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SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 1
Describing Motion
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Science – Grade 7
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Third Quarter – Module 1: Describing Motion
First Edition, 2020
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7
Science
Third Quarter – Module 1
Describing Motion
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from
public schools. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education - Region 10
at region10@ deped.gov.ph.
Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.
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Introductory Message
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish great or new things. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
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a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
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At the end of this module you will also find:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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Table of Contents
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What I Need to Know
Many of the things around us move. Some move slowly like turtles and
clouds, others move more quickly like the satellites. Motion is so common and it
seems to be very simple. Describing motion actually requires careful use of scientific
definitions.
This module provides you with scientific knowledge and skills necessary to
describe motion along a straight path. You will learn to describe the motion of objects
in terms of position and distance travelled with respect to time. You will also learn to
interpret the motion of objects using illustrations.
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Science activity
notebook.
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7. From home, Dong walked 300 m East to visit Inday. Both Dong and Inday
walked another 400 m North and 300 m West. Which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Dong went home.
B. Dong travelled a total distance of 1,000 m.
C. Dong’s displacement is zero if they continue to travel 400 m South.
D. Dong’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has travelled.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II and III
I. The distance travelled by an object can be equaled to its
9. This refers to the rate of change in velocity of an object.
displacement.
A. Acceleration B. Motion
II. The displacement C.can
of a moving object Speed D.than
be greater Velocity
its
10. Two boysdistance
walked travelled.
a 200-meter distance path. It takes 5 minutes for Boy A to
III. The displacement of a moving object is lesser than its distance
finish while 10 minutes for Boy B. How do you compare their speed?
travelled.
A. Boy B is faster than Boy A C. They have the same speed
B. Boy A is slower than Boy B D. Boy A is twice faster than Boy B
11. Which of the following statements is correct about an object moving in a
constant motion?
A. I, II,
I. III It moves with
B. I,unchanging
II, IV speed.C. I, III, IV D. II, III, IV
12. WhichII.
of theItfollowing
moves with
is the
a changing
unit of acceleration?
velocity.
A. m/hIII. Its locationB.and arrival is easy to C.
m/mi predict.
m/s D. m/s2
IV. Its instantaneous speed values are always the same.
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13. Which of the following situations show that the object is accelerating?
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Lesson
Distance and Displacement
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About two centuries ago, people used animals like horses and donkeys to
transport people and goods. In 1860, the internal combustion engine was developed
by Nicolaus Otto that led the way to the invention of motor cars, trains, ships,
airplanes and jets which enabled people to travel faster. All of these involved motion.
What’s In
Activity 1: Sketch It
Directions: Copy figure 1 completely in a graphing paper. Consider the center of
your graphing paper as the reference point. Sketch the four vector quantities
in one graphing paper following the given example. Paste your graphing
paper in your Science activity notebook.
North
Example:
6 meters East
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
South
Figure 1. Graph
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What’s New
Motion is the change in position with respect to the reference point. An object
is said to be moving when it has traveled a certain distance or displaced from a point
of reference. Describing the point of reference and its direction will be learned by
performing activity 2.
SCHOOL
HOME
What Is It
Motion is the change in position for a particular time interval. If a body has
changed its position, we can say that it has moved with respect to its original position.
Thus, the original position serves as the reference point.
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An object may be moving with respect to another reference. For example,
when you are inside a bus, you are not moving with respect to the other passengers,
but you are moving with respect to the ground.
Motion can be described by measuring the total length of the path travelled by
the object, and by measuring the distance between the initial position and final
position of the
object.
Example:
A car ran 100 meters from
point A to point B, then 50 meters
from point B to point C, and
another 100 meters from point C to
Figure 3: Distance travelled
point D. See Figure 3 and 4.
To solve the total length of path travelled you can simply add the length of
path from point A to B, B to C and C to D.
Total length of path = length A to B + length B to C + length C to D.
= 100 meters + 50 meters + 100 meters
Total length of path = 250 meters
The length of the entire path that the object travelled is referred to as
distance. Based on the example above, the total length of path is equal to 250
meters. This means that the distance travelled by the car is equal to 250 meters.
Displacement is the shortest
distance between the object’s initial
and final positions as shown in Figure
4.
To solve the displacement of
the car, simply subtract the final
position by the initial position.
Figure 4. Displacement
Displacement = Final position – Initial position
= 50 meters – 0
Displacement = 50 meters
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What’s More
Activity 3: My Travel
Directions: Trace the distance and displacement using the figure below.
Answer the following questions in your Science activity notebook.
Situation:
You are told to buy some foods in the market. You walked 12 m East from
home, 12 m North, 6 m West, 6 m South, 6 m West, and finally, 8 m North to reach
the market.
Figure 5. Road Map
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Lesson
Speed and Velocity
2
What’s In
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What’s New
Just yesterday John and Mary were given assignments to record the
measured distance and time spent in walking from their home to the
school.
John’s home is 400 meters while Mary is 200 meters away
from the school. It took 400 seconds for John while Mary needed 200
seconds to reach the school.
200 m
400 m
Figure 6. Distance from Home to School
What is it?
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = ; in symbols, 𝑣=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
We can express speed in terms of miles per hour (mi/h), kilometers per hour
(km/h), or meters per second (m/s).
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Examples:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑣=𝑡 𝑣=𝑡
200 𝑚 400 𝑚
𝑣 = 200 𝑠 𝑣 = 400 𝑠
𝒗 = 𝟏𝒎/𝒔 𝒗 = 𝟏𝒎/𝒔
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑⃑
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ; in symbols, 𝑣⃑ =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
As shown in Figure 7a, the total distance from home to school is 3.0 km while
the displacement is 2.0 km, East as shown in Figure 7b.
Suppose you take 0.5 hour to travel from home to school, use the
information in Figure 7a and 7b to solve for your average speed and velocity.
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Solving for average speed: Solving for average velocity:
Given: Given:
d = 3.0 km t = 0.5 h 𝑑⃑ = 2.0 km t = 0.5 h
Asked: Asked:
𝑣 =? 𝑣⃑ = ?
Formula: Formula:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Solution: Solution:
𝑑 𝑑⃑
𝑣=𝑡 𝑣⃑ = 𝑡
3.0 𝑘𝑚 2.0 𝑘𝑚, 𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑣=
0.5 ℎ 𝑣⃑
0.5 ℎ
=
𝒗 = 𝟔. 𝟎 ⃑𝒗⃑ = 𝟒. 𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉,
𝒌𝒎/𝒉 East
A change in velocity happens when there is a change in:
Average and Instantaneous
A. Magnitude (speed) Speed
Average speed is60
Example: thekm/h,
total North
distance travelled
to 40 divided by the total time of travel.
km/h, North
Instantaneous speedofismotion
B. Direction the speed at an instant
in time. Example: 60 km/h, North to 60 km/h, South
C.A Both
vehicle has a speedometer
magnitude and direction that tells you the
speed at that Example:
instant or60atkm/h,
that moment in km/h,
North to 40 time. South
As the
vehicle travels along a busy street, you will notice that
the speedometer may read 30 km/h. It may change Figure 8. Speedometer
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speed to 65 km/h as it passes an open free highway and zero when it stops. During the
entire trip, the vehicle travels at different speed.
What’s More
You decided to have a morning jog to keep your body fit. You jog 100 m East
in 150 s, made a left turn and jog 150 m in 180 s, and finally made another left turn
for 100 m in 90 s.
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Lesson
Acceleration
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In this lesson, you will learn to describe the motion of an object in which velocity
changes in magnitude, direction, or both.
What’s In
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What’s New
00:00 00:01 s
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What Is It
Vehicles rarely move at constant speed but oftentimes they changed speed.
Consider the figure below.
00:0000:01 s00:02 s00:03 s00:04 s
⃑𝒗⃑𝒇 − ⃑𝒗⃑𝒊
⃑𝒂⃑ =
𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊
Change in velocity is the difference between the final velocity (v f) and the
initial velocity (vi). Change in time is the difference between the final time (tf) and the
initial time (ti).
Average acceleration refers to the total change in velocity divided by the
total time taken for the change. Since the unit of velocity is meter per second (m/s),
acceleration is expressed in meter per second per second (m/s/s). Oftentimes, the unit
of acceleration is written as m/s2.
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Based on Figure 10, the car’s average acceleration is
𝑣⃑𝑓 − 𝑣⃑𝑖
𝑎⃑ =
𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖
50 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ−0 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ
𝑎⃑ = 4 𝑠−0 𝑠
50𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ
𝑎⃑ = 4𝑠
1000 𝑚
(50𝑘𝑚⁄ )
1ℎ
)
( )(
𝑎⃑ = ℎ 1 3600 𝑠
4𝑠
13.9 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎⃑ = 4𝑠
⃑𝒂⃑ = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
Example:
A passenger vehicle with a speed of 20 m/s slowed down to 10 m/s in 10
seconds. What is its acceleration?
Given: vi = 20 m/s vf = 10 m/s ∆t = 10 s
Solutions:
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What’s More
Problem: A racehorse coming out from the gate accelerates from rest to a
velocity of 15 m/s West in 3 seconds. What is its acceleration?
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the correct word/s
from the box. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.
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.
What I Can Do
Directions: Copy and complete the table by solving the missing values of the
quantities. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.
1 10 20 2
2 20 70 5
3 50 30 10
4 15 30 3
5 12 12 2
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Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Science
activity notebook.
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7. From home, Dong walked 300 m East to visit Inday. Both Dong and Inday
walked another 400 m North and 300 m West. Which of the following
statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Dong went home.
B. Dong travelled a total distance of 1,000 m.
C. Dong’s displacement is zero if they continue to travel 400 m South.
D. Dong’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has travelled.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II and III
I. The distance travelled by an object can be equaled to its
9. This refers to the rate of change in velocity of an object.
displacement.
A. Acceleration B. Motion
II. The displacement C.can
of a moving object Speed D.than
be greater Velocity
its
10. Two boysdistance
walked travelled.
a 200-meter distance path. It takes 5 minutes for Boy A to
III. The displacement of a moving object is lesser than its distance
finish while 10 minutes for Boy B. How do you compare their speed?
travelled.
A. Boy B is faster than Boy A C. They have the same speed
B. Boy A is slower than Boy B D. Boy A is twice faster than Boy B
11. Which of the following statements is correct about an object moving in a
constant motion?
A. I, II,
I. III It moves with
B. I,unchanging
II, IV speed.C. I, III, IV D. II, III, IV
12. WhichII.
of theItfollowing
moves with
is the
a changing
unit of acceleration?
velocity.
A. m/hIII. Its locationB.and arrival is easy to C.
m/mi predict.
m/s D. m/s2
IV. Its instantaneous speed values are always the same.
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13. Which of the following situations show that the object is accelerating?
A. I I.
and II B. I and
A truck changing III
directions C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV
14. The table
II. shows the velocity
A car speeding of athe
up in carway
high per unit time.
Time (hour) 0 1 2 3 4 5
III. A moving motorcycle comes to stop
Velocity (kilometer per hour) 0 20 20 60 80 0
IV. A rolling ball moving with a uniform speed
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The car is decelerating between 4-5 hours.
B. The car is accelerating between 1-2 hours.
C. The car returns to its original position after 5 hours.
D. The acceleration of the car from 2-3 hours and 3-4 hours are the same.
15. Refers to acceleration where a moving object slows down before it stops.
A. Average acceleration C. Deceleration
B. Constant acceleration D. Instantaneous acceleration
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Additional Activity
Initial Position
B
A
C
D Final Position
Figure 11. Diagram of the Skateboarder
100 m 3 min
A D 3 min
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Answer Key
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References
Books
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asuncion, Alvie J. et. al. Science- Grade 7 Learner’s Material. FEP Printing
Corporation. Pasig City, 2017.
Bentillo, Eulalia N., et. al, National Institute for Science and Mathematics Department of
Padua, Alicia L., and Ricardo M. Crisostomo. Science and Technology Series:
Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach. Vibal Publishing
House, Inc.: Metro Manila, 2003.
Links/Websites
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“Average Speed & Velocity: Lesson for Kids.” Study.com. n.d.
https://study.com/academy/practice/average-speed-velocity-quiz-
worksheet-for-kids.html. Accessed June 3, 2020.
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Elert, Gleen, The Physics Hypertextbook, http:///www.physics.info/displacement,
1998
Priya, Daniel W., What is the Difference Between Distance and Displacement,
http:///www.socratic.org.com., 2014
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