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Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Energy
EnergyProcedia
Energy 00115
Procedia
Procedia (2017)
00 000–000
(2017)
(2017) 369–382
000–000
International Conference – Alternative and Renewable Energy Quest, AREQ 2017, 1-3 February
2017, Spain
ApplyingConference
International the
ThePrinciples of Green
15th –International
Alternative and Architecture
Renewable
Symposium forAREQ
Energy Quest,
on District Heating Saving
and 2017,Energy
Cooling in
1-3 February
2017, Spain
Buildings
Assessing the feasibility of using the heat demand-outdoor
Applying the Principles of Greena*,Architecture for Ibrahim
SavingAbd
Energy in
temperature
Prof. function
Dr. Osama Ahmed forMasood
Ibrahim a long-term district
Dr. Eng. heat
Mohamed demand forecast
Al-Hadyb,
Buildings
Ahmed Khamies Mohamed Alic
a,b,c a a b c
I. Andrić *, A. Pina
a Professor of Architecture , P.President
and Vice Ferrão ,a J.Graduate
of Post FournierStudies.,&B. Lacarrière
Researches , O. Le
- Suez University Correc b
- Egypt
Prof. Dr. Osama
a b Lecturer,Ahmed IbrahimConstructions
Civil and Architectural MasoodDep., *, Faculty
Dr. Eng. Mohamed
of Industrial Education -Ibrahim Abd
Suez University Al-Hady ,
- Egypt
IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research - Instituto Superior Técnico, Av.
c Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
bAhmed
c Demonstrator, Architectural Constructions Khamies Mohamed
Department, Faculty of IndustrialAli
Education, Beni-Suef University - Egypt
Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Daniel, 78520 Limay, France
c
Département Systèmes Énergétiques et Environnement - IMT Atlantique, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44300 Nantes, France
a Professor of Architecture and Vice President of Post Graduate Studies & Researches - Suez University - Egypt
b Lecturer, Civil and Architectural Constructions Dep., Faculty of Industrial Education - Suez University - Egypt
Abstract c Demonstrator, Architectural Constructions Department, Faculty of Industrial Education, Beni-Suef University - Egypt
Abstract
Since the United Nations Conference, which was held under the title of "Earth Summit" in 1992, striving for achieving
sustainable development must also include a complete realization for fulfilment buildings and towns which is characterized by
District heating networks are commonly addressed in the literature as one of the most effective solutions for decreasing the
Abstract
sustainability principle, after the conference lots of serious global trends began to appear and tried to accomplish with the
greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. These systems require high investments which are returned through the heat
environment and these trends called contemporary trends of environmental design, one of the most important trends is "green
sales.theDue
Since Unitedto the changed
Nations climate conditions andheld building renovation ofpolicies, heat demand in thestriving
future could decrease,
architecture" which focusesConference, which was
on the relationship between under
buildings the and
titlenatural, "Earth
this Summit"
trend appearedin 1992,as a reactionfor for achieving
facing the
prolonging
sustainable the investment
development return period.
environmental problemsmust also include
and health a complete
risks which occurred realization
becausefor of fulfilment
the buildings buildings
whichand havetowns which is characterized
no environmental dimensionbyin
The main scope of thisafter
sustainability papertheis to assess the feasibility of using the trends
heat demand began –tooutdoor
appear temperature
and tried tofunction for heat demand
their designs principle,
or the importance ofconference
keeping thelots of serious
energy and theglobal
natural resources. accomplish with the
forecast. The
environment and district
these of Alvalade,
trends called located in Lisbon
contemporary trends (Portugal),
of was used
environmental as a one
design, caseofstudy.
the The important
most district istrends
consisted
is of 665
"green
Most of buildings nowadays disregards weather and its effect, also the cooling purpose increases the energy consumption, on the
buildings that
architecture" which varyfocuses
in bothonconstruction
therapid
relationship period and typology. Three weatherthis scenarios appeared
(low, medium, high) and three district
other hand the problems of the depletionbetween
of energy buildings
appears, andbecause
natural, of thetrend
continuous need as aforreaction
energyfor to facing
design theand
renovation
environmental scenarios
problems were
and developed
health risks (shallow,
which intermediate,
occurred because deep).
of theTo estimate
buildings the
which error,
have obtained
no heat
environmentaldemand values were
dimension in
coexistence inside the buildings but all the time this energy is being wasted because of users or wrong design of building which
compared
their designs with
or theresults from aof
importance dynamic
keeping heat
thedemand
energy model,
and previously
thefigure
natural developed and validated by the authors.
make it exhauster for energy during the time, when we can outresources.
that it is possible with little effort and time to study how to
Theofresults
Most showed
buildings that when
nowadays only weather
disregards change itsis considered, the marginpurpose
of errorincreases
could bethe acceptable for some applications
improve the efficiency of energy used weather and or
in building effect,
decrease also
thethe
wastecooling
of energy in return energy
for energy consumption,
saving on the
and consumption
(thehand
other errorthein annual
problems demand
of thewas lower
rapid than 20%
depletion of for all appears,
energy weather scenarios
because considered).
of the continuousHowever,need after
for introducing
energy to renovation
design and
regulation, here comes the importance role architectural designer to solve this problems, and there are lots of desirable trends
scenarios,inside
coexistence the error the value
buildingsincreased
but all upthetotime
59.5%this (depending
energy is on the
being weather
wasted and renovation
because of users or scenarios
wrong combination
design of considered).
building which
provides using the new and rentable energy (like sun energy and wind energy) which cope up with the basics and principles of
The value
make of slope coefficient
duringincreased
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to 8% pereffort
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greenitarchitecture
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which is environment-friendly, when we can
and figure
all of that out
justthat
to provide possible
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study
to save ittoor
decrease
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the number of of heating
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decrease thewaste
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the combination
saving and of weather and
consumption
finding an future alternative. And as a extraction for the basics and principles of green architecture lots of real goals were resulted
renovation
regulation, herescenarios
comes considered).
the importance Onrole the architectural
other hand, function intercept increased for 7.8-12.7% per
are decade of (depending on the
for this trend like achieving good thermal environmentaldesigner for userstoand solvealsothis
good problems,
ventilationandand there
natural lots
lighting desirable
and thattrends
can be
coupled
provides scenarios). The values suggested could be used to modify the function parameters for the scenarios considered, ofand
done by usingusing the manynewapplication
and rentable andenergy (like sunprocessors
environmental energy andtowind help energy)
rationalize which cope up with
consumption the basics
the energy andandmeansprinciples
of modern
improve the accuracy of heat demand estimations.
green architecture which is environment-friendly, and all of that just to provide the current needs of energy and try to save it or
finding an future alternative. And as a extraction for the basics and principles of green architecture lots of real goals were resulted
©©this
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Published byElsevier
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environmental
B.V. for users and also good ventilation and natural lighting and that can be
Peer-review
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done by using under
under
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application of
of the
and the Scientific Committee
organizing committee
environmental processors ofAREQ
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help International Symposium on District Heating and
2017.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +2-0100-152-4263; fax: +0-000-000-0000
Cooling. . rationalize consumption the energy and means of modern
E-mail address: osama_massoud@hotmail.com
Keywords: Heat demand; Forecast; Climate change
1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
* Corresponding
Peer-review underauthor. Tel.: +2-0100-152-4263;
responsibility fax: +0-000-000-0000
of the organizing committee .
of AREQ 2017.
E-mail address: osama_massoud@hotmail.com
1876-6102
1876-6102© 2017
© 2017TheThe
Authors. Published
Authors. by by
Published Elsevier B.V.
Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under
Peer-review responsibility
under of the
responsibility organizing
of the Scientificcommittee
Committeeof of
AREQ 2017.
The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.
1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of AREQ 2017.
10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.034
2 Osama Ahmed Ibrahim Masood / Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000
mechanical
370 treatments to produce energyOsamain Ahmed
clean and renewable
Ibrahim Masood way,
et al. /also to be
Energy environment-friendly
Procedia and that is the mean goal
115 (2017) 369–382
of that research which aims to create a building tandem with environment and comfortable for its users to help them doing their
daily activities in a convenient way.
mechanical
© 2017 The treatments to produce
Authors. Published byenergy in B.V.
Elsevier clean and renewable way, also to be environment-friendly and that is the mean goal
of that research
Peer-review which
under aims to create
responsibility of thea organizing
building tandem with of
committee environment
AREQ 2017. and comfortable for its users to help them doing their
daily activities in a convenient way.
© 2017 The
Keywords: Authors. Published
environmental by Elsevier
design; green B.V.
architecture; new and renewable energy.
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of AREQ 2017.
Keywords: environmental design; green architecture; new and renewable energy.

1. The Research Problem
THE MAIN PROPLEM LIES IN THIS PAPER IN THAT the design of most buildings in the hot and cold areas
1. The Research Problem
ignoring the affection of the climate that surrounds the building and its affection on the internal climate of the
building and therefore this design ignore also the necessary of achieving the thermal comfort for users by using the
THE MAIN PROPLEM LIES IN THIS PAPER IN THAT the design of most buildings in the hot and cold areas
natural techniques of the environmental designing and green architecture thought which affect obviously on users
ignoring the affection of the climate that surrounds the building and its affection on the internal climate of the
health and doing the different activates inside the building, On the other hand this design can achieve the thermal
building and therefore this design ignore also the necessary of achieving the thermal comfort for users by using the
comfort but by depending on the different mechanical means which is economically costly and consuming energy
natural techniques of the environmental designing and green architecture thought which affect obviously on users
and also pollute the environment in large percent, also achieving a lighting environment by consuming large
health and doing the different activates inside the building, On the other hand this design can achieve the thermal
amounts of electricity to light the lamps in the day , though it is necessary to provide the means and the
comfort but by depending on the different mechanical means which is economically costly and consuming energy
environmental treatments which achieve the principle of saving and energy used in the buildings by provide the
and also pollute the environment in large percent, also achieving a lighting environment by consuming large
thermal comfort and natural lighting environment and also rationalize consumption the energy, and that can be
amounts of electricity to light the lamps in the day , though it is necessary to provide the means and the
applied using the basics and standards the green architecture on this buildings.
environmental treatments which achieve the principle of saving and energy used in the buildings by provide the
thermal comfort and natural lighting environment and also rationalize consumption the energy, and that can be
2. The Main Target of the Paper
applied using the basics and standards the green architecture on this buildings.
The main object of the paper is applying the basics and the principles of the green architecture upon the buildings
2. The Main Target of the Paper
in order to rationalize consumption the energy by finding the environmental treatments architectural and means for
and find new solutions for producing new and renewable energy.
The main object of the paper is applying the basics and the principles of the green architecture upon the buildings
in order to rationalize consumption the energy by finding the environmental treatments architectural and means for
3. The Main Axes of the Research
and find new solutions for producing new and renewable energy.
This research includes three chef axes as the following:
3. The Main Axes of the Research
3.1. First axis: the means of rationalization of energy consumption in the building
3.2. The second axis: models of global and Arabian experiments, which apply the principles of the green
This research includes three chef axes as the following:
architecture in some of the buildings
3.1. First axis: the means of rationalization of energy consumption in the building
3.3. The third axis: The basics, targets, and the means of the green architecture in order to provide the buildings
3.2. The second axis: models of global and Arabian experiments, which apply the principles of the green
with energy
architecture in some of the buildings
3.3. The third axis: The basics, targets, and the means of the green architecture in order to provide the buildings
with energy
3.1. The ways of rationalization of energy consumption in the buildings
Due to the rising cost of energy resources and its techniques, the process of production and process of
3.1. The ways of rationalization of energy consumption in the buildings
transmission and distribution, so great awareness started to appear to rationalization of energy consumption and
improving its efficiency, some governments realized the consumed quantity in cooling and warming, so those
Due to the rising cost of energy resources and its techniques, the process of production and process of
governments organized that by impose taxes and laws in order to prevent the increase of energy consuming. Then a
transmission and distribution, so great awareness started to appear to rationalization of energy consumption and
stormy wave of books and researchers started which forced the Economists and architectures towards rationalization
improving its efficiency, some governments realized the consumed quantity in cooling and warming, so those
of energy consumption, and trying to reduce of consuming it, and because of that, they refused the Economic
governments organized that by impose taxes and laws in order to prevent the increase of energy consuming. Then a
valuation by using money, and decided to take the units of energy as a Standard instead of money (3).
stormy wave of books and researchers started which forced the Economists and architectures towards rationalization
of energy consumption, and trying to reduce of consuming it, and because of that, they refused the Economic
valuation by using money, and decided to take the units of energy as a Standard instead of money (3).
Osama Ahmed Ibrahim Masood et al. / Energy Procedia 115 (2017) 369–382 371
Osama Ahmed Ibrahim Masood / Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 3
In general, there is great wasted quantity of energy its

percentage different according to each element in the
building and it can be detected in the explained points in
figure (1) as the following:
(1)15% of buildings heat is being wasted because of the
Leakage resulting from the outer shell.
(2)10% is wasted through the windows and doors.
(3) 35% through walls.
(4) 25% through roofs.
(5) 15% through the ground of the first floor or the
Basement.
Figure (1) Building elements that roars energy
3.1.1. Concept of Rationalization of Energy Consumption

The meaning of rationalization of energy consumption is “The optimal use of available energy by investing with
more possible means to gain the maximum economical profits”(2). That requires integrated planning and
rationalization of energy resources consumption and Make an effort to increase the using efficacy in all the sectors
that use energy like: The upstream sector, production, transmission and distribution or in the final use sectors of
energy.
3.1.2. The Importance of Rationalization of Energy Consumption in Buildings

The importance of rationalization of energy consumption assimilate in (2):
(1) Preserving the energy and this element is so necessary because it may result in Capital increase, the
environmental value and national security, personal security and Comfortable for humans.
(2) Resulting in reduce the energy demand for every user and that’s also would reduce the need of building
electricity stations.
(3) Reduce polluting emissions, which causes climate changes.
(4) Reduces the depletion and continuous consuming for the unrenewable energy sources.
Therefore, the choice of improving the energy efficiency and rationalization of energy consumption is the most
important choice for the long term because it considered alternate for new production to rationalization of energy
consumption in most cases economically, it Costs less than establishing new building for producing this energy.
3.1.3. The Ways and Axes of Rationalization of Energy Consumption in Buildings

Improving the efficiency of energy and rationalization of energy consumption in buildings depends on the
Procedures and the actions taken by the building users and the energy administration in those buildings that can be
classified according to three axes as following (3):
 First axis: Rationalization of energy consumption with respect to the same building.
 Second axis: Rationalization of energy consumption with respect to instruments, tools, and systems used in
the building.
 Third axis: Rationalization of energy consumption with respect to the users of the building.
3.1.3.1. Rationalization of Energy Consumption with Respect to the Same Building

The process of Rationalization of energy consumption with respect to the same building considers from the most
important factors and from the necessary issues for the Architect to provide the building and the Architectural
vacuum with such principle. In addition, that can be achieved by the following:
1) The design of the building must cope up with the Architectural and environmental trends and taking into
consideration that the building must appropriate the environmental conditions and topographic, solar energy,
and climatic surrounding and that will increase its thermal efficiency.
372 Osama Ahmed Ibrahim Masood et al. / Energy Procedia 115 (2017) 369–382
2) The implementation of the building design

specially the outer coat, and it is necessary to use
the isolation materials in order to reduce the
thermal load using the suitable materials in the
walls, doors, roofs and widows which also includes
the use of doubled glazing (1), figure (2) Taking into
account the accuracy in execution.
3) The way of directing the building and special
formation of building must be towards the wind
direction to get a good ventilation and also towards
the angles of indirect light to provide natural
lighting.
3.1.3.2. Rationalization of Energy Consumption with

Respect to Instruments, Tools, and Systems Used in the
Building Figure (2) Variety in the design of the outer shell of
Many ways and means has been used to rationalization the building, taking into account the good Directive
of energy consumption specially during choosing the tools
and the instruments with high efficiency for energy
consuming that when it works, it doesn’t effect on the required level for services needed in the building, It can be
divided to many fields:
1) The ideal use for the Setups service in the buildings: such as water heating devices, central air conditioning
(cooling and warming), and Cooking different devices. And because of the variety of kinds, forms and
sources of those devices, we have to make the right and suitable choice of the power for each device to
supplies with the required energy and install the device in the suitable place and Take care not to put it
near the sources of ventilation also we should keep the used parts of the device clean in the certain times
in order to get high efficiency of during the work time and it’s so important to isolate the water pipes and
air ducts (cold, hot) by using good thermal isolation which resist the climate conditions figure(3). Also its
necessary to put the good isolated hot water tanks beside the using points, so it could be easy to reduce the
thermal Losses from the pipes figure(4),and there is a great need to automatic self-control unit which
control in temperature degrees and working times (4), and it is used more broadly inside the commercial
offices Spaces and administrative Spaces in the malls and retail stores figure(5).
Figure (5) Comelit Simple device

Figure (3) Isolate water pipes and Figure (4) Isolate the hot water to control internal temperatures in
cold air ducts tanks one of buildings
2) Utilization of Self-control devices and their

application on service devices in the buildings:
nowadays, the idea of producing electrical and
services devices which have the advantage of
rationalization of energy consumption spread
widely, which resulted in using of Self-control
devices whether if it were mechanical or electrical
and it became a basic thing in designing this
devices in order to organize its work with high
efficiency to reduce the consumed energy during Figure (6) Control the intensity of the lighting
operating, and there are lots of prototypes of the system automatically and provider in the effort
Self-control devices. by 50%
Which can be installed on energy resources near to Smart Outdoor Lighting System device in one of
the setups service like installing the self-control buildings
devices on the Lighting lines to control the times of
operating the light and determine intensity of
illumination its (4). Figure (6)
3.1.3.3. Rationalization of Energy Consumption with Respect to the Users of the Building
This principle can be achieved by fowling the Procedures to be followed by the users of the building and
determine the suitable means and ways to spread the principles of rationalization to prevent the extravagance in
using energy in the building, the most important procedures are (4):
1. Adoption of measures and the necessary instructions in order to get the best Energy Administration.
2. Develop awareness programs directed to all the groups of users though all the media and advertising
methods.
3. Rising the level of rehabilitation of technocracy and decision makers in the field of rationalization of energy
consumption and also improving the efficiency of using energy in the buildings sector through organizing
suitable training courses for each technical level.
4. Financial provision to apply the awareness programs to make the consumers understands the principles and
the instructions, convince them, and consider this the best investment in energy field and better than
investment in any other field.
5. The issuance of appropriate legislation, both legal ones by government bodies or financial through financing
funds and banks to enable the implementation of rationalization and improvement of energy efficiency
Procedures.
6. Take in consideration the subject of "improving the efficiency of using energy" as an investment field with
establishing new buildings for energy production.
The principle of rationalization of energy consumption can be achieved through the effective utilization of energy
during working on reducing energy consuming with achieving high efficiency for energy in the building we can then
understand that the principle of rationalization of energy consumption doesn’t means working without energy or
reduce providing the building with energy or ignoring the needs of building for energy, no, the real meaning of
rationalization of energy consumption is the detection of the wasted energy and take the necessary steps to reduce
this wasted quantity of energy to the possible degree.
3.2. Prototypes for the Global and Arabian Experiments Applied to the Green Architecture Principles in Some
Buildings
As following, we present a show for some models of global and Arabian buildings that has been used the green
architecture standard in their design, to conclude what are the best basics and means that have been used in those
buildings to get the full advantage and applying it to save the energy in the building. Some of those building got the
LEED certification as an evaluation standard for the green architecture and that reinforce the using of this means and
how to get the full benefits so then we can have an Environment Friendly building:
3.2.1. Great River Energy Headquarters Building

Introducing the building
- This building located in state of Minnesota in the United States of America.
- The building got the platinum LEED certification (14) by USGBC
- The number of floors: 6
- An area of 1666.000 square-feet
- The date of project ends: mars, 2008
- Climate: Tropical
Environmental Architecture Processors of the Building
1) The Architectural Design of the Building
- The perfect direction for the building to get benefits of sun light for the natural lighting in the morning and
Granulocytes wind for good ventilation.
- Choose the horizontal extension instead of the vertical Extension to guarantee the ventilation and good
lighting, figure (7) and to find wide areas to put the solar energy production units.
- Building beside water body to improve the quality of air surrounded by the building, figure (8).
Figure (7) Figure (8)
2) The Environmental Processors to Supply the Building by the Natural Lighting

- Recruit the Atriums to provide the building with natural lighting, figure (9)
- The interfaces have been designed using doubled glazing to improve the internal lighting.
- 3/4 of the building is being exposed to natural lighting intensity by 25 lumens / Square feet from the natural
lighting during daytime.
3) The Environmental Processors to Provide the Natural Ventilation

- Using ventilation displacively to provide the natural Ventilation with 20%, where the replacement occurs for
the hot air found in emptiness with the cold air through the roof or walls, figure (10).
- Air entry and exit from Atriums holes, which helps to improve the quality of internal air.
4) The Environmental Processors for Rationalization and Re-use
- Implementation of the systems for re-use the water of rain.
- The using of can be reduced by 89% through using the gain of rainwater on the roof, and the modern
installations in the building.
- The treatment of wastewater and re-use it in watering the plant elements, figure (11).

5) The Means of Producing Clean Energy (New and Renewable Energy)
- Investment the photovoltaic cells to produce solar energy, figure (12).
- Using wind turbines for electricity production, figure (12).
- The building gets about 14% of its needs of energy from renewable energy (10%from wind turbines and 3-
5% from photo voltaic cells).
6) The Green Architecture Processors Environmental –Friendly
- Using environmental –friendly materials like wood.
- Implementation of the plant elements with low consuming of water.
- All paints and building materials leak-proof.
3.2.2. Endesa Headquarter Building

- This building located in Madrid town Spain, figure (13)
- The building has the golden LEED certification (12).
- Numbers of floors: 8
- Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates

- The project ends in 2002
- Climate: Mild.
Figure (13)
- In order to get good ventilation and natural lighting, the building must be directed towards the northeast.
- Recruit the formation of the building to obtain good ventilation and achieving the achieving solar shadows for
interfaces and roofs, figure (14).
- Covering the interfaces of building with double layer of curtain wall to ensure a good eye contact and also to
improve the natural lighting and reduce the solar radiation and the sound pollution, Figure (15).
- Selecting the horizontal extension for the building to allow achieving the best advantage from the granulated
wind and to get optimal lighting.

- Implementation of the Atrium with internal yard to supply the natural lighting and well coated by reinforced
glass ceiling, figure (16).
- Improving the natural lighting through using glassy Interfaces in all the entire building.
- Recruit Sunshades in the Southern interfaces which is the most exposed parts to sun rays in order to reduce
the solar rays and achieve a good vision for the users of the building without being dazzling, figure (19).

- The good ventilation depends on special designing for the atrium up eight floors and that helps the cold air to
enter to the internal holes while the hot air goes out.
- Utilization of Wind catcher air on the roof of the Atrium to increase its move and regeneration of air, figure
(17).
- Passes a cold air through ducts under the concrete tiles in order to reduce the process of gaining thermal to
improving internal air environment, figure (18).

- Using the devices of rationalizing the use of drinking water inside bathrooms, which works with optical
sensors to rationalization energy consuming.
- During a period of six years, the consuming of electricity, gas, and water has been reduced with more than 25%
as a part of the Ecological efficiency plan for the company (15).
- Re-use about 990 Tones from rubbish, which represented in (Cardboard, plastic, aluminum, glass, paper) in
2007.
- Using photovoltaic cells in the roof of the atriums to convert the solar energy to electrical energy, figure (19).
- All the Paints and the building materials, which is against leakage and not harmful to human health.
- Cultivate about 50.000 tree around the building to decrease the emission of carbon dioxide to preserve the
environment (15).
3.2.3. Bahrain World Trade Center

- Located in Manama-Bahrain (6), figure (20).
- Number of floors: 50 (twins building).
- Area of site: 3000 m2.
- End date for the project 2008.
- Architect: ATKINS CO.
- Climate: Tropical.

- The good direction of the building towards water body to provide natural ventilation.
- The two towers have been designed like Sail-shaped, and between them, there is a cavity allows to get full
benefits of the wind around the building.
- The roofs have been isolated with deep layers of the gravel to provide the thermal isolation for the roofs of the
building.
- Making large areas from sunshades to provide large shaded areas on the outer area for the two towers, figure
(21).
- Using terrace to offer Shaded areas on the glass surfaces.
- Using sistrum to provide the natural lighting, figure (22).
- Utilization of the curtain walls in designing the interfaces to rationalization of energy consumption and to
improve the quality of the internal lighting
- Saving about 95% from the artificial lighting by using natural lighting during work at the daytime.

- The good direction for the building considers a main factor to provide the building by the desirable wind and
facilitate the task of entering inside the holes, figure (23).
- The shape of the building helped the good distribution for the directed air for the building to use it in the
internal holes.
- The sunshades and the Curtain walls helped a lot in reducing the internal temperature and thus achieving a
good air environment.
- The good implementation of the air for wind catcher air r each tower length to achieve a good ventilation for
the internal holes, figure (24).
- Using doubled Sewer systems, which separate the polluted water and rubbish and allow recycling for
extracted water.
- Collecting rainwater and purifies it and then re-use it.
- Using wind turbines in producing electricity, and it’s able to provide about 11-16% from the total
consumption of energy in the both towers and that’s equals saving electricity for about 300 house, figure (25).
- Using photovoltaic cells to operate the ways and lighting the areas around the two towers to save electricity.


- Using in forestation in wide range to prevent the emission of carbon dioxide and ensuring Shading for
parking.
- Using wood in finishing most of floors and some of the internal holes of walls (12).
- All the harmless building materials and recyclable materials.
3.3. The Basics, Goals, and Means of Green Architecture to Save and Provide the Building with Energy
The green architecture aims to study how we can design an architectural building with the advantage of saving
energy, by a civilized behavior working to achieve the thermal comfort and also the optical and the audio comfort
for all the users of the building by all the available ways, with the help of the previous global studies and
experiments we could deduced the most important principles, standard and means for this trend to get all the
benefits to achieve rationalization of energy and comfort for the users of the building.
12
380 Osama Ahmed
Osama Ibrahim
Ahmed Masood
Ibrahim / Energy
Masood et al. Procedia 00 (2017)115
/ Energy Procedia 000–000
(2017) 369–382
4. Conclusion
The implementation of the principles and basics of green architecture and resorting to environmental design
trends consider from the most successful followed ways to get rid of the increasing energy problems and also the
problem of energy depletion those principles also preserves on achieving comfort for the users of the buildings by
ensuring the thermal comfortable, natural ventilation and natural lighting not only this but also it can save and
provide the building with its needs from energy by taking full advantage from the natural energies like: (solar
energy, wind energy and water energy), which helps to reduce energy consuming also it helps to get benefit from
rain water, gray water and wastes of buildings instead of leaving it pollute the environment, the principles of green
architecture demanding of recycling for all this elements and using it to, maintain a clean environment and get
benefits from the new and renewable energies studying the global and local buildings, which apply the green
architecture and gained certificates for of rationalization of energy consumption like LEED, the desired targets have
been extracted by application of the green natural methods and modern techniques which is unamortized of energy
in order to reach to a commercial building and environment – friendly.
5. Findings and Recommendations
Findings
 The principles of the green architecture have been implemented to have environmental and architectural
processors helps to rationalization of energy in buildings according to (formatting of the building, direction of
the building, designing of the interfaces, thermal controlling elements, natural lighting, natural ventilation, the
good employment of rationalization of energy, and finally recycling and future expansion).
 Respecting for the principles of the green architecture by preserving the environment, climate adaptation,
rationalization of consumption for the new sources and respect the site, the environment, and on the other side
respecting the users of the building, which considers the most important entries to preserving the environment
and the building.
 Implementation of the plant elements the aqua elements and their ability to provide the thermal comfort for
the building.
 Necessary of resorting to the environmental design (the negative design for the building) by using the
architectural elements such as sistrum and internal yards water bodies, internal gardens, roof gardens, Because
of their ability of achieving the goals of the green architecture and rationalize consumption the energy in the
building.
 Get benefits of the new and renewable energies in providing the commercial buildings with energy like solar
energy and wind energy.
 We must not forget the modern architectural elements and the smart productive techniques, which have the
advantages of rationalization of energy and keep up with progress by using the modern technology also it is
environmental –friendly.
 The research found that the presence of applications at the local level is still limited compared to the
applications at a global level.
Recommendations
 The study recommends applying the basics and principles of green architecture principles to achieve
rationalization of energy consumption in the building with necessary of studying the architecture elements in
building and the environmental elements surrounded by the building to get the full benefits of it.
 Formulation of laws for environmental laws and regulations that support the positive solution of the green
architectures’ thought which cope up with the environment and the constructions areas.
 It is necessary for the architects and researchers to have the full knowledge of the basics and principles of the
green architecture and the environmental designing to find architecture environment suit with the already
existing building or the modern buildings in order to achieving preserving the environment.
 For the establishments and the responsible authorities they must update the necessary laws to keep the natural
balance for the environment in the fields of (environment, architecture, Site Coordination, planning) In order
to preserve the environment and prevent infringements.
 For educational institutions and Academic establishments, the need to promote a culture of preserving the
natural environment and the built environment and green architecture theory to achieve factors of Satiate the
basics needs (thermal comfort, Physiological comfort and convenience Visual) for the current generations and
the coming generations.
References
The Arabian references
1- Mohammed Mukhaimar Abu Zaid, Residential Buildings Self-power Supply- Design using Renewable Energy as an Input to the Design
of the Environmental, Master Thesis, Architecture department, Faculty of engineering, Ain-Shams University, February 2004.
2- Amal Kamal Mohammad Shams El-din, Rationalization of Energy Consumption in the Process of Construction of the Building, Master
Thesis, Ain-Shams University, 2003.
3- Ahmed Desouki Fajal, Integrated Relationship Between the Natural Energy Sources and Environmental Compatibility in Tourist
Resorts, Master Thesis, Cairo University, 2002.
4- Magda Ibrahim Ahmed Badr, Smart Architecture as an Entry Point for the Application of Technological Development in the
Environmental Control and the Rationalization of Energy Consumption of Buildings, Master Thesis, Cairo University,2010.
5- Yahiya Wazeri, Architectural Design Eco-Friendly - Green Architecture, Madbouly library, first edition, 2003.
6- Shahd Abdel Reda Musa Abbasy, Application of the Principles of Green Architecture for the Rationalization of Energy Consumption in
Residential Buildings, faculty of engineering, Master Thesis, Cairo University, 2011.
7- Nahla Abdel Tawab Mohamed Mohamed, Study the Effect of Renewable Energy Systems for the Design of the Outer Shell of the
Building, Master Thesis, Architectural engineering department, Cairo University, 2008.
8- Shaima El-Said Amin Saboor, Construction and Architecture Solar Positive and Methods of Integration of Photovoltaic Cells with
Buildings, Master Thesis, Architectural engineering department, Cairo University, 2010.
9- National Center for Research on Housing and Construction, The Egyptian code to Improve Energy Efficiency in Buildings - Part II:
Commercial Buildings, Code No. (306/2), 2005.
The Foreign references
10- Passaint Mohamed Massoud Ibrahim, The Effect Of Digital Design Tools On Green Architecture, M.Sc. Thesis, Architecture
Department, Ain Shams University, 2008.
11- David Gissen, Big and Green: Towards Sustainable Architecture in the 21st Century, Priceton Architectural Press, New York and
National Building, Washington, 2003.
Electronic sites
12- http://ar.wikipedia.org
13- http://www.aiatopten.org
14- http://www.archiscene.net/endesa-headquarters-kpf

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Keywords: environmental design; green architecture; new and renewable energy.

In general, there is great wasted quantity of energy its

3.1.1. Concept of Rationalization of Energy Consumption

3.1.2. The Importance of Rationalization of Energy Consumption in Buildings

3.1.3. The Ways and Axes of Rationalization of Energy Consumption in Buildings

3.1.3.1. Rationalization of Energy Consumption with Respect to the Same Building

2) The implementation of the building design

3.1.3.2. Rationalization of Energy Consumption with

Figure (5) Comelit Simple device

2) Utilization of Self-control devices and their

3.2.1. Great River Energy Headquarters Building

Figure (7) Figure (8)

2) The Environmental Processors to Supply the Building by the Natural Lighting

Figure (9) Figure (10)

3) The Environmental Processors to Provide the Natural Ventilation

Figure (11) Figure (12)

3.2.2. Endesa Headquarter Building

- Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates

Figure (14) Figure (15)

Figure (16) Figure (17)

3) The Environmental Processors to Provide the Natural Ventilation

Figure (18) Figure (19)

4) The Environmental Processors for Rationalization and Re-use

3.2.3. Bahrain World Trade Center

Figure (20) Figure (21)

Environmental Architecture Processors of the Building

Figure (22) Figure (23)

Figure (24) Figure (25)

5. Findings and Recommendations

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