Please note, this is a complementary aid only, it is not allowed on any exams.

Lift formula; L= CL * ½ρV2 * S

Parasite drag; DP= CDP * ½ ρ V2 *S (Ref area)

Parasite drag variation with speed; DP = V 2

Induced drag; Di= CDi * ½ ρ V2 *S (Ref area)

CDi = (CL2/AR)

Induced drag variation with speed; Di=1/ V 2

Total Drag: DTOT = Di + Dp

Total drag variation with speed (from Vs to VNE); First decreases, then increases

Loadfactor: n = load factor = L / W

In turn; n = 1 / Cos (θ)

In climb and decend: [ n < 1] Due to less lift required.

Stall: Vs = Vs1g * √ (n)

Vs = Vs1g * √ ( new W / old W)

High speed; LSS (Kt) = 39 * √K

LSS (m/s) = 20 * √K
LSS ( Km/h) = 72,2 * √K

Aspect Ratio, AR span / average chord

span² / wing area

Climb: L = W Cos ( γ)
T = D + W Sin ( γ)

Decend: L = W Cos ( γ)
D = W Sin ( γ)

Climb gradient (%) = T excess/(W) Weight is kg*gravity = Newtons!

Thrust excess = T-D = T – ( (W)/(L/D) ) gravity = 9,81m/s^2

Turn Radius; R = V2/ g √(n2 –1) or; R = V2/ g Tan (phi)

Rate of turn; TAS / turn radius or; g * tan (phi) / TAS