`Learner’s Activity Sheet

Assessment Checklist

Third Quarter – Week 2

Feedback Mechanisms Involved in Regulating

Processes in the Female Reproductive System

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Name

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Section

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Teacher

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Parent’s Name/Guardian

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School

10
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Date of Retrieval
 TEACHER'S REFERENCE GUIDE (TRG)

School: Marawi City National High School Grade Level: Ten

Teacher: Jhameda Rosedilyn A. Basman Learning Area: Science
Teaching Date: Quarter: 3rd Week: 2

I. OBJECTIVES 1. Define what feedback mechanisms mean.

2. Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in
regulating processes in the female reproductive
system (e.g. menstrual cycle).
3. Identify the female hormones and their roles in
reproductive processes
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of how
Standard these feedback mechanisms help the organisms
maintain homeostasis to reproduce and survive.
B. Performance
Standard
C. MELC Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in the
female reproductive system (e.g. menstrual cycle).
II. SUBJECT Feedback Mechanisms Involved in Regulating
MATTER: Processes in the Female Reproductive System
a. References DEPED Science 10 Learner’s Material, Department of
Education, Republic of the Philippines
b. Materials Learner’s Activity Sheet, Assessment Checklist, Study
Guide
c. Integration Awareness and understanding of what transpire
during menstruation
III. PROCEDURES
ACTIVITY Activity 1:
(DO) Instruction: Let the students read and understand
the diagram in Figure 11 which describes the
different events that take place during menstrual
cycle and let them identify the different hormones
involved.

ANALYSIS Activity 2:
(THINK) Guide Questions:
1. What are the feedback mechanisms?
2. How does the negative feedback regulate processes
in the female reproductive system?
3. What is menstruation?
4. What are the different events during the
menstrual cycle?
5. What are the hormones involved and their roles in
the reproductive processes?
ABSTRACTION Activity 3:
(LEARN)  A feedback mechanism is a loop system wherein
the system responds to an uneasiness.
Feedback loops are therefore the process
whereby a change to the system results in an
alarm which will trigger a certain result. This
result will either increase the change to the
system or reduce it to bring the system back to
normal keeping its internal environment stable
responsible for maintaining homeostasis.
 Feedback, in general, is a regulatory
mechanism present in many biological
reactions. By allowing certain pathways to be
turned off and on, the body can control various
aspects of its internal environment. This is
similar to flipping a switch. Feedback allows
the product of a pathway to control the switch.

 Negative feedbackis a type of regulation in
biological system in which the end product of a
process in turn reduces the stimulus of the
same process. It occurs when the product of a
pathway turns the biochemical pathway off.
 Positive feedback, on the other hand is found
in other biological pathways in which the
product increases the pathway, biochemical
pathway on.

http://getdrawings.com

Feedback Mechanism in Menstrual Cycle and
Pregnancy
Before a woman ovulates, the hormone estrogen is
released by the ovary. The estrogen travels to the
brain, which causes gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) to be released from the hypothalamus and
luteinizing hormone (LH) to be released from the
pituitary gland. LH causes more estrogen to be
released from the ovary, which in turn causes an
increase in GnRH and LH in the bloodstream through
positive feedback. The rise in these hormones, along
with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), causes
ovulation to occur.

 In negative feedback, rising levels of hormones

feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary
gland to decrease the production of the
hormones. During most of the menstrual cycle,
estrogen and progesterone provide negative
feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary
gland. This keeps their levels more or less
constant.

If no fertilized egg is implanted into the uterus, the

corpus luteum, a mass of cells that forms in an ovary
and is responsible for the production of the hormone
progesterone during early pregnancy degenerates and
the levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease. The
endometrium begins to degenerate as the
progesterone levels drop, initiating the next
menstrual cycle. The decrease in progesterone also
allows the hypothalamus to send GnRH to the
anterior pituitary, releasing FSH and LH and starting
the cycles again.

R
m
s
t
p

Feedback Mechanism in Labor and Childbirth

 Pressur More
Contracti More
Baby is
e of pressure on
ons contracti
born
child on cervix,
begin ons
cervix oxytocin
released

Positive Feedback
When labor begins, the baby’s head is pushed
downwards and results in increased pressure on the
cervix. This stimulates receptor cells to send a
chemical signal to the brain, allowing the release of
oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland. This
oxytocin diffuses to the cervix via the blood, where it
stimulated further contractions. These contractions
stimulate further oxytocin release until the baby is
born. Breastfeeding is also a positive feedback loop;
as the baby suckles, the mother’s pituitary gland
produces more of the hormone prolactin, which
causes more milk to be produced.

Feedback Mechanism in Menopause

Negative Feedback
As women approach their mid-40s to mid-50s, their
ovaries begin to lose their sensitivity to FSH and LH.
Menstrual periods become less frequent and finally
cease; this is menopause. There are still eggs and
potential follicles on the ovaries, but without the
stimulation of FSH and LH, they will not produce a
viable egg to be released. There is also marked
reduction in estrogen level due to loss of follicular
development, loss of ovulation and menstruation. The
outcome of this is the inability to have children.
During this time, she may experience hot flashes,
mood swings, and other symptoms.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

You see boys and girls don’t experience same physical

changes, one of these is the Menstrual Cycle that
occurs only in girls. Menstrual Cycle refers to the
series of changes that occur in sexually mature, non-
pregnant females which culminates into menses, also
called menstrual bleeding or menstruation or simply
refer to as having a period. As girls get older and their
body change they get their periods. Do you remember
the function of the uterus? Yes, you are right! It is
where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. But
how does it happen? The inner lining of uterus called
endometrium supports and nourishes the growing
baby. If there is no baby, the lining is shed during her
period. During a period, blood and other tissues from
the uterus leave the body through the vagina. A
period can last for a few days or about a week.
The Menstrual Cycle is the time from one period to
another usually by 28 days. The day count for
menstrual cycle begins on the first day of
menstruation when blood starts to come out of the
vagina. The entire duration of a Menstrual Cycle can
be divided into four main phases.
 APPLICATION Activity 4: Mark My Calendar!
(APPLY)

IV - ASSESSMENT Activity 5:
Dear Learner,

Good day!
Welcome to our English subject. In this activity, you will be introduced to different
programs to derive information effectively and make this information meaningful.
Please read, understand, and follow carefully the instructions provided for you. If
you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this activity sheet, do not
hesitate to ask for support from your parents or anyone you think can help you do
the activities. Always bear in mind that YOU ARE NOT ALONE. Most importantly,
be free and creative in doing the activities. I hope you will experience meaningful
learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies amidst the
COVID-19pandemic. Say to yourself with confidence, “I CAN DO IT!” Stay safe!
Stay learning! God bless!

Sincerely,
Your Teacher

LEARNER'S ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

Subject Matter

Activity 1

Activity 2

1
Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 5

2
 SELF-ASSESSMENT

1. Which among the activities is easy for you to understand and perform?
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2. What did you learn when performing the different activities?

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3. How did you able to perform different tasks/activities?

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This LEARNING MATERIALS is developed by the

Learning Resources Material Development Team of Division of City Schools - Marawi
lrmds.mcd@gmail.com
 +63916-680-3943
ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST (AC)
(to be accomplished by a parent or guardian)

3
Name: __________________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________ Quarter & Week:___ _________________
Subject: _________________________________ Date: _______________________________

OBSERVATION

Accomplished

Accomplished

Accomplished
Parent’s /
Guardian’s

Partially

Fully
Bases for Evaluation Remarks

Not
Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 5

Activity 6

Activity 7

Activity 8

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Name and Signature of Parent or Guardian