CHAPTER 5 DESIGN GUIDELINES

SECTION 5.2 STRUCTURAL

SUBSECTION 5.2.3 NON-BUILDING STRUCTURES

3. Pre-Engineered Canopy Structures Including Shades

a. General: Pre-Engineered Canopy Structures are those that are pre-manufactured for
assembly on any site. While some purchase contracts provide for supply only,
others provide for supply and installation, in the appropriate situation, off-the-shelf
structures may provide a readily available, cost-effective method of shade provision.
b. References and Standards:
1) Saudi Building Code SBC-301-18 – Loads and Force Requirements
2) Saudi Building Code SBC-304-18 – Concrete Structures Requirements
3) Saudi Building Code SBC-305-18 – Masonry Structures Requirements
4) Saudi Building Code SBC-306-18 – Steel Structures Requirements
5) American Society of Civil Engineers – ASCE-7-10 – Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures
6) Guidelines for Shade Planning and Design Grounded
c. Purpose:
1) The purpose of Canopy Structures is to provide maximum protection of the
public from UV rays and weather. Pre-Engineered Canopy Structures (PECS)
provide a cost and effective means to installing schedule, shade, and weather
protection.
d. The following preliminary steps are recommended in developing a Pre-Engineered
Canopy structure design.
1) Shade Audit
2) Opinion of Cost
3) Geotechnical Report
4) Approval of the RC
5) Architectural/Landscape Architecture Layout of Canopy
e. Materials: Canopy materials are to be determined and shown on architectural layout
drawings.
f. Components of Canopy Structures: All superstructure components of the canopy
shall be designed, shipped, and installed by the Pre-Engineered Canopy supplier
including:
1) All member sizes and materials
2) Connections
3) Decking and Waterproofing
4) Engineering
5) Certificates and Warranties
g. Design and Construction:
1) The A/E and/or EPC Contractor is responsible for supplying the following
information:

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 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN GUIDELINES
SECTION 5.2 STRUCTURAL
SUBSECTION 5.2.3 NON-BUILDING STRUCTURES

(a) Design Loads per the SBC-301 including with initial tensile forces for
tensile structures and possible ponding over canopies.
(b) Size, location and materials of proposed canopy structure
(c) Foundation and anchor bolts design of proposed canopy structure
2) The A/E and/or EPC Contractor is responsible to review and approve shop
drawings prior to construction, verify materials and certifications meet required
parameters.
4. Shade Structures
Shade structures shall be designed based on the requirements of the proprietary shade
structure manufacturer, the soil parameters recommended in the GDR, and the wind
speed included in this manual.
5. Water and Wastewater Structures
a. General:
Water and Wastewater structures are required to have the following characteristics:
1) Serviceability.
2) Durability.
3) Limited deflection and cracking in concrete structures
b. References:
1) ACI 350M, Metric Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete
Structures & Commentary.
2) Rectangular Concrete Tanks, Portland Cement Association (1994).
3) Circular tanks without Pre-stressing, Portland Cement Association (1993).
4) Moments and Reactions for Rectangular Plates, US Bureau of Reclamation.
c. Steel Reinforcement:
1) ASTM A775 Epoxy Coated reinforcing bars
2) Minimum Concrete Cover:
(a) Concrete Base = 75 mm.
(b) Concrete Wall = 50 mm.
(c) Stilling Basin = 150 mm.
d. Flotation Criteria (Flotation Stability Criteria for Concrete Hydraulic Structures, US
Army COE).
1) Loading Conditions FS
2) Construction 1.3
3) Normal Operation 1.5
4) Extreme (max. pool) 1.1
e. Crack Reduction:
1) Reinforcement Distribution - use smaller diameter reinforcement and reduce
bar spacing not to exceed 300 mm.

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