DATA AND OBSERVATION

Mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH

mass
n=
molar mass

29.5 g
n=
56.1056 g /mol

n=0.5258 mol NaOH

mass
0.5258 mol=
40 g/mol

mass=21.04 gNaOH

OBSERVATION

Table 1 : Observation on properties of soap

PROPERTIES OBSERVATION
SMOOTHNESS/TEXTURE SOAP Smooth
COLOUR Orange
FRAGRANCE Slightly rose smell
SENSITIVITY ( to sensitive skin )
EFFECTIVENESS ( clean mark on skin )
FOAMING
STABILITY (after being used many times)

CONCLUSION

- Tunggu discussion -

QUESTION

1. What are the additives used in the preparation of bath soap or detergent?

The additives used in preparation of bath soap is glycerine. The glycerine makes the
soap smoother and softer than pure soap. Besides, fragrance and colour also additives used to
make the bar soap more attractive and various. Next, the additives used in preparation of
detergent is coconut diethanolamide or a fatty alcohol ethoxylate. It will act as nonionic
detergent and foam former.

2. What do you expect if olive oil is added into the soap formulation (coconut oil+olive oil)?

If we add olive oil in bar soap formulation, the soap become less lather and less
bubbles. it is because of the function of olive oil in soap is as nourishing soft oil and gives
bars a silky feeling. Meanwhile, coconut oil is acting as cleansing and produces big bubbles.
Pure coconut oil yields a soap that is very soluble in water. The soap contains essentially the
salt of lauric acid with some myristic acid. It is so soft and more soluble that it will lather
even in seawater. Furthermore, olive oil contains mainly oleic acid. It is used to prepare
Castile soap, named after the region in Spain in which it was first made. Soap that made of
high percentage of olive oil is suitable for sensitive skin, elder skin or baby skin.

3. Saponification reaction can take place without external heating. Explain how the internal
heat can expected help this saponification process.

Saponification without external heating means it is a cold saponification process. The

lye (sodium hydroxide) is used as the base of saponification process. The amount of sodium
hydroxide required is mixed with water. Then, it left to cool for 60 min. The cooled lye and
water are added to the selected oil. The mixture was blended until thickened or look-like
thick cream before saponification process is almost complete. The mixture is poured into the
mold and the soaps are left to complete saponification at room temperature for 24 hours.
Then, remove the soap from mold and left to cure for 4 weeks in dry place.