client.

A. Study and Report Phase

 Reviewing available data and consulting with the client to clarify
the requirements of the project.
 Advising and assisting the client in obtaining additional data or
services.
 Identifying and analysing requirements of governmental authorities
having jurisdiction to approve the design of the project.
 Providing analyses of the client’s needs, planning surveys,
comparative evaluations of prospective sites and solutions.
 Providing a general economic analysis of the client’s requirements
applicable to various alternatives.
 Preparing a report and presenting alternative solutions available to
the client with the Civil Engineer’s findings and recommendations.

B. Preliminary Design Phase

 Consulting with the client, reviewing preliminary reports,
clarifying and defining the project requirements, reviewing
available data, and discussing general scheduling.
 Advising and assisting regarding the possible additional data or
services described under the study and report phase.
 Preparing preliminary design documents.
  Preparing revised estimates of probable total project costs.
 Providing periodic status reports.

C. Final Design Phase

 Preparing construction drawings and specifications showing the
character and extent of the project.
 Preparing and furnishing to the client a revised estimate of
probable total project costs.
 Furnishing the necessary engineering data and assisting in the
application for regulatory permits from local, or national
authorities.
 Preparing basic documents related to construction contracts for
review and approval by the client and their legal and other
advisors.
 Furnishing to the client specified number of copies of drawings,
specifications and other contract documents.
 Providing final design and construction services for design-build
contracts.
 Providing periodic status reports.

D. Bidding or Negotiating Phase

 Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining bids or
negotiating proposals for each separate prime construction
contract, maintaining a record of prospective bidders to whom
bidding documents have been issued, attending pre-bid
conferences, and receiving and processing deposits for bidding
documents.
 Issuing addenda as appropriate to interpret, clarify, expand or
amend the bidding documents.
 Assisting the client in determining the qualifications and
acceptability of prospective contractors, subcontractors and
material suppliers.
 Consulting with and advising the client as to the acceptability of
alternative materials and equipment proposed.
 Attending the bid opening, preparing bid tabulation sheets and
providing assistance to the client in evaluating bids or proposals,
assembling and awarding contacts for construction, materials,
equipment and services.
E. Construction Phase
 Reviewing, for compliance with design concepts, shop and
erection drawings submitted by the constructors.
 Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports on materials and
equipment.
 Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals as construction
proceeds to observe and report on the progress and the quality of
the executed work.
 Providing services during construction by a full-time resident
project representative, and by supporting staff as required.
 Issuing instruction from the client to the contractors, necessary
interpretations and clarifications of contract documents, preparing
change orders, requiring special inspections and testing of the
work, and making recommendations as to acceptability of the
work.
 Making recommendations to the client on corrective actions or
contractual measures.
 Preparing sketches required to resolve problems.
 Determining amounts of progress payments due.
 Observing and assisting performance tests and initial operation of
the project.
 Preparing record drawings from information submitted by the
contractor.
 Making a final inspection and reporting on completion of the
project.

F. Operation Phase
 Civil Engineer may be commissioned to prepare a manual for both
operation and maintenance requirements.
 Provide assistance in adjusting and balancing equipment.
 Identifying deficiencies and assisting in obtaining corrections.
 Performing inspection prior to the end of the project.
 Assisting in operator training, setting up job classifications and
salaries, organizing the purchase of supplies developing charts for
recording operational data, and observing and reporting on project
operations.
IV. Construction Services

A. Registered Civil Engineer may engage in construction contracting after

being licensed as a contractor by the Contractors Accreditation Board.

B. Registered Civil Engineer may provide the services of a supporting

technical employee as required of a construction company. However,
she/he shall be paid professional fees in additional regular salary.

C. Civil Engineer may be employed as a construction engineer, resident

Civil Engineer, project engineer, quality control engineer, cost engineer
or engineer inspector in a project.
 Section 23 of RA 544 – only registered Civil Engineers can take
charge or supervise construction or alteration of any building or
structure and any other mentioned in Section 2 of the mentions
Republic Act.

V. Special Services for Construction Projects

A. Geotechnical Engineering – including test borings, sampling and

analysis, and recommendations.

B. Special studies, tests, and process determinations to establish design

criteria or demonstrate compliance.

C. Land surveys, establishment of boundaries and monuments, preparation

of easement descriptions, and related computations and drawings.

D. Engineering and topographic surveys for the materials and equipment.

E. Additional copies of reports, construction drawings, specifications, and

other documents as required for bidding and construction beyond the
number specified in the Basic Services agreement.

F. Extra travel and subsistence as defined by the agreement for engineering

services.

G. Value Engineering – including review of the work of other engineers

and to suggest a better approach for meeting the project’s functional and
financial criteria.
 H. Redesign to reflect changes requested or necessitated by the client.

I. Assistance to the client as an expert witness in connection with the

project or in hearings before approving and regulatory agencies.

J. Final investigations involving detailed consideration of operation,

maintenance, and overhead expenses.

K. Preparation of detailed applications and supporting documents grants or

advances for public works projects.

L. Plotting, computing, and filing of subdivision plans, staking of lots, and

other land planning and partitioning activities.

M. Preparation of environmental assessment and impact statements and

other assistance to the client in connection with public hearings.

N. Additional studies and design efforts to meet special conditions

encountered during construction.

O. Assistance to the client in the selection and engagement of architects,

other engineers, contractors and subcontractors, and observation and
approval of their services or work.

P. Assessment of completed project’s ability to meet its design intent

relative to capacity, maintainability, operability, or reliability.

Q. Computer simulation and modelling.

VI. Engineering Support Services

Civil Engineering practice may involve drafting, land and construction surveying,
and other data gathering activities for specialized purposes. The procurement of adequate
and correct data usually requires professional Civil Engineering judgement and guidance
if persons who are not Civil Engineers accomplish some of the tasks stated.

VII. Academic Services

A. Teaching of civil engineering courses in engineering

colleges/universities on part/full time basis. According to RA 8981, all
 subjects for licensure examinations shall be taught by professional civil
engineers.

B. Lecturing in civil engineering courses designed by the Philippine

Institute of Civil Engineers for practicing engineers who want to obtain
CPD credits.

C. Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil engineering concepts and

related subjects.

D. Services as a Resource Speaker in Technical Session.

E. Writing technical articles and pamphlets.

VIII. Services as Employee

A. Civil Engineer may be employed for any position or function in any

commercial or institutional organization.

B. Civil Engineer in part time employment with a firm is considered to be

an employee and at the same time a consultant of the firm.

C. Civil Engineer employed as an individual consultant of any firm is

required to comply with the requirements and the standards herein
established for a consulting Civil Engineering firm or consulting Civil
Engineer.

D. All Government Civil Engineers employed by the instrumentalities of

the government shall be governed by pertinent existing laws and
regularities and particularly to those prescribed by the Civil Service
Commission.