Civil Engineering Laws, Ethics and Contracts

Name of Student: KAREN JOY C. LUPAGUE Course: BSCE

Assignment for: CE 14 Semester: First Semester -A.Y. 2021-2022

Activity No. 7F Instructor: ENGR. NENITA M. ABARADO

Q1. Tell something on Bicycle Facilities along National Roads based on NBCP. (Refer
to https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/.../files/issuances/DO_88_s2020.pdf).

A1. With the quantity of pollution generated by many moving vehicles on the road, such as
motorcycles, tricycles, and automobiles, incorporating bicycles is a great concept. It is very
environmentally friendly, and if these modes of transportation become more prevalent than
engine-driven vehicles, heavy traffic will be avoided, particularly on highways and national
roads. Aside from the environmental benefits, it will also have a positive impact on our health.

Bicycle facilities along national roads will create a safer, cleaner, and greener
environment because they will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by other engine-
powered vehicles. We will be able to inhale cleaner and more pure oxygen.

Bicycle lanes have now been installed on almost all the national roadways in the
Philippines, making cyclists feel safer and more protected. If this trend continues, more people
will be encouraged to ride bicycles, and the government will be able to save a significant
quantity of fossil fuels. We will be able to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels while also
preserving and minimizing their use.

We all know that vehicle emissions contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect,
which has resulted in these unusual climate shifts. Bicycle lanes are ideal since they will
benefit not only those individuals and communities who want a cleaner environment, but the
entire planet, especially when it comes to climate change. It will assist us in protecting Mother
Nature, the wellspring of all life.

On the contrary, it may have negative consequences for us. Commuters will have to
adjust, and construction of bicycle lanes will undoubtedly be costly. It may also become a
source of traffic and possible accidents. And lastly it may be unnecessary to other places.

However, it is still worthwhile, effective, and beneficial to all.

Q2. What are the provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096 (from
www.dpwh.gov.ph), the 1977 NBCP on building setbacks-easements-firewalls-
perimeter wall/fences/gates?

A2.
Rule VIII of the 2004 Revised implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of P.D.
No. 1096, the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) deals with Light and
Ventilation for buildings i.e. site occupancy, courts, ceiling heights, room sizes and
dimensions, window openings, vent shafts and the Guidelines on Easements, View Corridors/
Sight Lines, Streets/ Road Rights-of-Way (RROWs) including sidewalks, Basements and the
like.

(a) Grade level provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

1) Rule VIII, Section 804, Table VIII.3 on non-residential buildings i.e. distance from
property line to outermost face of the exterior wall;
2) Rule VII, Section 704.4 on Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements;
3) Rule VIII, Section 803.4.c on Abutments; and
4) Rule VII Guidelines, Section B, Figures VII.G.1 and VII.G.2 on angular planes along
RROWs.

(b) Above-grade level provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

1) Rule VIII, Section 804.6 and Figure VIII.20 on side and rear incremental setbacks
(used to limit the total gross floor area/TGFA);
2) it is important to consider Rule VIII, Section 804.4 in all cases as the 2004 Revised
IRR of PD1096 is supposed to apply to newly developed areas i.e. areas developed
starting May 2005 when said Revised IRR took effect, unless there is a LGU ordinance
imposing said Revised IRR on all new building construction; absent such a LGU
ordinance, the old IRR using line and grade (L&G) should be used;
3) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section C, Figure VIII.G.13 on front incremental setbacks (used
to limit the total gross floor area/TGFA);
4) other provisions on roof edge (0.75 m from property line), outermost face of buildings
(OFB) and outermost limit of building projection (OLBP), including fire escape
structures; note that there are conditions to the above-grade building line i.e. is there
a LGU arcade ordinance (whether zoning ordinance/ZO or special ordinance/SO; is
 the arcade structure properly defined in that ZO or SO; the 0.50 m distance from
carriageway line to the outermost face of the arcade structure as shown in Figure
VIII.G.12 cannot be relaxed by the ZO or SO, but can be made wider (to say 0.60 m
or more); without a LGU ZO or SO for an arcaded street, arcades and arcade structures
are not legal i.e. PD1096 does not prescribe which ones are arcaded as only the LGU
ZO or SO can do that;
5) the 1/3 of RROW width is the maximum width of the sidewalk on each side of the
RROW i.e. at 2/3 of RROW as the total for 2 sidewalks; there are ZO or SO or other
solutions that allow for the total utilization of the sidewalk width for arcade use but the
same never applies to the arcade structure (above the arcade) which must be set back
from the carriageway edge i.e. curb & gutter; and
6) Article 670 of RA386, 1949 Civil Code of the PH on the mandatory 2.0 m easement
(i.e. distance from property line to center of the exterior wall);

(c) Sub-grade provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

1) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section F.1 b. and e. (to follow grade-level setbacks of the
building); and
2) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section C, Figure VIII.G.12 on above-grade and below-grade
setbacks.

Q3. What are the provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of P.D. No. 1096 (from
www.dpwh.gov.ph), the 1977 NBCP on building setbacks-easements-firewalls-
perimeter wall/fences/gates?

A3.
Rule VIII of the 2004 Revised implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of P.D. No.
1096, the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) deals with Light and
Ventilation for buildings i.e. site occupancy, courts, ceiling heights, room sizes and
dimensions, window openings, vent shafts and the Guidelines on Easements, View Corridors/
Sight Lines, Streets/ Road Rights-of-Way (RROWs) including sidewalks, Basements and the
like.

(a) Grade level provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

5) Rule VIII, Section 804, Table VIII.3 on non-residential buildings i.e. distance from
property line to outermost face of the exterior wall;
 6) Rule VII, Section 704.4 on Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements;
7) Rule VIII, Section 803.4.c on Abutments; and
8) Rule VII Guidelines, Section B, Figures VII.G.1 and VII.G.2 on angular planes along
RROWs.

(b) Above-grade level provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

7) Rule VIII, Section 804.6 and Figure VIII.20 on side and rear incremental setbacks
(used to limit the total gross floor area/TGFA);
8) it is important to consider Rule VIII, Section 804.4 in all cases as the 2004 Revised
IRR of PD1096 is supposed to apply to newly developed areas i.e. areas developed
starting May 2005 when said Revised IRR took effect, unless there is a LGU ordinance
imposing said Revised IRR on all new building construction; absent such a LGU
ordinance, the old IRR using line and grade (L&G) should be used;
9) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section C, Figure VIII.G.13 on front incremental setbacks (used
to limit the total gross floor area/TGFA);
10) other provisions on roof edge (0.75 m from property line), outermost face of buildings
(OFB) and outermost limit of building projection (OLBP), including fire escape
structures; note that there are conditions to the above-grade building line i.e. is there
a LGU arcade ordinance (whether zoning ordinance/ZO or special ordinance/SO; is
the arcade structure properly defined in that ZO or SO; the 0.50 m distance from
carriageway line to the outermost face of the arcade structure as shown in Figure
VIII.G.12 cannot be relaxed by the ZO or SO, but can be made wider (to say 0.60 m
or more); without a LGU ZO or SO for an arcaded street, arcades and arcade structures
are not legal i.e. PD1096 does not prescribe which ones are arcaded as only the LGU
ZO or SO can do that;
11) the 1/3 of RROW width is the maximum width of the sidewalk on each side of the
RROW i.e. at 2/3 of RROW as the total for 2 sidewalks; there are ZO or SO or other
solutions that allow for the total utilization of the sidewalk width for arcade use but the
same never applies to the arcade structure (above the arcade) which must be set back
from the carriageway edge i.e. curb & gutter; and
12) Article 670 of RA386, 1949 Civil Code of the PH on the mandatory 2.0 m easement
(i.e. distance from property line to center of the exterior wall);
(c) Sub-grade provisions under the 2004 Revised IRR of PD1096:

3) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section F.1 b. and e. (to follow grade-level setbacks of the
building); and
4) Rule VIII Guidelines, Section C, Figure VIII.G.12 on above-grade and below-grade
setbacks.

Q4. Define the term “building” in four (4) different ways as per Philippine Laws and
Regulations.

A4. The following are 4 different definitions of building as per Philippine laws and
Regulations:
A. Building - Any structure built for the support, shelter, or enclosure of persons,
animals, chattels, or property of any kind.

 This is according to P.D. No. 1096, the 1997 National Building Code of the Philippines
(NBCP) ANNEX "A" WORDS, TERMS AND PHRASES (Definitions)

B. Building / Structure - A three-dimensional physical development erected within

a lot or property or any combination of or all of its three different levels (at grade,
below grade, above grade). The term buildings/structures as used in this Code
shall invariably refer to both proposed and existing physical developments within
a lot.

 This is according to 2004 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of P.D. No. 1096,
the 1977 NBCP GLOSSARY

C. Building – it means a structure for purpose and functions of habitation and other
uses.

 This is according to 2004 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of R.A. No. 9266,
the Architecture Act of 2004. SECTION 3. Definition of Terms.

D. Building – a roofed and walled structure built for permanent use.

  This is according to 2015 DPWH Bureau of Design (BoD) Design Guidelines, Criteria
and Standards (DGCS) Volume 6 : Public Buildings and Other Related Structures
GLOSSARY

Q5. What is the meaning of green building?

A5. A green building is the practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings to
minimize resource use, reduce waste and negative environmental impacts, maximize
occupant health and productivity and decrease life cycle costs. Green building employs an
integrated project strategy, which brings people together early on to cooperate and exchange
ideas that might improve building efficiency while also saving money throughout construction
and operation. Green Building is also defined as the practice of creating structures and using
processes that are environmentally responsible and resource – efficient throughout the
building’s life cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
deconstruction.

Another term for “green building” sustainable or high – performance building.

Commissioning is an important aspect of high-performance green buildings. This is the
process of ensuring that the structure functions as intended, resolving any faults, and
educating the personnel who will be operating the structure. The genuine heroes of green
building are those who work in the building operations department. They are in charge of
monitoring, fine-tuning, repairing, and maintaining a structure and its systems throughout its
lifespan.

Green building is not just an ordinary building for it offers numerous benefits. The first
are the environmental benefits. It improves air and water quality, reduces waste streams, and
conserves and restores natural resources while enhancing and protecting biodiversity and
ecosystems. Then there are the financial benefits. It optimizes life-cycle economic
performance by lowering operating costs, increasing tenant productivity, increasing asset
value and profits, and lowering operating costs. And finally, the social benefits. It improves the
health and comfort of occupants, improves indoor air quality, reduces the load on local utility
infrastructure, and improves overall quality of life.
Q6. Tell the coverage of The Green Building (GB) Code as basis of NBCP.
(https://accelerateph.org/index.php/energy-policies/philippine-green-building-code-
2015-pd-1096/.)

A6.

Through an open request for ideas, the One Planet network's Sustainable Lifestyles
and Education Programme selected the Active City-Community Engagement to Leverage
Emissions Reduction through Activities that Transform Energy-use (ACCELERATE) project.
It is supported by the United Nations Environment Programme's 10YFP Trust Fund, as well
as a substantial grant from Japan's Ministry of the Environment.

ACCELERATE aims to increase sustainable energy consumption and production in

Pasig and Paranaque City by improving the implementation of the Philippine Green Building
Code and the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Law across the board and stimulating
private sector and community action.

Q7. What is the general provision of the Philippine Green Building Code Presidential
Decree 1096?

A7.
Philippine Green Building Code Presidential Decree 1096
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 101. Title.

This Decree shall be known as the "National Building Code of the

Philippines" and shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Code".

Section 102. Declaration of Policy

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property,
and public welfare, consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and
control; and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to provide for all buildings and
structures, a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control their
location, site, design quality of materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.

Section 103. Scope and Application.

 (a) The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, sitting, construction,
alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of, and
addition to public and private buildings and structures, except traditional indigenous family
dwellings as defined herein.

(b) Building and/or structures constructed before the approval of this Code shall not be
affected thereby except when alterations, additions, conversions or repairs are to be made
therein in which case, this Code shall apply only to portions to be altered, added, converted
or repaired.

Section 104. General Building Requirements.

(a) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all
respects to the principles of the safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which
they are designed.

(b) Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production
of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards.

(c) Buildings or structures and all parts thereof as well as all facilities found therein
shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition.

Section 105. Site Requirements.

The land or site upon which will be constructed any building or structure, or any
ancillary or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be sanitary, hygienic or safe. In the case of sites or
buildings intended for use as human habitation or abode, the same shall be at a safe distance,
as determined by competent authorities, from streams or bodies of water and/or sources of
air considered to be polluted; from a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building
considered to be a potential source of fire or explosion.
REFERENCES:

 https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/DO_88_s2020.pdf
 https://www.stronggo.com/blog/6-benefits-bike-lanes
 https://greengroundswell.com/what-is-green-building-and-why-is-it-
important/2013/04/08/
 https://www.greenbuilt.org/about/importance-of-green-building/
 https://www.facebook.com/BuildingCode.Ph/posts/3831450083532536
 https://accelerate-ph.org/?s=accelerate+project
 https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1977/02feb/19770219-PD-1096-FM.pdf
 http://dpwh.architectureboard.ph/2016/09/30/pd-1096-irr-rule-
viii/#:~:text=Rule%20VIII%20of%20the%202004%20Revised%20implementing%20r
ules,Rights-of-
Way%20%28RROWs%29%20including%20sidewalks%2C%20Basements%20and%
20the%20like.
 http://www.iibh.org/kijun/pdf/Philippines_05_Green_Building_Code_of_Philippones_Y
2015.pdf

Date Submitted/Time: March 07, 2022 at 10:00 am

Signature:
KAREN JOY C. LUPAGUE
Student