Direction: Answer three essay questions provided.

Devote about equal time and space to each of the

three essays. Do not repeat in your second essay content and analysis already provided in the first essay.
Take care to address each component of the essay question. Make sure to provide references to original
sources (e.g., book, chapter, or journal article) for any statement that refers to ideas, words, or research
findings of another person. Write clear and grammatically correct sentences, and logical paragraphs.
Avoid copy and paste answers, plagiarized answers automatically no score. In each question it should
compose of 3 sentences and 2 paragraphs.

1. In your own understanding, what is a political dynasty? What is the effect of political dynasties
in the Philippines? (10 points)

Individuals of the same ancestry who hold different positions in a province's/governing city's
sector wield political power. It usually has widespread support from its constituents, and it rises to be
one of the most prominent figures in its particular region. The greater the family's authority over the
administration, the more family members can acquire positions of power.

Political dynasties have their corresponding positive and negative effects on the political sphere
in the Philippines. Politicians who are succeeded in their roles by relatives can continue and improve
their programs, resulting in the growth of their projects continuing for a long time and potentially
benefiting their community, particularly the people. However, since we entrust them with the prosperity
of our community, it would have been convenient for them to gain unauthorized access to money
meant for the people in their area which leads to corruption.

2. Cite all the factors that led to the formation of Filipino identity and how their nationalistic
identity arise during Spanish colonization. (5 points)

The introduction of the Philippines to worldwide commerce, the rising of the middle class, the
reformation debate, and the upsurge of liberal ideals from Europe were all factors that contributed to
the formation of Filipino identity. Increased trading operations resulted in a substantial growth in
economic activity in the country, which promoted engagement and communication among isolated
people from different islands. This economic progress benefited groups of people who subsequently
evolved into middle-class individuals. Most middle-class families sent their sons to study in Europe,
where they were exposed to liberal ideas and became aware of the myriad social challenges that require
attention in the Philippines. Speaking of liberal values, Spain recently appointed a new governor-general
who shared these views. Initiating changes in the Philippines gained him the respect and admiration of
the Filipino people. His brief stint as governor-general provided the people with a taste of humane
government. ( Source: GEN 004 SAS 8)

The Filipinos formed a camaraderie as a result of their combined experiences with the
Spaniards' atrocities. Instead of being terrified, the indios' execution served as a wake-up call to demand
further changes from the Spaniards. All of these things worked together to promote people's oneness.
As a result, they decided to develop a new persona. Rather than referring to themselves as mestizos,
principalias, or indios, they began to recognize the things that brought them together. As a result, the
"Filipino" identity was formed. (Source: GEN 004 SAS 8)
 3. Interpret the goals and visions of the Propaganda Movement and explain how it affects the
manifestation of nationalism to Filipino society. (5 points)

The Propaganda Movement was made up of the country's most renowned nationalists who
reawakened Filipino identity and pushed for reforms via their works. Among the reforms demanded by
the Filipino Movement were equal legal treatment for Filipinos and Spaniards, making the Philippines a
province of Spain, restoring Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes, "Filipinize" the parishes, and
granting Filipinos freedom of speech, press, assembly, and reparation of injustices.

The Propaganda Era was a defining moment in Philippine literature. This particular era marked
the beginning of our patriotic awakening. The countless disasters encountered by the early waves of
armed insurgencies, which were usually self-contained, isolated, and doomed from the start, sowed the
seeds of independence, equality, and solidarity. (Source: salirickandres.altervista.org)