Torque Tables Page 1 of 11

METAL/SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS

Engineering Data/FAQs

Torque Tables
These tables were developed to be used with Garlock spiral
wound gaskets. They are to be used only as a general guide. They
should not be considered to contain absolute values due to the
large number of uncontrollable variables involved with bolted
joints. If there is doubt as to the proper torque value to use, we
suggest that the maximum value be used.

All bolt torque values are based upon the use of new nuts (ASTM
A194, GR 2H) and new bolts (ASTM A193, GR B7) of proper
design, acceptable quality and approved materials of construction
as well as metallurgy. It is also required that two hardened steel
washers be used under the head of each nut and that a non-
metallic based lubricant (i.e. oil and graphite) be used on the nuts,
bolts and washers.

The flanges are assumed to be in good condition and in

compliance with ASME B16.5 specifications. Special attention
should be given to seating surface finish and flatness. See
"Recommended Flange Finish".

Only torque wrenches that have been calibrated should be used.

The proper bolt tightening pattern must be followed with the
desired ultimate torque value arrived at in a minimum of three
equal increments. All bolts in the flange should then be checked
in consecutive order in a counterclockwise direction. See "Gasket
Installation".

The contact dimensions listed are taken from the ID and OD of

the windings, which are different from the ASME ring gasket
dimensions.

No provisions have been made in these tables to account for

vibration effects on the bolts. These tables are are based on
ambient conditions, without compensation for elevated
temperatures. If conditions different from these exist, we suggest
that further analysis be performed to determine the appropriate
torque values.

Torque Tables
For Spiral Wound Gaskets, ASME B16.5
Class 150
Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

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Torque Tables Page 2 of 11

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10

Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 5 6.13 7.19 9.19 11.31
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.53 1.67 2.39 3.01 3.50 5.15 7.47 9.02 12.88 18.25 22.21
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 12
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.88
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60 60 60 60 60 120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 7560 7560 7560 7560 12120 12120 12120 12120 18120 18120 18120 25140 25140
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38503 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 9406 10000 10000 10000 7945 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per 16 22 30 33 47 74 87 120 92 124 178 200 236
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 26712 19713 18119 12637 16125 13861 9406 12974 16071 11253 7945 13584
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 60 60 60 60 120 120 120 120 200 200 200 320
(ft lb)

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Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 300

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 5 6.13 7.19 9.19 11.31
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 1.67 2.38 3.03 3.53 5.15 7.52 8.97 12.85 18.28 22.24
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.88 1
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60 120 120 120 200 120 200 200 200 200 200 320 490
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 18120 18120 18120 25140 33060 43680
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per 16 28 38 41 66 38 49 71 104 124 118 194 206
Bolt (ft
lb)

Max.
Gsk.

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Comp.
Recomm.
30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 19287 16166 16925 16502 23782 23102
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 84 115 120 197 113 146 200 200 200 200 320 490
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 400

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.88 10.81 12.88 14.25 16.25 18.5 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5 14.75 16 18.25 20.75 22.75 27
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92 40.56 41.56 54.17 69.33 76.39 91.40
(Sq. in.)
No. of
8 8 12 12 16 16 20 20 24 24 24
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.88 0.88 0.88 1 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.38 1.38 1.5 1.75
(inches)
Max. Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 320 320 320 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1360 1600 3000
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 25140 25140 25140 33060 43680 55740 55740 69300 69300 84300 118800
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Available 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485 31194
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
(psi)
Minimum
Torque per 150 190 173 280 314 455 373 531 567 604 962
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp. Recomm. 21329 16807 18540 17493 22600 21988 26826 25588 23991 26485 3000
Avail. (psi)

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Prefer'd
Torque 320 320 320 490 710 1000 1000 1360 1360 1600 2885
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 600

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.88 2.13 2.75 3.25 4 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.88 10.81
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.38 12.5
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 1.67 2.38 3.03 3.53 5.15 9.43 11.97 16.27 22.68 30.92
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 16
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.5 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.75 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.88 1 1 1.13 1.25
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 60 120 120 120 200 120 200 200 320 490 490 710 1000
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 7560 12120 12120 12120 18120 12120 18120 18120 25140 33060 33060 43680 55740 55740
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 38522 43079 31319 28994 30517 31983 41110 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)

Minimum
Torque 16 28 38 41 66 38 49 71 150 222 201 307 347
per

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Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 28994 30000 30000 30000 28139 21329 22102 24381 23112 28840 27486
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 47 84 115 120 197 113 146 200 320 490 490 710 1000
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 900

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
Gsk. ID
Contact 3.75 4.75 5.81 6.88 8.75 10.88 12.75 14 16.25 18.25 20.5 24.75
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25 14.5 15.75 18 20.5 22.5 26.75
(inches)
Gsk. Area
Contact 6.67 9.43 11.97 16.27 20.45 24.88 37.43 40.87 47.05 68.44 67.51 80.86
(Sq. in.)
No. of
8 8 8 12 12 16 20 20 20 20 20 20
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.88 1.13 1.25 1.13 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.5 1.63 1.88 2 2.5
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
320 710 1000 710 1360 1360 1360 1600 2200 4000 4400 8800
@ 60 ksi
Bolt Stress
(ft lb)
Comp. per
Bolt @ 60K 25140 43680 55740 43680 69300 69300 69300 84300 100800 138240 159120 257520
(ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
30142 37059 37264 32213 40660 44575 37024 41254 42847 40396 47140 63699
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)

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Minimum
Torque per 106 192 268 220 334 305 367 388 513 990 933 1381
Bolt (ft lb)
Max. Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Recomm.
Avail. (psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 318 575 805 661 1003 915 1102 1164 1540 2971 2800 4144
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 1500

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63 5.63 6.75 8.5 10.5
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 31.25
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88 1 0.88 1 1.13 1.25 1.5 1.38 1.63 1.88
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 200 200 320 320 490 320 490 710 1000 1600 1360 2200 4000
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)
Comp.
per
Bolt @ 18120 18120 25140 25140 33060 25140 33060 43680 55740 84300 69300 100800 138240
60K
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 92331 64405 64964 39650 41821 42081 44971 47429 43239 49651 47083 50742 53079
Available
(psi)

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Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per 22 31 49 81 117 76 109 150 231 322 289 434 754
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 65 93 148 242 351 228 327 449 694 967 867 1301 2261
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Class 2500

Nom. Pipe Size (inches)

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10
Gsk. ID
Contact 0.75 1 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.31 2.75 3.63 4.63 5.63 6.75 8.5 10.63
(inches)
Gsk. OD
Contact 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.38 2.75 3.38 3.88 4.75 5.88 7 8.25 10.13 12.25
(inches)
Gsk.
Area
0.79 1.13 1.55 2.54 3.16 4.78 5.88 7.37 10.31 13.58 17.66 23.84 29.10
Contact
(Sq. in.)
No. of
4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12
Bolts
Size of
Bolts 0.75 0.75 0.88 1 1.13 1 1.13 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2 2.5
(inches)
Max.
Torque
per Bolts
@ 60 ksi 200 200 320 490 710 490 710 1000 1600 3000 4400 4400 8800
Bolt
Stress
(ft lb)

Comp.
per

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Bolt @
60K 18120 18120 25140 33060 43680 33060 43680 55740 84300 118800 159120 159120 257520
(ft lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp. 92331 64405 64964 52141 55255 55338 59417 60524 65394 69970 72071 80101 106207
Available
(psi)
Min. Gsk.
Comp.
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
Recomm.
(psi)
Minimum
Torque
per 22 31 49 94 128 89 119 165 245 429 611 549 829
Bolt (ft
lb)
Max.
Gsk.
Comp.
30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000 30000
Recomm.
Avail.
(psi)
Prefer'd
Torque 65 93 148 282 385 266 358 496 734 1286 1832 1648 2486
(ft lb)

Tables are based on the use of bolts with a yield strength of 100,000 psi.

Torque to Stress Bolts

The torque required to produce a certain stress in bolting is dependent on several conditions,
including:

Diameter and number of threads on bolt

Condition of nut bearing surfaces

Lubrication of bolt threads and nut bearing surfaces.

The tables below reflect the results of many tests to determine the relation between torque and bolt
stress. Values are based on steel bolts that have been well-lubricated with a heavy graphite and oil
mixture.

A non-lubricated bolt has an efficiency of about 50% of a well-lubricated bolt. Also, different
lubricants produce results that vary from 50% to 100% of the tabulated stress figures.

For Alloy Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque load is applied)
Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1

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Number
of
20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 8 8 8
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root
0.185 0.240 0.294 0.345 0.400 0.454 0.507 0.620 0.731 0.838 0.963 1.088 1.213 1.338
of Thread
(inches)
Area
at Root
0.027 0.045 0.068 0.093 0.126 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419 0.551 0.728 0.929 1.155 1.405
of Thread
(sq. inch)
30,000 psi
Torque 4 8 12 20 30 45 60 100 160 245 355 500 680 800
(ft lbs)
30,000 psi
S Compres- 810 1350 2040 2790 3780 4860 6060 9060 12570 16530 21840 27870 34650 42150
sion (lbs)
T 45,000 psi
Torque 6 12 18 30 45 68 90 150 240 368 533 750 1020 1200
R (ft lbs)

E 45,000 psi
Compres- 1215 2025 3060 4185 5670 7290 9090 13590 18855 24795 32760 41805 51975 63225
S sion (lbs)
60,000 psi
S Torque 8 16 24 40 60 90 120 200 320 490 710 1000 1360 1600
(ft lbs)
60,000 psi
Compres- 1620 2700 4080 5580 7560 9720 12120 18120 25140 33060 43680 55740 69300 84300
sion (lbs)

For Machine Bolts and Cold Rolled Steel Stud Bolts (Load in pounds on stud bolts when torque
load is applied)
Nominal Diameter of Bolt (inches)
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2
Number
of
20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6
Threads
(per inch)
Diameter
at Root
0.185 0.240 0.294 0.345 0.400 0.454 0.507 0.620 0.731 0.838 0.939 1.064 1.158 1.283
of Thread
(inches)
Area
at Root
0.027 0.045 0.068 0.093 0.126 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419 0.551 0.693 0.890 1.054 1.294
of Thread
(sq. inch)
7,500 psi
Torque 1 2 3 5 8 12 15 25 40 62 98 137 183 219
(ft lbs)

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7,500 psi
Compres- 203 338 510 698 945 1215 1515 2265 3143 4133 5190 6675 7905 9705
sion (lbs)
S
15,000 psi
T Torque 2 4 6 10 15 23 30 50 80 123 195 273 365 437
(ft lbs)
R 15,000 psi
Compres- 405 675 1020 1395 1890 2340 3030 4530 6285 8265 10380 13350 15810 19410
E sion (lbs)
30,000 psi
S Torque 4 8 12 20 30 45 60 100 160 245 390 545 730 875
(ft lbs)
S
30,000 psi
Compres- 810 1350 2040 2790 3780 4860 6060 9060 12570 16530 20760 26700 31620 38820
sion (lbs)

WARNING:
Properties/application shown here are typical. Your specific application should not be undertaken
without independent study and evaluation for suitability. For specific application recommendations
consult Garlock. Failure to select the proper sealing products could result in property damage and/or
serious personal injury.

Performance data published here has been developed from field testing, customer field reports and/or
in-house testing.

While the utmost care has been used in compiling this information, we assume no responsibility for
errors. Specifications subject to change without notice. This edition cancels all previous issues.
Subject to change without notice.

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