EE Le 35. Simultaneous Equations AN Simultaneous equations ate a system of several equations with several unknowns. Often the equations in this system are linear, For example: 5x + 3y 1 2x + Ty = 20. Simultaneous equations are equations that have the same solutions. The equations are all satisfied by the same values of the unknown quantities. Simultaneous linear equations may be solved algebraically by: (@) the method of elimination (ii) the method of substitution. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations When we solve two linear equations with two unknown values simultaneously, then the solutions so obtained must satisfy both equations at the same time. AY The Method of E! In using the method of elimination, we make the magnitude of the coefficients of one of the unknown values equal in order to get rid of it (i.e. eliminate ith. Ifthe signs of the equal coefficients are both the same (i.e. both positive or both negative), then we subtract one equation from the other. Otherwise we addthe equations (ic. ifone of the equal coefficientsis, positive and the other one is negative). All the rules for the solution of linear equations are obeyed. A Choyhe Alles mination Example Ss S Solve the pair of simultaneous equations: axty=18 2x-y Given that 3x+y x= y The coefficients ofy are +i and That is, the coefficients of'y ate equal in magnitude, but their signs are different. Thus © + @ gives us 3xt Qe ty—y=18+7 So Sx = 25 25 a5 5 in any one of the two ie. x We can now substitute x equations and solve for y. Substituting x = 5 in © gives us 36) ty = 18 So I5+y=18 ie. y= 18-5 Hence the solutions are: x= Sandy That is x = 5 when y Example 22 Solve the simultaneous equations: Sx + 3y 2x + 7y Given that ‘Then we can make the coefficients of x equal by multiplying equation © by 2 and equation @ by 5. Thus © x 2 and @ x 5 gives us 2 —® -@ The coefficients of x are both 10. That is, the coefficients of x are equal in magnitude and their signs are the same (i.e. both are positive). Thereforewe need to subtract one equation from the other. It is conventient to subtract the equations in such away so that the coefficient of y will be positive if possible. Thus @ — @ gives us 10x — 10x + 35y ~ 6y = 100 ~ 42 So 38 ie. y=ha2 29 We can now substitute y = 2 in any one of the four equations and solve for x. Substituting y = 2 in gives us 2x +72) = 20 So 2x +14 = 20 ile, 2x=20-14=6 a8 Es 7 Hence the solutions are: x=3andy =2 ‘That is x = 3 when y = 2. Alternative Method Given that Sx + 3y=21 —o 2x + Ty = 20 —o Then we can make the coefficients of y equal by multiplying equation © by 7 and equation @ by 3. Thus © x 7 and @ x 3 gives us 35x + 21y = 147 —o 6x + 2ly = 60 -—@ ‘The coefficients of y are both 21. That is, the coef- ficients of y are equal in magnitude and their signs are the same (ie. both are positive). Therefore we need to subtract one equation from the other. It is convenient to subtract the equations in such a way so that the coefficient of x will be positive if possible Thus @ — @ gives us 35x — Gx + 2ly — 2ly = 147 — 60 So 29x = 87 ie * en ** 29 We can now substitute x = ‘equations and solve for y. in any one of the four Substituting x = 3 in ©, we get 5@) + 3y = 21 So 15 +3y Hence the solutions are: x=3andy ‘That is x = 3 when y = 2. Example 35 Solve the pair of simultaneous equations 7-29 =3 Setyatt Given that 7x 2y = sr+yatt ‘Then we can multiply @ X 210 make the coefficients of y equal. Thus @ X 2 gives us 10x + 2y = zt —® The coefficient of y are ~2 and +2. That is, the coefficients of y are equal in magnitude, but their signs are different. Thus © + @ gives us Tx + 10x — 2y + 2y =3 + + So x= SEU ie. Ben Wy 2 17 L We can now substitute x = 3 in any of the three equations and solve for y. Substituting x = in® gives us u So u = +IHence the solutions are: ‘That is x Example 36 _aae Solve the simultaneous equations 3x 5y = -16 | Given that ‘The LCM. of the denominators 3 and 5 is 15. ‘Multiplying each term in @ by the L.C.M., we get 22) 4s) = 156 FIs ie. 30x — 50y = —160 20 —® 270 + 160 430 430 86 Substituting y = 5 in © gives us 3x - 56) So 3r-2 ice. ar Hence the solutions are: and y = 5. ‘That is x = 3 when y = 5, The Method of Substitution In the method of substitution, we use one linear equation to substitute in the other linear equation for one of the two unknown values. We then solve for that value. Then we can substitute the determined value in one of the equations and solve for the second unknown value. Example 37 Solve the pair of simultaneous equations Su + 3y == Given that Sx + 3y = 31 —o det y= 12 —® From @, we get y=12-2 —@ Substituting y = 12 ~ 2xin ©, we get Sx + 3(12 — 2x) = 31 Using the distributive law, we get Sx +36 - 6x = 31 So Sx - 6x = 31 — 36 ie, -x=-5 ‘Multiplying throughout by ~1, we get x=5 5 in, we get 12 = 265) = 12-1 Hence the solutions are: x= Sandy That is.x = 5 when y Substituting x = bxercise 60 = Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations: 1, Sx + 2y = 29 4. -4x + 3y=1 6r-y=2Determine the solution of each of the following pairs of equations WS, Sx+2y=16 16, 3x + 2y=19 —3x + 4y = -7 Sx 2y=5 17. 3x-2y=-1 18. —x + 3y 4x + Ty = 18 19, 3x + 2y = 19 20, —5x + 2y = 24 my Tx + 3y = 35 28. 7x + 2y = 17 W-2y=1 27, 3x + dy = 27 Sx-2y = 19 Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations: 31. dx + 3y = 17 32. Sx-2y=4 33. 3x-2y Me =x +3y 38. x 36. 2x + Ty = =10 37. Sx + 3y = 27 38. 3x+4y= 14 2x + Sy = 26 —2x+y 39, Sx+2y=137 40, 2x + 3y 4x + 3y = 160 Sx - 2y Solve each of the following pairs of equations: 41. 2x + 3y = 21.75 3x + 2y = 28.25 43. Sx + 3y = 16.65 3x + Ty = 19.35 45, 3x—2y= Tx + Sy = 0.25 Sx + 4y = 18.5 47, 5x+4y=19.75 48, 2x + 3y = 10.0 x + 2y = 5.75 Sx + 2y = 19.5 49. xty=375 50. 3x+4y= 13.40 2x + 3y = 9.00 4x + 3y = 14.95 BI. 3x + dy = 795 x-y=20 53, Tx + 6y = 12.5 Sx 8y= 145 55. 2x $3y = 175 4x + 3y = 305 Solve each of the following pairs of simultaneous equations: 36. Sx 57. 3x— Sy = -16 1 dye de 58. Get 3y=1 2Qx- oy = 5 60, 3-1) 20 +3)= 14 61. 62. S 65. S(dx + 3) + 3(4y + 1) = 66 Ix-1 _2y+3_ 10 3 5 3 5x42, 3y-2_ 16 4 5S ‘The paths taken by two boys running to reach a bus is given by the simultaneous equations: 4x+3y = 24 x-2y=-5. Determine the point (x, y) where they both finally reached the bus, ‘The positions of two roads are represented by the simultaneous equations —x+2y Ix +3y= 1 Calculate the point (x, y) where the two roads intersect. ‘The positions of two railway lines are represented by the equations Qe+3y=5 -x+2y=8 Determine the point (x, y) where the two lines meet. The positions of two straight roads are represented by the equations Set 5 —3x + Sy = 19. Solve the equation to find the position (x, ») where the two roads intersect. Mathes: A Compe Coarse