Thermodynamics

1. Explain capacity of boiler, equivalent evaporation and boiler efficiency.

2. Define fuel and hydrocarbon fuels.

3. Illustrate the conservation of mass or mass balance in a chemical reaction

4. Explain how to calculate air fuel ratio?

5. Differentiate stoichiometric combustion theory from actual combustion.

6. Illustrate how exess air is determined in a combustion process.

7. How to determined enthalpy of combustion resulting from a steady flow of combustion process.

8. How do hydrocarbons provide energy?

9. What is enthalpy of combustion/.

10. Explain the following terms:

a. boiler

b. fuel

c. hydrocarbon fuels

d.hydrocarbon combustion

11. What is air conditioning system?

An air conditioner is a system that is used to cool down a space by removing heat from the
space and moving it to some outside area. The cool air can then be moved throughout a
building through ventilation.
 Air conditioners act similarly to a heat pump, but instead follow a cooling cycle.
The air conditioner is a key component of the HVAC system, which focuses on home
temperature control in order to maximize comfort and livability in a space.

12. Atmospheric air

Atmospheric air is the air which is prevailing under atmospheric conditions. Atmospheric
conditions are different for different locations and patterns of wind. Atmospheric air is corrosive
in areas where corrosive pollutants are present or emitted.

13. dewpoint temperature

The dewpoint temperature is the temperature at which the air can no longer "hold" all of
the water vapor which is mixed with it, and some of the water vapor must condense into
liquid water. The dew point is always lower than (or equal to) the air temperature.

If the air temperature cools to the dew point, or if the dew point rises to equal the air
temperature, then dew, fog or clouds begin to form. At this point where the dew point
temperature equals the air temperature, the relative humidity is 100%.

The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water

vapor. When cooled further, the airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid water (dew). When
air cools to its dew point through contact with a surface that is colder than the air, water will
condense on the surface.[1][2]
When the temperature is below the freezing point of water, the dew point is called the frost point,
as frost is formed via deposition rather than condensation to form dew. The measurement of the dew
point is related to humidity. A higher dew point means there is more moisture in the air.[2]
14. refrigerator
A refrigerator (colloquially fridge) is a home appliance consisting of a thermally
insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat
from its inside to its external environment so that its inside is cooled to a temperature below the
room temperature. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in developed countries. The
lower temperature lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria, so the refrigerator reduces the rate
of spoilage. A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water.
Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F).[1] A similar device
that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called a freezer. The refrigerator
replaced the icebox, which had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half

15. Explain the purpose of heat pump.

A heat pump is an electrical device that extracts heat from one place
and transfers it to another. The heat pump is not a new technology; it
has been used in Canada and around the world for decades.
Refrigerators and air conditioners are both common examples of this
technology.
Heat pumps transfer heat by circulating a substance called a
refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation. A
compressor pumps the refrigerant between two heat exchanger coils.
In one coil, the refrigerant is evaporated at low pressure and absorbs
heat from its surroundings. The refrigerant is then compressed en
route to the other coil, where it condenses at high pressure. At this
point, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier in the cycle.
Refrigerators and air conditioners are both examples of heat pumps
operating only in the cooling mode. A refrigerator is essentially an
insulated box with a heat pump system connected to it. The
evaporator coil is located inside the box, usually in the freezer
compartment. Heat is absorbed from this location and transferred
outside, usually behind or underneath the unit where the condenser
coil is located. Similarly, an air conditioner transfers heat from inside a
house to the outdoors

16. What is rankine cycle explain

the Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such
as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to
produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through
a turbine producing useful work. This process was developed in 1859 by Scottish engineer
William J.M. Rankine.[1] This is a thermodynamic cycle which converts heat into mechanical
energy—which usually gets transformed into electricity by electrical generation.

what is thermal efficiency of boiler

explain the ideal rankine cycle

explain the process of ideal cycle gas turbine engines

explain the process of open cycle gas turbine and closed cycle gas turbine