Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CATBALOGAN CITY

Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS AND IMMERSION
FOR QUARTER 3, WEEK 5
Name: _______________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________________
School: ______________________________________ Teacher: ________________________________

Competency: 1. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature

General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises. Read the directions carefully before doing each task. Return this
activity sheet to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

I. Explore
Let’s Recall…
Directions: Read carefully the given citations used by the researcher on her study
entitled The Online Distance Learning: Its Impact to Students Performance. Then,
answer the questions the proceeding questions.
According to Panigrahi et.al. (2018) proposed that the integration of virtual communities
to online learning platforms may cause a better outcome and engagement. Also, Picciano
(2002) found out in his study that the success of many online course is dependent upon
the nature of student to student and student to faculty interaction. Moreover, in the
study of Salamat et.al. (2018) they highlighted that e-learning provides time flexibility to
the students and it motivates students to do their work without the help of others.
Furthermore, through their study they have found out that the students feel more
comfortable when they are using the internet. Salamat et.al (2018) concluded the e-
learning system in education is effective for students.
(Source: Herrera, M.G. (2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-Q3-M4-Citation of Review
of Related Literature. Department of Education. Philippines.)

1. Did the researcher use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style?
Prove your answer in two (2) to three (3) sentences.

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2. What do you think are the commonalities and differences of the information that the
researcher mentioned above?
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Priming Activity:
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below. Based from the given analogy, define the
word or term in one to two sentences. Write your answer on the space provided.

T H E S Y N S I S

An Analogy: Making Music out of Noise

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II. Learn

What is it/Discussion of the Topic

As the researcher progresses on the paper that she writes, it is just right that she
must conduct a synthesis of RRL for her to be able to identify the strength and
weaknesses of each of the sources that she has cite on her manuscript. Most of the
student-researcher nowadays takes a hard time to scholarly synthesize an information.

Let us discuss in a comprehensible way on how you will synthesize all the
information that you have on your Review of Related Literature.

Synthesizing an RRL must demonstrate a critical analysis of the papers or sources

that the researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to
integrate the results of her analysis on Chapter II. A synthesis must also be evaluated
and weighed critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or skill that
requires critical analysis, creativity, and insightful mind of a researcher. It also contrasts
and combines information and ideas from the gathered sources of the researcher. It also
gives an integration of information from different sources to highlight important points of
connection and relatedness, to address similarities and differences and draw conclusion.

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Synthesizing a collection of RRL combines parts and elements from a variety of sources
into one unified and integrated entity.

How to synthesize a review of Related Literature?

In a person’s daily routine, they always experience synthesizing information from

different sources, such as from the stories you have heard from a new source and
discussions about the same topic with others.

Below are the steps on how to synthesize a Review of Related Literature.

1. Digest the material and understand the content of the sources.

In this process, you have to determine and identify similarities among the articles by
group in terms of concepts, patterns, and relationship. You may ask these questions
within yourself.

-Did the author used similar conceptual and theoretical framework, sample participants,
methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what way are the findings similar?

-Are there any studies that served as an extension of another study?

Remember you should be noting not only the articles that are similar but how they are
similar.

2. Review and critically analyze the sources.

This second step may determine the differences and contradictions among the articles by
group. You can ask these questions to yourself.

-Did the authors used different conceptual and theoretical framework, sample
participants, methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what ways are the findings different and contradictory?

3. Synthesize the content of the information that you have gathered.

It means going beyond your critique to determine the relationships or patterns

among sources, identifying then comparing and contrasting common concepts or
themes.

This step determines general observations and conclusions about each topic given
the relationship inferred from the group of articles within each topic. It also determines
the existence of any reoccurring concepts, relationships, patterns, or themes and if any
of these are in need of further inquiry.

For instance, on your three different sources you have found out different themes
such as theme A, theme B, and theme C. You might compare and contrast things on
those three themes that emerged on your sources. Consequently, it may also happen
that there is one seminal study done that all other researchers expanded upon. If you

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 will to ask if there are overall themes that are used in a review of related literature, the
answer is whatever the theme or pattern appeared on your information gathered, try to
infer beyond what was indicated on your collection of sources. In order for you to have a
well-developed synthesis of your study, one must use their ability of having the “higher
ordered thinking skills”. Through your HOTS you will be able to write objectively and
constructively. Also, you can provide ideas clearly, logically organized, and focused
writing.

Note: A key element to make a good synthesis of review of related literature is the
integration, which is about making connections between and among ideas and concepts.
It is about applying what you have researching within a larger framework, thereby
providing you a new way of looking onto a phenomenon.

Here is a diagram which will help you synthesize and analyse your literature review.

Example of Synthesis of Review of Related Literature

The studies mentioned above, focussed on finding out the connection of students
performance while students were engaged in an online class. They further noted that while a
student has an access to education using online media, it may gleaned that a student can
perform well on his academics. In addition, both of the studies above shown that there is really
an impact between students’ performance and online distance learning.

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Practice Exercises/Activity
Directions: Classify the given statements about synthesizing literature using the table
below. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. It must compare and contrast each of the contents of the information that the
researcher puts on her Review of Related Literature subject.
2. It must just provide a copy and paste material of the source.
3. It must demonstrate a profound explanation of the researcher’s collection of
gathered information
4. A synthesis is a mere statement of “All of the three aforementioned paragraphs are a
good research paper”.
5. A synthesis of the review of related literature must develop the higher order thinking
skills of the researcher.

What makes a well-developed synthesis? What didn’t help to make a well-developed

synthesis?

Engage

What I Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the word that will best fit in the sentence. Write
your answers on the space provided.

Synthesizing an RRL demonstrates a (1) __________________ of the papers or sources

that the researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to (2)
__________________ the results of her analysis on her Chapter II. A (3) ______________ must
also evaluated and weighed critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or
skill that requires critical analysis, (4) _________________, and (5) ________________ mind of
a researcher. It also (6) ___________________ and (7) __________________ information and
ideas from the gathered sources of the researcher. It also gives an (8) ____________________
of information from different sources to highlight important (9) ____________________ and
(10) ______________________, to address similarities and differences and draw conclusion.
Synthesizing a collection of RRL combines parts and elements from a variety of sources
into one unified and integrated entity.

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III. Apply

What Can I Do

Utilizing your Research Working Title, please synthesize your review of

related literature. Write your synthesis in a short bond paper.
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Post Test

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if otherwise. Write your answers on the
space provided.
_______1. A synthesis tries to determine the connection of the researcher’s review of
related literature.

_______2. Integration of parts of the researcher’s information gathered into a whole new
idea is a characteristic of synthesis of RRL.

_______3. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.

_______4. In synthesizing a collection of ideas, the researcher must identify the

methodology used, participants, and instruments used in the study of another
researcher.

_______5. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking

different sources to get the idea of the literature review.

_______6. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not
essential in conducting research.

_______7. Synthesis and analysis usually goes together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.

_______8. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”

_______9. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”

_______10. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.
________________________________________________________________________________________

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 References

Herrera,M.G.(2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-QIII-MIV- Citation of Review of Related Literature. Department of Education.
Philippines.
La Jolla, G. (2021). What types of references are appropriate?. Department of Psychology. Regents of University of California.
Taylor, C. (n.d.). What is synthesis?. University of Manitoba. Retrieved from January
29,2021.https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/nursing/students/What_is_synthesi
s.pdf
SAGE Publications (2019). Developing and Presenting Your Literature Review. SAGE Publication, p. 157-160.
Panigrahi, R.,Srivastava, S.R., Sharma, D. (2018). Online learning: adaptation, continuance, and learning outcome. International Journal
of Information 43,1-14.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005

Picciano, A.G. (2002). Beyond students’ perception: issues of interaction, presence and performance in an online course. Journal of
Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6(1),33.doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007

Salamat, L., Ahmad,G., Bakht,I., & Saifi,I.L. (2018). Effects of e-learning on students’ academic learning at university level. Asian
Innovative Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2),1-12.

Hadley,K. (n.d). Literature review rubric. Retrieved from

https://faculty.weber.edu/kristinhadley/med6000/Literature%20Review%20 Rubric.pdf

Prepared by:
MELBA M. OCENAR
SHST – II

Rubrics for the What I Can Do

Excellent Good Fair Poor

Criteria (8-10) (5-7) (3-4) (1-2)
Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point from various perspective)

Coherent Theme
(Each cited studies are related to the study and to other studies)

Depth and Breadth of Research

(Variety of study and attention to detail about the topic)

Analysis
(Collection of studies analyzed for differences and commonalities
about the topic)

Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point from various perspective)

Conclusion and Synthesis

(Information synthesized and brought to the logical conclusion)

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 Organization and Alignment
(Information are logically organized with good flow. Issues are
threaded throughout the
paper)

Mechanics
(Correct spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, word usage)

APA
(Correct use of APA in the body of the study)

References
(References correctly typed, appropriate number and quality)

Source: Hadley,K. (n.d). Literature review rubric. Retrieved from

https://faculty.weber.edu/kristinhadley/med6000/Literature%20Review%20 Rubric.pdf

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