Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Schools Division of Passi City
Passi National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
Passi City, Iloilo
Tel. No: 311-5997

SELF

Grade Levels: Grade 11

Core Subject: General Mathematics
Semester: Second Quarter – Week 3

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

In this module, you will learn to:

• (M11GM-Ij-2) solve problems involving logarithmic functions,
equations, and inequalities.

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 Solving Problems
Involving Logarithmic
LESSON 1 Function, Equation, and
Inequalities

What I Need to Know

Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

➢ Solve real life problems involving logarithmic functions, logarithmic equations and
logarithmic inequalities.

What’s In

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 L

In previous discussion, we talk about some real-life situations using logarithmic functions.
To enrich our knowledge about the different applications of logarithmic functions and inequalities
in our daily life, we are going to learn how to solve problems involving logarithmic functions,
logarithmic equations and logarithmic inequalities.

Logarithms are used to model a range of situations that occur in science, economics and
engineering. They are used in isolation or in combination with other functions. For example,
In mechanical technology, belt friction in a pulley system is modelled by ,
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where T are the large and small tensions in the rope on the pulley,  is the angle of wrap of the
rope around the pulley and  is the coefficient of friction.
In chemistry, time of reaction (t) and concentration of a substance (x) are related by the

equation, , where the k values are all constants.

In economics the growth of an economy could be represented by the formula, ,

where t is time and x the value in dollars.

Problems Involving Logarithmic Function, Logarithmic

Equations, and Logarithmic Inequalities

Example 1: The Richter scale r, used in measuring the magnitude of an earthquake, is defined by
the formula
𝟐 𝑰
𝒓= 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑰
𝟑 𝒐

Where I is the intensity of an earthquake and Io is the standard intensity which is

approximately 104.40.
a. What is the magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake which is 1,000 times
as intense as the standard one?
b. How many times as intense as the standard one is an earthquake with magnitude
5 on the Richter scale?
Solution:
a. The earthquake is 1,000 times the standard intensity, that is I = 1,000(Io). therefore, the
magnitude r of the earthquake is
2 𝐼
𝑟= log 𝐼
3 𝑜

2 1,000𝐼𝑜
𝑟= log
3 𝐼𝑜
The magnitude on the
Richter scale of the 2 2
𝑟= log 1,000 = 3 (3) = 2
earthquake is 2 3

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 b. Let m = magnitude on the Richter scale.
Given: r = 5
2 𝐼
𝑟= log
3 𝐼𝑜
2 (𝑚)(𝐼𝑜 )
5= log
3 𝐼𝑜
The intensity of
3
5(2) = log m the earthquake is
2 compared to the
m = antilog 7.5 standard one is
31,622,776.
m = 31,622,776

Example 2: The intensity of a sound in decibels or commonly known as loudness is given by the
formula
𝑰
d = 10 log𝑰
𝟎

where I is the intensity of the sound being measured, and Io is the intensity of a
standard sound or the sound that can barely heard which is approximately 10-12.
a. Find the rating of a normal voice which is 12,000 times as intense as the standard
one.
b. A normal human hearing can be damaged or lost due to prolonged exposure to
sound with intensity above 85 decibels. A person who is exposed to a prolonged
firecracker launch with average intensity of 2.5 x 1013 times as intense as the
standard will experience harm or a damaged hearing.
Solution: a. The normal voice is 12,000 times as intense as the standard intensity, that is I =
12,000(Io). Therefore, the rating d of the normal voice is
𝐼
d = 10 log𝐼
0

12,000𝐼𝑜 The rating of the normal

d = 10 log 𝐼0 voice is approximately 41
decibels.
d = 10 (log 12,000)
d = 10 (4.0792) = 40. 492
a. The intensity of sound produced in a firecracker launching area is 2.5 x 10 13. Times as
intense as the standard one, that is, I = (2.5 x 1013)(Io). Thus,

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 (2.5 𝑥 1013 )𝐼𝑜
d = 10 log 𝐼0

d = 10 log2.5 𝑥 1013
d = 10 (13.3979)
d = 133. 979
The firecracker launch can create a noise level approximately 134 decibels, way
above the normal limit of 85 decibels. Therefore, a person should avoid such area, or
use protective gear in the duration of his or her stay in the area.

Example 3: The acidity (or alkalinity) A of a chemical substance is determined by the relation
A = -log[𝐻+ ]
where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ion in moles per liter. The table of [H+]
value is used as guide to determine whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral.
Hydrogen ion concentration A (in moles per liter) Classification
A<7 Acidic
A=7 Neutral
A>7 Basic

a. The [H+] value of a Benguet grown apple is 0.0003. Find the value of hydrogen
ion concentration of the apple and determine its acidity or alkalinity.
Solution:
a. Using the formula: A = -log [H+]
A = -log ( 0.0003)
A = 3.5229
The value of hydrogen ion concentration of apple is approximately 3.5 which is
likely to be acidic.

Assessment (Problem Solving)

Instruction: Write your complete solution and answer in an intermediate
paper and submit in school on the day of submission of outputs.
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Problem 1: One of the deadliest natural phenomena on earth is an earthquake. High intensity
earthquakes remarkably destroy a lot of infrastructures, livelihoods and even claim
lives. Some of the unforgettable earthquakes happened in Visayas are the 2013
earthquake in Bohol and Cebu with a magnitude of 7.2 on a Richter scale and the
2012 earthquake that occur in Negros Oriental in which the magnitude on a Richter
scale is 1 x 1015 times as intense as the standard one.
a. How many times as intense as the standard one is an earthquake in Bohol and
Cebu?
b. What is the magnitude on the Richter scale of an earthquake in Negros Oriental?

Problem 2: If the decibel rating of hard metal rock music is approximately 120 decibels,
compare its intensity to standard intensity.

Problem 3: The value of [H+] of ammonia is 1.3 x 10-9 moles per liter. Find the value of hydrogen
ion concentration of ammonia and determine its acidity or alkalinity.

Online connect!

For additional knowledge, discussions and information about the topics please visit
the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwxvDVaH06I

For questions or clarifications, you may call or send text messages to your
teachers from Monday to Friday, 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

References:
DepEd (2016), General Mathematics Learner’s Material, pp. 111 -124.
Orines, Fernando, Next Century Mathematics, General Mathematics, pp. 50 – 55.

Prepared by:
JOVIC G. RULLEPA
SST – III, PNHS SHS
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Checked by:
JANALVE P. PECATE
ABM/Math Subject Group Head

Noted:
ROSAPHE B. SUSTEVERIO
Asst. Principal III for Academics, SHS

Approved:
REY P. DEATRAS, PhD
Principal IV