1.1 Operations with whole numbers You can work out many everyday problems using the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, on A tray holds 36 eggs. Paul has 17 such trays. How many eggs does he have? One tray holds 36 eggs. So 17 trays hold 36 17 eggs. 36 x17 360 = 36 x 10 Paul has 612 eggs. eae ‘A matchbox holds 48 matches. How many matchboxes are needed to hold 1104 matches? You will need 1104 + 48 matchboxes, 48)1104 480 48 x 10 624 480 48 x 10 144 =M4 8 x 3 0 23 23 matchboxes are needed. Exercise 1A 1 Maxwell had 203 marbles. He lost 45 to Simpson, How many did he have left? 2 Kendra picked 463 grapefruit and her sister picked 294 grapefruit. (a) How many grapefruit did they pick altogether? (b) How many more grapefruit did Kendra pick than her sister? 3 In the Antigua 2009 election the votes polled for the St Phillip North constituency were as follows Robin Yearwood 824 Elmore Charles 589 (a) Who won the seat and by how much? (b) How many votes were cast? 4 How many buses are needed to take 221 students on a field trip if each bus holds 17 students? 5 A tin of beans weighs 227 grams. How much do 13 of these tins weigh? 6 A gallon of paint costs $73. Menissa needs 36 gallons to paint her house. How much will it cost her? Ambrose paid $560 for 35 bags of cement. ‘Whaat is the cost of a bag of cement? 8 Six workmen share a wage packet of $2982. How much does each receive? 9 A labourer receives $228 for a 38-hour week. What is his hourly rate? 10. A prime number has only two factors, itself and ‘one. Show that 529 is not a prime number.Using your calculator Most people use a calculator for basic calculations. It is quick and accurate if you press the right buttons! Use your calculator to find: (a) 2316 — 128 (b) 976 x 29 @ 2316) will be displayed, Now press 8 When you press =} the answer | will be displayed. | (b) Press: 908 G98 When you press (=) the answer will be displayed, ‘You should not need a calculator for simple calculations. For example: 7x6 =42 23 x 10 = 230 You should be able to do these in your head. Exercise 1B 1 Use your calculator to find: (a) 264+ 249 (b) 1008 ~ 27 (© 39x41 @) 4095 + 39 (© 83 +9 + 1041 @) 21343 - 987 (g) 381x416 (h) 125 874 + 486 2 Which of these calculations should you do in your head? (a) 57 +4 (b) 100 — 9 © 2118 +17 @) 35x 20 © 8412 (© 7018 ~ 3947 (g) 1000 x 891 (h) 93485 + 15 3 Jessie has just celebrated her fifth birthday. How ‘many minutes old is she? (Ignoring leap years.) 4, How many 5 cent pieces make $2437 5 A man’s heart beats 72 times a minute, How many beats does his heart make in a typical year? ‘COMPUTATION AND NUMBER: & The (6) button on your calculator is broken, Explain how you would work out 76 X 29 on your calculator, 2 Take any three-digit number, say 492, repeat it to get 492 492. Now divide it by 13, divide your answer by I] and then by 7, What do you notice? Repeat for other three-digit numbers. Explain 8 Use your calculator to find which numbers between 21 300 and 22 000 have exactly three factors. © Investigation ee The product of 2 and 3 is 2 x 3 = 6. Look at the products that can be made with the numbers 3, 4, § and 6. For example: 34 X 56,3 x 645,3 x 4 x 56 What is the largest product you can make? What is the largest product you can make with the numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7? © Investigation }-——— 25? = 625 6 = 36 28° is pronounced 25 squared and means 25 x 25 = 625. 6 means 6 x 6 = 36 Look at 25? and 62, Notice that the last digits, 5 and 6, are unchanged when the number is squared. What other numbets are like this? Investigate. 1.2 Some number theory ‘The factors of a number are all the whole numbers that divide into it without remainder. For example, the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 126 — Write down all the factors of: (@) 18 (b) 24 © 36 @ 38 (©) 45 (f) 58 (g) 60 (h) 72 7 Use your calculator to find which of these numbers are prime. (a) 17 (b) 35 (©) 69 @) 89 (©) 117 @ 131 (g) 401 Gy 1023 8 List the prime numbers between: (@) 10and 19 (b) 110 and 119 © 1010 and 1019 9 Write down: (a) the largest number under 100 that has only three factors (b) the largest number under 1000 that is prime (©) the largest number between 900 and 1000 that has only four factors, Prime factors Factors of a number that are also prime numbers are called the prime factors of that number. For example, the prime factors of 14 are 2 and 7. All whole numbers can be written as a product of sheir prime factors. For example, 14=2x7 15=3x5 16=2x2x2x2=2 ‘You can find prime factors using a factor tree. COMPUTATION AND NUMBER ied Find the prime factors of 184. So 184=2x2x2x 23 =Px23 You can also find all the prime factors of a number by repeatedly dividing it by prime numbers. ee Find the prime factors of 168. fey asking by ere amo] a eae acne 2{ 84 ‘rywentemmate 2/42 3L21 7 168 =2X2X2*3X7 Px 3x7 Exercise 1D 1 Usea factor tree to find the prime factors of: fa) 18 (b) 36 (©) 42 @) 54 (© 72 © 86 (g) 96 (h) 112 (136 (j) 248 (k) 360 () 784 2. Check your answers to Question 1 using the repeated division method (see Example 6). 3 Express these numbers as a product of their prime factors. You may use a calculator. (a) 1024 (b) 1128 © 1296 (@) 1592 @) 2012 (f) 3264 (g) 7182 (h) 8118) 9236COMPUTATION AND NUMBER mmo A number has 2, 5 and 7 as its prime factors. ‘What are the four smallest values it could take? is 5 What is the smallest number with three different prime factors? 6 Whatis the smallest number greater than 300 with four different prime factors? H.C.F. and L.C.M. The highest common factor (H.C.F.) of two numbers is the largest number that will divide into the two numbers exactly. For example, the H.C. of 12 and 18 is 6 The lowest common multiple (L.C.M.) of two numbers is the smallest number that both numbers will divide into exactly. For example, the L.C.M. of 12 and I8 is 36. Both H.C.Fs and L.C.M.s can be found by writing, both numbers as a product of prime factors. Find the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 112 and 84. ‘Use repeated division 2qL2 2 2| 56 Be 2[ 28 3i21 24 7 7 12 =2x2xX2x2Xx7 x7 84=2X2x3X7 =2PX3x7 o— To find the H.C.F. look at the prime factors in common that is, 2” and 7. So H.CF of 112 and 84 ex 7 8 To find the L.C.M. multiply the highest power of each of the prime factors So L.CM. of 112 and 84 =2x3x7 336 (Note: 336 = 112 =3 336 + 84 = 4) Exercise 1E 1 Find the HC. of: (@) Gand 12 (by 18 and 24 (© SSand60 — (@) 85 and 102 (© 36and 144 (f) 112 and 256 2 Find the L.CM. of: (@) 6 and7 (b) 8 and 12 (© Mand16 — @) 24 and 36 (© 84and 144 (f) 216 and 360 3° Find the H.CF. of: ' (a) 3,6, 10 (b) 4,8, 12 (© 18, 36,40 4 Find the L.C.M. of: (@) 2.3.5 © 12, 18,42 (@) 24, 36, 60 (b) 6, 12,15 (@), 45, 60, 10 5 What is the smallest number of students required to enable them to be uniformly arranged in rows. of 8, 12 or 20? 6 Some DVDs are priced at $25 each, some at ‘$40 and some at $60 each. What is the smallest sum of money with which you can buy an exact number of DVDs of each kind?1.3 Negative numbers Numbers can be both postive and negative, Negative numbers are commonly used to represent temperatures Negative numbers are easly shown on an extended umber line 32 Addition and subtraction can be shown on the number Tine by movements to the right (positive direction) or 1 the left (negative direction), Work out @ aN 432701234 “345= You can also add negative numbers, for example, 3+C5) COMPUTATION AND NUMBER Notice that 3 + (~5) = ~5 + 3.as you can add ‘numbers in any order. (On a number line: 3+) ‘© Adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive number. Exercise 1F 1) ia diagrams to sow that @) 44+(-2)=2 (by 93+ (2)= 75 @44+C0=-2 2 Work out: @ 344) S-2 4-3 @ 445 @3-7 wyor2 3 Use a number line to calculate: wet 3) 3 +CS) ©6+CD @6+CD FHC O 8+C9 . 4 Copy and complete this addition table. 5 Work out: (3-5 (b) 6-244 @ 3-2-1 @ 440-5 e4stCd—4 O 6-744 @)“S+8-9 hy 3407-6 @ 74D 46 QM S#CH43COMPUTATION AND NUMBER Subtracting negative numbers {Look atthe pattern in these subtractions: 3-3 3-2 exe nae) Teens ‘What do you think 3 ~ “1 should be? Since the anywers inerease by 1,3 — 1 = 4 ‘That is, subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number. ar Work out @ 7-3 ) 7-3 (@) 7--3=743=10 tb) 7-35 °743 A umber Line is useful if you are not sure, Cale 1s +28 oa —13 @ ON oO 164 °2= 1s 28= 43 o AN a eG a3 5 Exercise 1G 1 Work out: (a) 6-3 @ “4-73 7-4 eax 2 Use a number line 1 find @ B+ Mw) B--B @ b- 6 @ 23+ 17 @ 414 97 38-4 3 Calculate: (6+ 4-2 (by O~ 4-2 1-6-2 @9~ 343 (7+ 6-7 @ 6+ 4-6 @ 946+ 3) dy B= 1-12 @ B+ 17H “B= 4+ 8 4 Copy and complete this subtraction table. Second number eae taps 30 gi si i iD Ea ° 2 3 r $5 Copy these diagrams an illin numbers tht male the subtraction tables work. @ » Second number Second number ioe, $e z E 73] 0° E Sieg 2 Multiplying and dividing negative numbers Mutiplying by a negative number is straightforward. for example, SK3S S54 SHS 15 Similarly, axoS= $x3= 15 Notice, if SK3= 015 thenSo a negative number divided by a negative COMPUTATION AND NUMBER 5 Copy and complete these division grids. number gives a positive number. @ Seopaal ibe Also “5 = “15 +3 . (ET So a negative number divided by a positive 2 ta rnuraber gives a negative number. 5 The rules for mukiplication and division of negative z numbers are: © Multiply (x) | Positive | Negative ig Divide(+) | number | number = Faae A 4] 7 + - z =: number = 6| 3 ‘Negative. umber a 5 6 Design your own multiplication and division grids with missing numbers. Exercise 1H ‘Ask your partner to solve them. ere - 1.4 Calculating with @ 3x4) 5x3 . 7X" @ 3x2 fractions @ 6x8 ( “3x6 Adding and subtracting fractions : nes eer ‘To add or subtract fractions the denominators must be @4+2 @ “48+ 6 mene 3. Find the missing numbers. al apped @Ox3--9 ) 8+0=73 Workou = @ 34+} WH E-} @ 4xO=12 @ 5xO=35 ° @ 3+ @ 0+ 3=9 025-4 4 Copy and complete these multiplication grids. Py 6 [715 “20 wry 7 0) 8 6 Oy Exercise 11 1 Work these out and si possible, G@)i+? (a) +3 ; plify your answer where iCOMPUTATION AND NUMBER 2 Calculate and simplify your answer @yet mit with OH @)e-3 O)i-t - i wl 2 igh oan eran acres = HEE 4 Gileulae and simplify your answer. Wty ) 10) +3 “© 21h ay)2} = 13 5 Peeey walked 3} km to markt. She took a bus Thome, but walked a further} km from the bus stop to her house. ‘How far did she walk altogether? 6) Melvin had 6 kg of tomatoes. He sold ‘What weight of tomatoes did he have let? @)_ investigation 19 and dividing fractions ‘To muliply fractions first multiply the numerator, then multiply the denominators. ‘Sometimes you can simplify before you multiply ‘To divide fractions, first write the division as a ‘multiplication, then turn the second fraction upside down, then multiply the fractions Exercise 13 1 Motipy and simplify your answer @ exh wp ixs eid ix? @)2x$ @Yx2 peers 2 Divi 3 4 Calculate: 11) @ xt @ 3, +5) @ 43% 25 oy +3 5 Work out Gaye ait xz + 1) @ essay pas! Wyi-deh6 Calculate: 7) (@) How many lengths of 1} m can you cut from —/ length of 18 m? (b) How many lengths of 1} m can you cut from a length of 20 m? Is there any left over? (8) (@ How many quarters in 16? \—/ (b) How many thirds in 32 (©) What is a tenth of ten? (d) What is three-tenths of three? 9 (a) Find a tenth of three-quarters of $800. ~ (b) Find three-quarters of a tenth of $800. Investigation 1.5 Calculating with decimals Fractions like 3 or } are called common or vulgar. This just means that they are ordinary fractions. Fractions with a denominator of 10 or 100 or 1000 or ny power of 10 can easily be written as decimals. For example: 3 w= 03 jag = 0.03 « i= 043 Wy gg ‘To add and subtract decimals keep the digits in their Correct columns, Se a ee ae, oe eee: Wy (Ses Work out (a) 13.26 +5 + 4.2 (b) 6 — 3.24 (@) 13.26 +5 + TO 3 5 4. 2 (b) 6 ~ 3.24 T ° 6 3 2 Exercise 1K 1 Find: (@) 1.7421 (© 28-16 @) 175 +276 2 Find: (a) 2.36 + 3.23 (©) 853 + 7.68 (©) 2.66 ~ 1.04 3 Find: 42 column ian readings 0 i (b) 2.9 +33 @ 75-45 (28.3 — 14.7 (b) 5.97 + 1.03 (@) 9.75 ~ 4.63 (0) 100 ~ 67.7 (@) 2.1 + 0.21 + 3.07 (b) 6.13 + 7.5 + 0.68 (© 7.04 + 8.13 ~ 4.69 (d) 0.612 + 0.735 + 0.416 (© 17.064 ~ 8.192 (6) 0.007 + 0.011 + 0.123 (a) 6 + 0.2 + 17.34 (b) 16 ~ 1.3 4 Work out: (©) 0.03 ~ 0.003 fe) 67 — 0.02 @ 7.1 ~ 0.13 (f) 8.1 + 0.92 + 0.045 Inhis exercise book, Toy wrote: [asetenan (a) What wa his mista? 1) Whats the correct answer? 6 Explain thee mises fa) 6-139 = 135 () 45+ 003 = 4x ( 04~031=0. ‘Write down the correct answers for each pat 17. Te times then to complete a 100 m race were Green 988s Brown 1008 Whe 998 (a) Who won the race? (6) Hw moch longer di Brown take than Green? 8 The heights of four men are Talley Sm Shorty 201m Le 188m Panman 2m (a) Who isthe shores man? {(b) How mach aller is Pnman than Leas? {@. Why do you think Shorty got is kame? Multiplying and dividing decim. Mohiptyng decimals similar to molopying whale aoe xcept you have wo be careful where you pu the decenal poi Work out 6.12 x 34 {612 x 34 = 203808 by long muipieatin, so 642 2 decimal paces * 34 | decimal pace 030% 3 decimal places ‘Todivide decimals you fist ned to make the auber you divide by imo a whole number. xk _ 588 hip wp and btn’ by 10 Exercise 1L ‘Given tht 28 56 = 1288, work ou fy 3x56 (2356 (23x56 @) 23x 056 fe) 023% 56 «0023 O86 (9) 023 0156 ¢h) 0023 x 0.056 Cael: @OIx7T WIZE |WOIXK (021%3 ( 276XK M1726 x9 (@) 126% 10) 19% 100) 23. 50 acute: (a) 03X04 06x12 (e310 (12131 @) 6S x 265 42x32 2) 804 x 004 4) 73 % 005 () 362% 1.07 Find WOK ISS? 2847 (068 +4 ey 008-4 218447 Find @ 7-01 — @S+ 001 (@ 2+ 0001 @8=02 6+ 003 (24+ 004 Find: @)04=01 ()O4+08 |RS+ 07 (04001 (@) $6007 MH 8:1 + 008 Find: Ga) 144 +36 (b)243 +27 (©) 07218 (076 +05 (@) 0405 (13 +008 (4) How many lengths of 0.2 mean be cat from Laat (b) How many 0010 €ijectons of ania contained in 0.1 € bate? {How many 0.125 kg feeds of milk powder re ‘contained in a 50 ky sack?Using your calculator You can quickly multiply and divide your calculator. 313 x 031 0: Calculate Pres O08 Boo000 8 (CRSTOB) should now be displayed. To divide, res DOD D and the answer ill be displayed Exercise 1M 1 Calculate @ 327x058 () 162 +015 (@ 308 +016 @) 723x816 (© 482361 @ $83 = 872 2 Work out 36 x 0.08 in oe) 33 e 6x9 45402 13 © 68-309 @ 39008 3 What isthe cost of 38 kg of cheese at $17.28 per Iilogram? A pices of beef weighs 14.68 kg. What isthe rice per kilogram if i is sold for $91.607) ‘A book with 208 pages is 2.3 em thick. How thick is each page? & Which number when multiplied by itself equals: @ 1296 tb) 3 0316 @ 5 sLRENEUS. Soi Road Fontaelle Approx 2.142 sq fe of office/retail space S$ 000 Look atthe advertisements for office space in Barhados above (4) What i the cost per sg, of office space for cach rental? (b) How would you decide which to choose? Land for Sate +5370 sq ft of land close t0 ‘Durants Golf Course $220,000.00 + 7.097 5 ft in Maxwell Terrace ‘lose to public transportation, beaches and other amenities $300,000.00 + 14.139 sq fat Kingsland Ch. ‘Ch. with a lovely view of the sea ‘$424,170.00 + 14,912 5q ft with lovely view of the countryside at Fort George Heights $350,000.00 + 20,589 sq ft at Millennium Heights, St. Thomas ‘$450,000.00 [Look atthe advertisements for land in Barbados above. (a) What isthe price per sq. tof land in Maxwell Terace? (b) Which piece of land isthe most expensive per sq, f°? (e) What i the price per square metre ofeach piece of land if 1 sq. fl. = 00929 sq.m?o_= Copy and complete this cross-number puzzle, Across Down A 08x45 «A 88x5720 ; bos D 542.88 + 0.58 B 07 * Fog F 38+7.2 Cc 318x246 & ats 72007 & 14064 +042 19212 oe 4 9212 168 178.56 + 0058 Technology Visit the website ‘gna follow the links to Maths Zone, Maths. Investigations for some interesting calculator problems involving broken keys. LO 4.6 Fractions and decimals ‘To convert a number writen as a vulgar fraction toa you do a division Change } toa decimal 3 8or 0375 8[3.000 sa} = 0315 asa decimal to vulgar ‘To convert a number wr fraction, you need to write it asa fraction with denominator 10, 100, «then cancel ea=D-—__— Change 0.85 toa vulgar fraction 085 = S25 Sametnes changing ation ta desimal profes 2 enc tht oes stop. The simples ear POSS =. andthis decimal neverends Iescaled recurring decimal. You can write tas 03, Sometimes two or mre fgues recut For example t write asa decimal, ress oe ‘The sereen will display © on your calle You can write this as 0.027 Exercise 1N 1 Change wa decimal @} mi @} @ 2 Change wo a decimal; Msi OF OF ME ‘3. Change toa vulgar fraction and simplify (@) 035 (b) 08 (@) 09S (a) 0.24 4 Change to a vulgar fraction and simplify (a) 0625 (b) 0.075 (€) 0.184 (@) 0.0085 Find} as a decimal ‘Use your ane to write down the decimal ccuivalet of @i w) wf wie! ow} 6 Finds decimal ‘Use your anaer to find the decimal equivalent of wi wt oz 7 Complete this sequence by dividing by 2 each time $= 00000 p= 025000 f= 012500 ‘Use your answer to find the decimal form of: wr wo, wR {8 Work ot the decimal form ofthese factions, stopping after Five decimal places @i OL 2 ws oh Find the decimal form oft. [Ge your anawero wrt thse a vulgar fractions (a) O1sisis fe) ogists. (0272721. (@) 0.906090. 30 The decimal 03 intuit equal tas his unre gram shows. ao a3 10 Draw digram to show that 03 is lose to but stench 11 We) Vea calculator to fi © VP and 8? (iy 1.73 ana 1.742 (iy 1.7328 ana 1.7397 (0) Write down the first four digits of V3. se your calculator to help you find the Faction ema equivalent in <0 ) 08 ue (a 0634 1.7 Rounding off numbers {tts not aways necescary to give an exact number. For example, in an essay for school, you would not be expected to give the exace numberof people at ‘Carival, or ofthe numberof people living in the city Instead you could give an approximate number, rounded off tothe nearest thousand often thousand, Rounding off 2 whole number means writing it ‘correct othe nearest ten, hundred, thowsand ec. For ‘example, 124 is nearer to 120 than to 130. 4 is 120, correct tothe nearest ten. 124s cower 1 | tan 130 so 20 30 irene 13ers ‘To round off a whole number, without drawing & ‘number line: 11 Look atthe numer and find the place you want to round t oft ~rens, hundreds et. 2 Now look at the digit othe right ofthis place 3. If this digit is 0 12.3 or 4 the number must be rounded down. If itis 5,6 7, 8.0F9 the number ‘must be rounded up (a). Wite 372 and 125 cortect othe nearest fn. (b)_ Write 1378 and 26 425 corect tothe nearest hundred () The tens plac is undertind: 32D TAs 370 wo the nearest ten. 129 “2 130 0 the nears “The hundreds place is undettined: 1xD3 ==> 1400 264s "526.400 oExercise 10 opeeeedepacesnnaf tai x» 1. Usethe number tne to write these nam correct tthe nearest ten (28) th) 28 (e288 28 @) 290A 28H (a) 236 chy 2S) 28S 2. Write correct othe nearest ten @ 5% hs Tt ME 6S HY @ 22 dv) 0S G) 2 ky 13785) 14200 3 Write correct othe nearest unde. G@) 3 ab) 809) 1486 (@) 255 (6) ASS) @ 169 dm LIN @ BoH ) 20068 (k) 130506) 220087 4 Write correct tothe nearest thousand G@) 1084) ISL Ge) 1621 @) 1995 @) 40H SI (g) 4482 ch) 4921 13316 @) 2081 hy 43702 a) THB 954 Look tthe newspaper headings. Which numbers have been reported exactly? Which have Been rounded off Give reasons for your answers. 6 13742people watched West Indies play Pakistan the Oval How many is this to the nearest (a) ten (b) hundred (e) thousand? 7 whi esterichet eer to Sune 2009 Chis Gayle cored S802 runs. How ‘many runs this tothe nearest (a) ten (hundred (©) thousand? 8 249 isthe largest whole number that when ound to the nearest hundred gives 200 ‘What isthe smallest such number? 8 What are the largest and smallest whole mmbers that when rounded to the: (a) nearest ten give 30 (0) nearest hundred give 1500 () nearest thousand give 80002 Decimal places ‘You can round a decimal number to the nearest tenth, hundredth or thousand, Look atthe number line: an ns) 2 a7 Bs 1273 is 127 when rounded othe nearest tenth ot correct | decimal place (I dp). : (@) Write 364 and 3.1824 correct 1p (b) Write 2144 and 3.2856 correct 102 dp. (9) The in decimal laces wet 4a 25 56 conrctt Lp BQ "5 52eoerectio dp. (8) The second decimal place is undefined! 2HO = 2.14 comrect to 2p. 82506 5 3.26 cmrectto 2d.Exercise 1P ‘or two numerals before the zeros. They give the ain aut ‘numbers to one or two significant figures. a7 B28 2 For example, written to one significant figure 1. Use the number line to write these numbers (ss ‘correct to the nearest tenth (correct to I dip). a a a OB 2186 9 2178 20871 becomes 20.000 @ 2199 @) 2199) 21.77 4175 becomes 4000 (2184 hy) 2180 i) 21.95 18381 becomes 20000 2. Write correct to one decimal place. (131 (by 1.35 © La @ 371 @ SAGI_ 2.202 Written to two 3 (@) 12.394 (hy 13.011) 0.057 001652 becomes 0.02 20871 becomes 21.000 3° Write correct to two decimal places. @ 1483 (b) 2508 © 104001 —75_,_—_—ecomes_ 4200 @) 03031 (@) 10.089 (f) 0.008 18381 becomes 18000 (g) 0108 (hy 13327) 15.401 4 Write correct to three decimal places. COI6S2 © Gecomes O17 (a) 24123 (b) 24126 (@ 24125 00003841 becomes 0.00038 (a) 300u1 (30046) 30045 (g) 13.1367 (hy) 29.0402 i) 39.1070 Exercise 10 E Avstegilrpoccrt leigh macuend 1 enkeie ee ‘ith 116 om, What i its rea correct to one amet i decimal place? 2 Write correct to oe significant figure (a) 880) 8317 (© 81290 @ B61 @) 07 00 (a) 00065 hy 893. 0.000398 & Innine completed fnnings inthe 2009 lest sees against England inthe West Indies, Shivmarine 3. Write correct to two significant figures. CChanderpaul scored (@) 537000 (b) 41562 (©) 0.037 06 total of 373 runs, (@) 0000215 (@) 11931 1.076 What was his batting (@) 0.00476 (hy 432 @ 03061 ee 4 Here are some numbers written to three decimal place? eae significant figures. Some of them are wrong. "Store Sen ome an rithm Cares mest fa) 539010 — > 539000 2D What a (b) 0.005 706 = —> 0.00570 when, re the largest and smallest numbers that (©) 0.050621 — 0.0506 (ee cecina ( sos7i6, = > 308 700 © trode ee (@ 15480000 —> — 15500000 (6 thee gi laces give 3.62 0.01006 = —% 0.0100 can pe roast Sionin es 5 Write correct to three \ificant figures. a ren (a) 18.403 (b) 157683 (©) 10467 ta josoass (@) 15092 113387 desi orn of lafBe crowds, newspapers ten 7 fo toei aa fe 21547 thy 12406 21004 ‘numbers so that they contain only oneRound 82 736 40 COMPUTATION AND NUMBER @) Isc tb) 2s Ish Mh 496 7 Round 0.003 565 t: (sf Ub) 2s Ist Ase 8 A number when rounded 1 1s is 60. Wait down five examples of what the number may be 9 Imagine your jo is to make up headlines for & ‘newspaper For each fact below. decide whether you would write an apprasimaze number or the ‘exact number in your headline. If approsimate, ‘rite down the nurnber you woul use instead ‘kee ood SMcon meacured by | ‘method 384 432 km 10 Calculate 0.053 % 1.4, giving your answer: (@) exactly (correct to 2 decimal places (6) correct to | significant figure 11 Calculate 06234 + 17.2 and write your answer: (a) correct wo 2 decimal places () correct 103 significant figures 1.8 Indices A short way of wring 3x33 «Sig 3 is Sse to the power 4 Inthe same way, 4 4 raed othe power 3, 7 xa x4 = 64 “The power i als called the index. Notice hat Ox ada be Thats, da = 42 as Ea Work out 2x2? © 2pxp Wd) Bex ae Dx zeae ) BxPxI (Xp = 29° (@) aex4e = 12e Notice aso that =4 ‘So, when two numbers are powers ofthe same ‘number, you cam divide them by subtracting their ices. Using symbols, ses @ S63 a= or pao Exercise 1R 1 Copy and complete: @ 8=3x3%., yt =5%5% (@ P=2%2x @2s ©” wes (81 =P 3% 19000 = 10 10 1000000 = 10 ¥ 10% en = 102 Copy and complete: S05? = 1 @ 8x 3=3xX3x tb BX 2 =2x2K rx Using symbols, @ sx Indices can also be negative 3° Simplify: For example, @) EXOX6 7x 7!x 7" @ FXIX¥ @ 1x 10x10" 2 Gt = pS MONE 4 Doyou agree that p' x p? = p°? Inthe same way, simplify: @ axe (bo) gi xq wetat @ Axe @ sx ; © pxpxP PX x; «Using symbols, @ axa (hy p* X po eeor @ mt Xm X me Qe x KES 5 Simplify these, if possible, leaving the answer in {index form, If not possible, explain why. eae (@ Ox? @) BxF @Rxexe @aexe Simplify 16 x 2" © axe OrxXPxe | @ XP hy PX I Kae 6 Copy and complete: 3 3x3x xp Exercise 1S 1 Copy and complet: @ 2+? 1 @3+8 = =0 © P+ P=P=0@ +9" = P= 0 F 2. Write down the value of: £ @° OF OP e 0 , st 3 Copy and complete: Oe Oa Os we & Simplify, leaving your answer in index form. wy + @ ese mses! © IP+ 1D @7=7 © wW+20 Maer (a) P= (hy p= p= pO a" 4 Writeas a fraction: @T Os OF @S 5 Write index form: @! &} Ox Ow sort Zero and negative indic ‘What does $° mean? Fs Pa 05 +2 Pagagag 6 Find: (a)B® 9—comrurarion ano numeen Fractional indices vonsidering 4” + 4°, show that 4°? Inthe last section you dealt with finding whole number powers of numbers. 8 By considering p® + p*, show that p For example, 9 Look carefully at the first three below. iP =k 9 ”° ~ ” ‘Then copy and complet oro? atk cory and compete te 9 aacd On 10 10" ‘What about fractional powers? 1 , 0.01 = T065 For example, what is 9°? 0.001 = Notice that 0.0001 = =O. Ban dxglagttt : eo but 3X3=9 10 Work out: ; @ 3x10 (b) 5.1 x 10" so F=3 © 432 x 10° @ 69 x 10"! : (© 113% 10%) 602x107 That is, 9° = V9 = 3. 131% 10>) 7314+ 10% Generally is the square rot of a o¢ Va 11. Copy and complete: @ 2xP=? @ 242 (@ 39+ woken? Inthe same way a!? = Ya ort ebe roof @) 2x4 =4? () 3043234 Find @ ie ws @s @i6! 142. By considering a? ~ a, show that a-* 43. Simplify and write as a fraction in its lowest a es ened @ 6 = Vib = Vax = 4 @ 3x3" ae ( 122? @ixe Vi- Yoana wtex2t 9x39 Vax ve ate wate o() xx 14. simpy fo aa! 2) — aena arabe nT: i @ 4 288 IH © sa ” 4a (a) 36! f) 81° ( 169°2 Calculate 7 we ens @os! 2s! ae 3 Work out @4 mi iat @a © ors 4 Calculate: @a (b) 25° (©) 367 @ 27° © 216 (fh) 343 5 Find the value of: @ Viexs) — @ 8x27! © Visxs? @ 3*x9 (@ 36° x of 169 x 3° @ Technology For more on fractional indices visit www mathsisfun com/algabral ‘exponent fractional html Do not forget to answer the questions! @)_ Investigation 3 x 3 x 3 cube made up of 27 smaller ‘cubes is painted green on its outside, How many of the smaller cubes a1 Unpainted? GOMPUTATION AND NUMBER 9 How many of the smaller cubes have 1 face painted? 2 faces painted? 3 faces painted? What about a 4 x 4 x 4 cube made up of 64 smaller cubes? Copy and complete the table. No | tave facet ee ‘Bteces | faces | painted | painted | painted 2x? xa [axax axaxal jexexc[ Ee) Any rules? What about a 13 x 13 x 13 cube? ‘Very large or very small numbers are often writen in standard form ln standard form, a number is writen as (number between 1 and 10) x (ten to.a power)COMPUTATION AND NUMBER Write in standard form: (a) 6000 (b) 8.000000 (a) 6000 = 6 x 1000 = 6 x 10° (b) $000 000 = 8 x 1.000000 Write in standard form: (a) 6340 (b) 57100 () 6 820000 (@) 6340 = 6.34 x 1000 = 6.34 x 10° {b) 57 100 = 5.71 10000 = 5.71 x 10% (©) 6820000 = 6.82 X 1.000.000 = 6.82 x 10° In Example 27, count how many places the digits hhave moved. This will give you the size of the index. Exercise 1U 11 Write in standard form: (@) 4000 (by 20000 (€) 300000 () 9000 (g) 80000 (hy 100000 (©) 70000000 (f) 10000 1000 000 2 Write each number in full. (3x10 (bh) 4x10 (@) 5x 10" @ 3x 10° 3 Write in standard form: (@) 401 (by 2170 (@) 9082) 11 200 (&) 6741 (hy 58200 4) Write in standard form: (a) 3270 (by 4300 (© 108000 (a) 357000 (©) 831400) 1740000 (8) 2801000 (hy 13500000 5 Write each number in full 15x10" (6321 (©) 1.628 x 10° (a) 3.94. 10? (©) 541 x 10" (9.999 x 10 (7X 107 6x 10° (©) 3401 () 25000 34761 a ————_ For very small numbers you need to use negative indices. Example 28 Write in standard form: (@ 04 (b) 0.07 © 0.009 (@ 04=4%01= 4% 10" (b) 0.07 = 7 x 001 = 7 x 107 (©) 0.009 = 9 x 0.001 = 9 x 10 Write in standard form: (@) 053 (b) 0.0211 (©) 0.004 168 53x 107! 211 x 10 4.168 x 10- @) 053 (b) 0.021 (©) 0.004 168, Exercise 1V 1 Write each number in full. (@) 7 10"! (b) 3x I (@) 9x 10 (@) 6x 10 5X1 y? @ 4x 10% 2 Write in standard form: (@) 0.16 (037 (@ 0.022 (@) 0.094 —(@ 0.087) 0.0064 (g) 0.0096 (hy 0.0037 0.00091 3 Write in standard form: (@) 0.0032 (b) 0.009 46 (©) 0.000 874 (a) 0.000 003 77 {e) 0.000 000 999 (2) 0.000 000 8046 (£) 0.000 000 000 621 (h) 04000 000 000 0009 4 Write each number in full, (a) 36% 107) 7.409 x 10" (© 61x 10 (a) 1,999. 10? (© 26741 x 109 «S47 x 10 (g) L677 x 10° (hy 3084 x 10°" 5 Express al the numbers in the eapion atthe st ‘ofthe section in standard form.6 Pick out the largest number from each group. (a) 9872, 10", 9.423 x 10° (b) 107, 371 000, 6.87 10° (©) 4169000, 5.54 x 10’, 10” (a) 10°®, 0.000 0007, 3.2 x 107 Pick out the smallest number from each group. (a) 0.004, 107%, 1.2 x 10 (b) 10-5, 0,004 006, 1.009 x 10-* (© 0.000 0001, 6.3 x 10°, 107 (@) 6.431 X 10°, 590.000, 10° This elephant has mass: ~ 3000 kg = 3x 10°kg ‘You can show this on a number line. Elephant 1 10 10 10° 10* 10° 10" kg (2) Copy and complete the number line for ‘mass, inserting examples of other animals / ‘objects with masses up to 10' kg. (b) Copy and complete this number line for animals / objects with tiny masses. Ne ee erent 10 1081041010710 1 ke {c) Make number lines for length, inserting examples of animals / objects with between 10-"° mand 10!° metres. (4) Make poster pictures with your lines to display in your classroom. Get Photographs from magazines or pictures 1.10 Arithmetical rules and laws How can you work out a problem, such as 3x6-4? ‘There are two possible ways: 3xK6-4=18-4=14 3x6-4=3x2 Which is correct? Without some rules you will always have difficulty ‘working such problems. Luckily, there are some rules. ‘A simple nmemonic is BEMDAS. ‘meaning that the order you compute operations should follow: Brackets, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, ‘Addition, Subtraction, In practice, the order of multiplication and division does not matter, neither does the order of addition and subtraction. eee Work out @ 124442 (by B24 © (lo-22443 @ 12+44+2=3+ (by P- 2X4 3KI-2K4 9-8 =I © (-D+4=8* 2 In Example 30 identify which rules were used.COMPUTATION AND NUMBER Exercise 1W 1 Work out: (@) 144742 (X2~5 @ 3-2 @ G49x3-1 () 8544246 ( Sx4- 1242 (ge) 3%5-2-3 dy 4dxoe3—4 @ B~DXG-HG HH4+3KH 2 Cateulate: (@) (3+ 2 +3) x2 @) [16-5 = 4x3] x3 (©) 40-[02+3-2) (@) $6+7-[(9- 9x4] (@ (+8) x3)-6 +9 Properties of numbers - commutivity [Look at these calculations. ‘What do you notice? (34558 S43 (7x4 =28 axa 28 ‘You should see thatthe order in which you add ‘or muiply does not matter. This sealed the commutative property, thats, atbebta or axhabxa [Notice that neither subtraction o division are 6-242-6 Wedede is Associative law “This property tells you that the order in which you ‘add or multiply three numbers does not matter For example, (a 3454+9=34(5+9=3414=17 G45)49=849=17 tb) 3x (59) Gx5)x9 BBs 135 In general, the associative law states that atb+o or (ax blXe atbte ax(bxe) [Notice again it does not hold true for subtraction or division, For example, (0-4) -349--3) (+3) 42494042 istributive law ‘This is the property you use when doing “Tong! ‘multiplications. For example, 6% 23 = 6x (2043) = 6x 20463 = 120+ 18 = 138 {In genera, the distributive law states that axb+daaxbtaxe Exercise 1X 11 dentfy the property of arithmetic used in these equations G) 7495947 () 3 1T = 17x33 © 6X U8) = 6X44 6x8 @M7+G49= 7449 (4X (13) = XE © Ox (LX 8 =X IDS w 2x tebe ty atx (a) 2) eabcal abs ( (83 ~ 16) x27 = 83X27 = 16% 27 W) 32469) +7 = 122 + GOL *TIdentities ‘The number zero, 0, when added to a number leaves it unchanged. For example, 7+0=17 -2)+0= -25 ‘The number, 0, is called the identity under addition. In the same way, the number, I, isthe identity under ‘multiplication. For example, 6x1=6 -187X 1 = -187 Inverses. Look at the equation S+(-5)=0 Here —5 is said to be the inverse of $ under addition because when the two number are added you get the identity, 0, Here isthe inverse of 5 under muliplcation, because the product ofthe to numbers leaves the Meni, oa (@)_-mukiplicative inverse of ~7 ) @ is additive inverse of? Exercise 1¥ 1. Find the additive inverse of: @ 6 ) -5 @ (@ -141 @n ©) -% COMPUTATION AND NUMBER 2, Find the multiplicative inverses of: (a) 5 (by ~6 17 (a) ¢ @ 32 © -1 3. Copy and complete the table ixgass = 1.11 Number bases ‘Quartus uses his fingers to count. He has four fingers ‘on each hand. He also has four hands. So, 4 fingers = 1 hand hands = 1 person Also, 7 fingers = | hand 3 fingers 8 fingers = 2 hands ‘Quartus expands his number system. Four people are called a gang and four gangs make a colony. ‘This type of number system is called base four. Exercise 1Z 41 Using Quartus base four system, write in fingers: (@) Thand 2 fingers (b) 3hands 1 finger (© [gang 2 fingers (@) 3gangs 2 hands (e) 2gangs 3 hands 1 finger 2. Write these amounts of fingers in terms of gangs, hands and fingers: (a) Fingers. (b) 12 fingers (©) 17 fingers (@ 40 fingers (@) 63 fingersCOMPUTATION AND NUMBER Changing base (Quartus works in hase four, We work in base ten sometimes called denary ‘Changing from base four to base tenis easy. Just remember the column headings. ‘Change 312 in hase four to base ten 3% = 3X IGT XSF DXT 44442 s4 Changing denary numbers to base four is harder. You ‘eed to find the numberof powers of four in that umber. E an ‘Change 9210 abase four umber 92 = 64+ 16 +12 = 1x6441X16+3K440%1 130 ae 1 isnot always easy 10 se the numberof 64's or 16's Jina number. Another way to work such problems is to keep dividing by the number base 4 and record the remainders, 2a 3 Answer 1130,_, 0 Exercise 1AA 1 Change these denary numbers to base fou. @9 MH @ 16 | 24 (©) 1) X34) 255 hy 256 2 Change these hase four numbers to denay. @ 1 m3 @ 12 @ 21 (©) 330 301 (2111 dy 3013 3. Change the denary numbers to base two (binary numbers. @3 m4 OS Ws @ 12 25 @3 ay) 66 4 Change these binary numbers to denary. (a) 111) 10101 (e) 10001 @ 11111 5 Add these binary numbers. G@ 11+ 10.) 101 +1 @ 1011 + LOL 6 Subtract these binary numbers. (a) 10) = 10 (b) 1101 ~ 110 1100-1 2 What isthe largest denary number that ean be hhandled by an 8-bt computer chip, that is. one that can use binary number with eight digits? 1.12 Ratio and proportion Ratio {ratio compares the sizes of two or more quantities For example, if the rato of sunny days to cloudy days in November is 1:4, then for every sunny day there are four cloudy days, Ut aes Inthe picture there are four girls and three boys. You ‘ean say thatthe ratio of girls to boys i 410 3043. You can also write a ratio asa fraction: umber of girls _ 4 numberof boys ~ 3 4 ‘Thats, the ratio 4:3 is Hinked to the fraction 5 Like fractions, ratios can be simplified by ‘multiplication or division by a common Factor.‘Write each ratio in its simplest form. (a) 16:56 (b) 40.em:3.m 16:56, [aor of se ana 5 @ +( : ss as 40:300 ao Exercise 1AB 1. Write each of these ratios in its simplest form. (a) 8:12 (b) 9:12 (©) 18:6 (a) 12:34 (@) 36:54) 27:81 (g) 24:72 (hy 112: 144) 248:132 2 Write each of these ratios in its simplest form, (a) 15cm:1m (b) 20em:2m (©) 1kg:400 g (@) 2 litres: 500 ml (©) 30mm:6em ——(f) Smm:6m (g) 0.3m:120em (hy 1.5ke:8008 4) $7.30:50.40 (j) 35 m:2 km 3. Write each of these ratios in its simplest form. (a) 15:40:60 (hy 18:24:36 (@ 48:72:112 (@) 35:49: 643 (©) Smm:Sem:Sm (f) 6g:50g:2ke (g) 30cm:6m:3km (hy Sem:7-m:8km them in the 1 compare wo ratios you need 10 form |: n. . Proportion A proportion ts you what fraction ofthe whole cach uni is For sample ft rato of sunny lo days 2 member is 1:4 then the proportion of sunny days i lovember is! 1 "November is and the proportion of eloudy days is 5 COMPUTATION AND NUMBER ered ‘The ratio of boys to girls in a school is 2:3. How many students are boys if the school has 450 children? There are 2 + 3 = 5 parts Proportion of boys Proportion of girls Nunterotboys = 2 450 = 10 ‘The same method can be used if the ratio is between three quantities. Tn concrete the ratio of cement to aggregate to sand ig 1:326. How much of each is needed to make 400 kg of concrete? ‘There are | +3 +6 = 10 parts Proportion of cement = Ie Sl- Proportion of aggregate = 7 al z a g g E ale Amount of aggregate = Amount of sand EiExercise 1AC 1 ‘Share $20 between Joy and Janice inthe ratio @ 19 Wd 3:7 A 28 2 Share the following between Alan and Andy in the given ratios, (@) oranges, in the ratio 6:4 (b) 55 mangoes, in the ratio 4:7 (©) 32 marbles in the ratio 7:1 (@) 72 fish, in the ratio 11:7 (©) 68hens, in the ratio 8:9 3 Brass contains copper and zine in the ratio 2:1 low much copper and zine ate there in: (a) 3g of beass (b) Sg of brass (©) 750 of brass? 4 The ratio of boys to girs in a school is 4:5. How many boys are inthe schoo! if there are: @) 900 students () 720 students? 5 The scaleona map is 1:25 000, Whats the actual distance, in kilometres, for map lengths of @ 6em © 8em (© em (@) 45cm? 6 Share $50 among Terry, Leroy and Johnson in the rato @) 13:6) 23:5 @ 4:7.9 | @3tist ‘The same ideas canbe use to slve more dificult problems involving the conceps of rato and proportion, ‘Aton, Beryl and Lindy share «sum of money in the ratio 2:37. Lindy ges $80 more than Beryl How much does Anon get? Lindy ets 7 pars ofthe sum Beryl gets 3 pars ofthe sum, Lindy gets 4 mere pars 1 Beryl, Four parts represent $80 So | part represents $80 + 4 = $20 Hence Anton ets2 * $20 = $40, Exercise 1AD 11 John, James and Jeremy share a sum of money in the ratio 1:2:5 Jeremy gets $60 more than James, (a) How much money was there altogether? (b) What was each person's share? 2 Delia and Ellen share some cupcakes between them in the ratio 9:4. How many cupcakes did ‘each get i Delia has 10 more cakes than Ellen? 3A length of wire is cut in the rato 4:5. What is the length ofthe frst piece ifthe second is 75 m in length? 4 Some oranges are shared among Ali, Alice and Any in the ratio 3:45, Amy receives {60 oranges. How many oranges does Ali get? 5 Acarcan travel 240 km on 30 litres of petro How much petrol is needed for an 800 km journey? § Thre workman can build a wal in five days How long would it take eight men? Exercise 1AE - mixed questions 1. Which number between 100 and 199 has the most factors? 2 Which numbers between 100 and 199 are prime? Kevin completes lap of an athletics track in ‘2's, Lester takes 80 5, while Mike does itn 90s. If the three start off atthe same time, when will they all meet again? 4 Copy and complete these grids wry ay ait 3 oO + soil -2 8 () Seon number i i “6 = 5 A eco bon 50m ng How mary 10} em eng of ion canbe eu fra i? How ch isbn i et ove?n 2 3 I walk j km to school then 24 km to the store and 1 km back home. How far do I walk altogether? A book weighs 0.42 kg. What is the weight of cach page if there are 160 pages and the cover weighs 260 g? A large flask holds sufficient coffee to exactly fill two large cups of ‘capacity 0.24 litres and four smaller ones of capacity 0.13 litres. What is the capacity of the flask? A crate of 24 soft drinks weighs 178 kg Ifthe empty crate weighs 3.5 kg what is the mass of each full bottle? ‘A matchbox contains 50 ‘matches, each of ‘mass; ¢. What is the mass of the full box if the empty box weighs 63g? ‘On each bounce a ball rises to } of its previous height. To what height will it rise after the fourth bounce, if dropped from a height of 81 em? ‘The temperature of a freezer falls by 5°C every 10, ‘minutes after itis switeh on, I its inital temperature is 17°C, what will be its temperature after: (a) 25 minutes (b) J hour © hours? (@) When will its temperature be Liver is sold for $23.16 a kilogram. ‘What is the cost of 0.24 kg of liver? 1sec? 4 5 16 7 18 19 COMPUTATION AND NUMBER, < A bottle of juice holds 2! titres How many glasses of juice ‘ean be poured from the bottle if each glass holds 3 litre? A halftitre jug is filled with milk. Itis used to fill two cups, one holding ! ite the other lire How much milk remains in the jug? Calculate the exact value of 0.03415 ~ 0.62 (@) correct to 2 decimal places (b) correct to 2 significant figures (6) in standard form. Evaluate 4.6 X 10° + 3.8 X 10°, giving your answer in standard form, 2.013 x 0.052 0.00: (a) correct to I decimal place (b) correct to I significant figure (6) in standard form. ‘A rectangular field has length 78.25 m and width 46.34 m, What isthe area of the field (a) cortect to 2 decimal places (b) correct to 3 significant figures? Express Work out (a) Write in denary (base I @ 6, 1, Git) 202, (b) Write in base two: @ 4 Gi 58 127 ©). Write in base eight: 16 a 71 ii) 259oir Example 1 Exercise 1 Work out: a tax (a) 13 ~ 0.062 (by 37.20.04 100 alculate each of these. wh (a) 25 x 40 3= 13.0050 37.2 + 0.04 = a2? = 3720 (b) 26 x 26 13088 Se Gash ; “00 (@ 245 +15 ~0.062 = 930 (©) 2142 +16 © 7491 +23 pao (g) 36+ 14 Example 2 (hy 0.48 + 9.2 + 280 Write: @ 346 + 003 + 14.92 (@) Zasa decimal, (b) 0.28 asa fraction, @ 137-19 sae ey (ky 39 ~ 3.89 6 @ 293 ~ 1.072 eataitien (am) 3.7.x 6 4375 (a) 148 x93 16)7.0000 (o) 082 x 0.43, 64 (44+ 04 60 (@ 132 + 008 4% () 045 +09 29 ui 2 Write as decimals. 1 3 9 x Is 20 @ 79 Mis OF Biz 39 ores @ © OG © onyour cateustor and rive gs factions, you will get 0.4375, (a) 04 (b) O82 © 0.09 ) 0315 ( 0048 Example 3 Round off 23 179 to 2 significant figures and write your answer in standard form, 4 Round off these numbers to: (i) 2 significant figures (Gi) I significant figure. eer eae (a) 483 (b) 602 (@) 743 (a) R34 (@) 71.243 BmMis 2 3 1 7 9 Here ‘two significant figures’ means to the nearest. Write in standard form. thousand * @ 9 (297 © BABI 23.179 = 23.000 (to 2s.) (a) 0.004 (@) 00136 Jn standard form: Application 1 : 6 Acommercial building in Kingston, Jamaica, is priced at US$202 000, Its floor size is 42 153.54 9q. f 5 {a)_ What is the cost per square foot of floor space’ {b) Weite down the price to one significant figure (©), Write the floor size in standard form. 23.000 = 2.3 x 10000 = 2.3 x 10!7 The world record for the 100 m sprint is held by Jamaica's Usain Bolt at 9.58 s. (a) Assuming he constant speed. how long does it take Bolt to run 10 At this speed, how far ean Bolt (1 second (ii) 38 seconds? \§, Support website ‘Want some extra practice? Go tothe support ‘website for further exercises, animations, and fully worked solutions. You should know we 11 How to mukiply and divide whole numbers. For example mx 516 +24 » 24 576 ‘0 ia 140 2410 280 = 23 « 10 oe ot m0 4x10 wx s % x 4 516+ w= 24 2 How w find LCM and HCEs, For example ‘What i the H.CLF and the LCM, of $6 and 72? 8 The rainfall in inches for St George's, Grenads Sep Oct Nov Dec (a) What was the total rainfall in inches forthe year? (by If Lem = 0,394 inches, what isthe total rainfall in em? (¢), What is the mean monthly rainfall for St George's in em? Check out 1 (a) What isthe cost of 74 bass ‘of cement, if each bag costs sis? (b) A box can hold 38 Ib of bananas. How many boxes are needed to hold 476 Ib of ‘bananas? 2. Find the LCM. and the HC of (a) 32and 48 (b) 96 and 112Prime factors of $6 = 2? x 7 Prime factors of 72. = 2° x 3° H.CE, = 2 = 8 (biggest factors common to both numbers) LOM, = 2) x 3x 7= 504 3. How to add and subtract negative numbers. For example “2 [ , ‘11 How to orders operations correctly. For example: 18+ 6 GB-IF-6x2=2- 12=-8 Oe 12 How to write numbers indifferent bases. For example: ) Magy = 2 64+ 7X 1 = 128 +7 = 135 in base ten (denary) 2) Change 13 t base two 2u3 2l6 61 23 ro art Ord 13 = 1101, 10 " 2 SS” Eee (a) Write correct to 3. fi) 7624 i 0.02169 (b) Write correct to 2 i) 29568 (i) 0.3140 (©) Write cortect to Is (752d 0.007 29 ‘Write in standard form, (@) 6000 (b) 6713 © 29180 1d) 0781 (© 0.0082 «0.00092 Calculate (@ 14x 6-3x2 ( F- 4x5 +2 ( 18+2-5x4 (2) Change to base ten @ 110, Gi) 1001, Gi) 2.) 367 (©) Change to base two O16 w 7 Gi oF a) 95