Machine Translation For Your Reference (Unverified) : China High Speed Rail / Episode 1 - Pulse of The Times

1
China High Speed Rail / Episode 1 – Pulse of the Times
⾼铁 (gāo tiě) high speed rail. 脉动 (mài dòng) pulse; throbbing; pulsation.
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On July 5, 2016, the Yunnan 2016年7⽉5⽇，沪昆⾼铁云南段沪 (hù) short name for Shanghai. 昆 (kūn) used in place
names, notably Kunlun Mountains 昆仑 (kūn lún); (also
正式启动联调联试
section of the Shanghai-
Kunming high-speed rail used for transliteration). ⾼铁 (gāo tiě) high speed
o cially launched a joint test rail. 云南 (yún nán) Yunnan province in southwest
China, bordering on Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, abbr.
滇 (diān) or 云, capital Kunming 昆明. 启动 (qǐ dòng) to
start (a machine); ( g.) to set in motion; to launch (an
operation); to activate (a plan). 联调联试 (lián tiáo lián
shì) debugging and commissioning; testing (of a whole
system).
is high-speed railway 这条连接上海与昆明的⾼速铁路连接 (lián jiē) to link; to join; to attach; connection; a

connecting Shanghai and link (on web page). 昆明 (kūn míng) Kunming
Kunming prefecture-level city and capital of Yunnan province in
southwest China. ⾼速 (gāo sù) high speed. 铁路 (tiě
lù) railroad; railway.
Realize the countdown to open 实现全线通⻋运营进⼊倒计时全线 (quán xiàn) the whole front (in a war); the whole
to tra c length (of a road or railway line). 通⻋ (tōng chē) to
open to tra c (e.g. new bridge, rail line etc); (of a
locality) to have a transportation service; (Tw) to
commute. 运营 (yùn yíng) to be in operation; to do
business; (of train, bus etc) to be in service; operation;
service. 倒计时 (dào jì shí) to count down; countdown.
e driver of the high-speed 驾驶⾼速综合检测列⻋的司机名检测 (jiǎn cè) to detect; to test; detection; sensing. 名
叫 (míng jiào) called; named.
叫王劲达
comprehensive inspection train
is named Wang Jinda
Is a “post-80s” 是⼀位“80后”
His grandfathers and fathers all 他的祖辈⽗辈都以铁路为职业祖辈 (zǔ bèi) ancestors; forefathers; ancestry. ⽗辈 (fù
took the railway as a career bèi) people of one's parents' generation.
As a descendant of railroad 作为铁路⼈的后代后代 (hòu dài) descendant; progeny; posterity; later

people ages; later generations.
He will be the rst batch of 他将成为沪昆⾼速铁路全线贯通贯通 (guàn tōng) to link up; to thread together.
后的第⼀批⾼铁司机
high-speed rail drivers a er the
Shanghai-Kunming high-speed
rail is completed.
C H I N E S E Z E R O T O H E R O
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Shanghai-Kunming high-speed 全⻓2266公⾥的沪昆⾼铁全⻓ (quán cháng) overall length; span.

rail with a total length of 2,266
kilometers
It is the longest east-west route 是中国东西向线路⾥程最⻓线路 (xiàn lù) line; circuit; wire; road; railway track; bus
in China route. ⾥程 (lǐ chéng) mileage (distance traveled);
course (of development).
High-speed railway with the 经过省份最多的⾼速铁路省份 (shěng fèn) province. 最多 (zuì duō) at most;

most provinces maximum; greatest (amount); maximal.
e Shanghai-Kunming high- 沪昆⾼铁在云南省境内全⻓186公云南省 (yún nán shěng) Yunnan Province in southwest
⾥
speed rail is 186 kilometers in China, bordering on Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar, abbr.
length in Yunnan Province 滇 (diān) or 云 (yún), capital Kunming 昆明 (kūn
míng). 境内 (jìng nèi) within the borders; internal (to a
country, province, city etc); domestic.
Is the last section of the whole 是全线最后建成运营了⼀段建成 (jiàn chéng) to establish; to build.
line
It is also the rst high-speed 也是云南省第⼀条⾼速铁路

railway in Yunnan Province
en it started in the provinces 然后就开始位于中国西南边陲的西南 (xī nán) southwest. 边陲 (biān chuí) border area;
省份
in the southwestern border of frontier.
China
About to bid farewell to the 即将告别没有⾼速铁路的历史即将 (jí jiāng) on the eve of; to be about to; to be on the
history of no high-speed verge of.
railway
At this time, on the vast 此时，在中国⼴袤的版图上此时 (cǐ shí) now; this moment. ⼴袤 (guǎng

territory of China mào) vast. 版图 (bǎn tú) domain; territory.
From south to north 从南到北

From east to west 从东到西
A series of long and large high- ⼀系列⾼速铁路的⻓⼤⼲线早已⼀系列 (yī xì liè) a series of; a string of. ⻓⼤ (zhǎng
完成建设并投⼊运营
speed railway lines have long dà) to grow up. ⼲线 (gàn xiàn) main line; trunk line. 早
been completed and put into 已 (zǎo yǐ) long ago; for a long time.
operation
June 30, 2011 2011年6⽉30⽇

Beijing-Shanghai high-speed 北京⾄上海的京沪⾼速铁路投⼊京沪 (jīng hù) Beijing and Shanghai.
运营
railway is put into operation
1318 kilometers in length 全⻓1318公⾥

is is the high-speed railway 这是世界上运营列⻋运⾏试验速运⾏ (yùn xíng) to move along one's course (of celestial
度最⾼的⾼速铁路
with the highest operating test bodies etc); ( g.) to function; to be in operation; (of a
speed in the world train service etc) to operate; to run; (of a computer) to
run. 试验 (shì yàn) experiment; test; to experiment;
experimental. 最⾼ (zuì gāo) tallest; highest; supreme
(court etc).
Once set a speed record of 曾经创造了时速486.1公⾥的速度时速 (shí sù) speed per hour.
纪录
486.1 kilometers per hour
December 1, 2012 2012年12⽉1⽇
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Harbin-Dalian high-speed 哈尔滨⾄⼤连的哈⼤⾼速铁路开哈尔滨 (hā ěr bīn) Harbin, subprovincial city and capital
of Heilongjiang province ⿊⻰江 (hēi lóng jiāng) in
通运营
railway opened for operation
northeast China. ⼤连 (dà lián) Dalian subprovincial city
in Liaoning province 辽宁省 in northeast China. 开
通 (kāi tong) open-minded.

is is the world’s rst high- 这是世界上第⼀条穿越⾼寒季节穿越 (chuān yuè) to pass through; to traverse; to
性冻⼟地区的⾼速铁路
speed railway crossing the cross. ⾼寒 (gāo hán) high and cold (mountain area). 季
alpine seasonal frozen land 节性 (jì jié xìng) seasonal. 冻⼟ (dòng tǔ) frozen earth;
permafrost; tundra.
December 26, 2012 2012年12⽉26⽇

e Beijing-Guangzhou high- 北京⾄⼴州的京⼴⾼速铁路实现⼴州 (guǎng zhōu) Guangzhou subprovincial city and
全线通⻋
speed railway from Beijing to capital of Guangdong; Canton. 京⼴ (jīng guǎng) Beijing
Guangzhou is fully open to and Guangdong.
tra c
2,298 kilometers in length 全⻓2298公⾥

is is the longest high-speed 这是迄今全球运营旅程最⻓的⾼迄今 (qì jīn) so far; to date; until now. 旅程 (lǚ
速铁路
railway in the world so far chéng) journey; trip.
December 26, 2014 2014年12⽉26⽇

Lanzhou-Urumqi high-speed 兰州⾄乌鲁木⻬的兰新⾼速铁路兰州 (lán zhōu) Lanzhou prefecture-level city and
capital of Gansu province ⽢肃 (gān sù). 乌鲁木⻬ (wū
开通运营
railway starts operation
lǔ mù qí) Ürümqi or Urumqi prefecture level city and
capital of Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region 新疆维吾
尔⾃治区 in west China. 兰新 (lán xīn) Lanzhou and
Xinjiang.
1,776 kilometers in length 全⻓1776公⾥

is is currently the longest 这是⽬前世界上⼀次性建成⾥程⼀次性 (yī cì xìng) one-o (o er); one-time; single-use;
最⻓的⾼速铁路
high-speed railway in the world disposable (goods).
built at one time
December 30, 2015 2015年12⽉30⽇

Hainan Island High-speed 海南环岛⾼速铁路开通运营海南 (hǎi nán) Hainan Province, in the South China Sea,
Railway opened for operation short name 琼 (qióng), capital Haikou 海⼝; Hainan
Island; Hainan District of Wuhai City 乌海市 (wū hǎi
shì), Inner Mongolia; Hainan Tibetan Autonomous
Prefecture 海南藏族⾃治州 (hǎi nán zàng zú zì zhì
zhōu), Qinghai. 环岛 (huán dǎo) roundabout (tra c
island); around an island (trip etc).

is is the world’s rst high- 这是全球第⼀条环岛⾼铁
speed rail around the island
In terms of business speed 在商业速度⽅⾯

Because of the high-speed 因为⾼速铁路嘛嘛 (ma) modal particle indicating that sth is obvious;
railway particle indicating a pause for emphasis.
High speed, high density, large ⾼速度，⾼密度，⼤载客量⾼密度 (gāo mì dù) high density. 载客量 (zài kè

passenger capacity liàng) passenger capacity.
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ese indicators re ect the 这些指标体现你⾼速铁路的⽔平指标 (zhǐ biāo) (production) target; quota; index;
level of your high-speed railway indicator; sign; signpost; (computing) pointer.
e average speed of our 我们旅客列⻋的平均速度是最⾼旅客 (lǚ kè) traveler; tourist.
的
passenger train is the highest
1318 kilometers from Beijing to 像北京到上海1318公⾥

Shanghai
e fastest average speed is 280 最快的平均速度是280公⾥

kilometers
Japan, France, Spain, and ⽆论说⽇本、法国、西班⽛、德法国 (fǎ guó) France; French. 西班⽛ (xī bān
国都没达到速度
Germany have not reached the yá) Spain. 德国 (dé guó) Germany; German.
speed
Re ects his comprehensive 体现了他的综合⽔平

level
As of the end of 2015 截⾄2015年底截⾄ (jié zhì) up to (a time); by (a time). 年底 (nián

dǐ) the end of the year; year-end.
From cold temperate to tropical 从冷温带到热带温带 (wēn dài) temperate zone. 热带 (rè dài) the

tropics; tropical.
From minus 40 degrees Celsius 从摄⽒零下40度到摄⽒零上40度摄⽒ (shè shì) Celsius; centigrade. 零下 (líng xià) below

to minus 40 degrees Celsius zero.
e total mileage of high-speed 中国建造的⾼速铁路总⾥程已达建造 (jiàn zào) to construct; to build.
1.9万公⾥
railways built in China has
reached 19,000 kilometers
More than 60% of the world’s 占世界⾼速铁路运营⾥程的60%

以上
high-speed railway operating
mileage
Become the country with the 成为全球⾼速铁路运营⾥程最⻓

的国家
longest operating mileage of
high-speed railways in the
world
From the coast to the inland 从沿海到内陆沿海 (yán hǎi) coastal. 内陆 (nèi lù) inland; interior.
From high latitudes and severe 从⾼纬度严寒地区到海拔3千⽶以⾼纬度 (gāo wěi dù) high latitude (i.e. near the
上的⾼原地区
cold areas to plateau areas poles). 严寒 (yán hán) bitter cold; severe winter. 海
above 3 kilometers above sea 拔 (hǎi bá) height above sea level; elevation. 千⽶ (qiān
level mǐ) kilometer. ⾼原 (gāo yuán) plateau.
China’s high-speed railway has 中国建造的⾼速铁路已覆盖了160 覆盖 (fù gài) to cover. 多个 (duō ge) many; multiple;
多个地级以上城市
covered more than 160 cities multi- (faceted, ethnic etc). 地级 (dì jí) (administrative)
above the prefecture level prefecture-level.
Every day, more than 4,000 每天，在中国的铁路线上奔跑着铁路线 (tiě lù xiàn) railway line. 奔跑 (bēn pǎo) to
4000多列动⻋组列⻋
EMU trains run on China’s run. 动⻋ (dòng chē) power car; multiple-unit train
railway lines (abbr. for 动⻋组).
e number of its operation has 其开⾏数量已占中国铁路客⻋开客⻋ (kè chē) coach; bus; passenger train. 总量 (zǒng
⾏总量的63%
accounted for 63% of the total liàng) total; overall amount.
number of railway passenger
cars in China
2007 to 2015 2007年⾄2015年
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EMU trains sent a total of 4.32 动⻋组列⻋累计发送旅客43.2亿累计 (lěi jì) to accumulate; cumulative. ⼈次 (rén
⼈次
billion passengers cì) person-times; visits; classi er for number of people
participating.
It accounts for 4.5% of railway 占铁路旅客发送量的⽐重有4.5% ⽐重 (bǐ zhòng) proportion; speci c gravity.

passenger tra c
Increased to 45.8% 增⻓到45.8% 增⻓ (zēng zhǎng) to grow; to increase.
In other words, almost half of 也就是说，如今差不多⼀半的铁也就是说 (yě jiù shì shuō) in other words; that is to say;
路旅客都乘坐着便捷舒适的动⻋
railway passengers now travel so; thus. ⼀半 (yī bàn) half. 便捷 (biàn jié) convenient
on convenient and comfortable and fast. 出⾏ (chū xíng) to set out on a long journey; to
EMU trains. 组列⻋出⾏ travel afar.
What is high-speed railway? 什么是⾼速铁路？

Di erent de nitions in di erent 在不同国家不同时代有着不同的同时代 (tóng shí dài) contemporary. 有着 (yǒu zhe) to
定义
countries and di erent times have; to possess. 定义 (dìng yì) de nition; to de ne.
e International Railway 国际铁路联盟曾规定联盟 (lián méng) alliance; union; coalition.

Union once stipulated
Newly-built railway lines with 列⻋开⾏时速在250公⾥以上的新新建 (xīn jiàn) Xinjian county in Nanchang 南昌,
建铁路线
trains running at speeds above Jiangxi.
250 kilometers per hour
And the old line of the existing 以及经改造后时速达到200公⾥的改造 (gǎi zào) to transform; to reform; to remodel; to
既有铁路旧线
railway with a speed of 200 remold. 既有 (jì yǒu) existing.
kilometers per hour a er
transformation
Regarded as high-speed railway 视为⾼速铁路视为 (shì wéi) to view as; to see as; to consider to be; to
deem.
e National Railway 中国国家铁路局则定义为

Administration of China is
de ned as
Newly-built railway lines with 列⻋开⾏时速在250公⾥以上的新

建铁路线
trains running at speeds above
And the railway passenger 以及初期运营速度不小于每小时初期 (chū qī) initial stage; beginning period. 小于 (xiǎo
200公⾥的铁路客运专线
dedicated line with an initial yú) less than, <. 客运 (kè yùn) passenger transportation;
operating speed of not less than (Tw) intercity bus. 专线 (zhuān xiàn) special-purpose
200 kilometers per hour phone line or communications link; hotline; special rail
line (e.g. between airport and city).
High-speed railway 都属于⾼速铁路

But no matter what 但⽆论如何定义⽆论如何 (wú lùn rú hé) whatever the case; in any
event; no matter what; by all possible means.
Higher train speed is the most 较⾼的列⻋运⾏速度是⾼速铁路有别 (yǒu bié) di erent; distinct; unequal; variable. 显
著 (xiǎn zhù) outstanding; notable; remarkable;
有别于普通铁路最显著最基本的
signi cant and basic feature
that distinguishes high-speed statistically signi cant.
railways from ordinary railways 特征
For the Chinese 对于中国⼈来说中国⼈ (zhōng guó rén) Chinese person.
High-speed rail enters their ⾼铁进⼊他们的⽣活

lives
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As if overnight 仿佛⼀夜之间之间 (zhī jiān) between; among; inter-.
But what does high-speed rail 但⾼速铁路对中国究竟意味着什意味着 (yì wèi zhe) to signify; to mean; to imply.
么？
mean to China?
What development course has 他⼜走过怎样的发展历程？走过 (zǒu guò) to walk past; to pass by. 历程 (lì
he gone through? chéng) course; process.
ese questions need to nd 这些问题都需要从历史深处找寻深处 (shēn chù) abyss; depths; deepest or most distant
答案
answers from the depths of part. 找寻 (zhǎo xún) to look for; to seek; to nd fault.
history
e train is a familiar means of ⽕⻋是⼈们熟悉的⼤众化交通⼯⽕⻋ (huǒ chē) train. ⼤众化 (dà zhòng huà) mass-
具
mass transportation oriented; to cater for the masses; popularized. 交通⼯
具 (jiāo tōng gōng jù) means of transportation; vehicle.
But to be precise, it is not a 但准确的说它不是现代交通⼯具

modern vehicle
But the product of the modern 而是近代⼯业⾰命的产物而是 (ér shì) rather. ⼯业⾰命 (gōng yè gé

industrial revolution mìng) Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830. 产物 (chǎn
wù) product; result (of ).
When the British engineer 1825年当英国⼯程师史蒂芬森发英国 (yīng guó) United Kingdom 联合王国 (lián hé
明蒸汽机⻋时
Stephenson invented the steam wáng guó); United Kingdom of Great Britain and
locomotive in 1825 Northern Ireland; abbr. for England 英格兰 (yīng gé
lán). 蒂 (dì) stem (of fruit). 芬 (fēn) perfume;
fragrance. 森 (sēn) Mori ( Japanese surname). 蒸汽机
⻋ (zhēng qì jī chē) steam locomotive.
e train became the rst ⽕⻋成为⼈类历史上第⼀个完全历史上 (lì shǐ shàng) historical; in history. 依赖 (yī
依赖机械动⼒的交通⼯具
vehicle in human history to rely lài) to depend on; to be dependent on. 机械 (jī
entirely on mechanical power xiè) machine; machinery; mechanical; (old) cunning;
scheming. 动⼒ (dòng lì) motive power; force; ( g.)
motivation; impetus.
On the newly opened 1830年在刚刚开通的利物浦⾄曼刚刚 (gāng gang) just recently; just a moment ago. 利物
浦 (lì wù pǔ) Liverpool (England). 曼彻斯特 (màn chè
彻斯特铁路上
Liverpool-Manchester Railway
in 1830 sī tè) Manchester. 路上 (lù shang) on the road; on a
journey; road surface.
e young British actress 尚处于幼年的英国⼥演员弗朗斯· 处于 (chǔ yú) to be in (some state, position, or
⾦伯尔随⽗亲第⼀次乘坐⽕⻋
France Kimball took the train condition). 幼年 (yòu nián) childhood;
with her father for the rst time infancy. 弗 (fú) not. 朗 (lǎng) clear;
bright. 伯 (bó) father's elder brother; senior; paternal
elder uncle; eldest of brothers; respectful form of
address; Count, third of ve orders of nobility 五等爵位
(wǔ děng jué wèi). 第⼀次 (dì yī cì) the rst time; rst;
number one.
e little girl wrote down her 在⽇记中这位小姑娘写下⾃⼰的这位 (zhè wèi) this (person). 写下 (xiě xià) to write
感受
feelings in the diary down.
“You can’t imagine how it feels “你难以想象切开空⽓向前奔跑难以 (nán yǐ) hard to (predict, imagine etc). 向前 (xiàng
的感觉是怎样的”
to cut the air and run forward” qián) forward; onward.
But that is the train speed is less 但那是⽕⻋的时速还不到20公⾥那是 (nà shi) (coll.) of course; naturally; indeed. 不
than 20 kilometers per hour 到 (bù dào) not to arrive; not reaching; insu cient; less
than.
With railway 有了铁路有了 (yǒu le) I've got a solution!; to have a bun in the
oven (abbr. for 有了胎 (yǒu le tāi)).
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e radius of human activity ⼈类的活动半径⼤⼤扩展半径 (bàn jìng) radius. ⼤⼤ (dà dà) greatly;
has greatly expanded enormously; (dialect) dad; uncle. 扩展 (kuò zhǎn) to
extend; to expand; extension; expansion.
e magic of the railway and its 铁路的神奇和所展⽰出来的优越神奇 (shén qí) magical; mystical; miraculous. 展
⽰ (zhǎn shì) to reveal; to display; to show; to exhibit
性
superiority
sth. 优越 (yōu yuè) superior; superiority.
Initiated an injection boom, 引发注⼊热潮，⻛起云涌引发 (yǐn fā) to lead to; to trigger; to initiate; to cause;
surging to evoke (emotions). 注⼊ (zhù rù) to pour into; to
empty into. 热潮 (rè cháo) upsurge; popular craze. ⻛起
云涌 (fēng qǐ yún yǒng) to surge like a gathering storm
(idiom); to grow by leaps and bounds.
By 1860, British railways had 到1860年，英国铁路已延⻓到3万

多公⾥
been extended to more than
30,000 kilometers
On average, more than 800 平均每年修筑铁路800多公⾥每年 (měi nián) every year; each year; yearly. 修筑 (xiū
kilometers of railways are built zhù) to build.
every year
It was with the help of railways 正是借助铁路，英国率先实现⼯正是 (zhèng shì) (emphasizes that sth is precisely or
业化
that Britain took the lead in exactly as stated); precisely; exactly; even; if; just like; in
industrialization the same way as. 借助 (jiè zhù) to draw support from;
with the help of. 率先 (shuài xiān) to take the lead; to
show initiative. ⼯业化 (gōng yè huà) to industrialize;
industrialization.
First in the world to modernize 在全球第⼀个迈向近代化迈向 (mài xiàng) to stride toward (success); to march
toward; to take a step toward.
A er the Second World War 第⼆次世界⼤战后第⼆次世界⼤战 (dì èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn) World War II.
Railways in industrialized 在⼯业化国家铁路逐渐走向末路⼯业化国家 (gōng yè huà guó jiā) industrialized

countries are gradually coming country. 走向 (zǒu xiàng) direction; strike (i.e. angle of
to an end inclination in geology); inclination; trend; to move
towards; to head for. 末路 (mò lù) end of the road; nal
road; g. dead end; impasse.
Reduced to sunset industry 沦为夕阳产业沦为 (lún wéi) to sink down to; to be reduced to (sth
inferior). 夕阳产业 (xī yáng chǎn yè) sunset industry;
declining industry.
Its dominant position in 其交通运输的优势地位被汽⻋、航空 (háng kōng) aviation. 管道 (guǎn dào) tubing;
航空和管道所取代
transportation has been pipeline; ( g.) channel; means. 取代 (qǔ dài) to replace;
replaced by automobiles, to supersede; to supplant; (chemistry) substitution.
aviation and pipelines
In 1960, the British Macdonald 1960年，英国麦克唐纳出版社出麦克 (mài kè) Mike (name). 唐纳 (táng nà) Tanner or
版了《⼈类改造⾃然》⼀书
Press published the book Donald (name). 出版社 (chū bǎn shè) publishing house.
“Humans Transforming Nature”
Which wrote: 其中这样写道：

“We have been dealing with the “我们已和铁路打了⻓期交道⻓期 (cháng qī) long term; long time; long range (of a
railway for a long time forecast).
So many of his advantages are 因而对他的许多优点已视为当然

的了
taken for granted
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In some western countries, 在有些西⽅国家，⼈们对乘⽕⻋西⽅ (xī fāng) the West; the Occident; Western
已不感兴趣”
people are no longer interested countries.
in taking trains.”
But this book also makes a 不过这本书也做出了⼀个预⾔做出 (zuò chū) to put out; to issue. 预⾔ (yù yán) to
prediction predict; prophecy.
When the high-speed train 当⾼速⾏驶的列⻋出现后⾏驶 (xíng shǐ) to travel along a route (of vehicles etc).
appeared
Will renew attention to the 就会重新引起⼈们对铁路旅⾏的吸引⼒ (xī yǐn lì) attractive force (such as gravitation);
好处和吸引⼒的注意
bene ts and appeal of rail travel sex appeal; attractiveness.
Revitalize the sunset industry of 使铁路这⼀夕阳产业重新焕发活焕发 (huàn fā) to shine; to glow; to irradiate; to ash. 活
⼒ (huó lì) energy; vitality; vigor; vital force. 光
⼒和光彩
railways
彩 (guāng cǎi) luster; splendor; radiance; brilliance.
People pin their hopes on high- ⼈们把希望寄托于⾼速铁路寄托 (jì tuō) to entrust (to sb); to place (one's hope,
speed rail energy etc) in; a thing in which you invest (your hope,
energy etc).
is idea was rst implemented 这⼀设想率先在⽇本被付诸实施设想 (shè xiǎng) to imagine; to assume; to envisage;
in Japan tentative plan; to have consideration for. 付诸实施 (fù
zhū shí shī) to put into practice; to carry out (idiom).
October 1, 1964 1964年10⽉1⽇

Just before the opening of the 就在东京奥运会开幕前夕东京 (dōng jīng) Tokyo, capital of Japan; Tonkin
Tokyo Olympics (northern Vietnam during the French colonial
period). 奥运会 (ào yùn huì) abbr. for 奥林匹克运动会;
Olympic Games; the Olympics. 开幕 (kāi mù) to open (a
conference); to inaugurate. 前夕 (qián xī) eve; the day
before.
e Tokaido Shinkansen 连接东京和⼤阪的东海道新⼲线⼤阪 (dà bǎn) Ōsaka, a city and prefecture in Japan. 东

海 (dōng hǎi) East China Sea; East Sea (Chinese
建成运营
linking Tokyo and Osaka
completed and operated mythology and ancient geography). 新⼲线 (xīn gàn
xiàn) Shinkansen ( Japanese high-speed train).
e average train speed is 210 列⻋平均运⾏时速210公⾥运⾏时 (yùn xíng shí) run-time (in computing).
kilometers per hour
is is the rst railway in 这是⼈类历史上第⼀条突破时速突破 (tū pò) to break through; to make a breakthrough;
200公⾥速度屏障的铁路
human history to break the to surmount or break the back of (a task etc); (of ball
speed barrier of 200 kilometers sports) to break through a defense. 屏障 (píng
per hour zhàng) barrier.
It is also the world’s rst high- 也是世界上第⼀条投⼊商业运营

的⾼速铁路
speed railway put into
commercial operation
Tokaido Shinkansen within 4 东海道新⼲线在4个小时的运⾏时

间内
hours of operation time
About to connect the three 即将⽇本的京滨、中京和阪神这滨 (bīn) shore; beach; coast; bank; to border
三⼤⼯商业区连接起来
major industrial and on. 阪 (bǎn) slope; hillside. ⼯商业 (gōng shāng
commercial districts of Japan’s yè) business.
Keihin, Chukyo, and Hanshin
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Promote the formation of new 促进了沿线地带新型产业的形成沿线 (yán xiàn) along the line (e.g. railway); the region
industries along the route near the line. 地带 (dì dài) zone. 新型 (xīn xíng) new
type; new kind. 产业 (chǎn yè) industry; estate;
property; industrial.
Based on the success of the 基于东海道新⼲线的成功基于 (jī yú) because of; on the basis of; in view of; on
Tokaido Shinkansen account of.
Japan began construction of the ⽇本于1967年开始修建连接⼤阪修建 (xiū jiàn) to build; to construct. 福冈 (fú
和福冈的⼭阳新⼲线
Sanyo Shinkansen linking gāng) Fukuoka, city in Kyushyu, Japan. ⼭阳 (shān
Osaka and Fukuoka in 1967 yáng) Shanyang District of Jiaozuo City 焦作市 (jiāo zuò
shì), Henan; Shanyang County in Shangluo 商洛 (shāng
luò), Shaanxi.
Opened in 1975 ⾄1975年全线开通

In this way, the four industrial 这样京滨、中京、阪神、北九州九州 (jiǔ zhōu) division of China during earliest
四⼤⼯商业带得以贯通
and commercial belts of Keihin, dynasties; g. ancient China; Kyūshū, southernmost of
Chukyo, Hanshin, and Japan's four major islands. 四⼤ (sì dà) the four
Kitakyushu can be connected elements: earth, water, re, and wind (Buddhism); the
four freedoms: speaking out freely, airing views fully,
holding great debates, and writing big-character posters,
⼤鸣⼤放 (dà míng dà fàng), ⼤辩论 (dà biàn lùn), ⼤字
报 (dà zì bào) (PRC). 得以 (dé yǐ) able to; so that sb can;
enabling; in order to; nally in a position to; with sth in
view.
us formed the Paci c 由此形成沿太平洋伸展的太平洋由此 (yóu cǐ) hereby; from this. 沿 (yán) along; to
⼯业带
Industrial Belt extending along follow (a line, tradition etc); to carry on; to trim (a
the Paci c Ocean border with braid, tape etc); border; edge. 太平洋 (tài
píng yáng) Paci c Ocean. 伸展 (shēn zhǎn) stretching;
extension.
Driven by high-speed railway 在⾼速铁路的带动下带动 (dài dòng) to spur; to provide impetus; to drive.
1970s 20世纪70年代
Japan’s rapid economic growth ⽇本经济快速增⻓
And thus rise to the second 从而崛起为资本主义世界的第⼆崛起 (jué qǐ) to rise abruptly (to a towering position); to
⼤经济体
largest economy in the tower over; to spring up; to emerge suddenly; the
capitalist world emergence (e.g. of a power). 资本主义 (zī běn zhǔ
yì) capitalism.
e emergence of high-speed ⾼速铁路的出现

rail
Promoted the revival of 推动了铁路在世界范围内的复兴推动 (tuī dòng) to push (for acceptance of a plan); to
railways worldwide push forward; to promote; to actuate. 复兴 (fù
xīng) Fuxing district of Handan city 邯郸市 (hán dān
shì), Hebei; Fuxing or Fuhsing township in Taoyuan
county 桃园县 (táo yuán xiàn), north Taiwan.
September 1983 1983年9⽉

e construction of the 法国巴黎⾄⾥昂的⾼速公路TGV 巴黎 (bā lí) Paris, capital of France. ⾥昂 (lǐ áng) Lyon,
东南线全线建筑
southeast line of the TGV French city on the Rhône. 东南 (dōng nán) southeast.
highway from Paris to Lyon,
France
Maximum train speed is 270 列⻋最⾼运⾏时速270公⾥

kilometers per hour
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Just a few months 短短⼏个⽉⼏个 (jǐ ge) a few; several; how many.
TG defeated the aviation TG为东南线就打败了巴黎到⾥昂打败 (dǎ bài) to defeat; to overpower; to beat; to be
的航空业
industry from Paris to Lyon for defeated. 航空业 (háng kōng yè) aviation industry.
the southeast line
In 1994, the Eurostar high- 1994年，欧洲之星⾼速列⻋穿越欧洲之星 (ōu zhōu zhī xīng) Eurostar (train line). 英吉
利 (yīng jí lì) England (historical loan, from English). 海
英吉利海底隧道
speed train passed through the
English Undersea Tunnel 底 (hǎi dǐ) seabed; sea oor; bottom of the ocean. 隧
道 (suì dào) tunnel.
Connect the three capital cities 把伦敦、巴黎和布鲁塞尔三个⾸伦敦 (lún dūn) London, capital of United Kingdom. 布
鲁塞尔 (bù lǔ sài ěr) Brussels, capital of Belgium.
都城市连接起来
of London, Paris and Brussels
For the rst time the British can 英国⼈第⼀次可以搭乘⽕⻋快速英国⼈ (yīng guó rén) British person; British people. 搭
乘 (dā chéng) to ride as a passenger; to travel by (car,
到达欧洲⼤陆
quickly reach the European
continent by train plane etc). 欧洲⼤陆 (ōu zhōu dà lù) continent of
Europe.
And one Eurostar can reach the 而⼀列欧洲之星能达到两架波⾳波⾳ (bō yīn) Boeing (aerospace company). 客机 (kè
⼤型客机的载体
carrier of two Boeing jets jī) passenger plane. 载体 (zài tǐ) carrier (chemistry);
vector (epidemiology); vehicle or medium.
High-speed railway has become ⾼速铁路成为具有竞争⼒的现代竞争⼒ (jìng zhēng lì) competitive strength;
交通⼯具
a competitive modern means of competitiveness.
transportation
But complicated technical 但复杂的技术体系以及⾼昂的建体系 (tǐ xì) system; setup. ⾼昂 (gāo áng) to hold (one's
设成本
system and high construction head) high; expensive; high (spirits etc). 成本 (chéng
cost běn) (manufacturing, production etc) costs.
It also tests the technological 也考验着⼀个国家的科技实⼒和考验 (kǎo yàn) to test; to put to the test; trial; ordeal. 实
⼒ (shí lì) strength.
经济实⼒
and economic strength of a
country
High-speed railway ⾼速铁路

It is an important symbol of 是铁路现代化和陆路交通现代化现代化 (xiàn dài huà) modernization. 陆路 (lù lù) land
的重要标志
railway modernization and land route; to go by surface transport.
transportation modernization
You built a high-speed railway 你建成⾼速铁路

It also re ects the strength of a 也就体现了⼀个国家的实⼒
country
Including its technological 包括它的科技实⼒

strength
is is the rst railway in 这是中国西南地区的第⼀条铁路

southwest China
As the gauge is 1000 mm 由于轨距为1000毫⽶轨距 (guǐ jù) gauge. 毫⽶ (háo mǐ) millimeter.
So it is called the “meter-gauge 所以被称为“⽶轨铁路” 称为 (chēng wéi) called; to call sth (by a name); to
railway” name. 轨 (guǐ) course; path; track; rail.
e railway was designed and 铁路是上世纪初法国⼈沿着红河法国⼈ (fǎ guó rén) Frenchman; French person. 沿
着 (yán zhe) to go along; to follow. 红河 (hóng
河⾕设计建造的
built by the French along the
Red River valley at the hé) Honghe county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous
beginning of the last century prefecture, Yunnan; Red River in China; Northern
Vietnam. 河⾕ (hé gǔ) river valley.
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From South Yunnan to 从滇南通向越南海防滇 (diān) abbr. for Yunnan Province 云南 (yún nán) in
Haiphong, Vietnam southwest China. 南通 (nán tōng) Nantong prefecture
level city in Jiangsu. 南海 (nán hǎi) South China Sea.
So it is also known as the 所以⼜称为滇越铁路

Yunnan-Vietnam Railway
e career of train driver Wang ⽕⻋司机王劲达的职业⽣涯⽣涯 (shēng yá) career; life (way in which sb lives);
Jinda period of one's life.
It started with driving a 就是从在⽶轨铁路上驾驶机⻋开机⻋ (jī chē) locomotive; train engine car; scooter (Tw);
始的
locomotive on a meter-gauge (slang) (Tw) hard to get along with; a pain in the ass;
railway damn!; crap!.
A er a hundred years of wind 百年⻛⾬之后百年 (bǎi nián) hundred years; century; lifetime. ⻛

and rain ⾬ (fēng yǔ) wind and rain; the elements; trials and
hardships.
Today, the meter-gauge railway 如今⽶轨铁路仅剩下⼗⼏公⾥的剩下 (shèng xià) to remain; le over. ⼗⼏ (shí jǐ) more
距离
is only a dozen kilometers away than ten; a dozen or more.
And completely surrounded by 并且完全包围于城市之中包围 (bāo wéi) to surround; to encircle; to hem in. 之
the city 中 (zhī zhōng) inside; among; in the midst of (doing
sth); during.
Integrate with the city 与城市融为⼀体融为⼀体 (róng wéi yī tǐ) to fuse together (idiom);
hypostatic union (religion).
Still a round-trip train 依然往返的⽕⻋

More functions are used by 更多的功能是为游客观光所⽤
tourists for sightseeing
e meter-gauge railway 穿⾏于城市中的⽶轨铁路穿⾏ (chuān xíng) to go through; to bore through; to

running through the city push one's way through.
Also walked through the 也穿⾏过绵邈的岁⽉绵邈 (mián miǎo) far back in time; faraway; remote. 岁
awkward years ⽉ (suì yuè) years; time.
Witness the di cult journey of ⻅证了铁路在近代中国蹒跚前⾏⻅证 (jiàn zhèng) to be witness to; witness; evidence. 蹒
跚 (pán shān) to walk unsteadily; to stagger; to lurch; to
的艰难历程
the railway staggering in
modern China hobble; to totter. 前⾏ (qián xíng) (literary) to go
forward. 艰难 (jiān nán) di cult; hard; challenging.
When the French were still 当法国⼈还在建造颠越铁路时颠 (diān) top (of the head); apex; to fall forwards;
building the Crossover Railway inverted; to jolt.
In 1909, the Chinese had built 1909年中国⼈已经建成了从北京丰台 (fēng tái) Fengtai inner district of southwest
丰台出发⾄张家口的京张铁路
the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Beijing. 张家口 (zhāng jiā kǒu) Zhangjiakou prefecture
Railway from Fengtai, Beijing level city in Hebei.
to Zhangjiakou
e Beijing-Zhangjiakou 逶迤于居庸关、⼋达岭⼀带的崇逶迤 (wēi yí) winding (of road, river etc); curved; long;
⼭峻岭之间的京张铁路
Railway between Juyongguan distant. 居庸关 (jū yōng guān) Juyongguan, frontier
Pass and Badaling Mountains fortress on Great Wall north of Beijing, in Changping
district 昌平区 (chāng píng qū). ⼋达岭 (bā dá
lǐng) Badaling, a particular section of the Great Wall that
is a favorite tourist destination. ⼀带 (yī dài) region;
district. 崇⼭峻岭 (chóng shān jùn lǐng) towering
mountains and precipitous ridges (idiom).
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It is the rst railway designed, 是中国⼈⾃⾏设计、⾃⾏建造、⾃⾏ (zì xíng) voluntary; autonomous; by oneself; self-.
⾃⾏运营的第⼀条铁路
built and operated by the
Chinese themselves
e outstanding engineer Zhan 主持修建这条铁路的是杰出的⼯杰出 (jié chū) outstanding; distinguished; remarkable;
程师詹天佑
Tianyou presided over the prominent; illustrious. 詹天佑 (zhān tiān yòu) Zhan
construction of this railway Tianyou (1861-1919), Chinese railroad engineer.
Since then, the Chinese have 从此中国⼈拉开了⾃主建设铁路拉开 (lā kāi) to pull open; to pull apart; to space out; to
的历史
opened the history of increase. ⾃主 (zì zhǔ) independent; to act for oneself;
independent railway autonomous.
construction
And build a railway network 而建造四通⼋达的铁路⽹四通⼋达 (sì tōng bā dá) roads open in all directions
extending in all directions (idiom); accessible from all sides.
It is regarded as a symbol of the 更是为⽆数志⼠仁⼈看作是发展志⼠仁⼈ (zhì shì rén rén) gentleman aspiring to
实业、振兴⺠族的象征
development of industry and benevolence (idiom); people with lo y ideals. 看作 (kàn
the revitalization of the nation zuò) to look upon as; to regard as. 实业 (shí
by countless people with lo y yè) industry; commercial enterprise. 振兴 (zhèn xīng) to
ideals revive; to revitalize; to invigorate; to re-energize.
But in a precarious age 但在⼀个⻛⾬飘摇的时代⻛⾬飘摇 (fēng yǔ piāo yáo) tossed about by the wind
and rain (idiom); (of a situation) unstable.
e railway embodies the 凝聚着强国梦想的铁路凝聚 (níng jù) to condense; to coagulate; coacervation

dream of a powerful country (i.e. form tiny droplets); aggregation; coherent. 强
国 (qiáng guó) (ironically) mainland China (Taiwan &
Hong Kong usage).
Fragmented a er all 终归⽀离破碎⽀离破碎 (zhī lí pò suì) scattered and smashed (idiom).
To the eve of the founding of ⾄1949年新中国成⽴前夕

New China in 1949
e total length of the national 全国铁路总⻓度只有11,000公⾥全国 (quán guó) whole nation; nationwide;

railway is only 11,000 countrywide; national. ⻓度 (cháng dù) length.
kilometers
And mainly concentrated in the 而且主要集中在经济较为发达的较为 (jiào wéi) comparatively; relatively; fairly. 东

北 (dōng běi) Northeast China; Manchuria. 东部 (dōng
东北和东部地区
economically developed
northeast and east regions bù) the east; eastern part.
ere is no one inch railway in ⼴⼤的西北和西南腹地没有⼀⼨西北 (xī běi) Northwest China (Shaanxi, Gansu,
铁路
the vast northwest and Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang). 腹地 (fù dì) hinterland;
southwest hinterland interior; outback. ⼨ (cùn) a unit of length; inch; thumb.
Baoji, an important industrial 宝鸡这座中国西部的⼯业重镇宝鸡 (bǎo jī) Baoji prefecture-level city in Shaanxi;

town in western China called Chencang 陈仓 (chén cāng) in ancient times. 西
部 (xī bù) western part. 重镇 (zhòng zhèn) strategic
town.
Is a city that grew up due to 是⼀座因铁路而兴起的城市兴起 (xīng qǐ) to rise; to spring up; to burgeon; to be
railways aroused; to come into vogue.
e railway going south to 南下成都、翻越秦岭的铁路南下 (nán xià) to go down south. 成都 (chéng

Chengdu and crossing the dū) Chengdu subprovincial city and capital of Sichuan
Qinling Mountains province 四川 in southwest China. 翻越 (fān yuè) to
cross; to surmount; to transcend. 秦岭 (qín lǐng) Qinling
mountain range in Shaanxi forming natural barrier
between Guanzhong plain 关中平原 (guān zhōng píng
yuán) and Han River 汉⽔ (hàn shuǐ) valley.
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Just start from here 就从这⾥出发
e Baocheng Railway circling 在秦岭间盘旋迂回的宝成铁路盘旋 (pán xuán) to spiral; to circle; to go around; to
the Qinling Mountains hover; to orbit. 迂回 (yū huí) roundabout route;
circuitous; tortuous; to out ank; indirect;
roundabout. 宝成铁路 (bǎo chéng tiě lù) Baoji-Chengdu
Railway.
It was the rst arduous railway 是新中国修建的第⼀条⼯程艰巨⼯程 (gōng chéng) engineering; an engineering project;
的铁路
built by New China project; undertaking.
Opened 304 tunnels 打通了304座隧道打通 (dǎ tōng) to open access; to establish contact; to
remove a block; to put through (a phone connection).
1001 bridges built 建造了1001座桥梁桥梁 (qiáo liáng) bridge (lit. and g.).
is is also China’s rst 这也是中国第⼀条电⽓化铁路电⽓化 (diàn qì huà) electri cation.

electri ed railway
Fully electri ed in 1975 于1975年实现全线电⽓化

is opened the prelude to the 由此拉开中国铁路电⽓化建设的序幕 (xù mù) prologue.
序幕
electri cation of China’s
railways
20 years later 此后短短20年时间此后 (cǐ hòu) a er this; a erwards; herea er.
China’s railway electri cation 中国铁路电⽓化率逐渐达到20%

左右
rate gradually reaches about
20%
Become the world following 成为世界上继俄罗斯、德国、⽇俄罗斯 (é luó sī) Russia.
本等国之后
Russia, Germany, Japan and
other countries
e 9th country with tens of 第9个拥有上万公⾥电⽓化铁路的拥有 (yōng yǒu) to have; to possess. 上万 (shàng
国家
thousands of kilometers of wàn) over ten thousand; g. untold numbers;
electri ed railway innumerable; thousands upon thousands.
Electri cation, this is an 电⽓化，这是中国铁路迈向现代⾥程碑 (lǐ chéng bēi) milestone.
化的⼀座重要的⾥程碑
important milestone in the
modernization of Chinese
railways
But even so 但即便如此即便 (jí biàn) even if; even though; right away;
immediately. 如此 (rú cǐ) in this way; so.
e per capita length of 中国铁路的⼈均⻓度仍只有5.5厘⼈均 (rén jūn) per capita.
⽶
Chinese railways is still only 5.5
cm
Not as long as a cigarette 还不如⼀根⾹烟⻓还不如 (hái bù rú) to be better o ...; might as well .... ⾹
烟 (xiāng yān) cigarette; smoke from burning incense.
e speed of the train has been ⽕⻋的速度更是⻓期徘徊在每小徘徊 (pái huái) to dither; to hesitate; to pace back and
时五、六⼗公⾥
hovering at 50 or 60 kilometers forth; by ext. to hover around; to linger. 六⼗ (liù
per hour for a long time. shí) sixty; 60.
Wang Fuchun, a railway 王福春，⼀名铁路摄影家摄影家 (shè yǐng jiā) photographer.

photographer
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Railways and train passengers 铁路、⽕⻋旅客是他创作中永恒创作 (chuàng zuò) to create; to produce; to write;
不变的主题
are the eternal theme in his creative work; creation. 永恒 (yǒng héng) eternal;
creation everlasting; g. to pass into eternity (i.e. to die). 不
变 (bù biàn) constant; unvarying; (math.) invariant.
Like locomotives 就喜欢机⻋

Love this train 喜欢这个⽕⻋
But when I take the camera 但我⼀拿相机相机 (xiàng jī) camera (abbr. for 照相机 (zhào xiàng jī));
at the opportune moment; as the circumstances allow.
Always facing the locomotive ⼀直对着机⻋客⻋

and bus
Have been photographing the ⼀直把蒸汽机⻋拍到退役退役 (tuì yì) to retire from the military, sport etc; to
steam locomotive until demobilize; to decommission; retired from use.
retirement
Launch my sight 推出我的视线推出 (tuī chū) to push out; to release; to launch; to

publish; to recommend. 视线 (shì xiàn) line of sight.
In 1991, Wang Fuchun 1991年王福春出版了影集影集 (yǐng jí) photo album; (TV) series.

published a photo album
“ e Chinese on the Train” 《⽕⻋上的中国⼈》引起国内外国内外 (guó nèi wài) domestic and international; at
的极⼤关注
attracted great attention at home and abroad. 极⼤ (jí dà) maximum; enormous.
home and abroad
In the tension of black and 在富有张⼒的⿊⽩⾊调中富有 (fù yǒu) rich; full of. 张⼒ (zhāng lì) tension. ⿊
white ⽩ (hēi bái) black and white; right and wrong;
monochrome. ⾊调 (sè diào) hue; tone.
ese photos freeze frames 这些照⽚定格的⼀张张混杂的尴定格 (dìng gé) to x; to con ne to; freeze frame; stop
尬、⽆奈的复杂表情
with mixed awkward and motion ( lmmaking). 混杂 (hùn zá) to mix; to
helpless complex expressions mingle. 尴尬 (gān gà) awkward; embarrassed.
e cover of my “Chinese on 我的《⽕⻋上的中国⼈》封⾯封⾯ (fēng miàn) cover (of a publication).

the Train”
Steam locomotive, look, 蒸汽机⻋，你看，冒着蒸汽冒着 (mào zhe) to brave; to face dangers. 蒸汽 (zhēng

steaming qì) steam.
e mental state of people in 拉着绿⻋⽪那个时代的⼈的精神⻋⽪ (chē pí) wagon; freight car. 精神状态 (jīng shén
状态
that era with green wagons zhuàng tài) mental state; psychological condition.
Look, where to look now 你看看，现在上哪看去

Can’t see at all 完全看不到了
In the 70s, 80s and 90s, 七⼗年代⼋⼗年代九⼗年代，七⼗年代 (qī shí nián dài) the seventies; the 1970s. ⼋
⼗ (bā shí) eighty; 80. 九⼗ (jiǔ shí) ninety.
is piece of history is the most 这段历史，是中国⼈乘⽕⻋最难难忘 (nán wàng) unforgettable.
忘的⼀段历史
memorable piece of history for
Chinese people on the train
In China, railways are so special 在中国，铁路就是如此特殊

“ e main artery of the national “国⺠经济的⼤动脉” 国⺠ (guó mín) nationals; citizens; people of a
economy” nation. ⼤动脉 (dà dòng mài) main artery (blood
vessel); g. main highway; arterial road.
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is is the most common 这是中国⼈对铁路最通常的描述
Chinese description of railway
In the integrated transportation 在综合交通体系中

system
e railway always plays a key 铁路始终发挥着⻣⼲作⽤⻣⼲ (gǔ gàn) diaphysis (long segment of a bone); g.
role backbone.
Coal, wood, ore, grain, 煤炭、木材、矿⽯、粮⻝、化肥木材 (mù cái) wood. 矿⽯ (kuàng shí) ore. 化肥 (huà

fertilizer féi) fertilizer.
ese raw materials and 这些原料和物资物资 (wù zī) goods; supplies.

supplies
Long-term dependence on rail ⻓期依赖铁路运输

transportation
But besides that, the railway is 但除此之外，铁路还是⼤众化的除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) apart from this; in addition to
交通⼯具
still a popular means of this.
transportation
Always a Chinese, the rst ⼀直是中国⼈，进⾏中⻓途出⾏⾸选 (shǒu xuǎn) rst choice; premium; to come rst in
的⾸选
choice for long-distance travel the imperial examinations.
is should be said 这个应该说还是

At that time, the railway’s 当时铁路的运输能⼒不⾜
transportation capacity was
insu cient
Our freight ful llment rate at 当时我们的货运满⾜率货运 (huò yùn) freight transport; cargo; transported
that time goods.
Can only reach about 30% 只能够达到百分之三⼗左右三⼗ (sān shí) thirty; 30.
Build high-speed railway in this 在这种情况下修筑⾼速铁路

situation
Can greatly release the freight 可以⼤⼤地释放既有线路的货运⼤地 (dà dì) earth; mother earth. 释放 (shì fàng) to
的能⼒
capacity of existing routes release; to set free; to liberate (a prisoner); to discharge.
is is one aspect 这是⼀个⽅⾯

Another aspect 另外⼀个⽅⾯
It is also to meet the 也是适应⼴⼤旅客对更⾼⽔平的
服务这样⼀个要求
requirements of the majority of
passengers for a higher level of
service
Di erent from the fate of 与⼯业化国家的命运不同

industrialized countries
Chinese railways have never 中国铁路在历史上既没有兴盛过兴盛 (xīng shèng) to ourish; to thrive.

ourished in history
Never had a trough 也没有过低⾕过低 (guò dī) too low. ⾕ (gǔ) valley.
Not to mention revival 更谈不上复兴谈不上 (tán bu shàng) to be out of the question.
e railway that a ects the 攸关国计⺠⽣的铁路攸关 (yōu guān) of great concern. ⺠⽣ (mín

national economy and people’s shēng) people's livelihood; people's welfare.
livelihood
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Always in China’s land 始终在中国陆路交通运输中
transportation
Occupy a backbone position 占据⻣⼲地位占据 (zhàn jù) to occupy; to hold.
However, this “iron boss” 然而，这种“铁⽼⼤”状况并⾮⽼⼤ (lǎo dà) old age; very; eldest child in a family;
铁路的辉煌
situation is not the glory of the leader of a group; boss; captain of a boat; leader of a
railway criminal gang. 并⾮ (bìng fēi) really isn't. 辉煌 (huī
huáng) splendid; glorious.
But the reality of 而是中国铁路不发达的现实

underdeveloped railways in
China
In 1978, China ushered in a new 1978年，中国迎来改⾰开放的新改⾰开放 (gǎi gé kāi fàng) to reform and open to the
时代
era of reform and opening up outside world; refers to Deng Xiaoping's policies from
around 1980. 新时代 (xīn shí dài) new age.
With the pace of reform and 伴随着改⾰开放的步伐步伐 (bù fá) pace; (measured) step; march.
opening up
China Railway has 中国铁路实施了⼀⼤批重点⼯程实施 (shí shī) to implement; to carry out. ⼤批 (dà
建设
implemented a large number of pī) large quantities of.
key projects
Committed to expanding the 致⼒于扩⼤路⽹规模致⼒ (zhì lì) to work for; to devote one's e orts to.
scale of the road network
At the same time, it also aimed 与此同时，它也瞄准了另⼀个⽬与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóng shí) at the same time;
标：提⾼速度
at another goal: to increase meanwhile. 瞄准 (miáo zhǔn) to take aim at; to
speed target. 另⼀ (lìng yī) another; the other.
Speed is related to the 速度，关系着运输能⼒的提升

improvement of transportation
capacity
Related to the improvement of 关系着铁路⽣产⼒的提升⽣产⼒ (shēng chǎn lì) production capability;

railway productivity productive force; productivity.
e speed-up renovation 既有线路提速改造⼯程就此启动提速 (tí sù) to increase the speci ed cruising speed; to
project of the existing line pick up speed; to speed up. 就此 (jiù cǐ) at this point;
started thus; from then on.
Chinese railways begin to move 中国铁路开始向新的速度迈进迈进 (mài jìn) to step in; to stride forward; to forge
to a new speed ahead.
In December 1994, Guangzhou- 1994年12⽉，⼴深铁路开通运营

Shenzhen Railway was put into
operation
Become China’s rst railway 成为中国第⼀条旅客列⻋时速160

公⾥的铁路
with a passenger train speed of
1997 to 2001 1997年⾄2001年

China Railway has carried out 4 中国铁路相继进⾏4次既有线提速相继 (xiāng jì) in succession; following closely.
speed increases on existing
lines
e main speed-increasing 主要提速⼲线列⻋运⾏时速达140

公⾥和160公⾥
trunk line trains run at 140
kilometers and 160 kilometers
per hour
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In 2007, China’s railway 2007年中国铁路营业⾥程达到7.8
万公⾥
operating mileage reached
78,000 kilometers
1.36 billion passengers sent 完成旅客发送量13.6亿⼈

3.12 billion tons of goods 完成货物发送量31.2亿吨货物 (huò wù) goods; commodity; merchandise.
shipped
Completed total conversion 完成总换算周转量31,010亿公⾥换算 (huàn suàn) to convert; conversion; (in

turnover of 3.101 billion accounting, referring to currency conversion)
kilometers translation. 周转 (zhōu zhuǎn) to rotate; to circulate
(cash, stock etc); turnover; circulation; cash ow.
Transportation e ciency ranks 运输效率居世界第⼀世界第⼀ (shì jiè dì yī) ranked number one in the world;
rst in the world the world's rst.
However, the Chinese Railways 然而取得历史性进步的中国铁路取得 (qǔ dé) to acquire; to get; to obtain. 历史性 (lì shǐ
that have made historic xìng) historic.
progress
Still unable to meet the needs of 依然未能满⾜经济社会快速发展未能 (wèi néng) cannot; to fail to; unable to.
的需要
rapid economic and social
development
People can travel and goods ⼈便其⾏，货畅其流货 (huò) goods; money; commodity. 畅 (chàng) free;

ow freely unimpeded; smooth; at ease; free from worry; uent.
It is still the general expectation 依然是社会各界的普遍期待各界 (gè jiè) all walks of life; all social circles.
of all sectors of society
Since the 1990s 上世纪90年代以来

China has been su ering from a 中国⼀直经受着⼀种⼤国之痛经受 (jīng shòu) to undergo (hardship); to endure; to
great power withstand. ⼤国 (dà guó) a power (i.e. a dominant
country).
is is the Spring Festival 这就是春运春运 (chūn yùn) (increased) passenger transportation

around Chinese New Year.
Economic and social 经济社会的转型带来劳动⼒转型 (zhuǎn xíng) transformation; to transform. 劳动

transformation brings labor ⼒ (láo dòng lì) labor force; manpower.
Large-scale migration from 由经济⽋发达地区向经济发达地发达地区 (fā dá dì qū) developed area. ⼤规模 (dà guī
区的⼤规模流动
underdeveloped areas to mó) large scale; extensive; wide scale; broad scale. 流
economically developed areas 动 (liú dòng) to ow; to circulate; to go from place to
place; to be mobile; (of assets) liquid.
But the customs and cultural 但是春节回家团聚的习俗、⽂化春节 (chūn jié) Spring Festival (Chinese New Year). 回
家 (huí jiā) to return home. 团聚 (tuán jù) to reunite; to
传统
traditions of returning home for
the Spring Festival have a reunion. 习俗 (xí sú) custom; tradition; local
tradition; convention. ⽂化传统 (wén huà chuán
tǒng) cultural tradition.
And prompted these ⼜促使这些⼈口集中在春节前后前后 (qián hòu) around; from beginning to end; all
展开迁移
populations to migrate around around; front and rear. 迁移 (qiān yí) to migrate; to
the Spring Festival move.
is is the world’s largest short- 这是全球规模最⼤的⼈口短期⼤短期 (duǎn qī) short term; short-term.
迁移
term population migration
In the ow of billions of people 在⼏⼗亿⼈次的⼈口流动中⼗亿 (shí yì) one billion; giga-.
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Transportation is also under the 交通运输也承受着世界上最沉重沉重 (chén zhòng) heavy; hard; serious; critical.
的压⼒
heaviest pressure in the world
Insu cient capacity and poor 运⼒不⾜、服务质量不⾼服务质量 (fú wù zhì liàng) Quality of Service; QOS.
service quality
e railway has always been 铁路始终处在社会的⼴泛批评之处在 (chǔ zài) to be situated at; to nd oneself at.
中
subject to widespread criticism
from society
And the di culty of buying 而买票难、乘⻋难的持续发酵买票 (mǎi piào) to buy tickets; (Tw) to buy votes (in an
tickets and getting a car election). 乘⻋ (chéng chē) to ride (in a car or carriage);
continues to ferment to drive; to motor. 发酵 (fā jiào) to ferment;
fermentation.
More o en push the railway to 更常常将铁路推向舆论的漩涡中常常 (cháng cháng) frequently; o en. 舆论 (yú
⼼
the center of the whirlpool of lùn) public opinion. 漩涡 (xuán wō) whirlpool; eddy;
public opinion vortex; ( g.) maelstrom.
2008 Spring Festival 2008年春运

China’s railway passenger 中国铁路客运能⼒达到破记录的
1.96亿⼈次
capacity reaches a record-
breaking 196 million passengers
But just as the Spring Festival 但就在春节临近之际临近 (lín jìn) close to; approaching. 之际 (zhī jì) during;
approaches at the time of.
A sudden ice and snow 南⽅⼀场突如其来的冰雪巨灾阻突如其来 (tū rú qí lái) to arise abruptly; to arrive
挡了许多⼈返乡回家的脚步
catastrophe in the south suddenly; happening suddenly. 冰雪 (bīng xuě) ice and
prevented many people from snow. 阻挡 (zǔ dǎng) to stop; to resist; to obstruct. 返
returning home 乡 (fǎn xiāng) to return to one's home town. 脚步 (jiǎo
bù) footstep; step.
Chinese railways are under 中国铁路承受着巨⼤的冲击和压冲击 (chōng jī) to attack; to batter; (of waves) to pound
⼒
tremendous impact and against; shock; impact.
pressure
e situation at that time 当时的状况应该是⼀票难求、⼀

⻋难求这种情况
should be such a situation that
it is di cult to nd a ticket and
a car.
Everyone was very impressed ⼤家前⼀个时期对铁路的⼀个⾮

常深刻的印象
by the railway in the previous
period
e only way to solve the 破解困局唯⼀的办法就是加快推破解 (pò jiě) to break (a bond, constraint etc); to
进中国铁路现代化
dilemma is to accelerate the explain; to unravel; to decipher; to decode; to crack
modernization of China’s (so ware). 困局 (kùn jú) dilemma; predicament;
railways di cult situation. 加快 (jiā kuài) to accelerate; to speed
up. 推进 (tuī jìn) to impel; to carry forward; to push on;
to advance; to drive forward.
Promote the modernization of 推进铁路技术装备现代化装备 (zhuāng bèi) equipment; to equip; to out t.

railway technology and
equipment
is includes the development 这其中包括发展⾼速铁路

of high-speed railways
1990 1990年
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When high-speed railways 当⾼速铁路推动铁路在⼯业发达发达国家 (fā dá guó jiā) developed nation.
国家走向复兴之际
promote the revival of railways
in industrialized countries
e idea of high-speed rail is 关于⾼速铁路的构想也在中国浮构想 (gòu xiǎng) to conceive; concept. 浮出⽔⾯ (fú
出⽔⾯
also emerging in China chū shuǐ miàn) to oat up (idiom); to become evident;
to surface; to appear.
To realize the dream of high- 为实现⾼铁梦想

speed rail
Since the 1990s 从上世纪90年代开始

China concentrates scienti c 中国集中科研⼒量展开规模庞⼤科研 (kē yán) (scienti c) research. 庞⼤ (páng dà) huge;
而⼴泛深⼊的基础理论和建造技
research on large-scale and enormous; tremendous. 深⼊ (shēn rù) to penetrate
extensive research on basic deeply; thorough.
theory and construction 术研究
technology
Implemented 6 technology 落实了6个技术平台落实 (luò shí) practical; workable; to implement; to

platforms carry out; to decide.
Fully implement the integration 全⾯落实6个技术的⼀体化⼀体化 (yī tǐ huà) integration; incorporation;

of 6 technologies uni cation.
is is the communication 这个就是勘察设计、⼟木建筑、勘察 (kān chá) to reconnoiter; to explore; to survey. ⼟

木 (tǔ mù) building; construction; civil engineering. ⻋
汽⻋⻋辆到运营管理通信信号都
signal for survey and design,
civil engineering, automobile 辆 (chē liàng) vehicle. 通信 (tōng xìn) to correspond (by
and vehicle to operation 有的 letter etc); to communicate; communication. 有的 (yǒu
management de) (there are) some (who are...); some (exist).
Integration to work together ⼀体化来共同努⼒共同努⼒ (gòng tóng nǔ lì) to work together; to

collaborate.
is, foreigners call it the 这个，外国⼈叫做中国模式外国⼈ (wài guó rén) foreigner. 叫做 (jiào zuò) to be

Chinese model called; to be known as. 模式 (mó shì) mode; method;
pattern.
In the eld of basic railway 在铁路基础理论研究领域研究领域 (yán jiū lǐng yù) research area; eld of
theory research research.
Academician Shen Zhiyun with 具有国际声誉和影响⼒的沈志云声誉 (shēng yù) reputation; fame. 影响⼒ (yǐng xiǎng
院⼠
international reputation and lì) in uence; impact. 院⼠ (yuàn shì) scholar;
in uence academician; fellow (of an academy).
I have devoted my whole life to ⼀⽣都在致⼒于破解列⻋轮轨关⼀⽣ (yī shēng) all one's life; throughout one's life. ⿊匣
⼦ (hēi xiá zi) (airplane) black box.
系这个⿊匣⼦
cracking the black box of the
train wheel-rail relationship
Wheel and rail relationship 轮和轨的关系

is is the most critical basic 这是列⻋机⻋突破速度屏障最关课题 (kè tí) task; problem; issue.
键的基础性课题
issue for trains and locomotives
to break through the speed
barrier
In 1989, Shen Zhiyun presided 1989年沈志云在西南交通⼤学主西南交通⼤学 (xī nán jiāo tōng dà xué) Southwest
持筹建的牵引动⼒国家重点实验
over the establishment of the Jiaotong University. 筹建 (chóu jiàn) to prepare to build
State Key Laboratory of sth. 牵引 (qiān yǐn) to pull; to draw (a cart); to tow. 国家
Traction Power at Southwest 室重点实验室 (guó jiā zhòng diǎn shí yàn shì) State Key
Jiaotong University Laboratories (university laboratories in PRC supported
by the central government).
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Basic forward-looking research 已对⾼速铁路技术进⾏基础性前前瞻性 (qián zhān xìng) farsightedness; perspicacity;
瞻性研究
on high-speed railway prescience; forward-looking.
technology has been conducted
Since the establishment of the ⾃实验室成⽴以来实验室 (shí yàn shì) laboratory.

laboratory
Professor Zhang Weihua has 张卫华教授⼀直在这⾥⼯作

been working here
Relying on his research 依托他的研究成果依托 (yī tuō) to rely on; to depend on; support.
e laboratory has built a 实验室建造了机⻋整⻋动态模拟动态 (dòng tài) movement; motion; development;
试验台
complete locomotive dynamic trend; dynamic (science). 模拟 (mó nǐ) imitation; to
simulation test bed simulate; to imitate; analog (device, as opposed to
digital).
is world-class career 这个国际⼀流的事业平台⼀流 (yī liú) top quality; front ranking. 事业 (shì

platform yè) undertaking; project; activity; (charitable, political
or revolutionary) cause; publicly funded institution,
enterprise or foundation; career; occupation.
Make China the second country 使中国成为继德国之后第⼆个可

进⾏机⻋⻋辆全环境动态模拟试
a er Germany that can conduct
full-environmental dynamic
simulation tests on rolling stock 验的国家
You see that we have run the 你看到我们现在跑了600公⾥实验
600km experiment now
Now the design speed of this 现在我⾝后这个⻋设计速度就是⾝后 (shēn hòu) posthumous; one's social background;
500公⾥
car behind me is 500 kilometers behind the body.
At the time I thought why I did 当时我想我为什么要做这个项⽬

呢
this project
In other words, we are now 就是说，我们现在跑300、350 就是说 (jiù shì shuō) in other words; that is.
（公⾥）
running 300, 350 (km)
How much margin do we have? 我们还多少余量呢？余量 (yú liàng) remnant; le over; tolerance (i.e. allowed
error).
We don’t know 我们并不清楚不清楚 (bù qīng chu) unclear; not understood;

currently unknown.
So let’s explore this 所以我们来探究这种探究 (tàn jiū) to investigate; to delve; to probe; to

enquire into; to look into.
Some extreme problems of the ⾼铁的列⻋它的运动的⼀些极限极限 (jí xiàn) limit; extreme boundary.
问题
movement of high-speed trains
Ok now two meters 好，现在两⽶

At Central South University in 在位于⻓沙的中南⼤学⻓沙 (cháng shā) Changsha prefecture-level city and
Changsha capital of Hunan province in south central China. 中
南 (zhōng nán) South Central China (Henan, Hubei,
Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); abbr. for China-
South Africa.
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Established a national 设⽴有⾼速铁路建造技术国家⼯设⽴ (shè lì) to set up; to establish.
程实验室
engineering laboratory for
high-speed railway
construction technology
For the scientists here 对这⾥的科学家们来说科学家 (kē xué jiā) scientist.
eir challenge is how to break 他们的挑战是如何突破传统认识⼒学 (lì xué) mechanics; to study hard.
下的⼒学现象
through the mechanical
phenomena under the
traditional understanding
So as to explore the limit state 从而探寻列⻋运⾏速度的极限状探寻 (tàn xún) to search; to seek; to explore.
态
of train speed
From an aerodynamic 从空⽓动⼒学⻆度出发空⽓动⼒学 (kōng qì dòng lì xué) aerodynamics.

perspective
Professor Tian Hongqi has ⽥红旗教授对⾼速列⻋的⽓动外红旗 (hóng qí) Red ag city district; Hongqi district of
Xinxiang city 新乡市 (xīn xiāng shì), Henan. ⽓动 (qì
形结构进⾏了⻓期研究
conducted long-term research
on the aerodynamic shape and dòng) pneumatic. 外形 (wài xíng) gure; shape; external
structure of high-speed trains form; contour.
In the early 90s 在90年代初年代初 (nián dài chū) beginning of an age; beginning of

a decade.
Our country began to consider 我们国家就开始考虑发展⾼速铁

路
the development of high-speed
railway
In fact, our high-speed railway 那么实际上我们的⾼速铁路是经实际上 (shí jì shàng) in fact; in reality; as a matter of
过了⼏代⼈
has gone through several fact; in practice.
generations
So many decades 这么⼏⼗年的

Unremitting e orts, 不懈的努⼒、不懈的奋⽃不懈 (bù xiè) untiring; unremitting; indefatigable.
unremitting struggle
Finally came to today 最后走到了今天

At the same time as large-scale ⼤规模科研攻关的同时攻关 (gōng guān) to storm a strategic pass; g. to tackle
scienti c research a key problem.
e line survey of the Beijing- 京沪⾼速铁路的线路勘察也在悄悄然 (qiǎo rán) quietly; sorrowfully.
然进⾏
Shanghai high-speed railway is
also quietly proceeding
Survey of Beijing-Shanghai 京沪⾼速铁路的勘察

High-speed Railway
It should be from 1992, the 应该是从92年，最早是京津段京津 (jīng jīn) Beijing and Tianjin.

earliest is the Beijing-Tianjin
section
Use satellite positioning 使⽤卫星定位测量仪器卫星 (wèi xīng) satellite; moon. 定位 (dìng wèi) to

measuring instruments orientate; to position; to categorize (as); to characterize
(as); positioning; position; niche. 测量 (cè
liáng) survey; to measure; to gauge; to determine. 仪
器 (yí qì) instrument; apparatus.
Every 30 kilometers along the 沿线每隔30公⾥左右每隔 (měi gé) at intervals of; every (so o en).
line
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We set up a few GPS shops 我们就布了⼏段GPS店
Since then, I have started to 从那时候就开始搭导线、测地形那时候 (nà shí hou) at that time. 搭 (dā) to put up; to
build wires and measure terrain build (sca olding); to hang (clothes on a pole); to
connect; to join; to arrange in pairs; to match; to add; to
throw in (resources); to take (boat, train); variant of 褡
(dā). 导线 (dǎo xiàn) electrical lead. 地形 (dì
xíng) topography; terrain; landform.
Start survey 开始做勘测勘测 (kān cè) to investigate; to survey.
Scienti c research results need 科研成果需要落实到⼯程实践当

中
to be implemented into
engineering practice
In order to lay the technical 才能为建造⾼速铁路奠定技术基奠定 (diàn dìng) to establish; to x; to settle.
础
foundation for the construction
of high-speed railways
Build a new express railway line 新建⼀条快速铁路线

Make the necessary technical 为⾼速铁路的建造进⾏必要的技储备 (chǔ bèi) reserves; to store up.
术储备
reserves for the construction of
high-speed railways
Put into practice soon 很快便付诸实施

No 没有
August 1999 1999年8⽉
Construction of the passenger 秦皇岛⾄沈阳的铁路客运专线开秦皇岛 (qín huáng dǎo) Qinhuangdao prefecture level
⼯建设
dedicated railway line from city in Hebei. 沈阳 (shěn yáng) Shenyang subprovincial
Qinhuangdao to Shenyang city and capital of Liaoning province 辽宁省 in
started northeast China; old names include Fengtian 奉天,
Shengjing 盛京 and Mukden. 开⼯ (kāi gōng) to begin
work (of a factory or engineering operation); to start a
construction job.
A er 4 years of construction 历经4年建造历经 (lì jīng) to experience; to go through.
In October 2003, the rst 2003年10⽉这，⼀中国⾃主设计施⼯ (shī gōng) construction; to carry out construction
施⼯的第⼀条快速铁路客运专线
express railway passenger or large-scale repairs.
dedicated line designed and
constructed by China was 建成运营
completed and put into
operation.
On the Qin-Shen Railway 在秦沈铁路客运专线上秦 (qín) surname Qin; Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) of the
Passenger Dedicated Line rst emperor 秦始皇 (qín shǐ huáng); abbr. for 陕⻄
(shǎn xī). 线上 (xiàn shàng) online.
China’s self-developed EMU 中国⾃⾏研制的动⻋组列⻋从跑研制 (yán zhì) to manufacture; to develop. 跑出 (pǎo
出时速321.5公⾥的试验速度
train runs from a test speed of chū) to run out.
321.5 kilometers per hour
A er the railway is put into 铁路投⼊正式运营后

formal operation
e average train speed is 200 列⻋平均运⾏时速200公⾥

kilometers per hour
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Qin-Shen Railway Passenger 秦沈铁路客运专线成为中国铁路
⾼速化的起点
Dedicated Line has become the
starting point of China’s high-
speed railway
rough the construction of 通过秦沈线的建设

Qin-Shen Line
In retrospect, it has formed or 回过头来⼜形成，或者叫完善了过头 (guò tóu) to overdo it; to overstep the limit;
我们⾼速铁路的⼀些设计标准
perfected some of our high- excessively; above one's head; overhead.
speed railway design standards
For example, it was called ⽐如当时叫京沪⾼速

Beijing-Shanghai Expressway
(Speed) Temporary design （时速）300~350公⾥设计暂⾏规暂⾏ (zàn xíng) provisional.
定
regulations for 300~350
kilometers
Also formed such a designed 也形成了这样⼀个设计的技术标技术标准 (jì shù biāo zhǔn) technology standard.
准和技术体系
technical standard and
technical system
en this technical system in 那么这个技术体系反过来⼜⽀撑反过来 (fǎn guo lái) conversely; in reverse order; in an
了京津城际的建设
turn supports the construction opposite direction. ⽀撑 (zhī chēng) to prop up; to
of the Beijing-Tianjin intercity support; strut; brace.
Even the construction of 乃⾄武⼴（⾼铁）、郑西（⾼乃⾄ (nǎi zhì) and even; to go so far as to.
铁）的建设
Wuhan-Guangzhou (high-
speed rail) and Zhengxi (high-
speed rail)
At the same time that the Qin- 秦沈铁路客运专线建成的同时

Shen Railway Passenger
Dedicated Line was built
Breakthrough in the ongoing ⼀直在进⾏中的京沪⾼铁线路勘京沪⾼铁 (jīng hù gāo tiě) Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed

Railway, completed in 2010; abbr. for 京沪⾼速铁路. 进
察突破性进展
survey of the Beijing-Shanghai
high-speed rail line 展 (jìn zhǎn) to make headway; to make progress.
I started to consider this kind of 2003年的时候开始考虑这种这种精密 (jīng mì) accuracy; exact; precise; re ned.
精密测量技术
precision measurement
technology in 2003
At that time, I felt that the 那时候就觉得感觉到传统的铁路感觉到 (gǎn jué dào) to feel; to sense; to detect; to
的测量技术不能满⾜
traditional railway perceive; to become aware.
measurement technology could
not satisfy
e laying of high-speed ⾼速铁路特别是⽆砟轨道的铺设砟 (zhǎ) fragments. 轨道 (guǐ dào) orbit; railway or tram
要求了
railways, especially ballastless line; g. conventional way of thinking. 铺设 (pū shè) to
tracks, is required lay (railroad tracks, carpet, pipeline); to install (wiring,
cable); to construct (road, concrete slab).
At that time we took the lead in 那时我们率先在北京那时 (nà shí) then; at that time; in those days.
Beijing
All the way to the three yuan ⼀直到徐州这⼀段三元这⼀段徐州 (xú zhōu) Xuzhou prefecture level city in Jiangsu.
section of Xuzhou
We established the GPS frame 我们建⽴了GPS框架点框架 (kuàng jià) frame; framework; g. pattern; outline;
point organizing plan.
Frame control point 或者叫框架控制点

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Later we called CP0, when it 后来我们叫CP ，写进规范的时候规范 (guī fàn) norm; standard; speci cation; regulation;
was written into the rule; within the rules; to x rules; to regulate; to specify.
speci cation
Datum point 当时还叫基准点基准 (jī zhǔn) norm; standard; standard of reference;

base; base point; base line; benchmark; reference point;
reference frame; criterion; data.
e name is di erent 叫法上不太⼀样

e next few basic points 接下来这⼏个基本点就保证了⼀接下来 (jiē xià lái) to accept; to take; next; following. 基
本点 (jī běn diǎn) basis point ( nance), abbr. to 基点 (jī
个⻓⼤线路
ensure a long-term route
diǎn).
Railway long line 铁路⻓⼤线路

From Beijing to Xuzhou 从北京⼀直到徐州
Even to Shanghai 甚⾄到上海
Our error will not exceed two 我们的误差不会超过两个厘⽶误差 (wù chā) di erence; error; inaccuracy.
centimeters
With su cient technical 伴随着充分的技术储备

reserves
e construction of high-speed ⾼速铁路的建设逐渐呼之欲出呼之欲出 (hū zhī yù chū) lit. ready to appear at the call
railways is gradually coming out (idiom); g. on the verge of coming out into the open;
(of a person's choice etc) on the point of being
disclosed; (of an artistic depiction) vividly portrayed.
January 2004 2004年1⽉

e executive meeting of the 国务院常务会议批准通过中国历国务院 (guó wù yuàn) State Council (PRC); State
史上第⼀个中⻓期铁路⽹规划
State Council approved the rst Department (USA). 常务 (cháng wù) routine; everyday
mid- and long-term railway business; daily operation (of a company). 个中 (gè
network plan in Chinese zhōng) therein; in this. 规划 (guī huà) to plan (how to
history do sth); planning; plan; program.
Determined to build more than 确定到2020年前建设铁路客运专年前 (nián qián) before the end of the year; before the
线1.2万公⾥以上
12,000 kilometers of railway new year.
passenger dedicated lines by
2020
Form a four-vertical and four- 形成四纵四横的快速铁路客运⽹纵 (zòng) warp (the vertical threads in weaving);
horizon express railway vertical; longitudinal; north-south (lines of longitude);
passenger transport network lengthwise; to release; to indulge; even if.
China has drawn a blueprint for 中国绘就了⾼速铁路的发展蓝图绘 (huì) to draw; to paint. 蓝图 (lán tú) blueprint.
the development of high-speed
railways
July 31, 2006 2006年7⽉31⽇

e rst domestically-made ⾸例国产时速200公⾥动⻋组成功⾸例 (shǒu lì) rst case; rst instance. 国产 (guó
下线
EMU with a speed of 200 chǎn) domestically produced. 下线 (xià xiàn) to go
kilometers per hour o ine.
successfully rolled o the
assembly line
And start mass production 并开始批量⽣产批量⽣产 (pī liàng shēng chǎn) to mass produce.
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EMU is a group of vehicles 动⻋组就是含有若⼲动⼒⻋辆的含有 (hán yǒu) to contain; including. 若⼲ (ruò gān) a
⼀组⻋辆
containing several powered certain number or amount; how many?; how much?.
vehicles
And start mass production 并开始批量⽣产

EMU is a group of vehicles 动⻋组，就是含有若⼲动⼒⻋辆
的⼀组⻋辆
containing several powered
vehicles
Di erent from traditional 与传统机⻋牵引⽅式不同

locomotive traction
e EMUs distribute the power 动⻋组把动⼒装置分散安装在⻋装置 (zhuāng zhì) to install; installation; equipment;
厢上
units on the carriages system; unit; device. 分散 (fēn sàn) to scatter; to
disperse; to distribute.
en group several cars with 然后再把⼏节带有牵引动⼒的⻋带有 (dài yǒu) to have; to involve. 不带 (bù dài) not to
厢和⼏节不带动⼒的⻋厢编成⼀
traction power and several cars have; without; un-. 编成 (biān chéng) to organize; to
without power into a group put together; to edit.
组
On di erent types of tracks 在不同类型的轨道上
EMUs have di erent speed 动⻋组具有不同的速度级别级别 (jí bié) (military) rank; level; grade.
levels
It is used for both urban light 它既⽤于城市轻轨和城际快线⽤于 (yòng yú) use in; use on; use for. 轻轨 (qīng
rail and intercity express guǐ) light rail; transit system (underground, at street
level or elevated); streetcar; metro; abbr. for 轻型轨道
交通 (qīng xíng guǐ dào jiāo tōng).
It is also the main model of 也是⾼速铁路的主⼒⻋型主⼒ (zhǔ lì) main force; main strength of an army.
high-speed railway
China’s fast railways and high- 中国的快速铁路和⾼速铁路全部

采⽤动⻋组
speed railways all use EMUs
is is a kind of orbital mobile 这是⼀种⾏⻋时速达到或超过200 ⾏⻋ (xíng chē) to drive a vehicle; movement of
公⾥的轨道移动运载设备
carrier equipment with a vehicles. 运载 (yùn zài) to carry; to convey; delivery;
traveling speed of 200 supply.
kilometers per hour or more
EMU not only with excellent 动⻋组不仅以卓越的牵引卓越 (zhuó yuè) outstanding; surpassing; distinguished;
traction splendid.
e transmission e ect is 传动效果令⼈惊艳传动 (chuán dòng) drive (transmission in an engine). 令

amazing ⼈ (lìng rén) to cause one (to do sth); to make one
(angry, delighted etc). 惊艳 (jīng yàn) stunning;
breathtaking.
Known for safety, comfort, 以安全、舒适、节能、环保著称节能 (jié néng) to save energy; energy-saving. 环
保 (huán bǎo) environmental protection;
于世
energy saving and
environmental protection environmentally friendly; abbr. for 环境保护 (huán jìng
bǎo hù). 著称于世 (zhù chēng yú shì) world-renowned.
It is reshaping people’s concept 更以全新的形态重塑着⼈们对于全新 (quán xīn) all new; completely new. 形态 (xíng
⽕⻋的概念
of train in a new form tài) shape; form; pattern; morphology. 重塑 (chóng
sù) to reconstruct (an art object); to remodel.
April 18, 2007 2007年4⽉18⽇
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sixth major speed increase
A batch of domestic EMUs will ⼀批国产动⻋组随之投⼊运⾏随之 (suí zhī) thereupon; subsequently; accordingly.

be put into operation
Since then entered the daily life 从此走⼊中国⼈的⽇常⽣活走⼊ (zǒu rù) to walk into.
of the Chinese
Finishing the picture 在07年4⽉18号结束调图

adjustment on April 18, 2007
Achieved a speed of 200 实现了动⻋组200公⾥的时速

kilometers per hour for the
EMU
5-minute tracking interval 5分钟的追踪间隔追踪 (zhuī zōng) to follow a trail; to trace; to pursue. 间
隔 (jiàn gé) compartment; gap; interval; to divide.
160 kilometers (speed per 普速客⻋160公⾥（时速）

hour)
6 minute tracking interval 6分钟的追踪间隔

Freight train 5000 (ton) class 货物列⻋5000（吨）等级等级 (děng jí) grade; rank; status.
7 minute interval 7分钟的间隔

To this node 到这个节点节点 (jié diǎn) node.
It should be said that the rst 应该说走了⾼速铁路的第⼀步第⼀步 (dì yī bù) step one; rst step.
step of high-speed railway
A er entering the new century, 进⼊新世纪后，历经近30年的改

⾰开放
a er nearly 30 years of reform
and opening up
China has achieved rapid 中国实现了国家综合实⼒的快速

增⻓
growth in national
comprehensive strength
In 2008, China’s economic 2008年，中国经济总量超越德国超越 (chāo yuè) to surpass; to exceed; to transcend.

aggregate surpassed Germany
Become the third largest 成为全球第三⼤经济体

economy in the world
China has successively built the 中国相继建成世界上海拔最⾼的拔 (bá) to pull up; to pull out; to draw out by suction; to
⾼原铁路⻘藏铁路
highest plateau railway in the select; to pick; to stand out (above level); to surpass; to
world-the Qinghai-Tibet seize. ⻘藏铁路 (qīng zàng tiě lù) Qinghai-Tibet railway.
Railway
e largest hydropower station 世界上最⼤的⽔电站⻓江三峡⽔电站 (shuǐ diàn zhàn) hydroelectric power plant. ⻓江
三峡 (cháng jiāng sān xiá) ree Gorges or Yangtze
⼯程
in the world-the ree Gorges
Project on the Yangtze River Gorges, namely: Qutang Gorge 瞿塘峡 (qú táng xiá),
Wuxia Gorge 巫峡 (wū xiá) and Xiling Gorge ⻄陵峡 (xī
líng xiá).
And achieved world-renowned 并在航天领域取得举世瞩⽬的成航天 (háng tiān) space ight. 举世瞩⽬ (jǔ shì zhǔ
就
achievements in the aerospace mù) to receive worldwide attention.
eld
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China has formed the most 中国已形成全球最完备、最⻬全完备 (wán bèi) faultless; complete; perfect; to leave
的⼯业体系
complete and complete nothing to be desired. ⻬全 (qí quán) complete;
industrial system in the world comprehensive.
Become the only country in the 成为全世界唯⼀拥有联合国产业全世界 (quán shì jiè) worldwide; entire world. 联合
国 (lián hé guó) United Nations. ⻔类 (mén
分类中全部⼯业⻔类的国家
world that has all the industrial
categories in the United Nations lèi) category; kind; class.
Industrial Classi cation
e three economic circles of 环渤海、⻓三⻆、珠三⻆三⼤经渤海 (bó hǎi) Bohai Sea, or Bo Hai, between Liaoning
济圈已经崛起
Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Shandong; Parhae, Korean kingdom in Manchuria
and Pearl River Delta have risen and Siberia 698-926. ⻓三⻆ (cháng sān jiǎo) Yangtze
River Delta; abbr. for ⻓江三⻆洲. 珠三⻆ (zhū sān
jiǎo) Pearl River Delta.
New economic belts and 新的经济带和商业城市正在快速成型 (chéng xíng) to become shaped; to become
成型
commercial cities are rapidly formed.
taking shape
China has entered a critical 中国已进⼊城市化发展的关键时城市化 (chéng shì huà) urbanization.
期
period of urbanization
development
Whether it is economic ⽆论是经济实⼒、科技实⼒

strength or technological
strength
Still market environment 还是市场环境

Basic conditions for building 建造⾼速铁路的基本条件
high-speed railway
Fully mature 已完全成熟

While China implemented the 在中国对既有铁路线实施最后⼀
次⼤规模提速改造的同时
last large-scale speed-up
transformation of existing
railway lines
e construction of high-speed ⾼速铁路的建设终于全⾯展开

railway is nally in full swing
June 23, 2005 2005年6⽉23⽇

Construction of Wuhan- 武汉⾄⼴州⾼速铁路开⼯兴建武汉 (wǔ hàn) Wuhan city on Changjiang, subprovincial
Guangzhou high-speed railway city and capital of Hubei province. 兴建 (xīng jiàn) to
started build; to construct.

Design speed of 350 kilometers 设计时速350公⾥
per hour
July 4, 2005 2005年7⽉4⽇

e Beijing-Tianjin Intercity 北京⾄天津城际铁路投⼊建设天津 (tiān jīn) Tianjin, a municipality in northeast
Railway was put into China, abbr. 津.
construction

per hour
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September 25, 2005 2005年9⽉25⽇
Zhengzhou-Xi’an high-speed 郑州⾄西安⾼速铁路开⼯建设郑州 (zhèng zhōu) Zhengzhou prefecture level city and
railway started construction capital of Henan Province in central China. 西安 (xī
ān) Xi'an, sub-provincial city and capital of Shaanxi 陕⻄
省 (shǎn xī shěng) in northwest China; see ⻄安区 (xī ān
qū).

per hour
In August 2008, just before the 2008年8⽉就在北京奥运会开幕前

夕
opening of the Beijing Olympic
Games
Beijing-Tianjin Intercity 京津城际铁路开通运营

Railway opened and operated
China has achieved zero 中国实现了⾼速铁路的零突破

breakthrough in high-speed
railway
Subsequently, the Wuhan- 随后，武⼴⾼铁、郑西⾼铁、沪随后 (suí hòu) soon a er. 沪宁 (hù níng) Shanghai and
宁⾼铁、沪杭⾼铁相继建成运营
Guangzhou high-speed rail, Nanjing. 杭 (háng) surname Hang; Hangzhou.
Zhengxi high-speed rail,
Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed
rail, and Shanghai-Hangzhou
high-speed rail were completed
and put into operation
China has crossed the distance 中国跨越了梦想和现实的距离跨越 (kuà yuè) to step across; step over.
between dream and reality
Enter the era of high-speed rail 步⼊⾼铁时代步⼊ (bù rù) to step into; to enter.
June 30, 2011 2011年6⽉30⽇

e 1,318-kilometer Beijing- 全⻓1318公⾥的京沪⾼速铁路建
成通⻋
Shanghai high-speed railway
was completed and opened to
tra c
is was the longest high-speed 这是当时世界上⼀次性建成⾥程

最⻓的⾼速铁路
railway in the world at that
time.
It is also a representative work 也是中国⾼速铁路建设的代表之

作
of China’s high-speed railway
construction
More than 50 academicians 50多名院⼠

150,000 engineering experts 15万⼯程专家
More than 150 companies 150多家企业
More than 100,000 construction 10多万施⼯⼈员
workers
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Participated in the 参与了京沪⾼速铁路的论证设计论证 (lùn zhèng) to prove a point; to expound on; to
和建设
demonstration design and demonstrate or prove (through argument); proof.
construction of the Beijing-
Shanghai high-speed railway
e whole project lasted nearly 整个⼯程历时近4年历时 (lì shí) to last; to take (time); period; diachronic.
4 years
More than 4.7 million tons of 耗费了470多万吨钢材耗费 (hào fèi) to waste; to spend; to consume; to
steel was consumed squander. 钢材 (gāng cái) steel (as raw material); steel
sheets, bars, tubes, ingots, wire etc.
Over 27 million tons of cement 2700多万吨⽔泥⽔泥 (shuǐ ní) cement.
120 million tons of sand and 1亿2000万吨砂⽯料砂⽯ (shā shí) sandstone; sand and stone; aggregate.
gravel
e concrete consumed is 消耗的混凝⼟⾜够浇筑4座三峡⼤消耗 (xiāo hào) to use up; to consume. 混凝⼟ (hùn
坝
enough to pour 4 ree Gorges níng tǔ) concrete. ⾜够 (zú gòu) enough;
Dams su cient. 筑 (zhù) to build; to construct; to ram; to hit;
Taiwan pr. (zhú). 三峡⼤坝 (sān xiá dà bà) ree Gorges
Dam on the Yangtze River.
It has been running 它已持续运⾏350公⾥的设计时速

continuously at a design speed
of 350 kilometers per hour
Across the four major water 跨越海河、⻩河、淮河、⻓江四海河 (hǎi hé) Hai He (a system of ve waterways around
Tianjin, owing into Bohai 渤海 at Dagukou ⼤沽⼝). 淮
⼤⽔系
systems of Haihe, Yellow, Huai
and Yangtze Rivers 河 (huái hé) Huai River, main river of east China,
between the Yellow River ⻩河 (huáng hé) and the
Changjiang ⻓江 (cháng jiāng). ⽔系 (shuǐ xì) drainage
system.
Enough to reduce the train ⾜以将北京⾄上海的列⻋运⾏时⾜以 (zú yǐ) su cient to...; so much so that; so that. 压
缩 (yā suō) to compress; compression.
间压缩到4个小时
running time from Beijing to
Shanghai to 4 hours
It’s like a strong artery 它如同⼀条强劲的动脉同⼀ (tóng yī) identical; the same. 强劲 (qiáng

jìng) strong; powerful; robust. 动脉 (dòng mài) artery.
ree major municipalities and 引进的中国三⼤直辖市和4个省份引进 (yǐn jìn) to recommend; to introduce (from
four provinces introduced in outside). 直辖市 (zhí xiá shì) municipality, namely:
China Beijing 北京, Tianjin 天津, Shanghai 上海 and
Chongqing 重庆, the rst level administrative
subdivision; province level city; also called directly
governed city.
11 cities with over one million 辐射沿线11座⼈口超百万的城市辐射 (fú shè) radiation. 百万 (bǎi wàn) million; millions.
population along the radiation
line
Between China’s Bohai Sea 在中国的环渤海经济圈和⻓江三⻓江三⻆洲 (cháng jiāng sān jiǎo zhōu) Yangtze River
⻆洲经济圈之间
Economic Circle and the Delta.
Yangtze River Delta Economic
Circle
It carries the ow of people, 它载动着⼈流、信息流和资⾦流动 (dòng) (of sth) to move; to set in movement; to
⾼速运转
information and capital at a displace; to touch; to make use of; to stir (emotions); to
high speed alter; abbr. for 动词 (dòng cí), verb. ⼈流 (rén
liú) stream of people; abortion; abbr. for ⼈⼯流产 (rén
gōng liú chǎn). 运转 (yùn zhuǎn) to work; to operate; to
revolve; to turn around.
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Connect the city and its towns 把城市和城市的乡镇连成⼀体乡镇 (xiāng zhèn) village; township. ⼀体 (yī tǐ) an
integral whole; all concerned; everybody.
e high-speed trains we now 我们现在每天运⾏的⾼速列⻋

run every day
ere is no such large-scale 这么⼤规模世界上是没有的

world
Guarantee such a large-scale 保证这么⼤规模的⾼速列⻋

high-speed train
Safe, smooth and comfortable 安全、平稳、舒适的运⾏平稳 (píng wěn) smooth; steady.

operation
And so e cient 而且效率这么⾼

ere is no in the world 在世界上也是没有的
As China enters the era of high- 伴随着中国迈⼊⾼铁时代迈 (mài) to take a step; to stride.
speed rail
High-speed railway strongly ⾼速铁路强烈地影响着⼈们的出

⾏习惯
a ects people’s travel habits
Rewrite people’s life 改写着⼈们的⽣活⾯貌改写 (gǎi xiě) to revise; to edit. ⾯貌 (miàn

mào) appearance; face; features.
In the annual Spring Festival 在⼀年⼀度的春运⼤潮中⼀度 (yī dù) for a time; at one time; one time; once. ⼤
wave 潮 (dà cháo) spring tide; ( g.) momentous social
change.
High-speed rail has gradually ⾼铁逐渐成为春运的主⻆主⻆ (zhǔ jué) leading role; lead.

become the protagonist of the
Spring Festival

National railways sent more 全国铁路发送旅客超过2.4亿⼈次
than 240 million passengers
Among them, there are more 其中乘坐⾼铁的旅客6700多万⼈万⼈ (wàn rén) ten thousand people; all the people;
次
than 67 million passengers everyman.
taking high-speed rail

Railway transports nearly 300 铁路运送旅客近3亿⼈次运送 (yùn sòng) to transport; to carry.
million passengers
Among them, more than 100 其中乘坐⾼铁的旅客超过1亿

million passengers take high-
speed rail
e amount of high-speed rail ⾼铁这⼀块的发送量⼀块 (yī kuài) one block; one piece; one (unit of
sent money); together; in the same place; in company.
Accounted for 50% of the total 占了整个铁路发送量的50%

railway shipments
At the same time, the 同时中国⾼铁发送的，完成的客客运量 (kè yùn liàng) amount of passenger tra c.
运量
completed passenger volume
sent by China’s high-speed rail
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It also accounts for about 60% 也占了世界⾼铁完成客运量的
60%左右的⽔平
of the world’s high-speed rail
passenger volume
is a ernoon, Zhu Jiping and 这天下午，朱继平和妻⼦周红梅平和 (píng hé) Pinghe county in Zhangzhou 漳州
⼀起上街购物
his wife Zhou Hongmei went (zhāng zhōu), Fujian. 上街 (shàng jiē) to go onto the
shopping together streets; to go shopping.
How much is a catty? 多少钱⼀⽄？

is is part of a big event 这是夫妇俩筹划的⼀件⼤事的⼀夫妇 (fū fù) a (married) couple; husband and wife. 筹
划 (chóu huà) to plan and prepare. ⼤事 (dà shì) major
部分回家
planned by the couple-going
home event; major political event (war or change of regime);
major social event (wedding or funeral); (do sth) in a big
way. ⼀部分 (yī bù fen) portion; part of; subset.
Is there a refrigerator in this 这个国家要放冰箱吗？

country?
To put in the refrigerator 要放冰箱的

We are not afraid when we get 我们坐⻋的时候从⻋上走的时候坐⻋ (zuò chē) to take the car, bus, train etc. 不怕 (bù
不怕吧
out of the car when we are in pà) fearless; not worried (by setbacks or di culties);
the car even if; even though.
All right 没事吧没事 (méi shì) it's not important; it's nothing; never
mind; to have nothing to do; to be free; to be all right
(out of danger or trouble).
nothing 没事的
Since coming to Guangzhou ⾃从20多年前来⼴州谋⽣谋⽣ (móu shēng) to seek one's livelihood; to work to
more than 20 years ago to make support oneself; to earn a living.
a living
ey can only return to their 他们差不多每年只能回到家乡⼀只能 (zhǐ néng) can only; obliged to do sth; to have no
次
hometown about once a year other choice.
e Spring Festival is 春节正在⼀天天临近天天 (tiān tiān) every day.

approaching every day
e street was lled with a 街上洋溢着与往⽇不同的⽓氛街上 (jiē shang) on the street; in town. 洋溢 (yáng
di erent atmosphere from the yì) brimming with; steeped in. 往⽇ (wǎng rì) former
past days; the past.
On this day, the 2016 Spring 就在这⼀天，2016年春运拉开⼤

幕
Festival Transport kicked o
e number of passengers sent 春运中全国旅客发送量将接近30

亿⼈次
nationwide during the Spring
Festival transport will be close
to 3 billion
And the number of passengers 而乘坐⽕⻋出⾏的旅客将逼近3.3 逼近 (bī jìn) to press on towards; to close in on; to
亿⼈次
traveling by train will approach approach; to draw near.
330 million
Every year I go home for the 每年过年回家还去因为中国传统过年 (guò nián) to celebrate the Chinese New Year. 好
坏 (hǎo huài) good or bad; good and bad; standard;
年不管是好坏
Chinese New Year because the
traditional Chinese New Year is quality.
good or bad
Can I go home for reunion now 现在能够回家团圆嘛团圆 (tuán yuán) to have a reunion.
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How much money is secondary 钱多少是次要的
e main thing is to be happy 最主要是开⼼
Zhu Jiping and his wife run a 在⼴州朱继平夫妇经营着⼀家裁⼀家 (yī jiā) the whole family; the same family; the
缝铺
tailor shop in Guangzhou family ... (when preceded by a family name); group. 裁
缝 (cái féng) tailor; dressmaker. 铺 (pù) plank bed; place
to sleep; shop; store; (old) relay station.
e store is small 店⾯很小店⾯ (diàn miàn) shop front.
But the business can basically 但⽣意基本还能维持维持 (wéi chí) to keep; to maintain; to preserve.
be maintained
eir hometown is Taixing on 他们的家乡在⻓江下游东岸的泰下游 (xià yóu) lower reaches (of a river); lower level;
兴
the east bank of the lower lower echelon; downstream. 泰兴 (tài xīng) Taixing
Yangtze River county level city in Taizhou 泰州 (tài zhōu), Jiangsu.
A pair of children, always taken ⼀双⼉⼥，⼀直由⽼朱的⺟亲负

责照顾
care of by Lao Zhu’s mother
It was really hard when I came 那时候来⼴东的时候真的是好⾟⼴东 (guǎng dōng) Guangdong province (Kwangtung)
in south China, short name 粤 (yuè), capital Guangzhou
苦
to Guangdong at that time
⼴州.
One year I remember to go to 有⼀年我记得去到⻋停到江西那江西 (jiāng xī) Jiangxi province (Kiangsi) in southeast

China, abbr. 赣, capital Nanchang 南昌. 那边 (nà
边嘛
the car and park it in Jiangxi
bian) over there; yonder.
Get on the bus in Jiangxi 江西那边上⻋上⻋ (shàng chē) to get on or into (a bus, train, car etc).
As a result, the car is crowded 结果⻋上是挤的是

ere are unlimited trains ⽕⻋不限量的嘛
All up 全部上
Can’t squeeze 挤不上去上去 (shàng qù) to go up.
It turned out that the luggage 结果是⾏李是从那窗上⾯接上来⾏李 (xíng li) luggage. 上⾯ (shàng miàn) on top of;
was picked up from the window above-mentioned; also pr. (shàng mian). 上来 (shàng
lái) to come up; to approach; (verb complement
indicating success).
People are two people, three ⼈呢是两个⼈三个⼈

people
Two people pushed him up 两个⼈把他推上去的

Pulled up from the car window 从⻋窗上⾯拉上来的⻋窗 (chē chuāng) car window; window of vehicle (bus,
train etc).
At that time 那时候

A few days later ⼏天后⼏天 (jǐ tiān) several days.
ey want 他们就要
Leave the city 离开这座城市
Embark on a journey home 踏上返乡之旅踏上 (tà shàng) to set foot on; to step on or into.
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But di erent from previous 但和往年不同往年 (wǎng nián) in former years; in previous years.
years
is time they will take the 这⼀次他们将乘坐⾼铁回家

high-speed rail home
In response to the 2016 Spring 为应对2016年春运应对 (yìng duì) response; to answer; to reply.

Festival
e railway department 铁路部⻔安排开⾏列⻋3543对

arranges to run 3543 pairs of
trains
2128 pairs of EMU trains 其中动⻋组列⻋2128对

60% of total train operation 战列⻋开⾏总量的60%
During the Spring Festival, 在春运中，⾼速铁路列⻋⾸次超⾸次 (shǒu cì) rst; rst time; for the rst time.
过普速列⻋
high-speed railway trains
surpassed normal-speed trains
for the rst time
en it should be said in the 那么这些年应该说，通过⾼铁的

修建⼀票难求的问题
past few years that it is di cult
to nd a ticket through the
construction of high-speed rail
Basically got a lot of relief 基本上⼤⼤的得到了缓解基本上 (jī běn shang) basically; on the whole.
Hard to nd a car ⼀⻋难求的问题

Basically doesn’t exist anymore 基本上现在不存在了
erefore, from the perspective 所以从运输能⼒的⻆度是更好地
适应和满⾜了经济社会发展的需
of transportation capacity, it is
better to adapt to and meet the
needs of economic and social 要
development.
Bent over? Sitting like this... 弯着腰吗？这么坐着……

Lao Zhu and his wife embarked ⽼朱和妻⼦踏上了回家的⻓途
on a long journey home
is is the rst time the couple 这是夫妇俩第⼀次乘坐⾼铁列⻋

took a high-speed train
Same as Zhu Jiping and his wife 和朱继平夫妇⼀样

More and more people choose 越来越多的⼈选择乘坐⾼铁完成返程 (fǎn chéng) return journey (e.g. home).
他们的回乡与返程之旅
to take the high-speed rail to
complete their home and return
journey
e Spring Festival is getting 春节越来越近，铁路春运也进⼊⾼潮 (gāo cháo) high tide; high water; upsurge; climax;
⾼潮
closer, and the railway Spring orgasm; chorus (part of a song).
Festival transportation has also
entered a climax
On this day, Wang Fuchun 这天，王福春从北京西站登上⼀这天 (zhè tiān) today; this day. 登上 (dēng shàng) to
趟⾼铁列⻋
boarded a high-speed train climb over; to ascend onto; to mount.
from Beijing West Railway
Station
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He is looking for creative 他在为新的作品寻找创作素材素材 (sù cái) source material (in literature and art).
materials for new works
When the once di cult journey 当曾经艰难的返乡之旅正在变得

越来越轻松
home is becoming easier
Wang Fuchun recorded 王福春⽤⼿中的相机记录下他捕捕捉 (bǔ zhuō) to catch; to seize; to capture.
捉到的⼀切
everything he captured with
the camera in his hand
is change in the Spring 这春运的变化印证着历史的演进印证 (yìn zhèng) to seal; to con rm; to corroborate; to
Festival transport con rms the verify. 演进 (yǎn jìn) evolution; gradual forward
evolution of history progress.
Showing the pulse of the times 展现着时代的脉动展现 (zhǎn xiàn) to come out; to emerge; to reveal; to
display. 脉动 (mài dòng) pulse; throbbing; pulsation.
As a train driver 作为⼀名⽕⻋司机

Wang Jinda will usher in its new 王劲达今天将迎来它新的事业起
点
career starting point today
Become the rst batch of high- 成为云南铁路局第⼀批选拔出来选拔 (xuǎn bá) to select the best.
的⾼铁司机
speed rail drivers selected by
Yunnan Railway Bureau
is scene is approaching with 这个场⾯随着沪昆⾼铁全线开通场⾯ (chǎng miàn) scene; spectacle; occasion; situation.
运营的临近
the opening of the Shanghai-
Kunming high-speed rail
Happens almost every day ⼏乎每天都在发⽣

e selection conditions for ⾼铁驾驶员的选拔条件⼗分苛刻驾驶员 (jià shǐ yuán) pilot; driver. 苛刻 (kē kè) harsh;
high-speed rail drivers are very severe; demanding.
demanding
e requirements for the driver 对驾驶员的要求不仅是⽣理上的⽣理 (shēng lǐ) physiology.

are not only physiological
e requirements for driving 对驾驶经验的要求也是历史上最最为 (zuì wéi) the most.
为严格的
experience are also the most
stringent in history
Wang Jinda started his own 王劲达开始了⾃⼰⾼铁驾驶员的

培训
high-speed rail driver training
en everyone must remember 然后⼤家⼀定要切记拿来我们闭⼀定要 (yī dìng yào) must. 切记 (qiè jì) remember at all
合阻断的时候
that when we closed and costs. 拿来 (ná lái) to bring; to fetch; to get. 闭合 (bì
blocked hé) to close by coming together (like the lips of a
wound, the doors of an elevator, the walls of a channel);
to close by connecting in a loop (like a circuit); closed-
loop. 阻断 (zǔ duàn) to block; to obstruct; to intercept;
to interdict.
Enter the cab of a high-speed 第⼀次进⾼铁动⻋组的驾驶室

rail EMU for the rst time
at kind of feeling is 是那种感觉就是焕然⼀新的那种 (nà zhǒng) that; that kind of; that sort of; that type
completely new of. 焕然⼀新 (huàn rán yī xīn) to look completely new
(idiom); brand new; changed beyond recognition.
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It is completely di erent from 跟我们普通的机油机⻋是完全不机油 (jī yóu) engine oil. 不⼀样 (bù yī yàng) di erent;
⼀样的
our ordinary oil locomotive distinctive; unlike.
ere are fewer and fewer 操纵的东西需要司机操纵的设备操纵 (cāo zòng) to operate; to control; to rig; to
是越来越少
devices that need to be manipulate.
manipulated by the driver
I felt like I was in a ve-star 就感觉是进了五星级酒店的房间五星级 (wǔ xīng jí) ve-star (hotel). 酒店 (jiǔ diàn) wine
hotel room shop; pub (public house); hotel; restaurant; (Tw)
hostess club.
For the rst batch of selected 对于第⼀批被选拔出来的⾼铁司

机来说
high-speed rail drivers
ey all look forward to the 他们都期待着沪昆⾼铁早⽇全线早⽇ (zǎo rì) soon; shortly; on a day quite soon;
通⻋
early opening of the Shanghai- promptly.
Kunming high-speed rail
Get on the high-speed train that 早⼀天开上令他们神往的⾼速列神往 (shén wǎng) to be fascinated; to be rapt; to long
⻋
fascinates them one day earlier for; to dream of.
e rapid development of 中国铁路的快速发展

Chinese railways
Not only let them continue to 不仅让他们不断挑战着⼀代⼜⼀⼀代 (yī dài) generation.
代的新型机⻋
challenge generations of new
locomotives
Let them feel the pulse of the 更让他们感受到⾼速时代的脉搏脉搏 (mài bó) pulse (both medical and gurative).
high-speed era
Some people say that many 有⼈说这些年中国发⽣了很多变

化
changes have taken place in
China over the years
Our China has indeed 咱们中国也的确发⽣了翻天覆地翻天覆地 (fān tiān fù dì) sky and the earth turning
的变化
undergone earth-shaking upside down (idiom); g. complete confusion;
changes everything turned on its head.
But let me tell you, the fastest 但要我说了嘛，变化最快的还是

我们中国铁路
change is our China Railway
From meter gauge, to standard 从⽶轨，到标轨，到⾼铁

gauge, to high-speed rail
Just over 10 years 就这短短的10多年了

I experienced it myself, I was 我亲⾝经历了，我有幸经历了亲⾝ (qīn shēn) personal; oneself. 有幸 (yǒu
lucky enough to experience it xìng) fortunately.
I think this is the starting point 我觉得这是我梦想的起点

of my dream
July 5, 2016 at 10:40 am 2016年7⽉5⽇早上10:40

Yunnan’s rst high-speed 云南第⼀趟⾼速综合检测列⻋从开⻋ (kāi chē) to drive a car.
昆明南站开⻋
comprehensive inspection train
drove from Kunming South
Station
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is means that the Shanghai- 这意味着沪昆⾼铁全线开通运营在即 (zài jí) near at hand; imminent; within sight.
在即
Kunming high-speed rail will be
fully operational soon
It also means that Yunnan is 也意味着云南即将融⼊全国的⾼融⼊ (róng rù) to blend into; to integrate; to assimilate;
铁⽹
about to integrate into the to merge.
national high-speed rail
network
Close the time and space 拉近与内地的时空距离内地 (nèi dì) mainland China (PRC excluding Hong
distance with the mainland Kong and Macau, but including islands such as Hainan);
Japan (used in Taiwan during Japanese colonization). 时
空 (shí kōng) time and place; world of a particular locale
and era; (physics) space-time.
Wang Jinda is like thousands of 王劲达和千万个中国⾼铁司机⼀

样
Chinese high-speed rail drivers
Entered the era of China’s high- 进⼊了中国的⾼铁时代

speed rail
From not having an inch of 从没有⼀⼨⾼速铁路到成为世界

上⾼速铁路运营⾥程最⻓、在建
high-speed railway to becoming
the country with the longest
high-speed railway operating 规模最⼤的国家
mileage and the largest under
construction in the world
e Chinese have completed 中国⼈以较短的时间走完了⼀些完了 (wán le) to be nished; to be done for; ruined;
发达国家数⼗年的发展历程
decades of development in gone to the dogs; oh no.
some developed countries in a
relatively short time
Another miracle ⼜⼀次创造了奇迹⼜⼀次 (yòu yī cì) yet again; once again; once more.
High-speed railways extending ⼀条条向远⽅延伸的⾼速铁路远⽅ (yuǎn fāng) far away; a distant location. 延伸 (yán

far away shēn) to extend; to spread.
Condenses the unswerving 凝结着⼈类对速度⽮志不渝的追凝结 (níng jié) to condense; to solidify; to coagulate;
求
pursuit of human speed clot (of blood). ⽮志 (shǐ zhì) to take an oath to do sth;
to pledge; to vow. 不渝 (bù yú) constant; unchanging;
abiding; faithful.
Shows a nation’s innovative and 展现了⼀个⺠族创新进取⾝姿创新 (chuàng xīn) innovation; to bring forth new ideas;
enterprising posture to blaze new trails. 进取 (jìn qǔ) to show initiative; to be
a go-getter; to push forward with one's agenda.
Engraved with the marks of 镌刻着⽆数建设者⽣命的印记镌刻 (juān kè) to engrave. 印记 (yìn jì) imprint; trace.
countless builders’ lives
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Machine Translation For Your Reference (Unverified) : China High Speed Rail / Episode 1 - Pulse of The Times

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1

China High Speed Rail / Episode 1 – Pulse of the Times

is high-speed railway 这条连接上海与昆明的⾼速铁路 连接 (lián jiē) to link; to join; to attach; connection; a

As a descendant of railroad 作为铁路⼈的后代 后代 (hòu dài) descendant; progeny; posterity; later

Shanghai-Kunming high-speed 全⻓2266公⾥的沪昆⾼铁 全⻓ (quán cháng) overall length; span.

High-speed railway with the 经过省份最多的⾼速铁路 省份 (shěng fèn) province. 最多 (zuì duō) at most;

e Shanghai-Kunming high- 沪昆⾼铁在云南省境内全⻓186公 云南省 (yún nán shěng) Yunnan Province in southwest

It is also the rst high-speed 也是云南省第⼀条⾼速铁路

en it started in the provinces 然后就开始位于中国西南边陲的 西南 (xī nán) southwest. 边陲 (biān chuí) border area;

At this time, on the vast 此时，在中国⼴袤的版图上 此时 (cǐ shí) now; this moment. ⼴袤 (guǎng

From south to north 从南到北

June 30, 2011 2011年6⽉30⽇

1318 kilometers in length 全⻓1318公⾥

Once set a speed record of 曾经创造了时速486.1公⾥的速度 时速 (shí sù) speed per hour.

December 1, 2012 2012年12⽉1⽇

921 kilometers in length 全⻓921公⾥

December 26, 2012 2012年12⽉26⽇

2,298 kilometers in length 全⻓2298公⾥

December 26, 2014 2014年12⽉26⽇

1,776 kilometers in length 全⻓1776公⾥

December 30, 2015 2015年12⽉30⽇

653 kilometers in length 全⻓653公⾥

In terms of business speed 在商业速度⽅⾯

High speed, high density, large ⾼速度，⾼密度，⼤载客量 ⾼密度 (gāo mì dù) high density. 载客量 (zài kè

e average speed of our 我们旅客列⻋的平均速度是最⾼ 旅客 (lǚ kè) traveler; tourist.

1318 kilometers from Beijing to 像北京到上海1318公⾥

e fastest average speed is 280 最快的平均速度是280公⾥

Japan, France, Spain, and ⽆论说⽇本、法国、西班⽛、德 法国 (fǎ guó) France; French. 西班⽛ (xī bān

Re ects his comprehensive 体现了他的综合⽔平

As of the end of 2015 截⾄2015年底 截⾄ (jié zhì) up to (a time); by (a time). 年底 (nián

From cold temperate to tropical 从冷温带到热带 温带 (wēn dài) temperate zone. 热带 (rè dài) the

From minus 40 degrees Celsius 从摄⽒零下40度到摄⽒零上40度 摄⽒ (shè shì) Celsius; centigrade. 零下 (líng xià) below

e total mileage of high-speed 中国建造的⾼速铁路总⾥程已达 建造 (jiàn zào) to construct; to build.

More than 60% of the world’s 占世界⾼速铁路运营⾥程的60%

Become the country with the 成为全球⾼速铁路运营⾥程最⻓

2007 to 2015 2007年⾄2015年

It accounts for 4.5% of railway 占铁路旅客发送量的⽐重有4.5% ⽐重 (bǐ zhòng) proportion; speci c gravity.

Increased to 45.8% 增⻓到45.8% 增⻓ (zēng zhǎng) to grow; to increase.

What is high-speed railway? 什么是⾼速铁路？

e International Railway 国际铁路联盟曾规定 联盟 (lián méng) alliance; union; coalition.

e National Railway 中国国家铁路局则定义为

Newly-built railway lines with 列⻋开⾏时速在250公⾥以上的新

High-speed railway 都属于⾼速铁路

High-speed rail enters their ⾼铁进⼊他们的⽣活

e train is a familiar means of ⽕⻋是⼈们熟悉的⼤众化交通⼯ ⽕⻋ (huǒ chē) train. ⼤众化 (dà zhòng huà) mass-

But to be precise, it is not a 但准确的说它不是现代交通⼯具

But the product of the modern 而是近代⼯业⾰命的产物 而是 (ér shì) rather. ⼯业⾰命 (gōng yè gé

e train became the rst ⽕⻋成为⼈类历史上第⼀个完全 历史上 (lì shǐ shàng) historical; in history. 依赖 (yī

e young British actress 尚处于幼年的英国⼥演员弗朗斯· 处于 (chǔ yú) to be in (some state, position, or

By 1860, British railways had 到1860年，英国铁路已延⻓到3万

Railways in industrialized 在⼯业化国家铁路逐渐走向末路 ⼯业化国家 (gōng yè huà guó jiā) industrialized

Its dominant position in 其交通运输的优势地位被汽⻋、 航空 (háng kōng) aviation. 管道 (guǎn dào) tubing;

In 1960, the British Macdonald 1960年，英国麦克唐纳出版社出 麦克 (mài kè) Mike (name). 唐纳 (táng nà) Tanner or

Which wrote: 其中这样写道：

So many of his advantages are 因而对他的许多优点已视为当然

October 1, 1964 1964年10⽉1⽇

e Tokaido Shinkansen 连接东京和⼤阪的东海道新⼲线 ⼤阪 (dà bǎn) Ōsaka, a city and prefecture in Japan. 东

It is also the world’s rst high- 也是世界上第⼀条投⼊商业运营

Tokaido Shinkansen within 4 东海道新⼲线在4个小时的运⾏时

Japan began construction of the ⽇本于1967年开始修建连接⼤阪 修建 (xiū jiàn) to build; to construct. 福冈 (fú

Opened in 1975 ⾄1975年全线开通

us formed the Paci c 由此形成沿太平洋伸展的太平洋 由此 (yóu cǐ) hereby; from this. 沿 (yán) along; to

e emergence of high-speed ⾼速铁路的出现

is high-speed railway 这条连接上海与昆明的⾼速铁路连接 (lián jiē) to link; to join; to attach; connection; a

As a descendant of railroad 作为铁路⼈的后代后代 (hòu dài) descendant; progeny; posterity; later

Shanghai-Kunming high-speed 全⻓2266公⾥的沪昆⾼铁全⻓ (quán cháng) overall length; span.

High-speed railway with the 经过省份最多的⾼速铁路省份 (shěng fèn) province. 最多 (zuì duō) at most;

e Shanghai-Kunming high- 沪昆⾼铁在云南省境内全⻓186公云南省 (yún nán shěng) Yunnan Province in southwest

en it started in the provinces 然后就开始位于中国西南边陲的西南 (xī nán) southwest. 边陲 (biān chuí) border area;

At this time, on the vast 此时，在中国⼴袤的版图上此时 (cǐ shí) now; this moment. ⼴袤 (guǎng

Once set a speed record of 曾经创造了时速486.1公⾥的速度时速 (shí sù) speed per hour.

High speed, high density, large ⾼速度，⾼密度，⼤载客量⾼密度 (gāo mì dù) high density. 载客量 (zài kè

e average speed of our 我们旅客列⻋的平均速度是最⾼旅客 (lǚ kè) traveler; tourist.

Japan, France, Spain, and ⽆论说⽇本、法国、西班⽛、德法国 (fǎ guó) France; French. 西班⽛ (xī bān

As of the end of 2015 截⾄2015年底截⾄ (jié zhì) up to (a time); by (a time). 年底 (nián

From cold temperate to tropical 从冷温带到热带温带 (wēn dài) temperate zone. 热带 (rè dài) the

From minus 40 degrees Celsius 从摄⽒零下40度到摄⽒零上40度摄⽒ (shè shì) Celsius; centigrade. 零下 (líng xià) below

e total mileage of high-speed 中国建造的⾼速铁路总⾥程已达建造 (jiàn zào) to construct; to build.

e International Railway 国际铁路联盟曾规定联盟 (lián méng) alliance; union; coalition.

e train is a familiar means of ⽕⻋是⼈们熟悉的⼤众化交通⼯⽕⻋ (huǒ chē) train. ⼤众化 (dà zhòng huà) mass-

But the product of the modern 而是近代⼯业⾰命的产物而是 (ér shì) rather. ⼯业⾰命 (gōng yè gé

e train became the rst ⽕⻋成为⼈类历史上第⼀个完全历史上 (lì shǐ shàng) historical; in history. 依赖 (yī

Railways in industrialized 在⼯业化国家铁路逐渐走向末路⼯业化国家 (gōng yè huà guó jiā) industrialized

Its dominant position in 其交通运输的优势地位被汽⻋、航空 (háng kōng) aviation. 管道 (guǎn dào) tubing;

In 1960, the British Macdonald 1960年，英国麦克唐纳出版社出麦克 (mài kè) Mike (name). 唐纳 (táng nà) Tanner or

e Tokaido Shinkansen 连接东京和⼤阪的东海道新⼲线⼤阪 (dà bǎn) Ōsaka, a city and prefecture in Japan. 东

Japan began construction of the ⽇本于1967年开始修建连接⼤阪修建 (xiū jiàn) to build; to construct. 福冈 (fú

us formed the Paci c 由此形成沿太平洋伸展的太平洋由此 (yóu cǐ) hereby; from this. 沿 (yán) along; to

TG defeated the aviation TG为东南线就打败了巴黎到⾥昂打败 (dǎ bài) to defeat; to overpower; to beat; to be

High-speed railway has become ⾼速铁路成为具有竞争⼒的现代竞争⼒ (jìng zhēng lì) competitive strength;

As the gauge is 1000 mm 由于轨距为1000毫⽶轨距 (guǐ jù) gauge. 毫⽶ (háo mǐ) millimeter.

A er a hundred years of wind 百年⻛⾬之后百年 (bǎi nián) hundred years; century; lifetime. ⻛

e meter-gauge railway 穿⾏于城市中的⽶轨铁路穿⾏ (chuān xíng) to go through; to bore through; to

e outstanding engineer Zhan 主持修建这条铁路的是杰出的⼯杰出 (jié chū) outstanding; distinguished; remarkable;

It is regarded as a symbol of the 更是为⽆数志⼠仁⼈看作是发展志⼠仁⼈ (zhì shì rén rén) gentleman aspiring to

e railway embodies the 凝聚着强国梦想的铁路凝聚 (níng jù) to condense; to coagulate; coacervation

Fragmented a er all 终归⽀离破碎⽀离破碎 (zhī lí pò suì) scattered and smashed (idiom).

e total length of the national 全国铁路总⻓度只有11,000公⾥全国 (quán guó) whole nation; nationwide;

And mainly concentrated in the 而且主要集中在经济较为发达的较为 (jiào wéi) comparatively; relatively; fairly. 东

Baoji, an important industrial 宝鸡这座中国西部的⼯业重镇宝鸡 (bǎo jī) Baoji prefecture-level city in Shaanxi;

e railway going south to 南下成都、翻越秦岭的铁路南下 (nán xià) to go down south. 成都 (chéng

1001 bridges built 建造了1001座桥梁桥梁 (qiáo liáng) bridge (lit. and g.).

is is also China’s rst 这也是中国第⼀条电⽓化铁路电⽓化 (diàn qì huà) electri cation.

20 years later 此后短短20年时间此后 (cǐ hòu) a er this; a erwards; herea er.

Become the world following 成为世界上继俄罗斯、德国、⽇俄罗斯 (é luó sī) Russia.

e 9th country with tens of 第9个拥有上万公⾥电⽓化铁路的拥有 (yōng yǒu) to have; to possess. 上万 (shàng

Electri cation, this is an 电⽓化，这是中国铁路迈向现代⾥程碑 (lǐ chéng bēi) milestone.

e per capita length of 中国铁路的⼈均⻓度仍只有5.5厘⼈均 (rén jūn) per capita.

Wang Fuchun, a railway 王福春，⼀名铁路摄影家摄影家 (shè yǐng jiā) photographer.

Launch my sight 推出我的视线推出 (tuī chū) to push out; to release; to launch; to

In 1991, Wang Fuchun 1991年王福春出版了影集影集 (yǐng jí) photo album; (TV) series.

“ e Chinese on the Train” 《⽕⻋上的中国⼈》引起国内外国内外 (guó nèi wài) domestic and international; at

e cover of my “Chinese on 我的《⽕⻋上的中国⼈》封⾯封⾯ (fēng miàn) cover (of a publication).

Steam locomotive, look, 蒸汽机⻋，你看，冒着蒸汽冒着 (mào zhe) to brave; to face dangers. 蒸汽 (zhēng

e mental state of people in 拉着绿⻋⽪那个时代的⼈的精神⻋⽪ (chē pí) wagon; freight car. 精神状态 (jīng shén

is piece of history is the most 这段历史，是中国⼈乘⽕⻋最难难忘 (nán wàng) unforgettable.

Coal, wood, ore, grain, 煤炭、木材、矿⽯、粮⻝、化肥木材 (mù cái) wood. 矿⽯ (kuàng shí) ore. 化肥 (huà

ese raw materials and 这些原料和物资物资 (wù zī) goods; supplies.

Can only reach about 30% 只能够达到百分之三⼗左右三⼗ (sān shí) thirty; 30.

Chinese railways have never 中国铁路在历史上既没有兴盛过兴盛 (xīng shèng) to ourish; to thrive.

Never had a trough 也没有过低⾕过低 (guò dī) too low. ⾕ (gǔ) valley.

Not to mention revival 更谈不上复兴谈不上 (tán bu shàng) to be out of the question.

e railway that a ects the 攸关国计⺠⽣的铁路攸关 (yōu guān) of great concern. ⺠⽣ (mín

Occupy a backbone position 占据⻣⼲地位占据 (zhàn jù) to occupy; to hold.

China Railway has 中国铁路实施了⼀⼤批重点⼯程实施 (shí shī) to implement; to carry out. ⼤批 (dà

Related to the improvement of 关系着铁路⽣产⼒的提升⽣产⼒ (shēng chǎn lì) production capability;

Completed total conversion 完成总换算周转量31,010亿公⾥换算 (huàn suàn) to convert; conversion; (in

People can travel and goods ⼈便其⾏，货畅其流货 (huò) goods; money; commodity. 畅 (chàng) free;

is is the Spring Festival 这就是春运春运 (chūn yùn) (increased) passenger transportation