PROCESS QUESTIONS (page 6)

1. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using broad and inclusive

definitions of globalization?

- Both type of views have their advantages and disadvantages in a globalized

world. A broad view and inclusive definition can see from a more perspective point of

reference when it comes to how we all became connected to each other. It has the

advantage of creating worldwide movement towards liberalization, privatization and

globalization is one important force that drives global integration. Brought us into the

world of Technology, Where Technology is a powerful, stateless and universal factor

that crosses national and cultural boundaries. Brought about revolutions in the field

of transportation and communication have been able to reduce both time and cost

barriers; making global business easier. Inclusive globalization will increase global

strategy for competitive battles on a global scale. However, it does not shed light on

the implications of globalization due to its vagueness and it does have the potential

to neglect its own contents of certain times of being complex.

1. (b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of narrow and exclusive

globalization?

a. - A narrow and exclusive definition of globalization focuses on

one spot, particularly its own. Advantages of it is: Increase in

employment opportunities. Easier for people to move across borders to

different parts of the world to acquire better education. Faster flow of

information. Increase in quality of goods and services. Since it has a very

 limited point of view because of the lack of reference. It fails to

recognize the role of other parties as a potential partner.

2. What do you think is the importance of defining globalization?

Defining globalization can enlighten people what is contemporary world

all about. Since globalization affect every aspect of our life, it is important to

know what is globalization as a concept, making ourselves more aware of our

roles, of what we can contribute, what we can do in this world that is driven by

change.

3. Do you agree with the idea that the contemporary world is characterized by

high liquidity? Why or why not?

Yes, I agree that contemporary world is characterized by high liquidity.

For example, the flow or exchange of ideas moves faster than before. A product

of globalization, the Internet, helps the modern world to

exchange/communicate ideas and information easily. I also think that by “high

liquidity” means “change is permanent”. There is no assertion here about

discontinuity, randomness, or complete absence of "structure". Indeed, the

quotation explicitly allows that there are structures -- which implies that they

persist over some period of time; and it observes, reasonably enough, that

structures change and extinguish.

Activity: The World Made Closer

1. a. Enumerate at least three of the most recent songs you have listened. Where

did they originate? Identify the nationality of the writer and/or artist for each

music.

1. As long as you’re asleep

2. Frozen

3. Belong to you

All of the music that was enumerated is songs of Sabrina Claudio, an

American Singer and songwriter.

b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?

- My Android Smartphone

c. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the company based?

- Made by Samsung Company a South Korean multinational

conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea.

d. How did you access this music? Did you Purchase them online or listen to

them through Youtube, Spotify, and other music channels?

- I streamed thru Youtube and downloaded it using youtube to mp3

downloader.
2. Using a visual representation, create your generalizations and discuss: What is

globalization? How would you define globalization?

Globalization

is internationalization. "G

lobal" is described as

cross-border relations

between countries, and

"globalization" incomes a growth of international exchange and

interdependence. "Globalization" is found in enlarged movements between

countries of people, money, investments, diseases, pollutants, messages, ideas

etc. Globalization is universalization. Globalization-as-universalization is viewed

as standardization and homogenization with worldwide cultural, economic, legal

and political convergence.

3. What metaphors are you going to use in order to improve your own definition of

globalization? Enumerate at least three and explain one of them.

1. Powerful New medicine

“Globalization is like a powerful new medicine, one that offers immense

possible benefits but must be used with caution because of the possible side

effects." ( Maurice Obstfelt).

2. Giant wave

"Globalisation is like a giant wave, that can either capsize nations or carry

them forward." ( Joseph Stiglitz)

3. Snow avalanche

"Globalization is like being overwhelmed by a snow avalanche. You can't

stop it you can only swim in the snow and hope to stay on top." (Mike

Collins).
PROCESS QUESTIONS ( page 15 )

1. Are societies in the world becoming similar (homogenous) or more different

(heterogeneous)?

The world as a whole may becoming similar(homogenous) in a sense that ideas and

concept are directed to one goal. For example, we are breaking gender roles. Women are

perceived before as weakling or inferior to men that they cannot enter/join greater

platforms, but now they can even enter politics and have a platform equal to those men

have. Communication with other people were made easier thanks to the Internet where

people are more open and free to express their selves to the world, making people more

aware and updated to different societal values and those values influence other people and

they tend to do these things which makes the society more similar. But in terms of culture,

It’s a hard debate to decide whether or not the world is becoming culturally homogeneous

or more culturally diversified. After reading numerous articles and hearing different opinions

on the subject, I have come to one conclusion: that the world as a whole is becoming more

culturally homogeneous, but the individual is becoming more culturally diverse. Now, people

probably know more about other cultures than ever before. People in general around the

world are becoming more culturally aware. Western society can begin to understand why

Koreans and other Asian cultures take their shoes off when entering a building. American

music plays across the globe, while at the same time I may listen to a CD of Peruvian songs.

English is dominating the world and the internet, and smaller groups are losing their

heritage, but other cultures are being formed while society blends. To me, the most

interesting thing about it all is that people are becoming more interested in other cultures.

The majority of people become fascinated with other cultures. We are teaching each other
ways to look at the world. Tyler Cowen says "dominant cultures, such as the United States,

have an advantage in exporting their values and shaping the preferences of other nations...

[but] will not be purely American in any narrow sense" (340). He mentions how American

cinema has been shaped by foreigners and that the U.S. tries to "globally sell" it's culture.

Every person and every culture will take what it wants to take from cultural globalization.

Just how one story can have a hundred interpretations, so do cultures. The world may be

becoming more culturally homogeneous but at the same time it is learning more about the

diversity that exists and still persists throughout.

2. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of homogenization of

culture? How about heterogenization?

Advantages of Homogenization

1. Easier and likely better quality communication (although arguably difference

forces one to examine one’s own culture more carefully , and may actually

enhance how well you communicate it's values ).

2. More global cooperation due to shared understanding of the world, shared

goals, shared methodologies of achieving these. Arguably global cooperation

requires a degree of similarity, values are shared in similar cultures.

3. Larger market for content (music, television etc) which is appealing to common

interests and fads. Economies of scale achieved. More choice for consumers.

4. More predictability of others actions.

 Disadvantages of Homogenization

1. Less diversity of ideas. Different cultures are powerful experiments in seeing

how else a society could work and provide examples to challenge existing norms

and status quo. They provide inspiration for changes within any given culture.

2. Less ability to escape one’s own culture if you don't like it.

3. Blandness in uniformity. Most of us are fascinated to understand how a totally

different system works.

4. There may be some aspect of “specialisation” that comes out of having different

cultures. So there could be a net economic loss from this factor in isolation.

Advantages of Heterogenization

1. Increase of learning opportunities

2. Broad-Mindedness

3. Enhance cultural diversity

Disadvantage of Heterogenization

1. Misunderstanding of people.

3 . Which of the aforementioned views on the history of globalization you find most

appealing? Why?

Globalization “goes back to when humans first put a boat into the sea” because

I think this phrase represents a significant characteristic of globalization, and that is to

unify/connect. I will interpret the boat as way to interact with other people. Through

this boat, people can cross seas, arrive at different place, meet new people and interact

with them. This happens ‘til now, we find ways to exchange ideas and interact with one

another.
Activity: What do Writers Think about Globalization?

Does Globalization Destroy Culture? – OpEd by Joseph Sunde

( Narrow and exclusive )

The OpEd talks about how globalization is affecting cultures. The writer emphasizes

that even if we grant that grant that global competitive markets create prosperity, is it worth

the fast food chains and the big box chains we see everywhere we go?” he also talks about

sense of vulgarity and bringing things to the lowest common denominator? And perhaps the

most important, does globalization destroy local culture?

The threats to culture are real and pronounced. It is undeniable that

globalization can and has and will diminish or destroy certain cultures, traditions, and

enterprises. Yet it remind us in, we are not powerless in our response, whether as creators

or consumers. Indeed, globalization also presents a tremendous opportunity for cultural

diversity.

Globalisation may actually be better for the environment – OpEd by Experts Sylvanus

Kwaku Afesorgbor and Binyam Afewerk Demena (Broad and inclusive)

The increasing pace of globalisation and how it affects the environment has been a

major global concern. There are many who strongly believe that increased globalisation has

been harmful to the environment. A large number of environmentalists who support this

view base their arguments on the premise that globalisation leads to an increase in global

demand, resulting in increased production. This indirectly contributes to the exploitation of

the environment and the depletion of natural resources. So the question, If globalization is

harmful for the environment, does de-globalization would result to an opposite impact to

the environment?
 But the discussion ends with the conclusion that de-globalization isolates countries,

making them less likely to be responsible for the environment. The gains associated with

globalisation, on the other hand, can be used as effective bargaining strategies or an

incentive to demand environmental accountability from countries hoping to benefit from

global trading systems.

The reality of Globalization – Philippine Star 11/04/17 by Elfren Cruz ( Broad and inclusive)

The issue on whether globalization is ultimately beneficial or harmful to the average

citizen of the world is clearly still a much publicly debated issue. The historical champions of

open markets – United States and United Kingdom – are now increasingly hotbeds for

proponents of protectionism. On the other hand, China which used to be a highly protected

economy is now championing globalization.

Perceptions about globalization will remain mixed because its effects will continue to

be mixed. Globalization and technological change will enhance the economies of scale that

will result in more geographic concentration of wealth and talent. The Alibabas and Amazons

will increase their dominance in the service industries which will further decimate locally

based businesses.

A recent issue of the Economist magazine has apparently accepted the fact that

globalization may have benefited certain sectors and regions, but has left behind large

segments of society, in an article entitled “ Left Behind: How to Help the Places Left Behind

by Globalization.” There are those who will insist that the exponential growth of

technological change makes globalization inevitable. Perhaps that is true, but the process of

change will be a costly and chaotic period. This is what history teaches us. The Industrial
Revolution gave birth to the class wars and Marxist revolutions of the 20th century. The

economic and social changes resulted in the rise of populist leaders and dictators that led to

two World Wars and a Cold War.

PROCESS QUESTIONS (page21)

1. What do you think is the effect of a high dependency ratio in developing countries?

In developing countries?

A higher dependency ratio is likely to reduce productivity growth. A growth in

the non-productive population will diminish productive capacity and could lead to a

lower long-run trend rate of economic growth. If the government fails to tackle

issues relating to a higher dependency ratio, there could be increased pressures

placed on government finances, leading to higher borrowing or higher taxes which

also reduce economic growth. And this is applicable to both developed and

developing nations.

2. Is the heightened flow of people a unique feature of the current global era?

People today move for various reasons like work, leisure, tours, looking for a

partner like what western men do, shopping and many others. So YES, the current

global era with its many ways of traveling has created a heightened flow of people

around the world.

3. Has globalization facilitated or obstructed greater labor migration?

Globalization is the exchange of goods and services between national

economies and is made more accessible by developments in communication and

technology. As technology is set to become more advanced in our digital age,

globalization will certainly facilitate greater labor migration.

Activity: Ang Mundo sa Mata ng Isang OFW

2.1 How long have you stayed abroad?

-I stayed in abroad ( in Saudi Arabia ) for a decade, 2006-2016.

2.2 What are the purposes for your stay there?

-I worked there as a factory worker to support my family. I hoped that going

abroad will make me earn more compared than working here in the Philippines.

2.3 What were your most unforgettable experiences there? How will you describe them,

good or bad?

-I had a bad one and a good one. I accidentally touched a ground wire once,

and it caused me some burns in the skin. Thankfully nothing grave happened as a

consequence. As for the good one, I got promoted and became an electrician of the

factory where I’m working for. It was an amazing feeling because I felt that my hard

work paid off.

2.4 How will you compare the Philippines with other countries?

-If I have to compare Philippines and Saudi Arabia, I think the latter is more

advanced economically and industrially. In Saudi you receive more salary as a factory

worker compared here in the Philippines. The technology are more advanced also in

Saudi. Though in terms of cuisine and culture, I still like Philippines is better. And here

in Philippines is where my family is, so it is still better in here.

2.5 Do you want to go back around or to other countries in the future? Why or why not?
 -I’m already contented with my life in here. My earnings from farming and

proceeds from our sari-sari store is enough to cater our needs. Maybe I’ll go to

other country/ies, but maybe as a tourist hopefully.

Insights

From what I see, many Filipinos try their luck by going to abroad in hope for a

better income and better future for their families. Most of them go abroad with a heavy

feeling because they are left with no choice as they say. They sacrifice to be away with their

loved ones because these OFW’s want their families to have a better life. Some have better

luck compared to others, but that’s the consequence of their risk in leaving their homeland

with no certainty of what is ahead of them. Nevertheless, these OFW’s can be considered as

modern heroes in their own way because to be an OFW you must have must have

determination, courage, a risk-taking attitude and a heart of gold that is why they are called

heroes. They go beyond their call of duty to help not only their families but also other

people who are in need. Their sacrifices and efforts are truly beyond greatness.